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1 @node Commands,,Customization,Top,Top
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2 @chapter Commands
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3
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4 This section is a semi-automatically bowdlerized version of the Vi
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5 reference created by @* @samp{maart@@cs.vu.nl} and others. It can be
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6 found on the Vi archives. Very little has been changed for Viper.@refill
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7
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8 @menu
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9 * Groundwork:: Textual Conventions and Viper basics
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10 * Text Handling:: Moving, Editing, Undoing.
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11 * Display:: Scrolling.
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12 * File and Buffer Handling:: Editing, Writing and Quitting.
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13 * Mapping:: Mapping Keys, Keyboard Macros
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14 * Shell Commands:: Accessing Shell Commands, Processing Text
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15 * Options:: Ex options, the @kbd{:set} commands
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16 * Emacs Related Commands:: Meta Keys, Windows
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17 * Mouse-bound Commands:: Search and insertion of text
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18 @end menu
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19
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20 @node Groundwork, Text Handling, Commands, Commands
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21 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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22 @section Groundwork
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23
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24 The VI command set is based on the idea of combining motion commands
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25 with other commands. The motion command is used as a text region
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26 specifier for other commands.
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27 We classify motion commands into @dfn{point commands} and
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28 @dfn{line commands}.@refill
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29
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30 @cindex point commands
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31
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32 The point commands are:
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33
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34 @quotation
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35 @kbd{h}, @kbd{l}, @kbd{0}, @kbd{$}, @kbd{w}, @kbd{W}, @kbd{b}, @kbd{B},
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36 @kbd{e}, @kbd{E}, @kbd{(}, @kbd{)}, @kbd{/}, @kbd{?}, @kbd{`}, @kbd{f},
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37 @kbd{F}, @kbd{t}, @kbd{T}, @kbd{%}, @kbd{;}, @kbd{,}, @kbd{^}
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38 @end quotation
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39
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40 @cindex line commands
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41
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42 The line commands are:
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43
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44 @quotation
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45 @kbd{j}, @kbd{k}, @kbd{+}, @kbd{-}, @kbd{H}, @kbd{M}, @kbd{L}, @kbd{@{},
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46 @kbd{@}}, @kbd{G}, @kbd{'}, @kbd{[[}, @kbd{]]}, @kbd{[]}
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47 @end quotation
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48 @noindent
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49
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50 Text Deletion Commands (@xref{Deleting Text}), Change commands
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51 (@xref{Changing Text}), even Shell Commands (@xref{Shell Commands})
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52 use these commands to describe a region of text to operate on.
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53
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54 @cindex r and R region specifiers
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55
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56 Viper adds two region descriptors, @kbd{r} and @kbd{R}. These describe
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57 the Emacs regions (@xref{Basics}), but they are not movement commands.
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58
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59 The command description uses angle brackets @samp{<>} to indicate
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60 metasyntactic variables, since the normal conventions of using simple
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61 text can be confusing with Viper where the commands themselves are
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62 characters. Watch out where @kbd{<} shift commands and @kbd{<count>} are
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63 mentioned together!!!
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64
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65 @kindex <move>
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66 @kindex <a-z>
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67 @kindex <address>
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68 @cindex <move>
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69 @cindex <a-z>
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70 @cindex <address>
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71 @cindex movements
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72
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73 @samp{<move>} refers to the above movement commands, and @samp{<a-z>}
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74 refers to registers or textmarkers from @samp{a} to @samp{z}. Note
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75 that the @samp{<move>} is described by full move commands, that is to
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76 say they will take counts, and otherwise behave like normal move commands.
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77 @cindex Ex addresses
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78 @samp{<address>} refers to Ex line addresses, which include
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79
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80 @table @kbd
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81 @item . <No address>
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82 Current line
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83 @item .+n .-n
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84 Add or subtract for current line
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85 @item number
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86 Actual line number, use @kbd{.=} to get the line number
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87 @item '<a-z>
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88 Textmarker
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89 @item $
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90 Last line
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91 @item x,y
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92 Where x and y are one of the above
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93 @item %
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94 @cindex % (Ex address)
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95 For the whole file, same as (1,$).
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96 @item /pat/
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97 @item ?pat?
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98 Next or previous line with pattern pat
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99 @end table
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100
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101 @cindex % (Current file)
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102 Note that @samp{%} is used in Ex commands to mean current file. If you
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103 want a @samp{%} in your command, it must be escaped as @samp{\%}.
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104 @cindex # (Previous file)
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105 Similarly, @samp{#} expands to the previous file. The previous file is
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106 the first file in @kbd{:args} listing. This defaults to previous window
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107 in the VI sense if you have one window only.
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108
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109 @kindex <args>
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110 @kindex <cmd>
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111 @cindex <args>
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112 @cindex <cmd>
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113 @noindent
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114 Others like @samp{<args> -- arguments}, @samp{<cmd> -- command} etc.
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115 should be fairly obvious.
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116
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117 @noindent
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118 Common characters referred to include:
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119
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120 @table @kbd
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121 @item <sp>
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122 Space
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123 @item <ht>
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124 Tab
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125 @item <lf>
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126 Linefeed
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127 @item <esc>
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128 Escape
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129 @item <cr>
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130 Return, Enter
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131 @end table
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132 @cindex <cr>
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133 @cindex <esc>
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134 @cindex <lf>
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135 @cindex <ht>
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136 @cindex <sp>
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137
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138 @cindex words
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139 @cindex WORDS
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140 @cindex char
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141 @cindex CHAR
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142
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143 We also use @samp{word} for alphanumeric/non-alphanumeric words, and
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144 @samp{WORD} for whitespace delimited words. @samp{char} refers to any
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145 ASCII character, @samp{CHAR} to non-whitespace character.
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146 Brackets @samp{[]} indicate optional parameters; @samp{<count>} also
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147 optional, usually defaulting to 1. Brackets are elided for
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148 @samp{<count>} to eschew obfuscation.
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149
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150 Viper's idea of Vi's words is slightly different from Vi. First, Viper
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151 words understand Emacs symbol tables. Therefore, all symbols declared to be
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152 alphanumeric in a symbol table can automatically be made part of the Viper
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153 word. This is useful when, for instance, editing text containing European,
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154 Cyrillic, etc., letters.
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155
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156 Second, Viper lets you depart from Vi's idea of a word by changing the
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157 value of @code{vip-syntax-preference}. By default, this variable is set to
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158 @code{'strict-vi}, which means that alphanumeric symbols are exactly as
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159 in Vi.
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160 However, if the value is @code{'reformed-vi} then alphanumeric
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161 symbols will be those specified by the current Emacs syntax table (which
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162 may be different for different major modes) plus the underscore symbol
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163 @code{_}. The user can also specify the value @code{'emacs}, which would
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164 make Viper use exactly the Emacs notion of word. In particular, the
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165 underscore may not be part of a word. Finally, if
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166 @code{vip-syntax-preference} is set to @code{'extended}, Viper words would
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167 consist of characters that are classified as alphanumeric @emph{or} as
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168 parts of symbols. This is convenient for writing programs and in many other
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169 situations.
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170
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171 @vindex @code{vip-syntax-preference}
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172 @cindex syntax table
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173
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174 @code{vip-syntax-preference} is a local variable, so it can have different
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175 values for different major modes. For instance, in programming modes it can
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176 have the value @code{'extended}. In text modes where words contain special
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177 characters, such as European (non-English) letters, Cyrillic letters, etc.,
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178 the value can be @code{'reformed-vi} or @code{'emacs}.
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179
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180 Changes to @code{vip-syntax-preference} should be done in the hooks to
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181 various major modes. Furthermore, for these changes to take effect, you
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182 should execute @code{(vip-update-alphanumeric-class)} right after changing
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183 the value of @code{vip-syntax-preference}.
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184
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185 The above discussion concerns only the movement commands. In regular
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186 expressions, words remain the same as in Emacs. That is, the expressions
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187 @code{\w}, @code{\>}, @code{\<}, etc., use Emacs' idea of what is a word,
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188 and they don't look into the value of variable
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189 @code{vip-syntax-preference}. This is because Viper doesn't change syntax
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190 tables in order to not thwart the various major modes that set these
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191 tables.
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192
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193 The usual Emacs convention is used to indicate Control Characters, i.e
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194 C-h for Control-h. @emph{Do not confuse this to mean the separate
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195 characters C - h!!!} The @kbd{^} is itself, never used to indicate a
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196 Control character.
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197
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198 @node Text Handling, Display, Groundwork, Commands
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199 @section Text Handling
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200
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201 @menu
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202 * Move Commands:: Moving, Searching
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203 * Marking:: Textmarkers in Viper and the Emacs Mark.
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204 * Appending Text:: Text insertion, Shifting, Putting
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205 * Editing in Insert State:: Autoindent, Quoting etc.
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206 * Deleting Text:: Deleting
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207 * Changing Text:: Changing, Replacement, Joining
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208 * Search and Replace:: Searches, Query Replace, Pattern Commands
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209 * Yanking:: Yanking, Viewing Registers
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210 * Undoing:: Multiple Undo, Backups
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211 @end menu
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212
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213 @node Move Commands,Marking,,Text Handling
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214 @subsection Move Commands
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215
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216 @cindex movement commands
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217 @cindex searching
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218 @cindex textmarkers
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219 @cindex markers
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220 @cindex column movement
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221 @cindex paragraphs
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222 @cindex headings
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223 @cindex sections
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224 @cindex sentences
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225 @cindex matching parens
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226 @cindex paren matching
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227
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228 @table @kbd
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229 @item <count> h C-h
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230 <count> chars to the left.
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231 @item <count> j <lf> C-n
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232 <count> lines downward.
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233 @item <count> l <sp>
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234 <count> chars to the right.
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235 @item <count> k C-p
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236 <count> lines upward.
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237 @item <count> $
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238 To the end of line <count> from the cursor.
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239 @item <count> ^
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240 To the first CHAR <count> - 1 lines lower.
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241 @item <count> -
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242 To the first CHAR <count> lines higher.
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243 @item <count> + <cr>
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244 To the first CHAR <count> lines lower.
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245 @item 0
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246 To the first char of the line.
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247 @item <count> |
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248 To column <count>
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249 @item <count> f<char>
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250 <count> <char>s to the right (find).
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251 @item <count> t<char>
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252 Till before <count> <char>s to the right.
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253 @item <count> F<char>
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254 <count> <char>s to the left.
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255 @item <count> T<char>
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256 Till after <count> <char>s to the left.
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257 @item <count> ;
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258 Repeat latest @kbd{f t F T} <count> times.
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259 @item <count> ,
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260 Repeat latest @kbd{f t F T}
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261 <count> times in opposite direction.
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262 @item <count> w
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263 <count> words forward.
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264 @item <count> W
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265 <count> WORDS forward.
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266 @item <count> b
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267 <count> words backward.
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268 @item <count> B
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269 <count> WORDS backward.
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270 @item <count> e
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271 To the end of word <count> forward.
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272 @item <count> E
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273 To the end of WORD <count> forward.
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274 @item <count> G
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275 Go to line <count> (default end-of-file).
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276 @item <count> H
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277 To line <count> from top of the screen (home).
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278 @item <count> L
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279 To line <count> from bottom of the screen (last).
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280 @item M
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281 To the middle line of the screen.
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282 @item <count> )
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283 <count> sentences forward.
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284 @item <count> (
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285 <count> sentences backward.
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286 @item <count> @}
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287 <count> paragraphs forward.
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288 @item <count> @{
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289 <count> paragraphs backward.
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290 @item <count> ]]
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291 To the <count>th heading.
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292 @item <count> [[
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293 To the <count>th previous heading.
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294 @item <count> []
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295 To the end of <count>th heading.
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296 @item m<a-z>
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297 Mark the cursor position with a letter.
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298 @item `<a-z>
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299 To the mark.
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300 @item '<a-z>
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301 To the first CHAR of the line with the mark.
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302 @item [<a-z>
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303 Show contents of textmarker.
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304 @item ]<a-z>
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305 Show contents of register.
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306 @item ``
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307 To the cursor position before the latest absolute
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308 jump (of which are examples @kbd{/} and @kbd{G}).
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309 @item ''
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310 To the first CHAR of the line on which the cursor
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311 was placed before the latest absolute jump.
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312 @item <count> /<string>
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313 To the <count>th occurrence of <string>.
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314 @item <count> /<cr>
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315 To the <count>th occurrence of <string> from previous @kbd{/ or ?}.
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316 @item <count> ?<string>
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317 To the <count>th previous occurrence of <string>.
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318 @item <count> ?<cr>
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319 To the <count>th previous occurrence of <string> from previous @kbd{? or /}.
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320 @item n
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321 Repeat latest @kbd{/} @kbd{?} (next).
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322 @item N
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323 Repeat latest search in opposite direction.
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324 @item C-c /
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325 Without a prefix argument, this command toggles
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326 case-sensitive/case-insensitive search modes and plain vanilla/regular
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327 expression search. With the prefix argument 1, i.e.,
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328 @kbd{1 C-c /}, this toggles case-sensitivity; with the prefix argument 2,
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329 toggles plain vanilla search and search using
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330 regular expressions. @xref{Viper Specials}, for alternative ways to invoke
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331 this function.
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332 @cindex vanilla search
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333 @cindex case-sensitive search
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334 @cindex case-insensitive search
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335 @item %
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336 Find the next bracket and go to its match.
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337 @end table
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338 @kindex @kbd{%}
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339 @kindex @kbd{C-c /}
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340 @kindex @kbd{N}
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341 @kindex @kbd{n}
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342 @kindex @kbd{?<cr>}
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343 @kindex @kbd{/<cr>}
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344 @kindex @kbd{?<string>}
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345 @kindex @kbd{/<string>}
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346 @kindex @kbd{''}
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347 @kindex @kbd{``}
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348 @kindex @kbd{]<a-z>}
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349 @kindex @kbd{[<a-z>}
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350 @kindex @kbd{'<a-z>}
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351 @kindex @kbd{`<a-z>}
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352 @kindex @kbd{m<a-z>}
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353 @kindex @kbd{[]}
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354 @kindex @kbd{[[}
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355 @kindex @kbd{]]}
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356 @kindex @kbd{@{}
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357 @kindex @kbd{@}}
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358 @kindex @kbd{(}
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359 @kindex @kbd{)}
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360 @kindex @kbd{M}
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361 @kindex @kbd{L}
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362 @kindex @kbd{H}
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363 @kindex @kbd{G}
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364 @kindex @kbd{E}
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365 @kindex @kbd{e}
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366 @kindex @kbd{B}
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367 @kindex @kbd{b}
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368 @kindex @kbd{W}
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369 @kindex @kbd{w}
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370 @kindex @kbd{,}
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371 @kindex @kbd{;}
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372 @kindex @kbd{T<char>}
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373 @kindex @kbd{F<char>}
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374 @kindex @kbd{t<char>}
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375 @kindex @kbd{f<char>}
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376 @kindex @kbd{|}
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377 @kindex @kbd{0}
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378 @kindex @kbd{<cr>}
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379 @kindex @kbd{+}
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380 @kindex @kbd{-}
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381 @kindex @kbd{^}
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382 @kindex @kbd{$}
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383 @kindex @kbd{C-p}
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384 @kindex @kbd{<lf>}
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385 @kindex @kbd{<sp>}
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386 @kindex @kbd{C-n}
|
|
|
387 @kindex @kbd{C-h}
|
|
|
388 @kindex @kbd{h}
|
|
|
389 @kindex @kbd{j}
|
|
|
390 @kindex @kbd{k}
|
|
|
391 @kindex @kbd{l}
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
393 @node Marking,Appending Text,Move Commands,Text Handling
|
|
|
394 @subsection Marking
|
|
|
395
|
|
|
396 Emacs mark is referred to in the region specifiers @kbd{r} and @kbd{R}.
|
|
|
397 @xref{Emacs Preliminaries} and @pxref{Basics} for explanation. Also
|
|
|
398 see @ref{Mark,,Mark,emacs,The GNU Emacs manual}, for an explanation of
|
|
|
399 the Emacs mark ring.
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
401 @cindex marking
|
|
|
402
|
|
|
403 @table @kbd
|
|
|
404 @item m<a-z>
|
|
|
405 Mark the current file and position with the specified letter.
|
|
|
406 @item m .
|
|
|
407 Set the Emacs mark (@xref{Emacs Preliminaries}) at point.
|
|
|
408 @item m <
|
|
|
409 Set the Emacs mark at beginning of buffer.
|
|
|
410 @item m >
|
|
|
411 Set the Emacs mark at end of buffer.
|
|
|
412 @item m ,
|
|
|
413 Jump to the Emacs mark.
|
|
|
414 @item :mark <char>
|
|
|
415 Mark position with text marker named <char>. This is an Ex command.
|
|
|
416 @item :k <char>
|
|
|
417 Same as @kbd{:mark}.
|
|
|
418 @item ``
|
|
|
419 Exchange point and mark.
|
|
|
420 @item ''
|
|
|
421 Exchange point and mark and go to the first CHAR on line.
|
|
|
422 @item '<a-z>
|
|
|
423 Go to specified Viper mark.
|
|
|
424 @item
|
|
|
425 Go to specified Viper mark and go to the first CHAR on line.
|
|
|
426 @end table
|
|
|
427 @kindex @kbd{m<a-z>}
|
|
|
428 @kindex @kbd{m.}
|
|
|
429 @kindex @kbd{m>}
|
|
|
430 @kindex @kbd{m<}
|
|
|
431 @kindex @kbd{m,}
|
|
|
432 @findex @kbd{:mark}
|
|
|
433 @findex @kbd{:k}
|
|
|
434 @kindex @kbd{''}
|
|
|
435 @kindex @kbd{``}
|
|
|
436 @kindex @kbd{`<a-z>}
|
|
|
437 @kindex @kbd{'<a-z>}
|
|
|
438
|
|
|
439 @node Appending Text, Editing in Insert State, Marking,Text Handling
|
|
|
440 @subsection Appending Text
|
|
|
441
|
|
|
442 @xref{Options} to see how to change tab and shiftwidth size. See the GNU
|
|
|
443 Emacs manual, or try @kbd{C-ha tabs} (If you have turned Emacs help on).
|
|
|
444 Check out the variable @code{indent-tabs-mode} to put in just spaces.
|
|
|
445 Also see options for word-wrap.
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
447 @cindex inserting
|
|
|
448 @cindex appending
|
|
|
449 @cindex paste
|
|
|
450 @cindex put
|
|
|
451
|
|
|
452 @table @kbd
|
|
|
453 @item <count> a
|
|
|
454 <count> times after the cursor.
|
|
|
455 @item <count> A
|
|
|
456 <count> times at the end of line.
|
|
|
457 @item <count> i
|
|
|
458 <count> times before the cursor (insert).
|
|
|
459 @item <count> I
|
|
|
460 <count> times before the first CHAR of the line
|
|
|
461 @item <count> o
|
|
|
462 On a new line below the current (open).
|
|
|
463 The count is only useful on a slow terminal.
|
|
|
464 @item <count> O
|
|
|
465 On a new line above the current.
|
|
|
466 The count is only useful on a slow terminal.
|
|
|
467 @item <count> ><move>
|
|
|
468 Shift the lines described by <count><move> one
|
|
|
469 shiftwidth to the right (layout!).
|
|
|
470 @item <count> >>
|
|
|
471 Shift <count> lines one shiftwidth to the right.
|
|
|
472 @item <count> ["<a-z1-9>]p
|
|
|
473 Put the contents of the (default undo) buffer
|
|
|
474 <count> times after the cursor. The register will
|
|
|
475 be automatically downcased.
|
|
|
476 @item <count> ["<a-z1-9>]P
|
|
|
477 Put the contents of the (default undo) buffer
|
|
|
478 <count> times before the cursor. The register will
|
|
|
479 @item [<a-z>
|
|
|
480 Show contents of textmarker.
|
|
|
481 @item ]<a-z>
|
|
|
482 Show contents of register.
|
|
|
483 @item <count> .
|
|
|
484 Repeat previous command <count> times. For destructive
|
|
|
485 commands as well as undo.
|
|
|
486 @item f1 1 and f1 2
|
|
|
487 While @kbd{.} repeats the last destructive command,
|
|
|
488 these two macros repeat the second-last and the third-last destructive
|
|
|
489 commands. @xref{Vi Macros}, for more information on Vi macros.
|
|
|
490 @item C-c M-p and C-c M-n
|
|
|
491 In Vi state,
|
|
|
492 these commands help peruse the history of Vi's destructive commands.
|
|
|
493 Successive typing of @kbd{C-c M-p} causes Viper to search the history in
|
|
|
494 the direction
|
|
|
495 of older commands, while hitting @kbd{C-c M-n} does so in reverse
|
|
|
496 order. Each command in the history is displayed in the Minibuffer. The
|
|
|
497 displayed command can
|
|
|
498 then be executed by typing `@kbd{.}'.
|
|
|
499
|
|
|
500 Since typing the above sequences of keys may be tedious, the
|
|
|
501 functions doing the perusing can be bound to unused keyboard keys in the
|
|
|
502 @file{~/.vip} file. @xref{Viper Specials}, for details.
|
|
|
503 @end table
|
|
|
504 @kindex @kbd{C-c M-p}
|
|
|
505 @kindex @kbd{C-c M-n}
|
|
|
506 @kindex @kbd{.}
|
|
|
507 @kindex @kbd{]<a-z>}
|
|
|
508 @kindex @kbd{[<a-z>}
|
|
|
509 @kindex @kbd{P}
|
|
|
510 @kindex @kbd{p}
|
|
|
511 @kindex @kbd{"<a-z1-9>p}
|
|
|
512 @kindex @kbd{"<a-z1-9>P}
|
|
|
513 @kindex @kbd{>>}
|
|
|
514 @kindex @kbd{><move>}
|
|
|
515 @kindex @kbd{O}
|
|
|
516 @kindex @kbd{o}
|
|
|
517 @kindex @kbd{i}
|
|
|
518 @kindex @kbd{A}
|
|
|
519 @kindex @kbd{a}
|
|
|
520
|
|
|
521 @node Editing in Insert State, Deleting Text, Appending Text,Text Handling
|
|
|
522 @subsection Editing in Insert State
|
|
|
523
|
|
|
524 Minibuffer can be edited similarly to Insert state, and you can switch
|
|
|
525 between Insert/Replace/Vi states at will.
|
|
|
526 Some users prefer plain Emacs feel in the Minibuffer. To this end, set
|
|
|
527 @var{vip-vi-style-in-minibuffer} to @code{nil}.
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
529 @cindex Insert state
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
531 @table @kbd
|
|
|
532 @item C-v
|
|
|
533 Deprive the next char of its special meaning (quoting).
|
|
|
534 @item C-h
|
|
|
535 One char back.
|
|
|
536 @item C-w
|
|
|
537 One word back.
|
|
|
538 @item C-u
|
|
|
539 Back to the begin of the change on the
|
|
|
540 current line.
|
|
|
541
|
|
|
542 @end table
|
|
|
543 @kindex @kbd{C-u}
|
|
|
544 @kindex @kbd{C-w}
|
|
|
545 @kindex @kbd{C-v}
|
|
|
546
|
|
|
547 @node Deleting Text, Changing Text, Editing in Insert State, Text Handling
|
|
|
548 @subsection Deleting Text
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
551 There is one difference in text deletion that you should be
|
|
|
552 aware of. This difference comes from Emacs and was adopted in Viper
|
|
|
553 because we find it very useful. In Vi, if you delete a line, say, and then
|
|
|
554 another line, these two deletions are separated and are put back
|
|
|
555 separately if you use the @samp{p} command. In Emacs (and Viper), successive
|
|
|
556 series of deletions that are @emph{not interrupted} by other commands are
|
|
|
557 lumped together, so the deleted text gets accumulated and can be put back
|
|
|
558 as one chunk. If you want to break a sequence of deletions so that the
|
|
|
559 newly deleted text could be put back separately from the previously deleted
|
|
|
560 text, you should perform a non-deleting action, e.g., move the cursor one
|
|
|
561 character in any direction.
|
|
|
562
|
|
|
563 @cindex shifting text
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
565 @table @kbd
|
|
|
566 @item <count> x
|
|
|
567 Delete <count> chars under and after the cursor.
|
|
|
568 @item <count> X
|
|
|
569 Delete <count> chars before the cursor.
|
|
|
570 @item <count> d<move>
|
|
|
571 Delete from point to endpoint of <count><move>.
|
|
|
572 @item <count> dd
|
|
|
573 Delete <count> lines.
|
|
|
574 @item D
|
|
|
575 The rest of the line.
|
|
|
576 @item <count> <<move>
|
|
|
577 Shift the lines described by <count><move> one
|
|
|
578 shiftwidth to the left (layout!).
|
|
|
579 @item <count> <<
|
|
|
580 Shift <count> lines one shiftwidth to the left.
|
|
|
581 @end table
|
|
|
582 @kindex @kbd{<<}
|
|
|
583 @kindex @kbd{<<move>}
|
|
|
584 @kindex @kbd{D}
|
|
|
585 @kindex @kbd{dd}
|
|
|
586 @kindex @kbd{d<move>}
|
|
|
587 @kindex @kbd{X}
|
|
|
588 @kindex @kbd{x}
|
|
|
589
|
|
|
590 @node Changing Text, Search and Replace, Deleting Text,Text Handling
|
|
|
591 @subsection Changing Text
|
|
|
592
|
|
|
593 @cindex joining lines
|
|
|
594 @cindex changing case
|
|
|
595 @cindex quoting regions
|
|
|
596 @cindex substitution
|
|
|
597
|
|
|
598 @table @kbd
|
|
|
599 @item <count> r<char>
|
|
|
600 Replace <count> chars by <char> - no <esc>.
|
|
|
601 @item <count> R
|
|
|
602 Overwrite the rest of the line,
|
|
|
603 appending change @var{count - 1} times.
|
|
|
604 @item <count> s
|
|
|
605 Substitute <count> chars.
|
|
|
606 @item <count> S
|
|
|
607 Change <count> lines.
|
|
|
608 @item <count> c<move>
|
|
|
609 Change from begin to endpoint of <count><move>.
|
|
|
610 @item <count> cc
|
|
|
611 Change <count> lines.
|
|
|
612 @item <count> C
|
|
|
613 The rest of the line and <count> - 1 next lines.
|
|
|
614 @item <count> =<move>
|
|
|
615 Reindent the region described by move.
|
|
|
616 @item <count> ~
|
|
|
617 Switch lower and upper cases.
|
|
|
618 @item <count> J
|
|
|
619 Join <count> lines (default 2).
|
|
|
620 @item :[x,y]s/<p>/<r>/<f>
|
|
|
621 Substitute (on lines x through y) the pattern
|
|
|
622 <p> (default the last pattern) with <r>. Useful
|
|
|
623 flags <f> are @samp{g} for @samp{global} (i.e. change every
|
|
|
624 non-overlapping occurrence of <p>) and @samp{c} for
|
|
|
625 @samp{confirm} (type @samp{y} to confirm a particular
|
|
|
626 substitution, else @samp{n} ). Instead of @kbd{/} any
|
|
|
627 punctuation CHAR unequal to <space> <tab> and <lf> can be used as
|
|
|
628 delimiter.
|
|
|
629 @item :[x,y]copy [z]
|
|
|
630 Copy text between @kbd{x} and @kbd{y} to the position after @kbd{z}.
|
|
|
631 @item :[x,y]t [z]
|
|
|
632 Same as @kbd{:copy}.
|
|
|
633 @item :[x,y]move [z]
|
|
|
634 Move text between @kbd{x} and @kbd{y} to the position after @kbd{z}.
|
|
|
635 @item &
|
|
|
636 Repeat latest Ex substitute command, e.g.
|
|
|
637 @kbd{:s/wrong/good}.
|
|
|
638 @item C-c /
|
|
|
639 Toggle case-sensitive search. With prefix argument, toggle vanilla/regular
|
|
|
640 expression search.
|
|
|
641 @item #c<move>
|
|
|
642 Change upper case characters in the region to lower case.
|
|
|
643 @item #C<move>
|
|
|
644 Change lower case characters in the region to upper case.
|
|
|
645 @item #q<move>
|
|
|
646 Insert specified string at the beginning of each line in the region
|
|
|
647 @item C-c M-p and C-c M-n
|
|
|
648 In Insert and Replace states, these keys are bound to commands that peruse
|
|
|
649 the history of the text
|
|
|
650 previously inserted in other insert or replace commands. By repeatedly typing
|
|
|
651 @kbd{C-c M-p} or @kbd{C-c M-n}, you will cause Viper to
|
|
|
652 insert these previously used strings one by one.
|
|
|
653 When a new string is inserted, the previous one is deleted.
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
655 In Vi state, these keys are bound to functions that peruse the history of
|
|
|
656 destructive Vi commands.
|
|
|
657 @xref{Viper Specials}, for details.
|
|
|
658 @end table
|
|
|
659 @kindex @kbd{C-c M-p}
|
|
|
660 @kindex @kbd{C-c M-n}
|
|
|
661 @kindex @kbd{#q<move> }
|
|
|
662 @kindex @kbd{#C<move>}
|
|
|
663 @kindex @kbd{#c<move>}
|
|
|
664 @kindex @kbd{&}
|
|
|
665 @findex @kbd{:substitute/<p>/<r>/<f>}
|
|
|
666 @findex @kbd{:s/<p>/<r>/<f>}
|
|
|
667 @findex @kbd{:copy [z]}
|
|
|
668 @findex @kbd{:t [z]}
|
|
|
669 @findex @kbd{:move [z]}
|
|
|
670 @kindex @kbd{J}
|
|
|
671 @kindex @kbd{~}
|
|
|
672 @kindex @kbd{=<move>}
|
|
|
673 @kindex @kbd{C}
|
|
|
674 @kindex @kbd{cc}
|
|
|
675 @kindex @kbd{c<move>}
|
|
|
676 @kindex @kbd{S}
|
|
|
677 @kindex @kbd{s}
|
|
|
678 @kindex @kbd{R}
|
|
|
679 @kindex @kbd{r<char>}
|
|
|
680
|
|
|
681 @node Search and Replace, Yanking, Changing Text,Text Handling
|
|
|
682 @subsection Search and Replace
|
|
|
683
|
|
|
684 @xref{Groundwork}, for Ex address syntax. @xref{Options} to see how to
|
|
|
685 get literal (non-regular-expression) search and how to stop search from
|
|
|
686 wrapping around.
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
688 @table @kbd
|
|
|
689 @item <count> /<string>
|
|
|
690 To the <count>th occurrence of <string>.
|
|
|
691 @item <count> ?<string>
|
|
|
692 To the <count>th previous occurrence of <string>.
|
|
|
693 @item <count> g<move>
|
|
|
694 Search for the text described by move. (off by default)
|
|
|
695 @item n
|
|
|
696 Repeat latest @kbd{/} @kbd{?} (next).
|
|
|
697 @item N
|
|
|
698 Idem in opposite direction.
|
|
|
699 @item %
|
|
|
700 Find the next bracket and go to its match
|
|
|
701 @item :[x,y]g/<string>/<cmd>
|
|
|
702 @cindex text processing
|
|
|
703 Search globally [from line x to y] for <string>
|
|
|
704 and execute the Ex <cmd> on each occurrence.
|
|
|
705 @item :[x,y]v/<string>/<cmd>
|
|
|
706 Execute <cmd> on the lines that don't match.
|
|
|
707 @item #g<move>
|
|
|
708 Execute the last keyboard macro for each line in the region.
|
|
|
709 @xref{Macros and Registers}, for more info.
|
|
|
710 @item Q
|
|
|
711 Query Replace.
|
|
|
712 @item :ta <name>
|
|
|
713 Search in the tags file where <name> is defined (file, line), and go to it.
|
|
|
714 @item :[x,y]s/<p>/<r>/<f>
|
|
|
715 Substitute (on lines x through y) the pattern <p> (default the last
|
|
|
716 pattern) with <r>. Useful
|
|
|
717 flags <f> are @samp{g} for @samp{global} (i.e. change every
|
|
|
718 non-overlapping occurrence of <p>) and @samp{c} for
|
|
|
719 @samp{confirm} (type @samp{y} to confirm a particular
|
|
|
720 substitution, else @samp{n}). Instead of @kbd{/} any
|
|
|
721 punctuation CHAR unequal to <space> <tab> and <lf> can be used as delimiter.
|
|
|
722 @item &
|
|
|
723 Repeat latest Ex substitute command, e.g. @kbd{:s/wrong/good}.
|
|
|
724 @end table
|
|
|
725 @kindex @kbd{&}
|
|
|
726 @findex @kbd{:substitute/<p>/<r>/<f>}
|
|
|
727 @kindex @kbd{Q}
|
|
|
728 @kindex @kbd{#g<move>}
|
|
|
729 @findex @kbd{:v/<string>/<cmd>}
|
|
|
730 @findex @kbd{:g/<string>/<cmd>}
|
|
|
731 @findex @kbd{:global/<string>/<cmd>}
|
|
|
732 @findex @kbd{:tag <name>}
|
|
|
733 @kindex @kbd{%}
|
|
|
734 @kindex @kbd{N}
|
|
|
735 @kindex @kbd{n}
|
|
|
736 @kindex @kbd{g<move>}
|
|
|
737 @kindex @kbd{?<string>}
|
|
|
738 @kindex @kbd{/<string>}
|
|
|
739
|
|
|
740 @node Yanking,Undoing,Search and Replace,Text Handling
|
|
|
741 @subsection Yanking
|
|
|
742
|
|
|
743 @cindex cut and paste
|
|
|
744 @cindex paste
|
|
|
745
|
|
|
746 @table @kbd
|
|
|
747 @item <count> y<move>
|
|
|
748 Yank from begin to endpoint of <count><move>.
|
|
|
749 @item <count> "<a-z>y<move>
|
|
|
750 Yank from begin to endpoint of <count><move> to register.
|
|
|
751 @item <count> "<A-Z>y<move>
|
|
|
752 Yank from begin to endpoint of <count><move> and append
|
|
|
753 to register.
|
|
|
754 @item <count> yy
|
|
|
755 <count> lines.
|
|
|
756 @item <count> Y
|
|
|
757 Idem (should be equivalent to @kbd{y$} though).
|
|
|
758 @item m<a-z>
|
|
|
759 Mark the cursor position with a letter.
|
|
|
760 @item [<a-z>
|
|
|
761 Show contents of textmarker.
|
|
|
762 @item ]<a-z>
|
|
|
763 Show contents of register.
|
|
|
764 @item <count> ["<a-z1-9>]p
|
|
|
765 Put the contents of the (default undo) buffer
|
|
|
766 <count> times after the cursor. The register will
|
|
|
767 be automatically downcased.
|
|
|
768 @item <count> ["<a-z1-9>]P
|
|
|
769 Put the contents of the (default undo) buffer
|
|
|
770 <count> times before the cursor. The register will
|
|
|
771 @end table
|
|
|
772 @kindex @kbd{P}
|
|
|
773 @kindex @kbd{p}
|
|
|
774 @kindex @kbd{"<a-z1-9>p}
|
|
|
775 @kindex @kbd{"<a-z1-9>P}
|
|
|
776 @kindex @kbd{]<a-z>}
|
|
|
777 @kindex @kbd{[<a-z>}
|
|
|
778 @kindex @kbd{m<a-z>}
|
|
|
779 @kindex @kbd{Y}
|
|
|
780 @kindex @kbd{yy}
|
|
|
781 @kindex @kbd{"<A-Z>y<move>}
|
|
|
782 @kindex @kbd{"<a-z>y<move>}
|
|
|
783 @kindex @kbd{y<move>}
|
|
|
784 @kindex @kbd{yank}
|
|
|
785 @findex @kbd{:yank}
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
787 @node Undoing,, Yanking,Text Handling
|
|
|
788 @subsection Undoing
|
|
|
789
|
|
|
790 @cindex undo
|
|
|
791 @cindex backup files
|
|
|
792
|
|
|
793 @table @kbd
|
|
|
794 @item u U
|
|
|
795 Undo the latest change.
|
|
|
796 @item .
|
|
|
797 Repeat undo.
|
|
|
798 @item :q!
|
|
|
799 Quit Vi without writing.
|
|
|
800 @item :e!
|
|
|
801 Re-edit a messed-up file.
|
|
|
802 @item :rec
|
|
|
803 Recover file from autosave. Viper also creates backup files
|
|
|
804 that have a @samp{~} appended to them.
|
|
|
805 @end table
|
|
|
806 @findex @kbd{:rec}
|
|
|
807 @findex @kbd{:e!}
|
|
|
808 @findex @kbd{:q!}
|
|
|
809 @kindex @kbd{.}
|
|
|
810 @kindex @kbd{U}
|
|
|
811 @kindex @kbd{u}
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
813 @node Display, File and Buffer Handling, Text Handling, Commands
|
|
|
814 @section Display
|
|
|
815
|
|
|
816 @cindex scrolling
|
|
|
817
|
|
|
818 @table @kbd
|
|
|
819 @item C-g
|
|
|
820 At user level 1,
|
|
|
821 give file name, status, current line number
|
|
|
822 and relative position. @*
|
|
|
823 At user levels 2 and higher, abort the current command.
|
|
|
824 @item C-c g
|
|
|
825 Give file name, status, current line number and relative position -- all
|
|
|
826 user levels.
|
|
|
827 @item C-l
|
|
|
828 Refresh the screen.
|
|
|
829 @item <count> C-e
|
|
|
830 Expose <count> more lines at bottom, cursor stays put (if possible).
|
|
|
831 @item <count> C-y
|
|
|
832 Expose <count> more lines at top, cursor stays put (if possible).
|
|
|
833 @item <count> C-d
|
|
|
834 Scroll <count> lines downward (default the number of the previous scroll;
|
|
|
835 initialization: half a page).
|
|
|
836 @item <count> C-u
|
|
|
837 Scroll <count> lines upward (default the number of the previous scroll;
|
|
|
838 initialization: half a page).
|
|
|
839 @item <count> C-f
|
|
|
840 <count> pages forward.
|
|
|
841 @item <count> C-b
|
|
|
842 <count> pages backward (in older versions @kbd{C-b} only works without count).
|
|
|
843 @item <count> z<cr>
|
|
|
844 @item zH
|
|
|
845 Put line <count> at the top of the window (default the current line).
|
|
|
846 @item <count> z-
|
|
|
847 @item zL
|
|
|
848 Put line <count> at the bottom of the window
|
|
|
849 (default the current line).
|
|
|
850 @item <count> z.
|
|
|
851 @item zM
|
|
|
852 Put line <count> in the center of the window
|
|
|
853 (default the current line).
|
|
|
854 @end table
|
|
|
855 @kindex @kbd{zM}
|
|
|
856 @kindex @kbd{zL}
|
|
|
857 @kindex @kbd{zH}
|
|
|
858 @kindex @kbd{z<cr>}
|
|
|
859 @kindex @kbd{z.}
|
|
|
860 @kindex @kbd{z-}
|
|
|
861 @kindex @kbd{z<cr>}
|
|
|
862 @kindex @kbd{C-b}
|
|
|
863 @kindex @kbd{C-f}
|
|
|
864 @kindex @kbd{C-u}
|
|
|
865 @kindex @kbd{C-d}
|
|
|
866 @kindex @kbd{C-y}
|
|
|
867 @kindex @kbd{C-e}
|
|
|
868 @kindex @kbd{C-l}
|
|
|
869 @kindex @kbd{C-g}
|
|
|
870
|
|
|
871
|
|
|
872 @node File and Buffer Handling, Mapping, Display,Commands
|
|
|
873 @section File and Buffer Handling
|
|
|
874
|
|
|
875 @cindex multiple files
|
|
|
876
|
|
|
877 In all file handling commands, space should be typed before entering the file
|
|
|
878 name. If you need to type a modifier, such as @kbd{>>} or @kbd{!}, don't
|
|
|
879 put any space between the command and the modifier.
|
|
|
880
|
|
|
881 @table @kbd
|
|
|
882 @item :q
|
|
|
883 Quit buffer except if modified.
|
|
|
884 @item :q!
|
|
|
885 Quit buffer without checking. In Viper, these two commands
|
|
|
886 are identical. Confirmation is required if exiting modified buffers that
|
|
|
887 visit files.
|
|
|
888 @item :susp
|
|
|
889 @item :stop
|
|
|
890 Suspend Viper
|
|
|
891 @item :[x,y] w
|
|
|
892 Write the file. Viper nakes sure that a final newline is always added to
|
|
|
893 any file where this newline is missing. This is done by setting Emacs
|
|
|
894 variable @code{require-final-newline} to @code{t}. If you don't like this
|
|
|
895 feature, use @code{setq-default} to set @code{require-final-newline} to
|
|
|
896 @code{nil}. This must be done either in @file{.vip} file or in
|
|
|
897 @code{.emacs} after Viper is loaded.
|
|
|
898 @item :[x,y] w <name>
|
|
|
899 Write to the file <name>.
|
|
|
900 @item :[x,y] w>> <name>
|
|
|
901 Append the buffer to the file <name>. There should be no space between
|
|
|
902 @kbd{w} and @kbd{>>}. Type space after the @kbd{>>} and see what happens.
|
|
|
903 @item :w! <name>
|
|
|
904 Overwrite the file <name>. In Viper, @kbd{:w} and @kbd{:w!} are identical.
|
|
|
905 Confirmation is required for writing to an existing file (if this is not
|
|
|
906 the file the buffer is visiting) or to a read-only file.
|
|
|
907 @item :x,y w <name>
|
|
|
908 Write lines x through y to the file <name>.
|
|
|
909 @item :wq
|
|
|
910 Write the file and kill buffer.
|
|
|
911 @item :r <file> [<file> ...]
|
|
|
912 Read file into a buffer, inserting its contents after the current line.
|
|
|
913 @item :xit
|
|
|
914 Same as @kbd{:wq}.
|
|
|
915 @item :W
|
|
|
916 Save unsaved buffers, asking for confirmation.
|
|
|
917 @item :WW
|
|
|
918 Like @kbd{W}, but without asking for confirmation.
|
|
|
919 @item ZZ
|
|
|
920 Save current buffer and kill it. If user level is 1, then save all files
|
|
|
921 and kill Emacs. Killing Emacs is the wrong way to use it, so you should
|
|
|
922 switch to higher user levels as soon as possible.
|
|
|
923 @item :x [<file>]
|
|
|
924 Save and kill buffer.
|
|
|
925 @item :x! [<file>]
|
|
|
926 @kbd{:w![<file>]} and @kbd{:q}.
|
|
|
927 @item :pre
|
|
|
928 Preserve the file -- autosave buffers.
|
|
|
929 @item :rec
|
|
|
930 Recover file from autosave.
|
|
|
931 @item :f
|
|
|
932 Print file name and lines.
|
|
|
933 @item :cd [<dir>]
|
|
|
934 Set the working directory to <dir> (default home directory).
|
|
|
935 @item :pwd
|
|
|
936 Print present working directory.
|
|
|
937 @item :e [+<cmd>] <files>
|
|
|
938 Edit files. If no filename is given, edit the file visited by the current
|
|
|
939 buffer. If buffer was modified or the file changed on disk, ask for
|
|
|
940 confirmation. Unlike Vi, Viper allows @kbd{:e} to take multiple arguments.
|
|
|
941 The first file is edited the same way as in Vi. The rest are visited
|
|
|
942 in the usual Emacs way.
|
|
|
943 @item :e! [+<cmd>] <files>
|
|
|
944 Re-edit file. If no filename, reedit current file.
|
|
|
945 In Viper, unlike Vi, @kbd{e!} is identical to @kbd{:e}. In both cases, the
|
|
|
946 user is asked to confirm if there is a danger of discarding changes to a
|
|
|
947 buffer.
|
|
|
948 @item :q!
|
|
|
949 Quit Vi without writing.
|
|
|
950 @item C-^
|
|
|
951 Edit the alternate (normally the previous) file.
|
|
|
952 @item :rew
|
|
|
953 Obsolete
|
|
|
954 @item :args
|
|
|
955 List files not shown anywhere with counts for next
|
|
|
956 @item :n [count] [+<cmd>] [<files>]
|
|
|
957 Edit <count> file, or edit files. The count comes from :args.
|
|
|
958 @item :N [count] [+<cmd>] [<files>]
|
|
|
959 Like @kbd{:n}, but the meaning of the variable
|
|
|
960 @var{ex-cycle-other-window} is reversed.
|
|
|
961 @item :b
|
|
|
962 Switch to another buffer. If @var{ex-cycle-other-window} is @code{t},
|
|
|
963 switch in another window. Buffer completion is supported.
|
|
|
964 @item :B
|
|
|
965 Like @kbd{:b}, but the meaning of @var{ex-cycle-other-window} is reversed.
|
|
|
966 @item :<address>r <name>
|
|
|
967 Read the file <name> into the buffer after the line <address>.
|
|
|
968 @item v, V, C-v
|
|
|
969 Edit a file in current or another window, or in another frame. File name
|
|
|
970 is typed in Minibuffer. File completion and history are supported.
|
|
|
971 @end table
|
|
|
972 @kindex @kbd{v}
|
|
|
973 @kindex @kbd{V}
|
|
|
974 @findex @kbd{:args}
|
|
|
975 @findex @kbd{:rew}
|
|
|
976 @kindex @kbd{C-^}
|
|
|
977 @findex @kbd{:e! [<files>]}
|
|
|
978 @findex @kbd{:e [<files>]}
|
|
|
979 @findex @kbd{:edit [<files>]}
|
|
|
980 @findex @kbd{:edit! [<files>]}
|
|
|
981 @findex @kbd{:q!}
|
|
|
982 @findex @kbd{:q}
|
|
|
983 @findex @kbd{:quit}
|
|
|
984 @findex @kbd{:quit!}
|
|
|
985 @findex @kbd{:f}
|
|
|
986 @findex @kbd{:rec}
|
|
|
987 @findex @kbd{:r}
|
|
|
988 @findex @kbd{:read}
|
|
|
989 @findex @kbd{:pre}
|
|
|
990 @kindex @kbd{ZZ}
|
|
|
991 @findex @kbd{:wq}
|
|
|
992 @findex @kbd{:w <file>}
|
|
|
993 @findex @kbd{:w! <file>}
|
|
|
994 @findex @kbd{:w >> <file>}
|
|
|
995 @findex @kbd{:write <file>}
|
|
|
996 @findex @kbd{:write! <file>}
|
|
|
997 @findex @kbd{:write >> <file>}
|
|
|
998 @findex @kbd{:W}
|
|
|
999 @findex @kbd{:WW}
|
|
|
1000 @findex @kbd{:Write}
|
|
|
1001 @findex @kbd{:WWrite}
|
|
|
1002 @findex @kbd{:WWrite}
|
|
|
1003 @findex @kbd{:x}
|
|
|
1004 @findex @kbd{:x!}
|
|
|
1005 @findex @kbd{:susp}
|
|
|
1006 @findex @kbd{:stop}
|
|
|
1007 @findex @kbd{:n [<count> | <file>]}
|
|
|
1008 @findex @kbd{:cd [<dir>]}
|
|
|
1009 @findex @kbd{:pwd}
|
|
|
1010
|
|
|
1011 @node Mapping, Shell Commands, File and Buffer Handling, Commands
|
|
|
1012 @section Mapping
|
|
|
1013
|
|
|
1014 @cindex keybindings
|
|
|
1015 @cindex keymapping
|
|
|
1016
|
|
|
1017 @table @kbd
|
|
|
1018 @item :map <string>
|
|
|
1019 Start defining a Vi-style keyboard macro.
|
|
|
1020 For instance, typing
|
|
|
1021 @kbd{:map www} followed by @kbd{:!wc %} and then typing @kbd{C-x )}
|
|
|
1022 will cause @kbd{www} to run wc on
|
|
|
1023 current file (Vi replaces @samp{%} with the current file name).
|
|
|
1024 @item C-x )
|
|
|
1025 Finish defining a keyboard macro.
|
|
|
1026 In Viper, this command completes the process of defining all keyboard
|
|
|
1027 macros, whether they are Emacs-style or Vi-style.
|
|
|
1028 This is a departure from Vi, needed to allow WYSIWYG mapping of
|
|
|
1029 keyboard macros and to permit the use of function keys and arbitrary Emacs
|
|
|
1030 functions in the macros.
|
|
|
1031 @item :unmap <string>
|
|
|
1032 Deprive <string> of its mappings in Vi state.
|
|
|
1033 @item :map! <string>
|
|
|
1034 Map a macro for Insert state.
|
|
|
1035 @item :unmap! <string>
|
|
|
1036 Deprive <string> of its mapping in Insert state (see @kbd{:unmap}).
|
|
|
1037 @item @@<a-z>
|
|
|
1038 In Vi state,
|
|
|
1039 execute the contents of register as a command.
|
|
|
1040 @item @@@@
|
|
|
1041 In Vi state,
|
|
|
1042 repeat last register command.
|
|
|
1043 @item @@#
|
|
|
1044 In Vi state,
|
|
|
1045 begin keyboard macro. End with @@<a-z>. This will
|
|
|
1046 put the macro in the proper register. Register will
|
|
|
1047 be automatically downcased.
|
|
|
1048 @xref{Macros and Registers}, for more info.
|
|
|
1049 @item @@!<a-z>
|
|
|
1050 In Vi state,
|
|
|
1051 yank anonymous macro to register
|
|
|
1052 @item *
|
|
|
1053 In Vi state,
|
|
|
1054 execute anonymous macro (defined by C-x( and C-x )).
|
|
|
1055 @item C-x e
|
|
|
1056 Like @kbd{*}, but works in all Viper states.
|
|
|
1057 @item #g<move>
|
|
|
1058 Execute the last keyboard macro for each line in the region.
|
|
|
1059 @xref{Macros and Registers}, for more info.
|
|
|
1060 @item [<a-z>
|
|
|
1061 Show contents of textmarker.
|
|
|
1062 @item ]<a-z>
|
|
|
1063 Show contents of register.
|
|
|
1064 @end table
|
|
|
1065 @kindex @kbd{]<a-z>}
|
|
|
1066 @kindex @kbd{[<a-z>}
|
|
|
1067 @kindex @kbd{#g<move>}
|
|
|
1068 @kindex @kbd{*}
|
|
|
1069 @kindex @kbd{@@!<a-z>}
|
|
|
1070 @kindex @kbd{@@#}
|
|
|
1071 @kindex @kbd{@@@@}
|
|
|
1072 @kindex @kbd{@@<a-z>}
|
|
|
1073 @findex @kbd{:unmap <char>}
|
|
|
1074 @findex @kbd{:map <char> <seq>}
|
|
|
1075 @findex @kbd{:unmap! <char>}
|
|
|
1076 @findex @kbd{:map! <char> <seq>}
|
|
|
1077
|
|
|
1078 @node Shell Commands, Options, Mapping, Commands
|
|
|
1079 @section Shell Commands
|
|
|
1080
|
|
|
1081 @cindex % (Current file)
|
|
|
1082
|
|
|
1083 Note that % is used in Ex commands to mean current file. If you want a %
|
|
|
1084 in your command, it must be escaped as @samp{\%}.
|
|
|
1085 @cindex % (Ex address)
|
|
|
1086 However if % is the
|
|
|
1087 first character, it stands as the address for the whole file.
|
|
|
1088 @cindex # (Previous file)
|
|
|
1089 Similarly, @samp{#} expands to the previous file. The previous file is
|
|
|
1090 the first file in @kbd{:args} listing. This defaults
|
|
|
1091 to the previous file in the VI sense if you have one window.@refill
|
|
|
1092
|
|
|
1093 @cindex shell commands
|
|
|
1094
|
|
|
1095 @table @kbd
|
|
|
1096 @item :sh
|
|
|
1097 Execute a subshell in another window
|
|
|
1098 @item :[x,y]!<cmd>
|
|
|
1099 Execute a shell <cmd> [on lines x through y;
|
|
|
1100 % is replace by current file, \% is changed to %
|
|
|
1101 @item :[x,y]!! [<args>]
|
|
|
1102 Repeat last shell command [and append <args>].
|
|
|
1103 @item :!<cmd>
|
|
|
1104 Just execute command and display result in a buffer.
|
|
|
1105 @item :!! <args>
|
|
|
1106 Repeat last shell command and append <args>
|
|
|
1107 @item <count> !<move><cmd>
|
|
|
1108 The shell executes <cmd>, with standard
|
|
|
1109 input the lines described by <count><move>,
|
|
|
1110 next the standard output replaces those lines
|
|
|
1111 (think of @samp{cb}, @samp{sort}, @samp{nroff}, etc.).
|
|
|
1112 @item <count> !!<cmd>
|
|
|
1113 Give <count> lines as standard input to the
|
|
|
1114 shell <cmd>, next let the standard output
|
|
|
1115 replace those lines.
|
|
|
1116 @item :[x,y] w !<cmd>
|
|
|
1117 Let lines x to y be standard input for <cmd>
|
|
|
1118 (notice the <sp> between @kbd{w} and @kbd{!}).
|
|
|
1119 @item :<address>r !<cmd>
|
|
|
1120 Put the output of <cmd> after the line <address> (default current).
|
|
|
1121 @item :<address>r <name>
|
|
|
1122 Read the file <name> into the buffer after the line <address> (default
|
|
|
1123 current).
|
|
|
1124 @end table
|
|
|
1125 @findex @kbd{:<address>r <name>}
|
|
|
1126 @findex @kbd{:<address>r !<cmd>}
|
|
|
1127 @findex @kbd{!<cmd>}
|
|
|
1128 @findex @kbd{!!<cmd>}
|
|
|
1129 @findex @kbd{!<move><cmd>}
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|
1130 @findex @kbd{:w !<cmd>}
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|
1131 @findex @kbd{:x,y w !<cmd>}
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|
1132 @findex @kbd{:!! <args>}
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|
1133 @findex @kbd{:!<cmd>}
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|
1134 @findex @kbd{:sh}
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1135
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1136 @node Options,Emacs Related Commands,Shell Commands,Commands
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|
1137 @section Options
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1138
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1139 @cindex Vi options
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1140
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1141 @table @kbd
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|
1142 @item ai
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|
1143 @cindex autoindent
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1144 autoindent -- In append mode after a <cr> the
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|
|
1145 cursor will move directly below the first
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1146 CHAR on the previous line.
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|
1147 @item ic
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|
1148 @cindex case and searching
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|
1149 ignorecase -- No distinction between upper and
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|
1150 lower cases when searching.
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|
1151 @item magic
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|
1152 @cindex literal searching
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|
1153 Regular expressions used in searches; nomagic means no regexps.
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|
1154 @item ro
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|
1155 @cindex readonly files
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|
1156 readonly -- The file is not to be changed.
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|
1157 If the user attempts to write to this file, confirmation will be requested.
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|
|
1158 @item sh=<string>
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|
|
1159 @cindex shell
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|
|
1160 shell -- The program to be used for shell escapes
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|
|
1161 (default @samp{$SHELL} (default @file{/bin/sh})).
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|
|
1162 @item sw=<count>
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|
|
1163 @cindex layout
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|
1164 @cindex shifting text
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|
|
1165 shiftwidth -- Gives the shiftwidth (default 8 positions).
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|
1166 @item sm
|
|
|
1167 @cindex paren matching
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|
|
1168 @cindex matching parens
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|
|
1169 showmatch -- Whenever you append a @kbd{)}, Vi shows
|
|
|
1170 its match if it's on the same page; also with
|
|
|
1171 @kbd{@{} and @kbd{@}}. If there's no match, Vi will beep.
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|
|
1172 @item ts=<count>
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|
|
1173 @cindex changing tab width
|
|
|
1174 @cindex tabbing
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|
|
1175 tabstop -- The length of a <ht>; warning: this is
|
|
|
1176 only IN the editor, outside of it <ht>s have
|
|
|
1177 their normal length (default 8 positions).
|
|
|
1178 @item wm=<count>
|
|
|
1179 @cindex auto fill
|
|
|
1180 @cindex word wrap
|
|
|
1181 wrapmargin -- In append mode Vi automatically
|
|
|
1182 puts a <lf> whenever there is a <sp> or <ht>
|
|
|
1183 within <wm> columns from the right margin.
|
|
|
1184 @item ws
|
|
|
1185 @cindex searching
|
|
|
1186 wrapscan -- When searching, the end is
|
|
|
1187 considered @samp{stuck} to the begin of the file.
|
|
|
1188 @item :set <option>
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|
|
1189 Turn <option> on.
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|
|
1190 @item :set no<option>
|
|
|
1191 Turn <option> off.
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|
|
1192 @item :set <option>=<value>
|
|
|
1193 Set <option> to <value>.
|
|
|
1194 @end table
|
|
|
1195 @findex @kbd{:set <option>=<value>}
|
|
|
1196 @findex @kbd{:set no<option>}
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|
|
1197 @findex @kbd{:set <option>}
|
|
|
1198 @findex @kbd{:set ws}
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|
|
1199 @findex @kbd{:set wrapscan}
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|
|
1200 @findex @kbd{:set wm=<count>}
|
|
|
1201 @findex @kbd{:set wrapmargin=<count>}
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|
|
1202 @findex @kbd{:set ts=<count>}
|
|
|
1203 @findex @kbd{:set tabstop=<count>}
|
|
|
1204 @findex @kbd{:set tab-stop-local=<count>}
|
|
|
1205 @findex @kbd{:set sm}
|
|
|
1206 @findex @kbd{:set showmatch}
|
|
|
1207 @findex @kbd{:set sw=<count>}
|
|
|
1208 @findex @kbd{:set shiftwidth=<count>}
|
|
|
1209 @findex @kbd{:set sh=<string>}
|
|
|
1210 @findex @kbd{:set shell=<string>}
|
|
|
1211 @findex @kbd{:set ro}
|
|
|
1212 @findex @kbd{:set readonly}
|
|
|
1213 @findex @kbd{:set magic}
|
|
|
1214 @findex @kbd{:set ic}
|
|
|
1215 @findex @kbd{:set ignorecase}
|
|
|
1216 @findex @kbd{:set ai}
|
|
|
1217 @findex @kbd{:set autoindent}
|
|
|
1218
|
|
|
1219 @node Emacs Related Commands,,Options,Commands
|
|
|
1220 @section Emacs Related Commands
|
|
|
1221
|
|
|
1222 @table @kbd
|
|
|
1223 @item _
|
|
|
1224 Begin Meta command in Vi state. Most often used as _x (M-x).
|
|
|
1225 @item C-z
|
|
|
1226 Begin Meta command in Insert state.
|
|
|
1227 @item C-z
|
|
|
1228 Switch between Emacs and Vi states.
|
|
|
1229 @item C-x0
|
|
|
1230 Close Window
|
|
|
1231 @item C-x1
|
|
|
1232 Close Other Windows
|
|
|
1233 @item C-x2
|
|
|
1234 Split Window
|
|
|
1235 @item C-xo
|
|
|
1236 Move among windows
|
|
|
1237 @item C-xC-f
|
|
|
1238 Emacs find-file, useful in Insert state
|
|
|
1239 @item C-y
|
|
|
1240 Put back the last killed text. Similar to Vi's @kbd{p}, but also works in
|
|
|
1241 Insert and Replace state. This command doesn't work in Vi command state,
|
|
|
1242 since this binding is taken for something else.
|
|
|
1243 @item M-y
|
|
|
1244 Undoes the last @kbd{C-y} and puts another kill from the kill ring.
|
|
|
1245 Using this command, you can try may different kills until you find the one
|
|
|
1246 you need.
|
|
|
1247 @end table
|
|
|
1248 @kindex @kbd{M-y}
|
|
|
1249 @kindex @kbd{C-y}
|
|
|
1250 @kindex @kbd{C-xC-f}
|
|
|
1251 @kindex @kbd{C-xo}
|
|
|
1252 @kindex @kbd{C-x2}
|
|
|
1253 @kindex @kbd{C-x1}
|
|
|
1254 @kindex @kbd{C-x0}
|
|
|
1255 @kindex @kbd{C-z}
|
|
|
1256 @kindex @kbd{C-z}
|
|
|
1257 @kindex @kbd{_}
|
|
|
1258
|
|
|
1259 @node Mouse-bound Commands,,,Commands
|
|
|
1260 @section Mouse-bound Commands
|
|
|
1261
|
|
12
|
1262 The following two mouse actions are normally bound to to special search and
|
|
|
1263 insert commands in of Viper:
|
|
0
|
1264
|
|
|
1265 @table @kbd
|
|
|
1266 @item S-mouse-1 (Emacs)
|
|
|
1267 @item meta button1up (XEmacs)
|
|
|
1268 Holding Shift (or Meta, if XEmacs) and clicking mouse button 1 will
|
|
|
1269 initiate search for
|
|
|
1270 a region under the mouse pointer.
|
|
|
1271 This command can take a prefix argument. Note: Viper sets this
|
|
|
1272 binding only if this mouse action is not
|
|
|
1273 already bound to something else.
|
|
|
1274 @xref{Viper Specials}, for more information.@refill
|
|
|
1275
|
|
|
1276 @item S-mouse-2 (Emacs)
|
|
|
1277 @item meta button2up (XEmacs)
|
|
|
1278 Holding Shift (or Meta, if XEmacs) and clicking button 2 of the mouse will
|
|
|
1279 insert a region surrounding the mouse pointer.
|
|
|
1280 This command can also take a prefix argument.
|
|
|
1281 Note: Viper sets this binding only if this mouse action is not
|
|
|
1282 already bound to something else.
|
|
|
1283 @xref{Viper Specials}, for more details.@refill
|
|
|
1284 @end table
|
|
|
1285 @kindex @kbd{S-mouse-1}
|
|
|
1286 @kindex @kbd{S-mouse-2}
|
|
|
1287 @kindex @kbd{meta button1up}
|
|
|
1288 @kindex @kbd{meta button2up}
|
