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1 -*- mode:outline -*-
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2
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3 * Introduction
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4 ==============
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5
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6 This file presents some general information about XEmacs. It is primarily
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7 about the evolution of XEmacs and its release history.
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8
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9 There are three sections.
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10
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11 Introduction................(this section) provides an introduction
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12
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13 Using Outline Mode..........briefly explains how to use outline mode
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14
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15 XEmacs Release Notes........details of the changes between releases
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16
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17 New users should look at the next section on "Using Outline Mode". You will
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18 be more efficient when you can navigate quickly through this file. Users
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19 interested in some of the details of how XEmacs differs from GNU Emacs
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20 should read the section "What's Different?".
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21
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22 Users who would like to know which capabilities have been introduced
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23 in each release should look at the appropriate subsection of the
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24 "XEmacs Release Notes." Starting with version 20.0, XEmacs includes
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25 ChangeLogs, which can be consulted for a more detailed list of
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26 changes.
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27
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28 N.B. The term "FSF GNU Emacs" refers to any release of Emacs Version 19
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29 from the Free Software Foundation's GNU Project. (We do not say just
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30 "GNU Emacs" because Richard M. Stallman ["RMS"] thinks that this term
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31 is too generic; although we sometimes say e.g. "GNU Emacs 19.30" to refer
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32 to a specific version of FSF GNU Emacs. We do not say merely "Emacs", as
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33 RMS prefers, because that is clearly an even more generic term.) The term
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34 "XEmacs" refers to this program or to its predecessors "Era" and
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35 "Lucid Emacs". The predecessor of all these program is called "Emacs 18".
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36 When no particular version is implied, "Emacs" will be used.
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37
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38
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39 * Using Outline Mode
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40 ====================
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41
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42 This file is in outline mode, a major mode for viewing (or editing)
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43 outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily invisible so
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44 that you can see just the overall structure of the outline.
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45
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46 There are two ways of using outline mode: with keys or with menus. Using
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47 outline mode with menus is the simplest and is just as effective as using
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48 keystrokes. There are menus for outline mode on the menubar as well as in
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49 popup menus activated by pressing mouse button 3.
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50
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51 Experiment with the menu commands. Menu items under "Headings" allow
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52 you to navigate from heading to heading. Menu items under "Show" make
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53 visible portions of the outline while menu items under "Hide" do the
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54 opposite.
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55
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56 A special minor mode called "outl-mouse" has been automatically enabled. In
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57 this minor mode, glyphs appear which, when clicked on, will alternately hide
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58 or show sections of the outline.
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59
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60 You may at any time press `C-h m' to get a listing of the outline mode key
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61 bindings. They are reproduced here:
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62
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63 Commands:
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64 C-c C-n outline-next-visible-heading move by visible headings
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65 C-c C-p outline-previous-visible-heading
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66 C-c C-f outline-forward-same-level similar but skip subheadings
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67 C-c C-b outline-backward-same-level
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68 C-c C-u outline-up-heading move from subheading to heading
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69
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70 C-c C-t make all text invisible (not headings).
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71 M-x show-all make everything in buffer visible.
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72
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73 The remaining commands are used when point is on a heading line.
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74 They apply to some of the body or subheadings of that heading.
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75 C-c C-d hide-subtree make body and subheadings invisible.
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76 C-c C-s show-subtree make body and subheadings visible.
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77 C-c tab show-children make direct subheadings visible.
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78 No effect on body, or subheadings 2 or more levels down.
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79 With arg N, affects subheadings N levels down.
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80 C-c C-c make immediately following body invisible.
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81 C-c C-e make it visible.
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82 C-c C-l make body under heading and under its subheadings invisible.
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83 The subheadings remain visible.
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84 C-c C-k make all subheadings at all levels visible.
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85
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86
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87 XEmacs Release Notes
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88 ====================
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89
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90 * Future Plans for XEmacs
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91 ==========================
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92
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126
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93 ** XEmacs will be unbundled into constituent installable packages.
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94
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95 The XEmacs distribution has grown very large. We plan the future
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96 distribution to contain a much smaller amount of code for basic
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97 functionality, with all the popular Lisp packages being available in
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98 the form of easy-to-install add-ons.
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99
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100 ** Autoconf 2 will be supported, to make XEmacs a more behaved
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101 denizen of the free software community.
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102
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103 ** We are working on improving the Mule support in future releases:
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104
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105 *** Other input methods, such as skk, will be supported.
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106
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107 *** Wnn support will be made more solid.
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108
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109 *** More user-level documentation on using Mule.
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110
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111
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112 * Changes in XEmacs 20.1
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113 ========================
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114
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115 ** The logo has been changed, and the default background color is
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116 now a shade of gray instead of the eye-burning white.
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117
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118 The sample .Xdefaults and .emacs files contain examples of how to
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119 revert to the old background color.
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120
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121 ** Default modeline colors are now less of a color-salad.
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122
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123 ** The command `display-time' now draws a pretty image in the modeline
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124 when new mail arrives. It also supports balloon-help messages.
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125
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126 ** Various commands that were previously disabled are now enabled, like
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127 eval-expression (`M-:') and upcase-region (`C-x C-u')/downcase-region
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128 (`C-x C-l').
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129
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130 ** Numerous causes of crashes have been fixed. XEmacs should now be
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131 even more stable than before.
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132
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133 ** The XEmacs build process has been changed to make site
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134 administration easier. See lisp/site-load.el for details.
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135
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136 ** It is now possible to customize the functions called by XEmacs toolbar.
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137
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138 Type `M-x customize RET toolbar RET' to customize it. Customizations
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139 include the choice of functions for the buttons to invoke, as well as
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140 a wide choice of mailers and newsreaders to invoked by the respective
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141 functions.
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142
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143 ** `temp-buffer-shrink-to-fit' now defaults to nil.
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144
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145 There are unresolved issues regarding this feature, which is why the
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146 XEmacs developers decided to disable it by default.
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147
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148 ** `ps-print-color-p' now defaults to nil.
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149
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150 This is because the new default background color is non-white. The
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151 `Printing Options' in the `Options' menu now include an item that
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152 enables color printing, and sets the white background.
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153
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154 ** `line-number-mode' should be used to get line numbers in the
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155 modeline, and `column-number-mode' to get column numbers. Line
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156 numbers now number from 1 by default.
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157
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158 ** font-lock-mode will now correctly fontify `int a, b, c;'
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159 expressions in C mode.
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160
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161 ** The blinking cursor is always "on" during movement.
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162
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163 ** A number of new packages are added, and many packages were
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164 updated.
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165
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166 ** Gnus-5.4.45, courtesy of Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen
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167
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168 *** nntp.el has been totally rewritten in an asynchronous fashion.
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169
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170 *** Article prefetching functionality has been moved up into
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171 Gnus.
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172
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126
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173 *** Scoring can now be performed with logical operators like
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174 `and', `or', `not', and parent redirection.
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175
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176 *** Article washing status can be displayed in the
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177 article mode line.
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178
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126
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179 *** gnus.el has been split into many smaller files.
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180
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181 *** Suppression of duplicate articles based on Message-ID.
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124
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182
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183 (setq gnus-suppress-duplicates t)
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184
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126
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185 *** New variables for specifying what score and adapt files
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186 are to be considered home score and adapt files. See
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187 `gnus-home-score-file' and `gnus-home-adapt-files'.
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188
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126
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189 *** Groups can inherit group parameters from parent topics.
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190
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191 *** Article editing has been revamped and is now usable.
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192
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193 *** Signatures can be recognized in more intelligent fashions.
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124
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194 See `gnus-signature-separator' and `gnus-signature-limit'.
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195
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126
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196 *** Summary pick mode has been made to look more nn-like.
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124
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197 Line numbers are displayed and the `.' command can be
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198 used to pick articles.
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199
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126
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200 *** Commands for moving the .newsrc.eld from one server to
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201 another have been added.
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202
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203 `M-x gnus-change-server'
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204
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126
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205 *** A way to specify that "uninteresting" fields be suppressed when
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206 generating lines in buffers.
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207
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126
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208 *** Several commands in the group buffer can be undone with
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209 `M-C-_'.
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210
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126
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211 *** Scoring can be done on words using the new score type `w'.
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212
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213 *** Adaptive scoring can be done on a Subject word-by-word basis:
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124
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214
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215 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring '(word))
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216
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126
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217 *** Scores can be decayed.
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218
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219 (setq gnus-decay-scores t)
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220
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126
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221 *** Scoring can be performed using a regexp on the Date header. The
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124
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222 Date is normalized to compact ISO 8601 format first.
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223
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224 *** A new command has been added to remove all data on articles from
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225 the native server.
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226
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227 `M-x gnus-group-clear-data-on-native-groups'
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228
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126
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229 *** A new command for reading collections of documents
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124
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230 (nndoc with nnvirtual on top) has been added -- `M-C-d'.
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231
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126
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232 *** Process mark sets can be pushed and popped.
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233
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234 *** A new mail-to-news backend makes it possible to post
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235 even when the NNTP server doesn't allow posting.
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236
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126
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237 *** A new backend for reading searches from Web search engines
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124
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238 (DejaNews, Alta Vista, InReference) has been added.
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239
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240 Use the `G w' command in the group buffer to create such
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241 a group.
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242
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126
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243 *** Groups inside topics can now be sorted using the standard
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244 sorting functions, and each topic can be sorted independently.
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245
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246 See the commands under the `T S' submap.
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247
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126
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248 *** Subsets of the groups can be sorted independently.
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124
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249
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250 See the commands under the `G P' submap.
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251
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126
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252 *** Cached articles can be pulled into the groups.
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124
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253
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254 Use the `Y c' command.
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255
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126
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256 *** Score files are now applied in a more reliable order.
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257
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258 *** Reports on where mail messages end up can be generated.
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124
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259
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260 `M-x nnmail-split-history'
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261
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126
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262 *** More hooks and functions have been added to remove junk
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263 from incoming mail before saving the mail.
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264
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265 See `nnmail-prepare-incoming-header-hook'.
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266
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126
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267 *** The nnml mail backend now understands compressed article files.
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268
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269 ** Custom 1.84, courtesy of Per Abrahamsen
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124
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270
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271 The Customize library enables Emacs Lisp programmers to specify types
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126
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272 of their variables, so that the users can customize them.
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273
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274 Invoke the customizations buffer using the menus (Customize is at the
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275 top of the Options menu), or using commands `M-x customize',
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276 `M-x customize-variable' and `M-x customize-face'. Customize can save
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277 the changed settings to your `.emacs' file.
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278
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279 Customize is now the preferred way to change XEmacs settings. Tens of
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280 packages have been converted to take advantage of the Customize
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281 features, including Gnus, Message, Supercite, Psgml, Comint, W3,
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282 cc-mode (and many other programming language modes), ispell.el,
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283 ps-print.el, id-select.el, most of the programming language modes, and
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284 many many more.
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285
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286 See the "Lisp Changes" section later for a short description of why
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287 and how to add custom support to your Lisp packages. Custom is also
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288 documented in the XEmacs info manuals.
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289
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290 ** W3-3.0.80, courtesy of William Perry
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291
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292 Version 3 of Emacs/W3, the Emacs World Wide Web browser, has been
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293 included. It is significantly faster than any of the previous
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294 versions, and contains numerous new features.
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295
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296 ** AUCTeX-9.7k, courtesy of Per Abrahamsen
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297
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298 AUC TeX is a comprehensive customizable integrated environment for
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299 writing input files for LaTeX using GNU Emacs.
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300
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301 AUC TeX lets you run TeX/LaTeX and other LaTeX-related tools, such as
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302 a output filters or post processor from inside Emacs. Especially
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303 `running LaTeX' is interesting, as AUC TeX lets you browse through the
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304 errors TeX reported, while it moves the cursor directly to the
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305 reported error, and displays some documentation for that particular
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306 error. This will even work when the document is spread over several
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307 files.
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308
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309 AUC TeX automatically indents your `LaTeX-source', not only as you
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310 write it -- you can also let it indent and format an entire document.
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311 It has a special outline feature, which can greatly help you `getting
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312 an overview' of a document.
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313
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314 Apart from these special features, AUC TeX provides an large range of
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315 handy Emacs macros, which in several different ways can help you write
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316 your LaTeX documents fast and painless.
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317
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318 ** redo.el-1.01, courtesy of Kyle Jones
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319
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320 redo.el is a package that implements true redo mechanism in XEmacs
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321 buffers. Once you load it from your `.emacs', you can bind the `redo'
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322 command to a convenient key to use it.
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323
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324 Emacs' normal undo system allows you to undo an arbitrary number of
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325 buffer changes. These undos are recorded as ordinary buffer changes
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326 themselves. So when you break the chain of undos by issuing some
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327 other command, you can then undo all the undos. The chain of recorded
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328 buffer modifications therefore grows without bound, truncated only at
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329 garbage collection time.
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330
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331 The redo/undo system is different in two ways:
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332
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333 *** The undo/redo command chain is only broken by a buffer modification.
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334
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335 You can move around the buffer or switch buffers and still come back
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336 and do more undos or redos.
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337
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338 *** The `redo' command rescinds the most recent undo without
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339 recording the change as a _new_ buffer change.
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340
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341 It completely reverses the effect of the undo, which includes making
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342 the chain of buffer modification records shorter by one, to counteract
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343 the effect of the undo command making the record list longer by one.
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344
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345 ** edmacro.el-3.09, courtesy of Dave Gillespie, ported to XEmacs by
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346 Hrvoje Niksic.
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347
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348 Edmacro is a utility that provides easy editing of keyboard macros.
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349 Originally written by Dave Gillespie, it has been mostly rewritten by
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350 Hrvoje Niksic, in order to make it distinguish characters and integer,
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351 as well as to adapt it to XEmacs keysyms.
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352
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353 Press `C-x C-k' to invoke the `edit-kbd-macro' command that lets you
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354 edit old as well as define new keyboard macros. You can also edit the
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355 last 100 keystrokes and insert them into a macro to be bound to a key
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356 or named as a command. The recorded/edited macros can be dumped to
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357 `.emacs' file.
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358
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359 ** xmine.el-1.7, courtesy of Jens Lautenbacher
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360
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361 XEmacs now includes a minesweeper game with a full-featured graphics
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362 and mouse interface. Invoke with `M-x xmine'.
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363
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364 ** efs-1.15 courtesy of Andy Norman and Michael Sperber
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365
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366 EFS is now integrated with XEmacs, and replaces the old ange-ftp. It
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367 has many more features, including info documentation, support for many
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368 different FTP servers, and integration with dired.
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369
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370 ** mic-paren.el-1.3.1, courtesy of Mikael Sjödin
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371 ** hyperbole-4.022, courtesy of Bob Weiner
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372 ** hm--html-menus-5.3, courtesy of Heiko Muenkel
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373 ** python-mode.el-2.90, courtesy of Barry Warsaw
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374 ** balloon-help-1.05, courtesy of Kyle Jones
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375 ** xrdb-mode.el-1.21, courtesy of Barry Warsaw
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376 ** igrep.el-2.56, courtesy of Kevin Rodgers
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377 ** frame-icon.el, courtesy of Michael Lamoureux and Bob Weiner
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378 ** itimer.el-1.05, courtesy of Kyle Jones
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379 ** VM-6.26, courtesy of Kyle Jones
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380 ** OO-Browser-2.10, courtesy of Bob Weiner
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381 ** viper-2.93, courtesy of Michael Kifer
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382 ** ediff-2.64, courtesy of Michael Kifer
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383 ** detached-minibuf-1.1, courtesy of Alvin Shelton
|
|
|
384 ** whitespace-mode.el, courtesy of Heiko Muenkel
|
|
|
385 ** winmgr-mode.el, courtesy of David Konerding, Stefan Strobel & Barry Warsaw
|
|
|
386 ** fast-lock.el-3.11.01, courtesy of Simon Marshall
|
|
|
387 ** lazy-lock.el-1.16, courtesy of Simon Marshall
|
|
|
388 ** browse-cltl2.el-1.1, courtesy of Holger Schauer
|
|
|
389 ** eldoc.el-1.10, courtesy of Noah Friedman
|
|
|
390 ** tm-7.105, courtesy of MORIOKA Tomohiko
|
|
|
391 ** verilog-mode.el, courtesy of Michael McNamara & Adrian Aichner
|
|
|
392 ** overlay.el, courtesy of Joseph Nuspl
|
|
|
393
|
|
|
394
|
|
|
395 * Lisp and internal changes in XEmacs 20.1
|
|
|
396 ==========================================
|
|
|
397
|
|
|
398 ** `defcustom' and `defgroup' can now be used to specify types and
|
|
|
399 placement of the user-settable variables.
|
|
|
400
|
|
|
401 You can now specify the types of user-settable variables in your Lisp
|
|
|
402 packages to be customized by users. To do so, use `defcustom' as a
|
|
|
403 replacement for `defvar'.
|
|
|
404
|
|
|
405 For example, the old declaration:
|
|
124
|
406
|
|
|
407 (defvar foo-blurgoze nil
|
|
|
408 "*non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely.")
|
|
|
409
|
|
126
|
410 can be rewritten as:
|
|
124
|
411
|
|
|
412 (defcustom foo-blurgoze nil
|
|
|
413 "*non-nil means that foo will act very blurgozely."
|
|
126
|
414 :type 'boolean
|
|
|
415 :group 'foo)
|
|
|
416
|
|
|
417 From a package writer's point of view, nothing has been changed
|
|
|
418 However, the user can now type `M-x customize RET foo-blurgoze RET' to
|
|
|
419 customize the variable.
|
|
|
420
|
|
|
421 Other, more complex data structures can be described with `defcustom'
|
|
|
422 too, for instance:
|
|
124
|
423
|
|
|
424 (defcustom foo-hairy-alist '((somekey . "somestring")
|
|
|
425 (otherkey . (foo-doit))
|
|
|
426 (thirdkey . [1 2 3]))
|
|
126
|
427 "*Alist describing the hairy options of the foo package.
|
|
124
|
428 The CAR of each element is a symbol, whereas the CDR can be either a
|
|
126
|
429 string, a form to evaluate, or a vector of integers.
|
|
|
430 New Emacs users simply adore alists like this one."
|
|
124
|
431 :type '(repeat (cons (symbol :tag "Key")
|
|
|
432 (choice string
|
|
|
433 (vector (repeat :inline t integer))
|
|
126
|
434 sexp)))
|
|
|
435 :group 'foo)
|
|
|
436
|
|
|
437 The user will be able to add and remove the entries to the list in a
|
|
|
438 visually appealing way, as well as save the settings to his/her
|
|
|
439 `.emacs'.
|
|
|
440
|
|
|
441 Note that `defcustom' will also be included in GNU Emacs 19.35, and
|
|
|
442 that both XEmacs and GNU Emacs will be using it in the future.
|
|
|
443 Although the user-interface of customize may change, the Lisp
|
|
|
444 interface will remain the same. This is why we recommend that you use
|
|
|
445 `defcustom' for user-settable variables in your new Lisp packages.
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
447 ** The `read-kbd-macro' function is now available.
|
|
|
448
|
|
|
449 The `read-kbd-macro' function (and its shorter-named equivalent `kbd')
|
|
|
450 from the edmacro package is now available in XEmacs. For example:
|
|
|
451
|
|
|
452 (define-key foo-mode-map (kbd "C-c <up>") 'foo-up)
|
|
|
453
|
|
|
454 is the equivalent of
|
|
|
455
|
|
|
456 (define-key foo-mode-map [(control ?c) up] 'foo-up)
|
|
|
457
|
|
|
458 Using `read-kbd-macro' and `kbd' is not necessary for GNU Emacs
|
|
|
459 compatibility (GNU Emacs supports the XEmacs-style keysyms), but adds
|
|
|
460 to clarity.
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
462 For example, (kbd "C-?") is easier to read than [(control ??)]. The
|
|
|
463 full description of the syntax of keybindings accepted by
|
|
|
464 `read-kbd-macro' is documented in the docstring of `edmacro-mode'.
|
|
|
465
|
|
|
466 ** Overlay compatibility is implemented.
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
468 The overlay support in XEmacs is now functional. Written by Joe
|
|
|
469 Nuspl, the overlay compatibility library overlay.el is implemented on
|
|
|
470 top of the native XEmacs extents, and can be used as a GNU
|
|
124
|
471 Emacs-compatible way of changing display properties.
|
|
|
472
|
|
126
|
473 ** You should use keysyms kp-* (kp-1, kp-2, ..., kp-enter etc.)
|
|
|
474 rather than the old form kp_*. The old form is retained for
|
|
|
475 backwards compatibility, but is obsolete. The new form is also
|
|
|
476 compatible with GNU Emacs.
|
|
|
477
|
|
|
478 ** The keysyms mouse-1, mouse-2, mouse-3 and down-mouse-1,
|
|
|
479 down-mouse-2, and down-mouse-3 have been added for GNU Emacs
|
|
|
480 compatibility.
|
|
|
481
|
|
|
482 ** A new user variable `signal-error-on-buffer-boundary' has been
|
|
|
483 added.
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
485 Set this to variable to nil to avoid XEmacs usual lossage of zmacs
|
|
|
486 region when moving up against a buffer boundary.
|
|
|
487
|
|
|
488 ** The `eval-after-load' and `eval-next-after-load' functions are
|
|
|
489 now available.
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
491 ** A bug that prevented `current-display-table' to be correctly set
|
|
|
492 with `set-specifier' has been fixed.
|
|
|
493
|
|
|
494 ** The bug in easymenu which prevented multiple menus from being
|
|
|
495 accessible through button3 has been fixed.
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
497 You can now safely use easymenu to define multiple menu entries in a
|
|
|
498 compatible way, with the added menus accessible via button3 as local
|
|
|
499 submenus.
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
501 ** Many bugs in the scrollbar code have been fixed.
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
503 ** First alpha level support of MS Windows NT is available, courtesy
|
|
|
504 of David Hobley.
|
|
|
505
|
|
|
506 ** Wnn/egg now has initial support Courtesy of Jareth Hein.
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
508 ** Some old non-working code has been removed until someone chooses
|
|
|
509 to work on it.
|
|
|
510
|
|
|
511 This includes much of the NeXTStep stuff. The VMS support is also
|
|
|
512 likely to be removed in the future.
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
514 ** Many files have been purged out of the etc/ directory.
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
516 If you still need the purged files, look for them in the GNU Emacs
|
|
|
517 distribution.
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
520 * Major Differences Between 19.14 and 20.0
|
|
|
521 ===========================================
|
|
88
|
522
|
|
|
523 XEmacs 20.0 is the first public release to have support for MULE
|
|
|
524 (Multi-Lingual Emacs). The --with-mule configuration flag must be
|
|
|
525 used to enable Mule support.
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
527 Many bugs have been fixed. An effort has been made to eradicate all
|
|
|
528 XEmacs crashes, although we are not quite done yet. The overall
|
|
|
529 quality of XEmacs should be higher than any previous release. XEmacs
|
|
|
530 now compiles with nary a warning with some compilers.
|
|
|
531
|
|
|
532 -- Multiple character sets can be displayed in a buffer. The file
|
|
|
533 mule-doc/demo in the distribution contains a greeting in many
|
|
|
534 different languages.
|
|
|
535
|
|
|
536 -- Although the Mule work is for all languages, particular effort has
|
|
|
537 been invested in Japanese, with particular focus on Japanese users
|
|
|
538 of Sun WorkShop. Many menubar labels have been translated into
|
|
90
|
539 Japanese. Martin Buchholz, the maintainer of MULE features within
|
|
|
540 XEmacs normaly runs XEmacs in a Japanese language environment.
|
|
|
541 Some of the other contributors are Japanese, most importantly
|
|
|
542 Morioka Tomohiko, author of the TM package, providing MIME support
|
|
|
543 for Mail and News.
|
|
88
|
544
|
|
|
545 -- Input for complex Asian languages is supported via XIM, a mechanism
|
|
|
546 introduced in X11R5 to allow applications to get localized input
|
|
|
547 without knowledge of the language. The way XIM works is that when
|
|
|
548 the locale has a complex character set, such as Japanese, and extra
|
|
|
549 minibuffer-like status window appears attached to various
|
|
|
550 application windows, and indicates the status of the input method.
|
|
|
551 Composed input in XEmacs should work the same as with other
|
|
|
552 applications. If Motif and Mule support is configured into XEmacs,
|
|
|
553 then XIM support is automatically configured in as well.
|
|
|
554
|
|
|
555 -- TM (Tools for Mime) now comes with XEmacs. This provides MIME
|
|
|
556 (Multi-purpose Internet Multi-media Extensions?) support for Mail
|
|
|
557 and News. The primary author is Morioka Tomohiko.
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
559 -- Japanese input can also be input using the `canna' input method.
|
|
|
560 This support was contributed by Morioka Tomohiko. Setting up canna
|
|
|
561 usually requires more user effort (and better knowledge of Japanese!)
|
|
|
562 than XIM, but provides a better-integrated input method.
|
|
|
563
|
|
|
564 -- A mini-tutorial on using Mule:
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
566 -- Every time data passes between XEmacs and the rest of the
|
|
|
567 environment, via file or process input or output, XEmacs must
|
|
|
568 convert between its internal multi-character representation and
|
|
|
569 the external representation (`coding system'). Many
|
|
|
570 difficulties with Mule are related to controlling these coding
|
|
|
571 system conversions.
|
|
|
572
|
|
|
573 -- file-coding-system, file-coding-system-for-read,
|
|
|
574 overriding-file-coding-system, and file-coding-system-alist
|
|
|
575 are used to determine the coding systems used on file input
|
|
|
576 and output.
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
578 -- For each process, (set-process-input-coding-system) and
|
|
|
579 (set-process-output-coding-system) determine the coding
|
|
|
580 system used for I/O from the process.
|
|
|
581
|
|
|
582 -- Many other things are encoded using pathname-coding-system:
|
|
|
583 -- file and directory names
|
|
|
584 -- window manager properties: window title, icon name
|
|
|
585 -- process names and process arguments
|
|
|
586 -- XIM input.
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
588 -- In many cases, you will want to have the same values for all
|
|
|
589 the above variables in many cases. For example, in a
|
|
|
590 Japanese environment, you will want to use the 'euc-japan
|
|
|
591 coding system consistently, except when running certain
|
|
|
592 processes that do byte-oriented, rather than
|
|
|
593 character-oriented I/O, such as gzip, or when processing Mail
|
|
|
594 or News, where ISO2022-based coding systems are the norm,
|
|
|
595 since they support multiple character sets.
|
|
|
596
|
|
|
597 -- To add support for a new language or character set, start by
|
|
|
598 trying to copy code in japanese-hooks.el.
|
|
|
599
|
|
|
600 -- The traditional pre-Mule data conversion is equivalent to the
|
|
|
601 'binary coding system under Mule. In this case all characters
|
|
|
602 are treated as iso8859-1 (i.e. characters for English + Western
|
|
|
603 European languages).
|
|
|
604
|
|
|
605 -- many fileio-related commands such as find-file and write-file
|
|
|
606 take an extra argument, coding-system, which specifies the
|
|
|
607 encoding to be used with the file on disk. For example, here is
|
|
|
608 a command that converts from the Japanese EUC to ISO2022 format:
|
|
|
609
|
|
|
610 xemacs -batch -eval '(progn (find-file
|
|
|
611 "locale-start.el.euc" (quote euc-japan)) (write-file
|
|
|
612 "locale-start.el" nil (quote iso-2022-8-unix)))'
|
|
|
613
|
|
|
614 Interactively, you can be prompted for a coding system by
|
|
|
615 providing a prefix argument to the fileio command. In
|
|
|
616 particular, C-u C-x C-f is a useful sequence to edit a file
|
|
|
617 using a particular coding system.
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
619 -- In an Asian locale (i.e. if $LANG is set to ja, ko, or zh),
|
|
|
620 XEmacs automatically sets up a language environment assuming
|
|
|
621 that the operating system encodes information in the national
|
|
|
622 version of EUC, which supports English and the national
|
|
|
623 language, but typically no other character sets.
|
|
|
624
|
|
|
625 -- Command line processing should work much better now - no more order
|
|
|
626 dependencies.
|
|
|
627
|
|
|
628 -- Many many package upgraded (thanks go to countless maintainers):
|
|
|
629
|
|
|
630 -- ediff 2.64 (Michael Kifer)
|
|
90
|
631 -- Gnus 5.2.40 (Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen)
|
|
88
|
632 -- w3 3.0.51 (Bill Perry)
|
|
90
|
633 -- ilisp 5.8 (Chris McConnell, Ivan Vasquez, Marco Antoniotti, Rick
|
|
|
634 Campbell)
|
|
88
|
635 -- VM 5.97 (Kyle Jones)
|
|
|
636 -- etags 11.78 (Francesco Potorti`)
|
|
|
637 -- ksh-mode.el 2.9
|
|
|
638 -- vhdl-mode.el 2.73 (Rod Whitby)
|
|
|
639 -- id-select.el (Bob Weiner)
|
|
|
640 -- EDT/TPU emulation modes should work now for the first time.
|
|
|
641 -- viper 2.92 (Michael Kifer) is now the `official' vi emulator for XEmacs.
|
|
|
642 -- big-menubar should work much better now.
|
|
|
643 -- mode-motion+.el 3.16
|
|
|
644 -- backup-dir 2.0 (Greg Klanderman)
|
|
|
645 -- ps-print.el-3.05 (Jacques Duthen Prestataire)
|
|
90
|
646 -- lazy-lock-1.15 (Simon Marshall)
|
|
|
647 -- reporter 3.3 (Barry Warsaw)
|
|
88
|
648 -- hm--html-menus 5.0 (Heiko Muenkel)
|
|
|
649 -- cc-mode 4.322 (Barry Warsaw)
|
|
|
650 -- elp 2.37 (Barry Warsaw)
|
|
|
651
|
|
|
652
|
|
|
653 -- Many new packages have been added:
|
|
|
654 -- m4-mode 1.8 (Andrew Csillag)
|
|
|
655 -- crisp.el - crisp/brief emulation (Gary D. Foster)
|
|
|
656 -- Johan Vroman's iso-acc.el has been ported to XEmacs by Alexandre Oliva
|
|
90
|
657 -- psgml-1.01 (Lennart Staflin, James Clark)
|
|
88
|
658 -- python-mode.el 2.83 (Barry Warsaw)
|
|
|
659 -- vrml-mode.el (Ben Wing)
|
|
90
|
660 -- enriched.el, face-menu.el (Boris Goldowsky, Michael Sperber)
|
|
|
661 -- sh-script.el (Daniel Pfeiffer)
|
|
|
662 -- decipher.el (Christopher J. Madsen)
|
|
88
|
663
|
|
|
664 -- New function x-keysym-on-keyboard-p helps determine keyboard
|
|
|
665 characteristics for key rebinding:
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
667 x-keysym-on-keyboard-p: (KEYSYM &optional DEVICE)
|
|
|
668 -- a built-in function.
|
|
|
669 Return true if KEYSYM names a key on the keyboard of DEVICE.
|
|
|
670 More precisely, return true if pressing a physical key
|
|
|
671 on the keyboard of DEVICE without any modifier keys generates KEYSYM.
|
|
|
672 Valid keysyms are listed in the files /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h and in
|
|
|
673 /usr/lib/X11/XKeysymDB, or whatever the equivalents are on your system.
|
|
|
674
|
|
|
675 -- Installed info files are now compressed (support courtesy of Joseph J Nuspl)
|
|
|
676
|
|
|
677 -- (load-average) works on Solaris, even if you're not root. Thanks to
|
|
|
678 Hrvoje Niksic.
|
|
|
679
|
|
|
680 -- OffiX drag-and-drop support added
|
|
|
681
|
|
|
682 -- lots of syncing with 19.34 elisp files, most by Steven Baur
|
|
70
|
683
|
|
|
684
|
|
0
|
685 ** Major Differences Between 19.13 and 19.14
|
|
|
686 ============================================
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
688 XEmacs has a new address! The canonical ftp site is now
|
|
|
689 ftp.xemacs.org:/pub/xemacs and the Web page is now at
|
|
|
690 http://www.xemacs.org/. All mailing lists now have @xemacs.org
|
|
|
691 addresses. For the time being the @cs.uiuc.edu addresses will
|
|
|
692 continue to function.
|
|
|
693
|
|
|
694 This is a major new release. Many features have been added, as well
|
|
|
695 as many bugs fixed. The Motif menubar has still _NOT_ been fixed for
|
|
|
696 19.14. You should use the Lucid menubar instead.
|
|
|
697
|
|
|
698
|
|
|
699
|
|
|
700 Major user-visible changes:
|
|
|
701 ---------------------------
|
|
|
702
|
|
|
703 -- Color support in TTY mode is provided. You have to have a TTY capable
|
|
|
704 of displaying them, such as color xterm or the console under Linux.
|
|
|
705 If your terminal type supports colors (e.g. `xterm-color'), XEmacs
|
|
|
706 will automatically notice this and start using color.
|
|
|
707
|
|
|
708 -- blink-cursor-mode enables a blinking text cursor. There is a
|
|
|
709 menubar option for this also.
|
|
|
710
|
|
|
711 -- auto-show-mode is turned on by default; this means that XEmacs
|
|
|
712 will automatically scroll a window horizontally as necessary to
|
|
|
713 keep point in view.
|
|
|
714
|
|
|
715 -- a file dialog box is provided and will be used whenever you
|
|
|
716 are prompted for a filename as a result of a menubar selection.
|
|
|
717
|
|
|
718 -- XEmacs can be compiled with built-in GIF, JPEG, and PNG support.
|
|
|
719 The GIF libraries are supplied with XEmacs; for JPEG and PNG,
|
|
|
720 you have to obtain the appropriate libraries (this is well-
|
|
|
721 documented). This makes image display much easier and faster under
|
|
|
722 W3 (the web browser) and TM (adds MIME support to VM and GNUS;
|
|
|
723 not yet included with XEmacs but will be in 19.15).
|
|
|
724
|
|
|
725 -- XEmacs provides a really nice mode (PSGML with "Wing improvements")
|
|
|
726 for editing HTML and other SGML documents. It parses the document,
|
|
|
727 and as a result it does proper indentation, can show you the context
|
|
|
728 you're in, the allowed tags at a particular position, etc.
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
730 -- XEmacs comes standard with modes for editing Java and VRML code,
|
|
|
731 including font-lock support.
|
|
|
732
|
|
|
733 -- GNUS 5.2 comes standard with XEmacs.
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
735 -- You can now embed colors in the modeline, with different sections
|
|
|
736 of the modeline responding appropriately to various mouse gestures:
|
|
|
737 For example, clicking on the "read-only" indicator toggles the
|
|
|
738 read-only status of a buffer, and clicking on the buffer name
|
|
|
739 cycles to the next buffer. Pressing button3 on these areas brings
|
|
|
740 up a popup menu of appropriate commands.
|
|
|
741
|
|
|
742 -- There is a much nicer mode for completion lists and such.
|
|
|
743 At the minibuffer prompt, if you hit page-up or Meta-V, the completion
|
|
|
744 buffer will be displayed (if it wasn't already), you're moved into
|
|
|
745 it, and can move around and select filenames using the arrow keys
|
|
|
746 and the return key. Rather than a cursor, a filename is highlighted,
|
|
|
747 and the arrow keys change which filename is highlighted.
|
|
|
748
|
|
|
749 -- The edit-faces subsystem has also been much improved, in somewhat
|
|
|
750 similar ways to the completion list improvements.
|
|
|
751
|
|
|
752 -- Many improvements were made to the multi-device support.
|
|
|
753 We now provide an auxiliary utility called "gnuattach" that
|
|
|
754 lets you connect to an existing XEmacs process and display
|
|
|
755 a TTY frame on the current TTY connection, and commands
|
|
|
756 `make-frame-on-display' (with a corresponding menubar entry)
|
|
|
757 and `make-frame-on-tty' for more easily creating frames on
|
|
|
758 new TTY or X connections.
|
|
|
759
|
|
|
760 -- We have incorporated nearly all of the functionality of GNU Emacs
|
|
|
761 19.30 into XEmacs. This includes support for lazy-loaded
|
|
|
762 byte code and documentation strings, improved paragraph filling,
|
|
|
763 better support for margins within documents, v19 regular expression
|
|
|
764 routines (including caching of compiled regexps), etc.
|
|
|
765
|
|
|
766 -- In accordance with GNU Emacs 19.30, the following key binding
|
|
|
767 changes have been made:
|
|
|
768
|
|
|
769 C-x ESC -> C-x ESC ESC
|
|
|
770 ESC ESC -> ESC :
|
|
|
771 ESC ESC ESC is "abort anything" (keyboard-escape-quit).
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
773 -- All major packages have been updated to their latest-released
|
|
|
774 versions.
|
|
|
775
|
|
|
776 -- XEmacs now gracefully handles a full colormap (such as typically
|
|
|
777 results when running Netscape). The nearest available color
|
|
|
778 is automatically substituted.
|
|
|
779
|
|
|
780 -- Many bug fixes to the subprocess/PTY code, ps-print, menubar
|
|
|
781 functions, `set-text-properties', DEC Alpha support, toolbar
|
|
|
782 resizing (the "phantom VM toolbar" bug), and lots and lots
|
|
|
783 of other things were made.
|
|
|
784
|
|
|
785 -- The ncurses library (a replacement for curses, found especially
|
|
|
786 under Linux) is supported, and will be automatically used
|
|
|
787 if it can be found.
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
789 -- You can now undo in the minibuffer.
|
|
|
790
|
|
|
791 -- Surrogate minibuffers now work. These are also sometimes referred
|
|
|
792 to as "global" minibuffers.
|
|
|
793
|
|
|
794 -- font-lock has been merged with GNU Emacs 19.30, improved defaults
|
|
|
795 have been added, and changes have been made to the way it is
|
|
|
796 configured.
|
|
|
797
|
|
|
798 -- Many, many modes have menubar entries for them.
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
800 -- `recover-session' lets you recover whatever files can be recovered
|
|
|
801 after your XEmacs process has died unexpectedly.
|
|
|
802
|
|
|
803 -- C-h k followed by a toolbar button press correctly reports
|
|
|
804 the binding of the toolbar button.
|
|
|
805
|
|
|
806 -- `function-key-map', `key-translation-map', and `keyboard-translate-table'
|
|
|
807 are now correctly implemented.
|
|
|
808
|
|
|
809 -- `show-message-log' (and its menubar entry under Edit) have been
|
|
|
810 removed; instead use `view-lossage' (and its menubar entry under
|
|
|
811 Help).
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
813 -- There is a standard menubar entry for specifying which browser
|
|
|
814 (Netscape, W3, Mosaic, etc.) to use when dispatching URL's
|
|
|
815 in mail, Usenet news, etc.
|
|
|
816
|
|
|
817 -- Improved native sound support under Linux.
|
|
|
818
|
|
|
819 -- Lots of other things we forgot to mention.
|
|
|
820
|
|
|
821
|
|
|
822
|
|
|
823 Significant Lisp-level changes:
|
|
|
824 -------------------------------
|
|
|
825
|
|
|
826 -- Many improvements to the E-Lisp documentation have been made;
|
|
|
827 it should now be up-to-date and complete in nearly all cases.
|
|
|
828
|
|
|
829 -- XEmacs has extensive documentation on its internals, for
|
|
|
830 would-be C hackers.
|
|
|
831
|
|
|
832 -- Common-Lisp support (the CL package) is now dumped standard
|
|
|
833 into XEmacs. No more need for (require 'cl) or anything
|
|
|
834 like that.
|
|
|
835
|
|
|
836 -- Full support for extents and text properties over strings is
|
|
|
837 provided.
|
|
|
838
|
|
|
839 -- The extent properties `start-open', `end-open', `start-closed',
|
|
|
840 and `end-closed' now work correctly w.r.t. text properties.
|
|
|
841
|
|
|
842 -- The `face' property of extents and text properties can now
|
|
|
843 be a list.
|
|
|
844
|
|
116
|
845 -- The `mouse-face' property from GNU Emacs is now supported.
|
|
0
|
846 It supersedes the `highlight' property.
|
|
|
847
|
|
116
|
848 -- `enriched' and `facemenu' packages from GNU Emacs have been ported.
|
|
0
|
849
|
|
|
850 -- New functions for easier creation of dialog boxes:
|
|
|
851 `get-dialog-box-response', `message-box', and `message-or-box'.
|
|
|
852
|
|
|
853 -- `function-min-args' and `function-max-args' allow you to determine
|
|
|
854 the minimum and maximum allowed arguments for any type of
|
|
|
855 function (i.e. subr, lambda expression, byte-compiled function, etc.).
|
|
|
856
|
|
|
857 -- Some C-level support for doing E-Lisp profiling is provided.
|
|
|
858 See `start-profiling', `stop-profiling', and
|
|
|
859 `pretty-print-profiling-info'.
|
|
|
860
|
|
|
861 -- `current-process-time' reports the user, system, and real times
|
|
|
862 for the currently running XEmacs process.
|
|
|
863
|
|
|
864 -- `next-window', `previous-window', `next-frame', `previous-frame',
|
|
|
865 `other-window', `get-lru-window', etc. have an extra device
|
|
|
866 argument that allows you to restrict which devices it includes
|
|
|
867 (normally all devices). Some functions that incorrectly ignored
|
|
|
868 frames on different devices (e.g. C-x 0) are fixed.
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
870 -- new functions `run-hook-with-args-until-success',
|
|
|
871 `run-hook-with-args-until-failure'.
|
|
|
872
|
|
|
873 -- generalized facility for local vs. global hooks. See `make-local-hook',
|
|
|
874 `add-hook'.
|
|
|
875
|
|
|
876 -- New functions for querying the window tree: `frame-leftmost-window',
|
|
|
877 `frame-rightmost-window', `window-first-hchild', `window-first-vchild',
|
|
|
878 `window-next-child', `window-previous-child', and `window-parent'.
|
|
|
879
|
|
|
880 -- Epoch support works. This gets you direct access to some X events
|
|
|
881 and objects (e.g. properties and property-notify events).
|
|
|
882
|
|
|
883 -- The multi-device support has been majorly revamped. There is now
|
|
|
884 a new concept of "consoles" (devices grouped together under a
|
|
|
885 common keyboard/mouse), console-local variables, and a generalized
|
|
|
886 concept of device/console connection.
|
|
|
887
|
|
|
888 -- `display-buffer' synched with GNU Emacs 19.30, giving you lots of
|
|
|
889 wondrous cruft such as
|
|
|
890 -- unsplittable frames
|
|
|
891 -- pop-up-frames, pop-up-frame-function
|
|
|
892 -- special-display-buffer-names, special-display-regexps,
|
|
|
893 special-display-function
|
|
|
894 -- same-window-buffer-names, same-window-regexps
|
|
|
895
|
|
|
896 -- XEmacs has support for accessing DBM- and/or DB-format databases,
|
|
|
897 provided that you have the appropriate libraries on your system.
|
|
|
898
|
|
|
899 -- There is a new font style: "strikethru" fonts.
|
|
|
900
|
|
|
901 -- New data type "weak list", which is a list with special
|
|
|
902 garbage-collection properties, similar to weak hash tables.
|
|
|
903
|
|
|
904 -- `set-face-parent' makes one face inherit all properties from another.
|
|
|
905
|
|
|
906 -- The junky frame parameters mechanism has been revamped as
|
|
|
907 frame properties, which a standard property-list interface.
|
|
|
908
|
|
|
909 -- Lots and lots of functions for working with property lists have
|
|
|
910 been added.
|
|
|
911
|
|
|
912 -- New functions `push-window-configuration', `pop-window-configuration',
|
|
|
913 `unpop-window-configuration' for maintain a stack of window
|
|
|
914 configurations.
|
|
|
915
|
|
|
916 -- Many fixups to the glyph code; icons and mouse pointers are now
|
|
|
917 properly merged into the glyph mechanism.
|
|
|
918
|
|
|
919 -- `set-specifier' works more sensibly, like `set-face-property'.
|
|
|
920
|
|
|
921 -- Many new specifiers for individually controlling toolbar height/width
|
|
|
922 and visibility and text cursor visibility.
|
|
|
923
|
|
|
924 -- New face `text-cursor' controls the colors of the text cursor.
|
|
|
925
|
|
|
926 -- Many new variables for turning on debug information about the
|
|
|
927 inner workings of XEmacs.
|
|
|
928
|
|
|
929 -- Hash tables can now compare their keys using `equal' or `eql'
|
|
|
930 as well as `eq'.
|
|
|
931
|
|
|
932 -- Other things too numerous to mention.
|
|
|
933
|
|
|
934
|
|
|
935
|
|
|
936 Significant configuration/build changes:
|
|
|
937 ----------------------------------------
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
939 -- You can disable TTY support, toolbar support, scrollbar support,
|
|
|
940 menubar support, and/or dialog box support at configure time
|
|
|
941 to save memory.
|
|
|
942
|
|
|
943 -- New configure option `--extra-verbose' shows the diagnostic
|
|
|
944 output from feature testing; this should help track down
|
|
|
945 problems with incorrect feature detection.
|
|
|
946
|
|
|
947 -- `dont-have-xmu' is now `with-xmu', with the reversed sense.
|
|
|
948 (It defaults to `yes'.)
|
|
|
949
|
|
|
950 -- `with-mocklisp' lets you add Mocklisp support if you really
|
|
|
951 need this.
|
|
|
952
|
|
|
953 -- `with-term' for adding TERM support for Linux users.
|
|
|
954
|
|
|
955
|
|
|
956
|
|
|
957 ** Major Differences Between 19.12 and 19.13
|
|
|
958 ============================================
|
|
|
959
|
|
|
960 This is primarily a bug-fix release. Lots of bugs have been fixed.
|
|
|
961 Hopefully only a few have been introduced. The most noteworthy bug
|
|
|
962 fixes are:
|
|
|
963
|
|
|
964 -- There should be no more problems connecting XEmacs to an X
|
|
|
965 server over SLIP or other slow connections.
|
|
|
966 -- Periodic crashes when using the Buffers menu should be gone.
|
|
|
967 -- etags would sometimes erase the current buffer; it doesn't
|
|
|
968 any more.
|
|
|
969 -- XEmacs will correctly exit if the X server dies.
|
|
|
970 -- uniconified frames are displayed properly under TVTWM.
|
|
|
971 -- Breakage in `add-menu-item' / `add-menu-button' is fixed.
|
|
|
972
|
|
|
973 The Motif menubar has _NOT_ been fixed for 19.13. You should use the
|
|
|
974 Lucid menubar instead.
|
|
|
975
|
|
|
976 Multi-device support should now be working properly. You can now open
|
|
|
977 an X device after having started out on a TTY device.
|
|
|
978
|
|
|
979 Background pixmaps now work. See `set-face-background-pixmap'.
|
|
|
980
|
|
|
981 Echo area messages are now saved to a buffer, " *Message Log*". To
|
|
|
982 see this buffer, use the command `show-message-log'. It is possible
|
|
|
983 to filter the message which are actually included by modifying the
|
|
|
984 variables `log-message-ignore-regexps' and `log-message-ignore-labels'.
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
986 You can now control which warnings you want to see. See
|
|
|
987 `display-warning-suppressed-classes' and friends.
|
|
|
988
|
|
|
989 You can now set the default location of an "other window" from the
|
|
|
990 Options menu.
|
|
|
991
|
|
|
992 "Save Options" now saves the state of all faces.
|
|
|
993
|
|
|
994 You can choose which file "Save Options" writes into; see
|
|
|
995 `save-options-file'.
|
|
|
996
|
|
|
997 XPM support is no longer required for the toolbar.
|
|
|
998
|
|
|
999 The relocating allocator is now enabled by default whenever possible.
|
|
|
1000 This allows buffer memory to be returned to the system when no longer
|
|
|
1001 in use which helps keep XEmacs process size down.
|
|
|
1002
|
|
|
1003 The ability to have captioned toolbars has been added. Currently only
|
|
|
1004 the default toolbar actually has a captioned version provided. A new
|
|
|
1005 specifier variable, `toolbar-buttons-captioned-p' controls whether the
|
|
|
1006 toolbar is captioned.
|
|
|
1007
|
|
|
1008 A copy of the XEmacs FAQ is now included and is available through info.
|
|
|
1009
|
|
|
1010 The on-line E-Lisp reference manual has been significantly updated.
|
|
|
1011
|
|
|
1012 There is now audio support under Linux.
|
|
|
1013
|
|
|
1014 Modifier keys can now be sticky. This is controlled by the variable
|
|
|
1015 `modifier-keys-are-sticky'.
|
|
|
1016
|
|
|
1017 manual-entry should now work correctly under Irix with the penalty of
|
|
|
1018 a longer startup time the first time it is invoked. If you are having
|
|
|
1019 problems with this on another system try setting
|
|
|
1020 `Manual-use-subdirectory-list' to t.
|
|
|
1021
|
|
|
1022 make-tty-device no longer automatically creates the first frame.
|
|
|
1023
|
|
|
1024 Rectangular regions now work correctly.
|
|
|
1025
|
|
|
1026 ediff no longer sets synchronize-minibuffers to t unless you first set
|
|
|
1027 ediff-synchronize-minibuffers
|
|
|
1028
|
|
|
1029 keyboard-translate-table has been implemented. This means that the
|
|
|
1030 `enable-flow-control' command for dealing with TTY connections that
|
|
|
1031 filter out ^S and ^Q now works.
|
|
|
1032
|
|
|
1033 You can now create frames that are initially unmapped and frames that
|
|
|
1034 are "transient for another frame", meaning that they behave more like
|
|
|
1035 dialog-box frames.
|
|
|
1036
|
|
|
1037 Other E-Lisp changes:
|
|
|
1038
|
|
|
1039 -- Specifier `menubar-visible-p' for controlling menubar visibility
|
|
|
1040 -- Local command hooks should be set using `local-pre-command-hook'
|
|
|
1041 and `local-post-command-hook' instead of making the global
|
|
|
1042 equivalents be buffer-local.
|
|
|
1043 -- `quit-char', `help-char', `meta-prefix-char' can be any key specifier
|
|
|
1044 instead of just an integer.
|
|
|
1045 -- new functions `add-async-timeout' and `disable-async-timeout'.
|
|
|
1046 These let you create asynchronous timeouts, which are like
|
|
|
1047 normal timeouts except that they're executed even during
|
|
|
1048 running Lisp code. Use this with care!
|
|
|
1049 -- `debug-on-error' and `stack-trace-on-error' now enter the debugger
|
|
|
1050 only when an *unhandled* error occurs. If you want the old
|
|
|
1051 behavior, use `debug-on-signal' and `stack-trace-on-signal'.
|
|
|
1052 -- \U, \L, \u, \l, \E recognized specially in `replace-match'.
|
|
|
1053 These are standard ex/perl commands for changing the case of
|
|
|
1054 replaced text.
|
|
|
1055 -- New function event-matches-key-specifier-p. This provides
|
|
|
1056 a clean way of comparing keypress events with key specifiers
|
|
|
1057 such as 65, (shift home), etc. without having to resort
|
|
|
1058 to ugly `character-to-event' / `event-to-character' hacks.
|
|
|
1059 -- New function `add-to-list'
|
|
|
1060 -- New Common-Lisp functions `some', `every', `notevery', `notany',
|
|
|
1061 `adjoin', `union', `intersection', `set-difference',
|
|
|
1062 `set-exclusive-or', `subsetp'
|
|
|
1063 -- `remove-face-property' provides a clean way of removing a
|
|
|
1064 face property.
|
|
|
1065
|
|
|
1066 Many of the Emacs Lisp packages have been updated. Some of the new
|
|
|
1067 Emacs Lisp packages ---
|
|
|
1068
|
|
|
1069 ada-mode: major mode for editing Ada source
|
|
|
1070
|
|
|
1071 arc-mode: simple editing of archives
|
|
|
1072
|
|
70
|
1073 auto-show-mode: automatically scrolls horizontally to keep point on-screen
|
|
0
|
1074
|
|
|
1075 completion: dynamic word completion mode
|
|
|
1076
|
|
|
1077 dabbrev: the dynamic abbrev package has been rewritten and is much
|
|
|
1078 more powerful -- e.g. it searches in other buffers as well
|
|
|
1079 as the current one
|
|
|
1080
|
|
|
1081 easymenu: menu support package
|
|
|
1082
|
|
|
1083 live-icon: makes frame icons represent the current frame contents
|
|
|
1084
|
|
|
1085 mailcrypt 3.2: mail encryption with PGP; included but v2.4 is still
|
|
70
|
1086 the default
|
|
|
1087
|
|
|
1088 two-column: for editing two-column text
|
|
0
|
1089
|
|
|
1090
|
|
|
1091 ** Major Differences Between 19.11 and 19.12
|
|
|
1092 ============================================
|
|
|
1093
|
|
|
1094 This is a huge new release. Almost every aspect of XEmacs has been changed
|
|
|
1095 at least somewhat. The highlights are:
|
|
|
1096
|
|
|
1097 -- TTY support (includes face support)
|
|
|
1098 -- new redisplay engine; should be faster, less buggy, and more powerful
|
|
|
1099 -- terminology change from "screen" to "frame"
|
|
|
1100 -- built-in toolbar
|
|
|
1101 -- toolbar support added to many packages
|
|
|
1102 -- multiple device support (still in beta; improvements to come in
|
|
|
1103 19.13)
|
|
|
1104 -- Purify used to ensure that there are no memory leaks or memory corruption
|
|
|
1105 problems
|
|
|
1106 -- horizontal and vertical scrollbars in all windows
|
|
|
1107 -- new Lucid (i.e. look-alike Motif) scrollbar widget
|
|
|
1108 -- stay-up menus in the Lucid (look-alike Motif) menubar widget
|
|
|
1109 -- 3-d modeline
|
|
|
1110 -- new extents engine; should be faster, less buggy, and more powerful
|
|
|
1111 -- much more powerful control over faces
|
|
|
1112 -- expanded menubar
|
|
|
1113 -- more work on synching with GNU Emacs 19.28
|
|
|
1114 -- new packages: Hyperbole, OOBR (object browser), hm--html-menus, viper,
|
|
|
1115 lazy-lock.el, ksh-mode.el, rsz-minibuf.el
|
|
|
1116 -- package updates for all major packages
|
|
|
1117 -- dynodump package for Solaris: provides proper undumping and portable
|
|
|
1118 binaries across different OS versions and machine types
|
|
|
1119 -- Greatly expanded concept of "glyphs" (pixmaps etc. in a buffer)
|
|
|
1120 -- built-in support for displaying X-Faces, if the X-Face library is
|
|
|
1121 available
|
|
|
1122 -- built-in support for SOCKS if the SOCKS library is available
|
|
|
1123 -- graceful behavior when the colormap is full (e.g. Netscape ate
|
|
|
1124 all the colors)
|
|
|
1125 -- built-in MD5 (secure hashing function) support
|
|
|
1126
|
|
|
1127
|
|
|
1128 More specific information:
|
|
|
1129
|
|
|
1130 *** TTY Support
|
|
|
1131 ---------------
|
|
|
1132
|
|
|
1133 The long-awaited TTY support is now available. XEmacs will start up
|
|
|
1134 in TTY mode (using the tty you started XEmacs from) if the DISPLAY
|
|
|
1135 environment variable is not set or if you use the `-nw' option.
|
|
|
1136
|
|
|
1137 Faces are available on TTY's. For a demonstration, try editing a C
|
|
|
1138 file and turning on font-lock-mode.
|
|
|
1139
|
|
|
1140 You can also connect to additional TTY's using `make-tty-device',
|
|
|
1141 whether your first frame was a TTY or an X window. This ability is
|
|
|
1142 not yet completely finished.
|
|
|
1143
|
|
|
1144 The full event-loop capabilities (processes, timeouts, etc.) are
|
|
|
1145 available on TTY's.
|
|
|
1146
|
|
|
1147
|
|
|
1148
|
|
|
1149 *** New Redisplay Engine
|
|
|
1150 ------------------------
|
|
|
1151
|
|
|
1152 The redisplay engine has been rewritten to improve its efficiency and
|
|
|
1153 to increase its functionality. It should also be significantly more
|
|
|
1154 bug-free than the previous redisplay engine.
|
|
|
1155
|
|
|
1156 A line that is not big enough to display at the bottom of the window
|
|
|
1157 will normally be clipped (so that it is partially visible) rather than
|
|
|
1158 not displayed at all. The variable `pixel-vertical-clip-threshold'
|
|
|
1159 can be used to control the minimum space that must be available for a
|
|
|
1160 line to be clipped rather than not displayed at all.
|
|
|
1161
|
|
|
1162 Tabs are displayed in such a way that things line up fairly well even
|
|
|
1163 in the presence of variable-width fonts and/or lines with
|
|
|
1164 multiply-sized fonts.
|
|
|
1165
|
|
|
1166 Display tables are implemented, through the specifier variable
|
|
|
1167 `current-display-table'. They can be buffer-local, window-local,
|
|
|
1168 frame-local, or device-local. See below for info about specifiers.
|
|
|
1169
|
|
|
1170
|
|
|
1171
|
|
|
1172 *** Toolbar
|
|
|
1173 -----------
|
|
|
1174
|
|
|
1175 There is now built-in support for a toolbar. A sample toolbar is
|
|
|
1176 visible by default at the top of the frame. Four separate toolbars
|
|
|
1177 can be configured (at the top, bottom, left, and right of the frame).
|
|
|
1178 The toolbar specification is similar to the menubar specification.
|
|
|
1179 The up, down, and disabled glyphs of a toolbar button can be
|
|
|
1180 separately controlled. Explanatory text can be echoed in the echo
|
|
|
1181 area when the mouse passes over a toolbar button. The size, contents,
|
|
|
1182 and visibility of the various toolbars can be controlled on a
|
|
|
1183 per-buffer, per-window, per-frame, and per-device basis through the
|
|
|
1184 use of specifiers. See the chapter on toolbars in the Lisp Reference
|
|
|
1185 Manual (included with XEmacs) for more information.
|
|
|
1186
|
|
|
1187 The toolbar color and shadow thicknesses are currently controlled only
|
|
|
1188 through `modify-frame-parameters' and through X resources. We are
|
|
|
1189 planning on making these controllable through specifiers as well. (Our
|
|
|
1190 hope is to make `modify-frame-parameters' obsolete, as it is a clunky
|
|
|
1191 and not very powerful mechanism.)
|
|
|
1192
|
|
|
1193 Info, GNUS, VM, W3, and various other packages include custom toolbars
|
|
|
1194 with them.
|
|
|
1195
|
|
|
1196
|
|
|
1197
|
|
|
1198 *** Menubar
|
|
|
1199 -----------
|
|
|
1200
|
|
|
1201 Stay-up menus are implemented in the look-alike Motif menubar.
|
|
|
1202
|
|
|
1203 The default menubar has been expanded to include most commonly-used
|
|
|
1204 functions in XEmacs.
|
|
|
1205
|
|
|
1206 The options menu has been greatly expanded to include many more
|
|
|
1207 options.
|
|
|
1208
|
|
|
1209 The menubar specification format has been greatly expanded. Per-menu
|
|
|
1210 activation hooks can be specified through the :filter keyword (thus
|
|
|
1211 obsoleting `activate-menubar-hook'); this allows for fast response
|
|
|
1212 time when you have a large and complex menu. You can dynamically
|
|
|
1213 control whether menu items are present through the :included and
|
|
|
1214 :config keywords. (The latter keyword implements a simple menubar
|
|
|
1215 configuration scheme, in conjunction with the variable
|
|
|
1216 `menubar-configuration'.) Many different menu-item separators (single
|
|
|
1217 or double line; solid or dashed; flat, etched-in, or etched-out) are
|
|
|
1218 available. See the chapter on menus in the Lisp Reference Manual for
|
|
|
1219 more information about all of this.
|
|
|
1220
|
|
|
1221 New functions `add-submenu' and `add-menu-button' are available.
|
|
|
1222 These supersede the older `add-menu' and `add-menu-item' functions,
|
|
|
1223 and provide a more powerful and consistent interface.
|
|
|
1224
|
|
|
1225 New convenience functions for popping up the part or all of the
|
|
|
1226 menubar in a pop-up menu are available: `popup-menubar-menu' and
|
|
|
1227 `popup-buffer-menu'.
|
|
|
1228
|
|
|
1229 Menus are now incrementally constructed greatly improving menubar
|
|
|
1230 response time.
|
|
|
1231
|
|
|
1232
|
|
|
1233
|
|
|
1234 *** Scrollbars
|
|
|
1235 --------------
|
|
|
1236
|
|
|
1237 A look-alike Motif scrollbar is now included with XEmacs. No longer
|
|
|
1238 will you have to suffer with ugly Athena scrollbars.
|
|
|
1239
|
|
|
1240 Windows can now have horizontal scrollbars. Normally they are visible
|
|
|
1241 when the window's buffer is set to truncate lines rather than wrap
|
|
|
1242 them (e.g. `(setq truncate-lines t)').
|
|
|
1243
|
|
|
1244 All windows, not only the right-most ones, can have vertical
|
|
|
1245 scrollbars.
|
|
|
1246
|
|
|
1247 The functions to change a scrollbar's width have been superseded by
|
|
|
1248 the specifier variables `scrollbar-width' and `scrollbar-height'.
|
|
|
1249 This allows their values to be controlled on a buffer-local,
|
|
|
1250 window-local, frame-local, and device-local basis. See below.
|
|
|
1251
|
|
|
1252 The scrollbars interact better with the event loop (for example, you
|
|
|
1253 can type `C-h k', do a scrollbar action, and see a description of this
|
|
|
1254 scrollbar action printed as if you had pressed a key sequence or
|
|
|
1255 selected a menu item).
|
|
|
1256
|
|
|
1257 The scrollbar behavior can be reprogrammed, by advising the
|
|
|
1258 `scrollbar-*' functions.
|
|
|
1259
|
|
|
1260
|
|
|
1261
|
|
|
1262 *** Key Bindings
|
|
|
1263 ----------------
|
|
|
1264
|
|
|
1265 The oft-used function `goto-line' now has its own binding: M-g.
|
|
|
1266
|
|
|
1267 New bindings are available for scrolling the "other" window: M-next,
|
|
|
1268 M-prior, M-home, M-end. (On many keyboards, `next' and `prior'
|
|
|
1269 labelled `PgUp' and `PgDn'.)
|
|
|
1270
|
|
|
1271 You can reactivate a deactivated Zmacs region, without having any
|
|
|
1272 other effects, with the binding M-C-z.
|
|
|
1273
|
|
|
1274 The bindings `M-u', `M-l', and `M-c' now work on the region (if a
|
|
|
1275 region is active) or work on a word, as before.
|
|
|
1276
|
|
|
1277 Shift-Control-G forces a "critical quit", which drops immediately into
|
|
|
1278 the debugger; see below.
|
|
|
1279
|
|
|
1280
|
|
|
1281
|
|
|
1282 *** Modeline
|
|
|
1283 ------------
|
|
|
1284
|
|
|
1285 The modeline can now have a 3-d look; this is enabled by default. The
|
|
|
1286 specifier variable `modeline-shadow-thickness' controls the size.
|
|
|
1287
|
|
|
1288 The modeline can now be turned off on a per-buffer, per-window,
|
|
|
1289 per-frame, or per-device basis. The specifier variable
|
|
|
1290 `has-modeline-p' controls whether the modeline is visible. See below
|
|
|
1291 for details about the vastly powerful specifier mechanism.
|
|
|
1292
|
|
|
1293 The modeline functions and variables have been renamed to be
|
|
|
1294 `*-modeline-*' rather than `*-mode-line-*'. Aliases are provided for
|
|
|
1295 all the old names.
|
|
|
1296
|
|
|
1297 Variable width fonts now work correctly when used in the modeline.
|
|
|
1298
|
|
|
1299
|
|
|
1300
|
|
|
1301 *** Minibuffer, Echo Area
|
|
|
1302 -------------------------
|
|
|
1303
|
|
|
1304 The minibuffer is no longer constrained to be one line high. The
|
|
|
1305 package rsz-minibuf.el is included to automatically resize the
|
|
|
1306 minibuffer when its contents are too big; enable this with
|
|
|
1307 `resize-minibuffer-mode'.
|
|
|
1308
|
|
|
1309 The echo area is now a true buffer, called " *Echo Area*". This
|
|
|
1310 allows you to customize the echo area behavior through
|
|
|
1311 before-change-functions and after-change-functions.
|
|
|
1312
|
|
|
1313
|
|
|
1314
|
|
|
1315 *** Specifiers
|
|
|
1316 --------------
|
|
|
1317
|
|
|
1318 XEmacs has a new concept called "specifiers", used to configure most
|
|
|
1319 display options (toolbar size and contents, scrollbar size, face
|
|
|
1320 properties, modeline visibility and shadow-thickness, glyphs, display
|
|
|
1321 tables, etc.). We are planning on converting all display
|
|
|
1322 characteristics to use specifiers, and obsoleting the clunky functions
|
|
|
1323 `frame-parameters' and `modify-frame-parameters'. Specifically:
|
|
|
1324
|
|
|
1325 -- You can specify values (called "instantiators") for particular
|
|
|
1326 "locales" (i.e. buffers, windows, frames, devices, or a global value).
|
|
|
1327 When determining what the actual value (or "instance") of a specifier
|
|
|
1328 is, the specifications that are provided are searched from most
|
|
|
1329 specific (i.e. buffer-local) to most general (i.e. global), looking
|
|
|
1330 for a matching one.
|
|
|
1331
|
|
|
1332 -- You can specify multiple instantiators for a particular locale.
|
|
|
1333 For example, when specifying what the foreground color of a face
|
|
|
1334 is in a particular buffer, you could specify two instantiators:
|
|
|
1335 "dark sea green" and "green". The color would then be dark sea
|
|
|
1336 green on devices that recognize that color, and green on other
|
|
|
1337 devices. You have effectively provided a fallback value to make
|
|
|
1338 sure you get reasonable behavior on all devices.
|
|
|
1339
|
|
|
1340 -- You can add one or more tags to an instantiator, where a tag
|
|
|
1341 is a symbol that has been previously registered with XEmacs.
|
|
|
1342 This allows you to identify your instantiators for later
|
|
|
1343 removal in a way that won't interfere with other applications
|
|
|
1344 using the same specifier. Furthermore, particular tags can
|
|
|
1345 be restricted to match only particular sorts of devices.
|
|
|
1346 Any tagged instantiator will be ignored if the device over which
|
|
|
1347 it is being instanced does not match any of its tags. This
|
|
|
1348 allows you, for example, to restrict an instantiator to a
|
|
|
1349 particular device type (X or TTY) and/or class (color, grayscale,
|
|
|
1350 or mono). (You might want to specify, for example, that a
|
|
|
1351 particular face is displayed in green on color devices and is
|
|
|
1352 underlined on mono devices.)
|
|
|
1353
|
|
|
1354 -- A full API is provided for manipulating specifiers, and full
|
|
|
1355 documentation is provided in the Lisp Reference Manual.
|
|
|
1356
|
|
|
1357
|
|
|
1358
|
|
|
1359 *** Basic Lisp Stuff
|
|
|
1360 --------------------
|
|
|
1361
|
|
|
1362 Common-Lisp backquote syntax is recognized. For example, the old
|
|
|
1363 expression
|
|
|
1364
|
|
|
1365 (` (a b (, c)))
|
|
|
1366
|
|
|
1367 can now be written
|
|
|
1368
|
|
|
1369 `(a b ,c)
|
|
|
1370
|
|
|
1371 The old backquote syntax is still accepted.
|
|
|
1372
|
|
|
1373 The new function `type-of' returns a symbol describing the type of a
|
|
|
1374 Lisp object (`integer', `string', `symbol', etc.)
|
|
|
1375
|
|
|
1376 Symbols beginning with a colon (called "keywords") are treated
|
|
|
1377 specially in that they are automatically made self-evaluating when
|
|
|
1378 they are interned into `obarray'. The new function `keywordp' returns
|
|
|
1379 whether a symbol begins with a colon.
|
|
|
1380
|
|
|
1381 `get', `put', and `remprop' have been generalized to allow you to set
|
|
|
1382 and retrieve properties on many different kinds of objects: symbols,
|
|
|
1383 strings, faces, glyphs, and extents (for extents, however, this is not
|
|
|
1384 yet implemented). They are joined by a new function `object-props'
|
|
|
1385 that returns all of the properties that have been set on an object.
|
|
|
1386
|
|
|
1387 New functions `plists-eq' and `plists-equal' are provided for
|
|
|
1388 comparing property lists (a property list is an alternating list
|
|
|
1389 of keys and values).
|
|
|
1390
|
|
|
1391 The Common-Lisp functions `caar', `cadr', `cdar', `cddr', `caaar', etc.
|
|
|
1392 (up to four a's and/or d's), `first', `second', `third', etc. (up to
|
|
|
1393 `tenth'), `last', `rest', and `endp' have been added, for more
|
|
|
1394 convenient manipulation of lists.
|
|
|
1395
|
|
|
1396 New function `mapvector' maps over a sequence and returns a vector
|
|
|
1397 of the results, analogous to `mapcar'.
|
|
|
1398
|
|
|
1399 New functions `rassoc', `remassoc', `remassq', `remrassoc', and
|
|
|
1400 `remrassq' are provided for working with alists.
|
|
|
1401
|
|
|
1402 New functions `defvaralias', `variable-alias' and `indirect-variable'
|
|
|
1403 are provided for creating variable aliases.
|
|
|
1404
|
|
|
1405 Strings have a modified-tick that is bumped every time a string
|
|
|
1406 is modified in-place with `aset' or `fillarray'. This is retrieved
|
|
|
1407 with the new function `string-modified-tick'.
|
|
|
1408
|
|
|
1409 New macro `push' destructively adds an element to the beginning of a
|
|
|
1410 list. New macro `pop' destructively removes and returns the first
|
|
|
1411 element of a list.
|
|
|
1412
|
|
|
1413
|
|
|
1414
|
|
|
1415 *** Buffers
|
|
|
1416 -----------
|
|
|
1417
|
|
|
1418 Most functions that operate on buffer text now take an optional BUFFER
|
|
|
1419 argument, specifying which buffer they operate on. (Previously, they
|
|
|
1420 always operated on the current buffer.)
|
|
|
1421
|
|
|
1422 The new function `transpose-regions' is provided, ported from GNU
|
|
|
1423 Emacs.
|
|
|
1424
|
|
|
1425 The new function `save-current-buffer' works like `save-excursion'
|
|
|
1426 but only saves the current buffer, not the location of point in
|
|
|
1427 that buffer.
|
|
|
1428
|
|
|
1429
|
|
|
1430
|
|
|
1431 *** Devices
|
|
|
1432 -----------
|
|
|
1433
|
|
|
1434 XEmacs has a new concept of "device", which is represents a particular
|
|
|
1435 X display or TTY connection. `make-frame' has a new, optional device
|
|
|
1436 parameter that allows you to specify which device the frame is to be
|
|
|
1437 created on.
|
|
|
1438
|
|
|
1439 Multiple simultaneous TTY and/or X connections may be made. The
|
|
|
1440 specifier mechanism provides reasonable behavior of glyphs, faces,
|
|
|
1441 etc. over heterogeneous device types and over devices whose individual
|
|
|
1442 capabilities may vary.
|
|
|
1443
|
|
|
1444 There is also a device type called "stream" that represents a STDIO
|
|
|
1445 device that has no redisplay or cursor-motion capabilities, such as
|
|
|
1446 the "glass terminal" that XEmacs uses when it is run noninteractively.
|
|
|
1447 There is not all that much you can do with stream devices currently;
|
|
|
1448 please let us know if there are good uses you can think of for this
|
|
|
1449 capability. (For example, log files?)
|
|
|
1450
|
|
|
1451 A new device API is provided. Functions are provided such as
|
|
|
1452 `device-name' (the name of the device, which generally is based on the
|
|
|
1453 X display or TTY file name), `device-type' (X, TTY, or stream),
|
|
|
1454 `device-class' (color, grayscale, or mono), etc. See the Lisp
|
|
|
1455 Reference Manual.
|
|
|
1456
|
|
|
1457 Many functions have been extended to contain an additional, optional
|
|
|
1458 device argument, where such an extension makes sense. In general, if
|
|
|
1459 the argument is omitted, it is equivalent to specifying
|
|
|
1460 `(selected-device)'.
|
|
|
1461
|
|
|
1462 Many previous functions and variables are obsoleted in favor of the
|
|
|
1463 device API. For example, `window-system' is obsoleted by
|
|
|
1464 `device-type', and `x-color-display-p' and friends are obsoleted by
|
|
|
1465 `device-class'.
|
|
|
1466
|
|
70
|
1467 ** NOTE **: The obsolete variable `window-system' is going
|
|
0
|
1468 to be deleted soon, probably in 19.14. Please correct all
|
|
|
1469 your code to use `device-type'.
|
|
|
1470
|
|
70
|
1471 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: The function `x-display-visual-class'
|
|
0
|
1472 returns different values from previous versions of XEmacs.
|
|
|
1473
|
|
|
1474
|
|
|
1475
|
|
|
1476 *** Errors, Warnings, C-g
|
|
|
1477 -------------------------
|
|
|
1478
|
|
|
1479 There is a new warnings system implemented. Many warnings that were
|
|
|
1480 formerly displayed in various ad-hoc ways (e.g. warnings about screwy
|
|
|
1481 modifier mappings, messages about failures handling the mouse cursor
|
|
|
1482 and errors in a gc-hook) have been regularized through this system.
|
|
|
1483 The new function `warn' displays a warning before the next redisplay
|
|
|
1484 (the actually display of the warning messages is accomplished through
|
|
|
1485 `display-warning-buffer'). Both `warn' and `display-warning-buffer'
|
|
|
1486 are Lisp functions (the C code calls out to them as necessary), and
|
|
|
1487 thus you can customize the warning system.
|
|
|
1488
|
|
|
1489 Under an X display, you can press Shift-Control-G to force a "critical
|
|
|
1490 quit". This will immediately display a backtrace and pop you into the
|
|
|
1491 debugger, regardless of the settings of `inhibit-quit' and
|
|
|
1492 `debug-on-quit'.
|
|
|
1493
|
|
|
1494 C-g now works properly even on systems that don't implement SIGIO or
|
|
|
1495 for which SIGIO is broken (e.g. IRIX 5.3 and older versions of Linux).
|
|
|
1496 In addition, the SIGIO support has been fixed for many systems on
|
|
|
1497 which it didn't always work properly before (e.g. HPUX and Solaris).
|
|
|
1498
|
|
70
|
1499
|
|
0
|
1500
|
|
|
1501 *** Events
|
|
|
1502 ----------
|
|
|
1503
|
|
70
|
1504 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: Many event functions have been changed to
|
|
0
|
1505 accept and return windows instead of frames.
|
|
|
1506
|
|
|
1507 New function: `event-live-p', specifying whether `deallocate-event'
|
|
|
1508 has been called on an event.
|
|
|
1509
|
|
|
1510 The "menu event" type has been renamed to "misc-user event", and
|
|
|
1511 encompasses scrollbar events as well as menu events. We are planning
|
|
|
1512 on making it also encompass toolbar events in a future release.
|
|
|
1513
|
|
|
1514 New functions are provided for determining whether an particular
|
|
|
1515 sections of a frame: `event-over-border-p', `event-over-glyph-p',
|
|
|
1516 `event-over-modeline-p', `event-over-text-area-p', and
|
|
|
1517 `event-over-toolbar-p'. The old, kludgey methods of checking the
|
|
|
1518 window-height, the internal-border-width, etc. are unreliable and
|
|
|
1519 should not be used.
|
|
|
1520
|
|
|
1521 New functions `event-window-x-pixel' and `event-window-y-pixel' are
|
|
|
1522 provided for determining where in a particular window an event
|
|
|
1523 happened.
|
|
|
1524
|
|
|
1525 New functions `event-glyph-x-pixel' and `event-glyph-y-pixel' are
|
|
|
1526 provided for determining where in a particular glyph an event
|
|
|
1527 happened.
|
|
|
1528
|
|
|
1529 New function `event-closest-point', which returns the closest buffer
|
|
|
1530 position to the event even if the event did not occur over any text.
|
|
|
1531
|
|
|
1532 New variable `unread-command-events', superseding the older
|
|
|
1533 `unread-command-event'.
|
|
|
1534
|
|
|
1535 Many event-loop bugs have been fixed.
|
|
|
1536
|
|
|
1537
|
|
|
1538
|
|
|
1539 *** Extents
|
|
|
1540 -----------
|
|
|
1541
|
|
|
1542 The extent code has been largely rewritten. It should be faster and
|
|
|
1543 more reliable.
|
|
|
1544
|
|
|
1545 The text-property implementation has been greatly improved.
|
|
|
1546
|
|
|
1547 Some new extent primitives are provided to return the position of the
|
|
|
1548 next or previous property change in a buffer.
|
|
|
1549
|
|
|
1550 Extents can now have a parent specified; then all of its properties
|
|
|
1551 (except for the buffer it's in and its position in that buffer) come
|
|
|
1552 from that extent. Hierarchies of such extents can be created.
|
|
|
1553
|
|
|
1554 Extents now have a `detachable' property that controls what happens
|
|
|
1555 (they either get detached or shrink down to zero-length) when their
|
|
|
1556 text is deleted. Previously, such extents would always be detached.
|
|
|
1557
|
|
|
1558 The `invisible' property on extents now works.
|
|
|
1559
|
|
|
1560 `map-extents' has three additional parameters that provide more
|
|
|
1561 control over which extents are mapped.
|
|
|
1562
|
|
|
1563 `map-extents' deals better with changes made to extents in the
|
|
|
1564 buffer being mapped over.
|
|
|
1565
|
|
|
1566 A new function `mapcar-extents' (an alternative to `map-extents') has
|
|
|
1567 been provided and should be easier to use than `map-extents'.
|
|
|
1568
|
|
|
1569
|
|
|
1570
|
|
|
1571 *** Faces
|
|
|
1572 ---------
|
|
|
1573
|
|
|
1574 Faces can now be buffer-local, window-local, and device-local as well
|
|
|
1575 as frame-local, and can be further restricted to a particular device
|
|
|
1576 type or class. The way in which faces can be controlled is now based
|
|
|
1577 on the general and powerful specifier mechanism; see above.
|
|
|
1578
|
|
|
1579 The new function `set-face-property' generalizes `set-face-font',
|
|
|
1580 `set-face-foreground', etc. and takes many new optional arguments, in
|
|
|
1581 accordance with the new specifier mechanism.
|
|
|
1582
|
|
|
1583 The new functions `face-property' and `face-property-instance'
|
|
|
1584 generalize `face-font', `face-foreground', etc. and take many new
|
|
|
1585 optional arguments, in accordance with the new specifier mechanism.
|
|
|
1586 (`face-property' returns the value, if any, that was specified for a
|
|
|
1587 particular locale, and `face-property-instance' returns the actual
|
|
|
1588 value that will be used for display. See the section on specifiers.)
|
|
|
1589
|
|
|
1590 The functions `face-font', `face-foreground', `face-background',
|
|
|
1591 `set-face-font', `set-face-foreground', `set-face-background',
|
|
|
1592 etc. are now convenience functions, trivially implemented using
|
|
|
1593 `face-property' and `set-face-property' and take new optioanl
|
|
|
1594 arguments in accordance with those functions. New convenience
|
|
|
1595 functions `face-font-instance', `face-foreground-instance',
|
|
|
1596 `face-background-instance', etc. are provided and are trivially
|
|
|
1597 implemented using `face-property-instance'.
|
|
|
1598
|
|
|
1599 Inheritance of face properties can now be specified. Each individual
|
|
|
1600 face property can inherit differently from other properties, or not
|
|
|
1601 inherit at all.
|
|
|
1602
|
|
|
1603 You can set user-defined properties on faces using
|
|
|
1604 `set-face-property'.
|
|
|
1605
|
|
|
1606 You can create "temporary" faces, which are faces that disappear
|
|
|
1607 when they are no longer in use. This is as opposed to normal
|
|
|
1608 faces, which stay around forever.
|
|
|
1609
|
|
|
1610 The function `make-face' takes a new optional argument specifying
|
|
|
1611 whether a face should be permanent or temporary, and returns the
|
|
|
1612 actual face object rather than the face symbol, as in previous
|
|
|
1613 versions of XEmacs.
|
|
|
1614
|
|
|
1615 The function `face-list' takes a new optional argument specifying
|
|
|
1616 whether permanent, temporary, or both kinds of faces should be
|
|
|
1617 returned.
|
|
|
1618
|
|
|
1619 Faces have new TTY-specific properties: `highlight', `reverse',
|
|
|
1620 `alternate', `blinking', and `dim'.
|
|
|
1621
|
|
|
1622 Redisplay is smarter about dealing with face changes: changes to a
|
|
|
1623 particular face no longer cause all frames to be cleared and
|
|
|
1624 redisplayed.
|
|
|
1625
|
|
|
1626 The Edit-Faces package is provided for interactively changing faces.
|
|
|
1627 A menu item on the options menu is provided for this.
|
|
|
1628
|
|
|
1629 New functions are provided for retrieving the ascent, descent, height,
|
|
|
1630 and width of a character in a particular face.
|
|
|
1631
|
|
|
1632
|
|
|
1633
|
|
|
1634 *** Fonts, Colors
|
|
|
1635 -----------------
|
|
|
1636
|
|
70
|
1637 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: The old "font" and "pixel" objects are gone.
|
|
0
|
1638 In place are new objects "font specifier", "font instance", "color
|
|
|
1639 specifier", and "color instance". Functions `font-name', `pixel-name'
|
|
|
1640 (an obsolete alias for `color-name'), etc. are now convenience
|
|
|
1641 functions for working with font and color specifiers. Old code that
|
|
|
1642 is not too sophisticated about working with font and pixel objects may
|
|
|
1643 still work, though. (For example, the idiom `(font-name (face-font
|
|
|
1644 'default))' still works.)
|
|
|
1645
|
|
|
1646 You can now extract the RGB components of a color-instance object
|
|
|
1647 (similar to the old pixel object) with the function
|
|
|
1648 `color-instance-rgb-components'. There is also a convenience function
|
|
|
1649 `color-rgb-components' for working with color specifiers.
|
|
|
1650
|
|
|
1651 If there are no more colors available in the colormap, the nearest
|
|
|
1652 existing color will be used when allocating a new color.
|
|
|
1653
|
|
|
1654
|
|
|
1655
|
|
|
1656 *** Frames
|
|
|
1657 ----------
|
|
|
1658
|
|
|
1659 What used to be called "screens" are now called "frames", for clarity
|
|
|
1660 and consistency with GNU Emacs. Aliases are provided for all the old
|
|
|
1661 screen functions and variables, to avoid introducing a huge E-Lisp
|
|
|
1662 incompatibility.
|
|
|
1663
|
|
|
1664 The frame code has been merged with GNU Emacs 19.28, providing
|
|
|
1665 improved functionality for many functions.
|
|
|
1666
|
|
|
1667
|
|
|
1668
|
|
|
1669 *** Glyphs, Images, and Pixmaps
|
|
|
1670 -------------------------------
|
|
|
1671
|
|
|
1672 Glyphs (used in various places, i.e. as begin-glyphs and end-glyphs
|
|
|
1673 attached to extents and appearing in a buffer or in marginal
|
|
|
1674 annotations; as the truncator and continuor glyphs marking line wrap
|
|
|
1675 or truncation; as an overlay at the beginning of a line; as the
|
|
|
1676 displayable element in a toolbar button; etc.) can now be
|
|
|
1677 buffer-local, window-local, frame-local, and device-local, and can be
|
|
|
1678 further restricted to a particular device type or class. The way in
|
|
|
1679 which faces can be controlled is now based on the general and powerful
|
|
|
1680 specifier mechanism; see above.
|
|
|
1681
|
|
70
|
1682 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: The glyph and pixmap API has been completely
|
|
0
|
1683 overhauled. A new Lisp object "glyph" is provided and should be used
|
|
|
1684 where the old "pixmap" object would have been used. The pixmap object
|
|
|
1685 exists no longer. There are also new Lisp objects "image specifier"
|
|
|
1686 and "image instance" (an image-instance is the closest equivalent to
|
|
|
1687 what a pixmap object was). More work on glyphs and images is slated
|
|
|
1688 for 19.13. The glyph and image docs in the Lisp Reference Manual are
|
|
|
1689 incomplete and will be finished in 19.13.
|
|
|
1690
|
|
|
1691 The new function `set-glyph-property' allows setting of all the
|
|
|
1692 glyph properties (`baseline', `contrib-p', etc.). Convenience
|
|
|
1693 functions for particular properties are also provided, just like
|
|
|
1694 for faces.
|
|
|
1695
|
|
|
1696 You can set user-defined properties on glyphs using the new function
|
|
|
1697 `set-glyph-property'.
|
|
|
1698
|
|
|
1699 When displaying pixmaps, existing, closest-matching colors will be
|
|
|
1700 used if the colormap is full.
|
|
|
1701
|
|
|
1702 If the compface library is compiled into XEmacs, there is built-in
|
|
|
1703 support for displaying X-Face bitmaps. (These are typically small
|
|
|
1704 pictures of people's faces, included in a mail message through the
|
|
|
1705 X-Face: header.) VM and highlight-headers will automatically use the
|
|
|
1706 built-in X-Face support if it is available.
|
|
|
1707
|
|
|
1708 Annotations in the right margin (as well as the left margin) are now
|
|
|
1709 implemented. The left and right margin width functions have been
|
|
|
1710 superseded by the specifier variables `left-margin-width' and
|
|
|
1711 `right-margin-width', allowing much more flexible control through the
|
|
|
1712 specifier mechanism.
|
|
|
1713
|
|
70
|
1714 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: The variable `use-left-overflow',
|
|
0
|
1715 for controlling annotations in the left margin, is now a specifier
|
|
|
1716 variable instead of a buffer-local variable. (There is also a new
|
|
|
1717 variable `use-right-overflow', that is complementary.)
|
|
|
1718
|
|
|
1719
|
|
|
1720
|
|
|
1721 *** Hashing
|
|
|
1722 -----------
|
|
|
1723
|
|
|
1724 Two new types of weak hashtables can be created: key-weak and
|
|
|
1725 value-weak. In a key-weak hashtable, an entry remains around
|
|
|
1726 if its key is referenced elsewhere, regardless of whether this
|
|
|
1727 is also the case for the value. Value-weak hashtables are
|
|
|
1728 complementary. (This is as opposed to the traditional weak
|
|
|
1729 hashtables, where an entry remains around only if both the
|
|
|
1730 key and value are referenced elsewhere.) New functions
|
|
|
1731 `make-key-weak-hashtable' and `make-value-weak-hashtable'
|
|
|
1732 are provided for creating these hashtables.
|
|
|
1733
|
|
|
1734 The new function `md5' is provided for performing an MD5
|
|
|
1735 hash of an object. MD5 is a secure message digest algorithm
|
|
|
1736 developed by RSA, inc.
|
|
|
1737
|
|
|
1738
|
|
|
1739
|
|
|
1740 *** Keymaps
|
|
|
1741 -----------
|
|
|
1742
|
|
116
|
1743 The GNU Emacs concept of `function-key-map' is now partially
|
|
0
|
1744 implemented. This allows conversion of function-key escape sequences
|
|
|
1745 such as `ESC [ 1 1 ~' into an equivalent human-readable keysym such as
|
|
|
1746 `F1'. This work will be completed in 19.14. The function-key map is
|
|
|
1747 device-local and controllable through the functions
|
|
|
1748 `device-function-key-map' and `set-device-function-key-map'.
|
|
|
1749
|
|
|
1750 `where-is-internal' now correctly searches minor-mode keymaps,
|
|
|
1751 extent-local keymaps, etc. As a side effect of this, menu items will
|
|
|
1752 now correctly show the keyboard equivalent for commands that are
|
|
|
1753 available through a minor-mode keymap, extent-local keymap, etc.
|
|
|
1754
|
|
70
|
1755 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: The modifier key "Symbol" has
|
|
0
|
1756 been renamed to "Alt", for compatibility with the rest of the world.
|
|
|
1757 Keep in mind that on many keyboards, the key labelled "Alt" actually
|
|
|
1758 generates the "Meta" modifier. (On Sun keyboards, however, the key
|
|
|
1759 labelled "Alt" does indeed generate the "Alt" modifier, and the key
|
|
|
1760 labelled with a diamond generates the "Meta" modifier.)
|
|
|
1761
|
|
|
1762
|
|
|
1763
|
|
|
1764 *** Mouse, Active Region
|
|
|
1765 ------------------------
|
|
|
1766
|
|
|
1767 The mouse internals in mouse.el have been rewritten. Hooks have been
|
|
|
1768 provided for easier customization of mouse behavior. For example, you
|
|
|
1769 can now easily specify an action to be invoked on single-click
|
|
|
1770 (i.e. down-up without appreciable motion), double-click, drag-up, etc.
|
|
|
1771
|
|
116
|
1772 Some code from GNU Emacs has been ported over, generalizing some of
|
|
0
|
1773 the X-specific mouse stuff.
|
|
|
1774
|
|
70
|
1775 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: The function `set-mouse-position' accepts
|
|
0
|
1776 a window instead of a frame.
|
|
|
1777
|
|
|
1778 New function `mouse-position' that obsoletes and is more powerful than
|
|
|
1779 `read-mouse-position'.
|
|
|
1780
|
|
|
1781 New functions `mouse-pixel-positon' and `set-mouse-pixel-position' for
|
|
|
1782 working with pixels instead of characters.
|
|
|
1783
|
|
|
1784 The active (Zmacs) region is now highlighted using the `zmacs-region-face'
|
|
|
1785 instead of the `primary-selection-face'; this generalizes what used
|
|
|
1786 to be X-specific.
|
|
|
1787
|
|
|
1788 New functions `region-active-p', `region-exists-p', and `activate-region'
|
|
|
1789 provide a uniform API for dealing with the region irrespective of
|
|
|
1790 whether the variable `zmacs-regions' is set.
|
|
|
1791
|
|
|
1792 XEmacs is now a better X citizen with respect to the primary selection:
|
|
|
1793 it does not stomp on the primary selection quite so much. This makes
|
|
|
1794 things more manageable if you set `zmacs-regions' to nil.
|
|
|
1795
|
|
|
1796
|
|
|
1797
|
|
|
1798 *** Processes
|
|
|
1799 -------------
|
|
|
1800
|
|
|
1801 Various process race conditions and bugs have been fixed. Problems
|
|
|
1802 with process termination not getting noticed until much later (if at
|
|
|
1803 all) should be gone now, as well as problems with zombie processes
|
|
|
1804 under some systems.
|
|
|
1805
|
|
|
1806 SOCKS support is now included. SOCKS is a package that allows hosts
|
|
|
1807 behind a firewall to gain full access to the Internet without
|
|
|
1808 requiring direct IP reachability.
|
|
|
1809
|
|
|
1810
|
|
|
1811
|
|
|
1812 *** Windows
|
|
|
1813 -----------
|
|
|
1814
|
|
|
1815 Windows 95 is still not out yet.
|
|
|
1816
|
|
70
|
1817 ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **: The functions `locate-window-from-coordinates'
|
|
0
|
1818 and `window-edges' have been eliminated. It no longer makes sense to
|
|
|
1819 work with windows in terms of character positions, because windows can
|
|
|
1820 (and often do) have many differently-sized fonts in them, because the
|
|
|
1821 3-D modeline is not exactly one line high, etc.
|
|
|
1822
|
|
|
1823 The new functions `window-pixel-edges', `window-highest-p',
|
|
|
1824 `window-lowest-p', `frame-highest-window', and `frame-lowest-window'
|
|
|
1825 are provided as substitutes for the above-mentioned, deleted
|
|
|
1826 functions.
|
|
|
1827
|
|
|
1828 The function `window-end' now takes an optional GUARANTEE argument
|
|
|
1829 that will ensure that the value is actually correct as of the next
|
|
|
1830 redisplay.
|
|
|
1831
|
|
|
1832 The window code has been merged with GNU Emacs 19.28, providing
|
|
|
1833 improved functionality for many functions.
|
|
|
1834
|
|
|
1835
|
|
|
1836
|
|
|
1837 *** System-Specific Information
|
|
|
1838 -------------------------------
|
|
|
1839
|
|
|
1840 Georg Nikodym's dynodump package is provided, for proper unexec()ing
|
|
|
1841 on Solaris systems. Executables built on Solaris 2.3 can now run on
|
|
|
1842 Solaris 2.4 without crashing; similarly with executables built on one
|
|
|
1843 type of Sun machine and run on another.
|
|
|
1844
|
|
|
1845 AIX 4.x is supported.
|
|
|
1846
|
|
|
1847 The NeXTstep operating system is supported in TTY mode (this is still
|
|
|
1848 in beta). There are plans to port XEmacs to the NeXTstep window
|
|
|
1849 system, but it may be awhile before this is complete.
|
|
|
1850
|
|
|
1851 Problems with the `round' function causing arithmetic errors on HPUX 9
|
|
|
1852 have been fixed.
|
|
|
1853
|
|
|
1854 You can now build XEmacs as an ELF executable on Linux systems that
|
|
|
1855 support ELF.
|
|
|
1856
|
|
|
1857 Various other new system configurations are supported.
|
|
|
1858
|
|
|
1859
|
|
|
1860
|
|
70
|
1861 *** Packages
|
|
|
1862 ------------
|
|
|
1863
|
|
|
1864 Most packages have been updated to the latest available versions.
|
|
|
1865
|
|
|
1866
|
|
|
1867 Some of the new Emacs Lisp packages ---
|
|
|
1868
|
|
|
1869 Hyperbole: the everyday information manager. Provides a Rolodex,
|
|
|
1870 allows links to be embedded in text, etc.
|
|
|
1871
|
|
|
1872 OOBR: a sophisticated class browser for object-oriented languages.
|
|
|
1873
|
|
|
1874 viper: a better VI emulator that allows Emacs and VI features
|
|
|
1875 to coexist happily.
|
|
|
1876
|
|
|
1877 hm--html-menus: a sophisticated package for editing HTML code,
|
|
|
1878 from Heiko Muenkel.
|
|
|
1879
|
|
|
1880 ksh-mode.el: for editing shell scripts.
|
|
|
1881
|
|
|
1882 lazy-lock.el: a lazy, on-the-fly fontifier.
|
|
|
1883
|
|
|
1884 paren.el: an improved matching paren highlighter
|
|
|
1885
|
|
|
1886
|
|
|
1887
|
|
|
1888 Major changes to existing packages --
|
|
|
1889
|
|
|
1890 VM: has a toolbar, many other nice features.
|
|
|
1891
|
|
|
1892 w3: has a toolbar, many other nice features.
|
|
|
1893
|
|
|
1894 ediff: provides three-way merging, has a better user interface.
|
|
|
1895
|
|
|
1896 info: has a toolbar.
|
|
|
1897
|
|
|
1898 highlight-headers.el: now highlights URL's and makes them active so
|
|
|
1899 that when clicked either Netscape 1.1 is called
|
|
|
1900 or Emacs W3 is run.
|
|
|
1901
|
|
0
|
1902
|
|
|
1903 ** Major Differences Between 19.10 and 19.11
|
|
|
1904 ============================================
|
|
70
|
1905
|
|
0
|
1906 The name has changed from "Lucid Emacs" to "XEmacs". Along with this is a
|
|
|
1907 new canonical ftp site: cs.uiuc.edu:/pub/xemacs.
|
|
|
1908
|
|
|
1909 XEmacs now has its very own World Wide Web page! It contains a
|
|
|
1910 complete list of the FTP distribution sites, the most recent FAQ,
|
|
|
1911 pointers to Emacs Lisp packages not included with the distribution, and
|
|
|
1912 other useful stuff. Check it out at http://xemacs.cs.uiuc.edu/.
|
|
|
1913
|
|
|
1914 A preliminary New Users Guide.
|
|
|
1915
|
|
|
1916 cc-mode.el now provides the default C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
|
|
|
1917
|
|
|
1918 The primary goal of this release is stability. Very few new features have
|
|
|
1919 been introduced but lots of bugs have been fixed. Many of the Emacs Lisp
|
|
|
1920 packages have been updated.
|
|
|
1921
|
|
|
1922 Some of the new Emacs Lisp packages ---
|
|
|
1923
|
|
|
1924 tcl-mode.el: major mode for editing TCL code
|
|
|
1925
|
|
|
1926 fast-lock.el: saves and restores font-lock highlighting, greatly
|
|
|
1927 reducing the time necessary for loading a font-lock'ed
|
|
|
1928 file
|
|
|
1929
|
|
|
1930 ps-print.el: prints buffers to Postscript printers preserving the
|
|
|
1931 buffer's bold and italic text attributes
|
|
|
1932
|
|
|
1933 toolbar.el: provides a "fake" toolbar for use with XEmacs (an
|
|
|
1934 integrated one will be included with 19.12)
|
|
|
1935
|
|
|
1936
|
|
|
1937 ** Major Differences Between 19.9 and 19.10
|
|
|
1938 ===========================================
|
|
|
1939
|
|
|
1940 The GNU `configure' system is now used to build lemacs.
|
|
|
1941
|
|
|
1942 The Emacs Manual and Emacs Lisp Reference Manual now document version 19.10.
|
|
|
1943 If you notice any errors, please let us know.
|
|
|
1944
|
|
|
1945 When pixmaps are displayed in a buffer, they contribute to the line height -
|
|
|
1946 that is, if the glyph is taller than the rest of the text on the line, the
|
|
|
1947 line will be as tall as necessary to display the glyph.
|
|
|
1948
|
|
|
1949 In addition to using arbitrary sound files as emacs beeps, one can control
|
|
|
1950 the pitch and duration of the standard X beep, on X servers which allow that
|
|
|
1951 (Note: most don't.)
|
|
|
1952
|
|
|
1953 There is support for playing sounds on systems with NetAudio servers.
|
|
|
1954
|
|
|
1955 Minor modes may have mode-specific key bindings; keymaps may have an arbitrary
|
|
|
1956 number of parent maps.
|
|
|
1957
|
|
|
1958 Menus can have toggle and radio buttons in them.
|
|
|
1959
|
|
|
1960 There is a font selection menu.
|
|
|
1961
|
|
|
1962 Some default key bindings have changed to match FSF19; the new bindings are
|
|
|
1963
|
|
|
1964 Screen-related commands:
|
|
|
1965 C-x 5 2 make-screen
|
|
|
1966 C-x 5 0 delete-screen
|
|
|
1967 C-x 5 b switch-to-buffer-other-screen
|
|
|
1968 C-x 5 f find-file-other-screen
|
|
|
1969 C-x 5 C-f find-file-other-screen
|
|
|
1970 C-x 5 m mail-other-screen
|
|
|
1971 C-x 5 o other-screen
|
|
|
1972 C-x 5 r find-file-read-only-other-screen
|
|
|
1973 Abbrev-related commands:
|
|
|
1974 C-x a l add-mode-abbrev
|
|
|
1975 C-x a C-a add-mode-abbrev
|
|
|
1976 C-x a g add-global-abbrev
|
|
|
1977 C-x a + add-mode-abbrev
|
|
|
1978 C-x a i g inverse-add-global-abbrev
|
|
|
1979 C-x a i l inverse-add-mode-abbrev
|
|
|
1980 C-x a - inverse-add-global-abbrev
|
|
|
1981 C-x a e expand-abbrev
|
|
|
1982 C-x a ' expand-abbrev
|
|
|
1983 Register-related commands:
|
|
|
1984 C-x r C-SPC point-to-register
|
|
|
1985 C-x r SPC point-to-register
|
|
|
1986 C-x r j jump-to-register
|
|
|
1987 C-x r s copy-to-register
|
|
|
1988 C-x r x copy-to-register
|
|
|
1989 C-x r i insert-register
|
|
|
1990 C-x r g insert-register
|
|
|
1991 C-x r r copy-rectangle-to-register
|
|
|
1992 C-x r c clear-rectangle
|
|
|
1993 C-x r k kill-rectangle
|
|
|
1994 C-x r y yank-rectangle
|
|
|
1995 C-x r o open-rectangle
|
|
|
1996 C-x r t string-rectangle
|
|
|
1997 C-x r w window-configuration-to-register
|
|
|
1998 Narrowing-related commands:
|
|
|
1999 C-x n n narrow-to-region
|
|
|
2000 C-x n w widen
|
|
|
2001 Other changes:
|
|
|
2002 C-x 3 split-window-horizontally (was undefined)
|
|
|
2003 C-x - shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
|
|
|
2004 C-x + balance-windows
|
|
|
2005
|
|
70
|
2006 The variable allow-deletion-of-last-visible-screen has been removed, since
|
|
0
|
2007 it was widely hated. You can now always delete the last visible screen if
|
|
|
2008 there are other iconified screens in existence.
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2010 ToolTalk support is provided.
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
2012 An Emacs screen can be placed within an "external client widget" managed
|
|
|
2013 by another application. This allows an application to use an Emacs screen
|
|
|
2014 as its text pane rather than the standard Text widget that is provided
|
|
|
2015 with Motif or Athena.
|
|
|
2016
|
|
|
2017 Additional compatibility with Epoch is provided (though this is not yet
|
|
|
2018 complete.)
|
|
|
2019
|
|
|
2020
|
|
|
2021 ** Major Differences Between 19.8 and 19.9
|
|
|
2022 ==========================================
|
|
|
2023
|
|
|
2024 Scrollbars! If you have Motif, these are real Motif scrollbars; otherwise,
|
|
|
2025 Athena scrollbars are used. They obey all the usual resources of their
|
|
|
2026 respective toolkits.
|
|
|
2027
|
|
2
|
2028 There is now an implementation of dialog boxes based on the Athena
|
|
0
|
2029 widgets, as well as the existing Motif implementation.
|
|
|
2030
|
|
70
|
2031 This release works with Motif 1.2 as well as 1.1. If you link with Motif,
|
|
0
|
2032 you do not also need to link with Athena.
|
|
|
2033
|
|
|
2034 If you compile lwlib with both USE_MOTIF and USE_LUCID defined (which is the
|
|
|
2035 recommended configuration) then the Lucid menus will draw text using the Motif
|
|
|
2036 string-drawing library, instead of the Xlib one. The reason for this is that
|
|
|
2037 one can take advantage of the XmString facilities for including non-Latin1
|
|
|
2038 characters in resource specifications. However, this is a user-visible change
|
|
70
|
2039 in that, in this configuration, the menubar will use the "*fontList" resource
|
|
0
|
2040 in preference to the "*font" resource, if it is set.
|
|
|
2041
|
|
|
2042 It's possible to make extents which are copied/pasted by kill and undo.
|
|
|
2043 There is an implementation of FSF19-style text properties based on this.
|
|
|
2044
|
|
|
2045 There is a new variable, minibuffer-max-depth, which is intended to circumvent
|
|
|
2046 a common source of confusion among new Emacs users. Since, under a window
|
|
|
2047 system, it's easy to jump out of the minibuffer (by doing M-x, then getting
|
|
|
2048 distracted, and clicking elsewhere) many, many novice users have had the
|
|
|
2049 problem of having multiple minibuffers build up, even to the point of
|
|
|
2050 exhausting the lisp stack. So the default behavior is to disallow the
|
|
|
2051 minibuffer to ever be reinvoked while active; if you attempt to do so, you
|
|
|
2052 will be prompted about it.
|
|
|
2053
|
|
|
2054 There is a new variable, teach-extended-commands-p, which if set, will cause
|
|
|
2055 `M-x' to remind you of any key bindings of the command you just invoked the
|
|
|
2056 "long way."
|
|
|
2057
|
|
|
2058 There are menus in Dired, Tar, Comint, Compile, and Grep modes.
|
|
|
2059
|
|
|
2060 There is a menu of window management commands on the right mouse button over
|
|
|
2061 the modelines.
|
|
|
2062
|
|
70
|
2063 Popup menus now have titles at the top; this is controlled by the new
|
|
0
|
2064 variable `popup-menu-titles'.
|
|
|
2065
|
|
|
2066 The `Find' key on Sun keyboards will search for the next (or previous)
|
|
|
2067 occurrence of the selected text, as in OpenWindows programs.
|
|
|
2068
|
|
|
2069 The `timer' package has been renamed to `itimer' to avoid a conflict with
|
|
|
2070 a different package called `timer'.
|
|
|
2071
|
|
|
2072 VM 5.40 is included.
|
|
|
2073
|
|
|
2074 W3, the emacs interface to the World Wide Web, is included.
|
|
|
2075
|
|
|
2076 Felix Lee's GNUS speedups have been installed, including his new version of
|
|
|
2077 nntp.el which makes GNUS efficiently utilize the NNTP XOVER command if
|
|
70
|
2078 available (which is much faster.)
|
|
0
|
2079
|
|
|
2080 GNUS should also be much friendlier to new users: it starts up much faster,
|
|
|
2081 and doesn't (necessarily) subscribe you to every single newsgroup.
|
|
|
2082
|
|
|
2083 The byte-compiler issues a new class of warnings: variables which are
|
|
|
2084 bound but not used. This is merely an advisory, and does not mean the
|
|
|
2085 code is incorrect; you can disable these warnings in the usual way with
|
|
|
2086 the `byte-compiler-options' macro.
|
|
|
2087
|
|
|
2088 the `start-open' and `end-open' extent properties, for specifying whether
|
|
|
2089 characters inserted exactly at a boundary of an extent should go into the
|
|
|
2090 extent or out of it, now work correctly.
|
|
|
2091
|
|
|
2092 The `extent-data' slot has been generalized/replaced with a property list,
|
|
|
2093 so it's easier to attach arbitrary data to extent objects.
|
|
|
2094
|
|
|
2095 The `event-modifiers' and `event-modifier-bits' functions work on motion
|
|
|
2096 events as well as other mouse and keyboard events.
|
|
|
2097
|
|
|
2098 Forms-mode uses fonts and read-only regions.
|
|
|
2099
|
|
|
2100 The behavior of the -geometry command line option should be correct now.
|
|
|
2101
|
|
|
2102 The `iconic' screen parameter works when passed to x-create-screen.
|
|
|
2103
|
|
|
2104 The user's manual now documents Lucid Emacs 19.9.
|
|
|
2105
|
|
|
2106 The relocating buffer allocator is turned on by default; this means that when
|
|
70
|
2107 buffers are killed, their storage will be returned to the operating system,
|
|
0
|
2108 and the size of the emacs process will shrink.
|
|
|
2109
|
|
|
2110 CAVEAT: code which contains calls to certain `face' accessor functions will
|
|
|
2111 need to be recompiled by version 19.9 before it will work. The functions
|
|
|
2112 whose callers must be recompiled are: face-font, face-foreground,
|
|
|
2113 face-background, face-background-pixmap, and face-underline-p. The symptom
|
|
|
2114 of this problem is the error "Wrong type argument, arrayp, #<face ... >".
|
|
|
2115 The .elc files generated by version 19.9 will work in 19.6 and 19.8, but
|
|
|
2116 older .elc files which contain calls to these functions will not work in 19.9.
|
|
|
2117
|
|
|
2118 Work In Progress:
|
|
|
2119
|
|
|
2120 - We have been in the process of internationalizing Lucid Emacs. This code is
|
|
|
2121 ***not*** ready for general use yet. However, the code is included (and
|
|
|
2122 turned off by default) in this release.
|
|
|
2123
|
|
|
2124 - If you define I18N2 at compile-time, then sorting/collation will be done
|
|
|
2125 according to the locale returned by setlocale().
|
|
|
2126
|
|
|
2127 - If you define I18N3 at compile-time, then all messages printed by lemacs
|
|
|
2128 will be filtered through the gettext() library routine, to enable the use
|
|
|
2129 of locale-specific translation catalogues. The current implementation of
|
|
70
|
2130 this is quite dependent on Solaris 2, and has a very large impact on
|
|
0
|
2131 existing code, therefore we are going to be making major changes soon.
|
|
|
2132 (You'll notice calls to `gettext' and `GETTEXT' scattered around much of
|
|
|
2133 the lisp and C code; ignore it, this will be going away.)
|
|
|
2134
|
|
|
2135 - If you define I18N4 at compile-time, then lemacs will internally use a
|
|
|
2136 wide representation of characters, enabling the use of large character
|
|
70
|
2137 sets such as Kanji. This code is very OS dependent: it requires X11R5,
|
|
0
|
2138 and several OS-supplied library routines for reading and writing wide
|
|
|
2139 characters (getwc(), putwc(), and a few others.) Performance is also a
|
|
|
2140 problem. This code is also scheduled for a major overhaul, with the
|
|
70
|
2141 intent of improving performance and portability.
|
|
0
|
2142
|
|
|
2143 Our eventual goal is to merge with MULE, or at least provide the same base
|
|
70
|
2144 level of functionality. If you would like to help out with this, let us
|
|
0
|
2145 know.
|
|
|
2146
|
|
70
|
2147 - Other work-in-progress includes Motif drag-and-drop support, ToolTalk
|
|
|
2148 support, and support for embedding an Emacs widget inside another
|
|
0
|
2149 application (where it can function as that other application's text-entry
|
|
|
2150 area). This code has not been extensively tested, and may (or may not)
|
|
70
|
2151 have portability problems, but it's there for the adventurous. Comments,
|
|
0
|
2152 suggestions, bug reports, and especially fixes are welcome. But have no
|
|
|
2153 expectations that this experimental code will work at all.
|
|
|
2154
|
|
|
2155
|
|
|
2156 ** Major Differences Between 19.6 and 19.8
|
|
|
2157 ==========================================
|
|
|
2158
|
|
|
2159 There were almost no differences between versions 19.6 and 19.7; version 19.7
|
|
|
2160 was a bug-fix release that was distributed with Energize 2.1.
|
|
|
2161
|
|
|
2162 Lucid Emacs 19.8 represents the first stage of the Lucid Emacs/Epoch merger.
|
|
|
2163 The redisplay engine now in lemacs is an improved descendant of the Epoch
|
|
|
2164 redisplay. As a result, many bugs have been eliminated, and several disabled
|
|
|
2165 features have been re-enabled. Notably:
|
|
|
2166
|
|
|
2167 Selective display (and outline-mode) work.
|
|
|
2168
|
|
|
2169 Horizontally split windows work.
|
|
|
2170
|
|
|
2171 The height of a line is the height of the tallest font displayed on that line;
|
|
|
2172 it is possible for a screen to display lines of differing heights. (Previously,
|
|
|
2173 the height of all lines was the height of the tallest font loaded.)
|
|
|
2174
|
|
|
2175 There is lisp code to scale fonts up and down, for example, to load the next-
|
|
|
2176 taller version of a font.
|
|
|
2177
|
|
|
2178 There is a new internal representation for lisp objects, giving emacs-lisp 28
|
|
|
2179 bit integers and a 28 bit address space, up from the previous maximum of 26.
|
|
|
2180 We expect eventually to increase this to 30 bit integers and a 32 bit address
|
|
|
2181 space, eliminating the need for DATA_SEG_BITS on some architectures. (On 64
|
|
|
2182 bit machines, add 32 to all of these numbers.)
|
|
|
2183
|
|
|
2184 GC performance is improved.
|
|
|
2185
|
|
|
2186 Various X objects (fonts, colors, cursors, pixmaps) are accessible as first-
|
|
|
2187 class lisp objects, with finalization.
|
|
|
2188
|
|
|
2189 An alternate interface to embedding images in the text is provided, called
|
|
|
2190 "annotations." You may create an "annotation margin" which is whitespace at
|
|
|
2191 the left side of the screen that contains only annotations, not buffer text.
|
|
|
2192
|
|
|
2193 When using XPM files, one can specify the values of logical color names to be
|
|
|
2194 used when loading the files.
|
|
|
2195
|
|
|
2196 It is possible to resize windows by dragging their modelines up and down. More
|
|
|
2197 generally, it is possible to add bindings for mouse gestures on the modelines.
|
|
|
2198
|
|
|
2199 There is support for playing sound files on HP machines.
|
|
|
2200
|
|
|
2201 ILISP version 5.5 is included.
|
|
|
2202
|
|
|
2203 The Common Lisp #' read syntax is supported (#' is to "function" as ' is to
|
|
|
2204 "quote".)
|
|
|
2205
|
|
|
2206 The `active-p' slot of menu items is now evaluated, so one can put arbitrary
|
|
|
2207 lisp code in a menu to decide whether that item should be selectable, rather
|
|
|
2208 than doing this with an `activate-menubar-hook'.
|
|
|
2209
|
|
|
2210 The X resource hierarchy has changed slightly, to be more consistent. It used
|
|
|
2211 to be
|
|
|
2212 argv[0] SCREEN-NAME pane screen
|
|
|
2213 ApplicationShell EmacsShell Paned EmacsFrame
|
|
|
2214
|
|
|
2215 now it is
|
|
|
2216
|
|
|
2217 argv[0] shell pane SCREEN-NAME
|
|
|
2218 ApplicationShell EmacsShell Paned EmacsFrame
|
|
|
2219
|
|
|
2220 The Lucid Emacs sources have been largely merged with FSF version 19; this
|
|
|
2221 means that the lisp library contains the most recent releases of various
|
|
|
2222 packages, and many new features of FSF 19 have been incorporated.
|
|
|
2223
|
|
|
2224 Because of this, the lemacs sources should also be substantially more portable.
|
|
|
2225
|
|
|
2226
|
|
|
2227 ** Major Differences Between 19.4 and 19.6
|
|
|
2228 ==========================================
|
|
|
2229
|
|
|
2230 There were almost no differences between versions 19.4 and 19.5; we fixed
|
|
|
2231 a few minor bugs and repacked 19.4 as 19.5 for a CD-ROM that we gave away
|
|
|
2232 as a trade show promotion.
|
|
|
2233
|
|
|
2234 The primary goal of the 19.6 release is stability, rather than improved
|
|
|
2235 functionality, so there aren't many user-visible changes. The most notable
|
|
|
2236 changes are:
|
|
|
2237
|
|
|
2238 - The -geometry command-line option now correctly overrides geometry
|
|
|
2239 specifications in the resource database.
|
|
|
2240 - The `width' and `height' screen-parameters work.
|
|
|
2241 - Font-lock-mode considers the comment start and end characters to be
|
|
|
2242 a part of the comment.
|
|
|
2243 - The lhilit package has been removed. Use font-lock-mode instead.
|
|
|
2244 - vm-isearch has been fixed to work with isearch-mode.
|
|
|
2245 - new versions of ispell and calendar.
|
|
|
2246 - sccs.el has menus.
|
|
|
2247
|
|
|
2248 Lots of bugs were fixed, including the problem that lemacs occasionally
|
|
|
2249 grabbed the keyboard focus.
|
|
|
2250
|
|
|
2251 Also, as of Lucid Emacs 19.6 and Energize 2.0 (shipping now) it is possible
|
|
|
2252 to compile the public release of Lucid Emacs with support for Energize; so
|
|
|
2253 now Energize users will be able to build their own Energize-aware versions
|
|
|
2254 of lemacs, and will be able to use newer versions of lemacs as they are
|
|
|
2255 released to the net. (Of course, this is not behavior covered by your
|
|
|
2256 Energize support contract; you do it at your own risk.)
|
|
|
2257
|
|
|
2258 I have not incorporated all portability patches that I have been sent since
|
|
|
2259 19.4; I will try to get to them soon. However, if you need to make any
|
|
|
2260 changes to lemacs to get it to compile on your system, it would be quite
|
|
|
2261 helpful if you would send me context diffs (diff -c) against version 19.6.
|
|
|
2262
|
|
|
2263
|
|
|
2264 ** Major Differences Between 19.3 and 19.4
|
|
|
2265 ==========================================
|
|
|
2266
|
|
|
2267 Prototypes have been added for all functions. Emacs compiles in the strict
|
|
|
2268 ANSI modes of lcc and gcc, so portability should be vastly improved.
|
|
|
2269
|
|
70
|
2270 Many many many many core leaks have been plugged, especially in screen
|
|
0
|
2271 creation and deletion.
|
|
|
2272
|
|
|
2273 The float support reworked to be more portable and ANSI conformant. This
|
|
70
|
2274 resulted in these new configuration parameters: HAVE_INVERSE_HYPERBOLIC,
|
|
|
2275 HAVE_CBRT, HAVE_RINT, FLOAT_CHECK_ERRNO, FLOAT_CATCH_SIGILL,
|
|
0
|
2276 FLOAT_CHECK_DOMAIN. Let us know if you had to change the defaults on your
|
|
|
2277 architecture.
|
|
|
2278
|
|
70
|
2279 The SunOS unexec has been rewritten, and now works with either static or
|
|
0
|
2280 dynamic libraries, depending on whether -Bstatic or -Bdynamic were specified
|
|
|
2281 at link-time.
|
|
|
2282
|
|
|
2283 Small (character-sized) bitmaps can be mixed in with buffer text via the new
|
|
|
2284 functions set-extent-begin-glyph and set-extent-end-glyph. (This is actually
|
|
|
2285 a piece of functionality that Energize has been using for a while, but we've
|
|
|
2286 just gotten around to making it possible to use it without Energize. See how
|
|
|
2287 nice we are? Go buy our product.)
|
|
|
2288
|
|
|
2289 If compiled with Motif support, one can pop up dialog boxes from emacs lisp.
|
|
|
2290 We encourage someone to contribute Athena an version of this code; it
|
|
70
|
2291 shouldn't be much work.
|
|
0
|
2292
|
|
|
2293 If dialog boxes are available, then y-or-n-p and yes-or-no-p use dialog boxes
|
|
70
|
2294 instead of the minibuffer if invoked as a result of a command that was
|
|
0
|
2295 executed from a menu instead of from the keyboard.
|
|
|
2296
|
|
|
2297 Multiple screen support works better; check out doc of get-screen-for-buffer.
|
|
|
2298
|
|
|
2299 The default binding of backspace is the same as delete. (C-h is still help.)
|
|
|
2300
|
|
70
|
2301 A middle click while the minibuffer is active does completion if you click on
|
|
0
|
2302 a highlighted completion, otherwise it executes the global binding of button2.
|
|
|
2303
|
|
|
2304 New versions of Barry Warsaw's c++-mode and syntax.c. Font-lock-mode works
|
|
|
2305 with C++ mode now.
|
|
|
2306
|
|
|
2307 The semantics of activate-menubar-hook has changed; the functions are called
|
|
|
2308 with no arguments now.
|
|
|
2309
|
|
|
2310 `truename' no longer hacks the automounter; use directory-abbrev-alist instead.
|
|
|
2311
|
|
|
2312 Most minibuffer handling has been reimplemented in emacs-lisp.
|
|
|
2313
|
|
|
2314 There is now a builtin minibuffer history mechanism which replaces gmhist.
|
|
|
2315
|
|
|
2316
|
|
|
2317 ** Major Differences Between 19.2 and 19.3
|
|
|
2318 ==========================================
|
|
|
2319
|
|
|
2320 The ISO characters have correct case and syntax tables now, so the word-motion
|
|
|
2321 and case-converting commands work sensibly on them.
|
|
|
2322
|
|
|
2323 If you set ctl-arrow to an integer, you can control exactly which characters
|
|
|
2324 are printable. (There will be a less crufty way to do this eventually.)
|
|
|
2325
|
|
|
2326 Menubars can now be buffer local; the function set-screen-menubar no longer
|
|
70
|
2327 exists. Look at GNUS and VM for examples of how to do this, or read
|
|
0
|
2328 menubar.el.
|
|
|
2329
|
|
|
2330 When emacs is reading from the minibuffer with completions, any completions
|
|
|
2331 which are visible on the screen will highlight when the mouse moves over them;
|
|
|
2332 clicking middle on a completion is the same as typing it at the minibuffer.
|
|
|
2333 Some implications of this: The *Completions* buffer is always mousable. If
|
|
|
2334 you're using the completion feature of find-tag, your source code will be
|
|
70
|
2335 mousable when you type M-. Dired buffers will be mousable as soon as you
|
|
0
|
2336 type ^X^F. And so on.
|
|
|
2337
|
|
|
2338 The old isearch code has been replaced with a descendant of Dan LaLiberte's
|
|
|
2339 excellent isearch-mode; it is more customizable, and generally less bogus.
|
|
|
2340 You can search for "composed" characters. There are new commands, too; see
|
|
|
2341 the doc for ^S, or the NEWS file.
|
|
|
2342
|
|
|
2343 A patched GNUS 3.14 is included.
|
|
|
2344
|
|
|
2345 The user's manual now documents Lucid Emacs 19.3.
|
|
|
2346
|
|
|
2347 A few more modes have mouse and menu support.
|
|
|
2348
|
|
|
2349 The startup code should be a little more robust, and give you more reasonable
|
|
|
2350 error messages when things aren't installed quite right (instead of the
|
|
|
2351 ubiquitous "cannot open DISPLAY"...)
|
|
|
2352
|
|
|
2353 Subdirectories of the lisp directory whose names begin with a hyphen or dot
|
|
|
2354 are not automatically added to the load-path, so you can use this to avoid
|
|
|
2355 accidentally inflicting experimental software on your users.
|
|
|
2356
|
|
|
2357 I've tried to incorporate all of the portability patches that were sent to
|
|
70
|
2358 me; I tried to solve some of the problems in different ways than the
|
|
0
|
2359 patches did, so let me know if I missed something.
|
|
|
2360
|
|
|
2361 Some systems will need to define NEED_STRDUP, NEED_REALPATH, HAVE_DREM, or
|
|
|
2362 HAVE_REMAINDER in config.h. Really this should be done in the appropriate
|
|
|
2363 s- or m- files, but I don't know which systems need these and which don't.
|
|
|
2364 If yours does, let me know which file it should be in.
|
|
|
2365
|
|
|
2366 Check out these new packages:
|
|
|
2367
|
|
|
2368 blink-paren.el: causes the matching parenthesis to flash on and off whenever
|
|
|
2369 the cursor is sitting on a paren-syntax character.
|
|
|
2370
|
|
|
2371 pending-del.el: Certain commands implicitly delete the highlighted region:
|
|
|
2372 Typing a character when there is a highlighted region replaces
|
|
|
2373 that region with the typed character.
|
|
|
2374
|
|
|
2375 font-lock.el: A code-highlighting package, driven off of syntax tables, so
|
|
70
|
2376 that it understands block comments, strings, etc. The
|
|
0
|
2377 insertion hook is used to fontify text as you type it in.
|
|
|
2378
|
|
|
2379 shell-font.el: Displays your shell-buffer prompt in boldface.
|
|
124
|
2380
|
|
|
2381 * The History of XEmacs
|
|
|
2382 =======================
|
|
|
2383
|
|
|
2384 This product is an extension of GNU Emacs, previously known to some as
|
|
|
2385 "Lucid Emacs" or "ERA". It was initially based on an early version of Emacs
|
|
|
2386 Version 19 from the Free Software Foundation and has since been kept
|
|
|
2387 up-to-date with recent versions of that product. It stems from a
|
|
|
2388 collaboration of Lucid, Inc. with SunSoft DevPro (a division of Sun
|
|
|
2389 Microsystems, Inc.; formerly called SunPro) and the University of Illinois.
|
|
|
2390
|
|
|
2391 NOTE: Lucid, Inc. is currently out of business but development on XEmacs
|
|
|
2392 continues strong. Recently, Amdahl Corporation and INS Engineering have
|
|
|
2393 both contributed significantly to the development of XEmacs.
|
|
|
2394
|
|
|
2395
|
|
|
2396 * What's Different?
|
|
|
2397 ===================
|
|
|
2398
|
|
|
2399
|
|
|
2400 ** Differences between XEmacs and GNU Emacs 19
|
|
|
2401 ==================================================
|
|
|
2402 In XEmacs 20, characters are first-class objects. Characters can be
|
|
|
2403 converted to integers, but are not integers. FSF 19, XEmacs 19, and Mule
|
|
|
2404 represent them as integers.
|
|
|
2405
|
|
|
2406 In XEmacs, events are first-class objects. FSF 19 represents them as
|
|
|
2407 integers, which obscures the differences between a key gesture and the
|
|
|
2408 ancient ASCII code used to represent a particular overlapping subset of them.
|
|
|
2409
|
|
|
2410 In XEmacs, keymaps are first-class opaque objects. FSF 19 represents them as
|
|
|
2411 complicated combinations of association lists and vectors. If you use the
|
|
|
2412 advertised functional interface to manipulation of keymaps, the same code
|
|
|
2413 will work in XEmacs, Emacs 18, and GNU Emacs 19; if your code depends
|
|
|
2414 on the underlying implementation of keymaps, it will not.
|
|
|
2415
|
|
|
2416 XEmacs uses "extents" to represent all non-textual aspects of buffers;
|
|
|
2417 FSF 19 uses two distinct objects, "text properties" and "overlays",
|
|
|
2418 which divide up the functionality between them. Extents are a
|
|
|
2419 superset of the functionality of the two FSF data types. The full FSF
|
|
|
2420 19 interface to text properties is supported in XEmacs (with extents
|
|
|
2421 being the underlying representation).
|
|
|
2422
|
|
|
2423 Extents can be made to be copied into strings, and thus restored by kill
|
|
|
2424 and yank. Thus, one can specify this behavior on either "extents" or
|
|
|
2425 "text properties", whereas in FSF 19 text properties always have this
|
|
|
2426 behavior and overlays never do.
|
|
|
2427
|
|
|
2428 Many more packages are provided standard with XEmacs than with FSF 19.
|
|
|
2429
|
|
|
2430 Pixmaps of arbitrary size can be embedded in a buffer.
|
|
|
2431
|
|
|
2432 Variable width fonts work.
|
|
|
2433
|
|
|
2434 The height of a line is the height of the tallest font on that line, instead
|
|
|
2435 of all lines having the same height.
|
|
|
2436
|
|
|
2437 XEmacs uses the MIT "Xt" toolkit instead of raw Xlib calls, which
|
|
|
2438 makes it be a more well-behaved X citizen (and also improves
|
|
|
2439 portability). A result of this is that it is possible to include
|
|
|
2440 other Xt "Widgets" in the XEmacs window. Also, XEmacs understands the
|
|
|
2441 standard Xt command-line arguments.
|
|
|
2442
|
|
|
2443 XEmacs provides support for ToolTalk on systems that have it.
|
|
|
2444
|
|
|
2445 XEmacs can ask questions using popup dialog boxes. Any command executed from
|
|
|
2446 a menu will ask yes/no questions with dialog boxes, while commands executed
|
|
|
2447 via the keyboard will use the minibuffer.
|
|
|
2448
|
|
|
2449 XEmacs has a built-in toolbar. Four toolbars can actually be configured:
|
|
|
2450 top, bottom, left, and right toolbars.
|
|
|
2451
|
|
|
2452 XEmacs has vertical and horizontal scrollbars. Unlike in FSF 19 (which
|
|
|
2453 provides a primitive form of vertical scrollbar), these are true toolkit
|
|
|
2454 scrollbars. A look-alike Motif scrollbar is provided for those who
|
|
|
2455 don't have Motif. (Even for those who do, the look-alike may be preferable
|
|
|
2456 as it is faster.)
|
|
|
2457
|
|
|
2458 If you're running on a machine with audio hardware, you can specify sound
|
|
|
2459 files for XEmacs to play instead of the default X beep. See the documentation
|
|
|
2460 of the function load-sound-file and the variable sound-alist.
|
|
|
2461
|
|
|
2462 An XEmacs frame can be placed within an "external client widget" managed by
|
|
|
2463 another application. This allows an application to use an XEmacs frame as its
|
|
|
2464 text pane rather than the standard Text widget that is provided with Motif or
|
|
|
2465 Athena. XEmacs supports Motif applications, generic Xt (e.g. Athena)
|
|
|
2466 applications, and raw Xlib applications.
|
|
|
2467
|
|
|
2468 Here are some more specifics about the XEmacs implementation:
|
|
|
2469
|
|
|
2470 *** The Input Model
|
|
|
2471 -------------------
|
|
|
2472
|
|
|
2473 The fundamental unit of input is an "event" instead of a character. An
|
|
|
2474 event is a new data type that contains several pieces of information.
|
|
|
2475 There are several kinds of event, and corresponding accessor and utility
|
|
|
2476 functions. We tried to abstract them so that they would apply equally
|
|
|
2477 well to a number of window systems.
|
|
|
2478
|
|
|
2479 NOTE: All timestamps are measured as milliseconds since Emacs started.
|
|
|
2480
|
|
|
2481 key_press_event
|
|
|
2482 event_channel A token representing which keyboard generated it.
|
|
|
2483 For this kind of event, this is a console object.
|
|
|
2484 timestamp When it happened
|
|
|
2485 key What keysym this is; a character or a symbol.
|
|
|
2486 If it is a character, it will be a printing
|
|
|
2487 ASCII character.
|
|
|
2488 modifiers Bucky-bits on that key: control, meta, etc.
|
|
|
2489 For most keys, Shift is not a bit; that is implicit
|
|
|
2490 in the keyboard layout.
|
|
|
2491
|
|
|
2492 button_press_event
|
|
|
2493 button_release_event
|
|
|
2494 event_channel A token representing which mouse generated it.
|
|
|
2495 For this kind of event, this is a frame object.
|
|
|
2496 timestamp When it happened
|
|
|
2497 button What button went down or up.
|
|
|
2498 modifiers Bucky-bits on that button: shift, control, meta, etc.
|
|
|
2499 x, y Where it was at the button-state-change (in pixels).
|
|
|
2500
|
|
|
2501 pointer_motion_event
|
|
|
2502 event_channel A token representing which mouse generated it.
|
|
|
2503 For this kind of event, this is a frame object.
|
|
|
2504 timestamp When it happened
|
|
|
2505 x, y Where it was after it moved (in pixels).
|
|
|
2506 modifiers Bucky-bits down when the motion was detected.
|
|
|
2507 (Possibly not all window systems will provide this?)
|
|
|
2508
|
|
|
2509 process_event
|
|
|
2510 timestamp When it happened
|
|
|
2511 process the emacs "process" object in question
|
|
|
2512
|
|
|
2513 timeout_event
|
|
|
2514 timestamp Now (really, when the timeout was signaled)
|
|
|
2515 interval_id The ID returned when the associated call to
|
|
|
2516 add_timeout_cb() was made
|
|
|
2517 ------ the rest of the fields are filled in by Emacs -----
|
|
|
2518 id_number The Emacs timeout ID for this timeout (more
|
|
|
2519 than one timeout event can have the same value
|
|
|
2520 here, since Emacs timeouts, as opposed to
|
|
|
2521 add_timeout_cb() timeouts, can resignal
|
|
|
2522 themselves)
|
|
|
2523 function An elisp function to call when this timeout is
|
|
|
2524 processed.
|
|
|
2525 object The object passed to that function.
|
|
|
2526
|
|
|
2527 eval_event
|
|
|
2528 timestamp When it happened
|
|
|
2529 function An elisp function to call with this event object.
|
|
|
2530 object Anything.
|
|
|
2531 This kind of event is used internally; sometimes the
|
|
|
2532 window system interface would like to inform emacs of
|
|
|
2533 some user action (such as focusing on another frame)
|
|
|
2534 but needs that to happen synchronously with the other
|
|
|
2535 user input, like keypresses. This is useful when
|
|
|
2536 events are reported through callbacks rather
|
|
|
2537 than in the standard event stream.
|
|
|
2538
|
|
|
2539 misc_user_event
|
|
|
2540 timestamp When it happened
|
|
|
2541 function An elisp function to call with this event object.
|
|
|
2542 object Anything.
|
|
|
2543 This is similar to an eval_event, except that it is
|
|
|
2544 generated by user actions: selections in the
|
|
|
2545 menubar or scrollbar actions. It is a "command"
|
|
|
2546 event, like key and mouse presses (and unlike mouse
|
|
|
2547 motion, process output, and enter and leave window
|
|
|
2548 hooks). In many ways, eval_events are not the same
|
|
|
2549 as keypresses or misc_user_events.
|
|
|
2550
|
|
|
2551 magic_event
|
|
|
2552 No user-serviceable parts within. This is for things
|
|
|
2553 like KeymapNotify and ExposeRegion events and so on
|
|
|
2554 that emacs itself doesn't care about, but which it
|
|
|
2555 must do something with for proper interaction with
|
|
|
2556 the window system.
|
|
|
2557
|
|
|
2558 Magic_events are handled somewhat asynchronously, just
|
|
|
2559 like subprocess filters. However, occasionally a
|
|
|
2560 magic_event needs to be handled synchronously; in that
|
|
|
2561 case, the asynchronous handling of the magic_event will
|
|
|
2562 push an eval_event back onto the queue, which will be
|
|
|
2563 handled synchronously later. This is one of the
|
|
|
2564 reasons why eval_events exist; I'm not entirely happy
|
|
|
2565 with this aspect of this event model.
|
|
|
2566
|
|
|
2567
|
|
|
2568 The function `next-event' blocks and returns one of the above-described
|
|
|
2569 event objects. The function `dispatch-event' takes an event and processes
|
|
|
2570 it in the appropriate way.
|
|
|
2571
|
|
|
2572 For a process-event, dispatch-event calls the process's handler; for a
|
|
|
2573 mouse-motion event, the mouse-motion-handler hook is called, and so on.
|
|
|
2574 For magic-events, dispatch-event does window-system-dependent things,
|
|
|
2575 including calling some non-window-system-dependent hooks: map-frame-hook,
|
|
|
2576 unmap-frame-hook, mouse-enter-frame-hook, and mouse-leave-frame-hook.
|
|
|
2577
|
|
|
2578 The function `next-command-event' calls `next-event' until it gets a key or
|
|
|
2579 button from the user (that is, not a process, motion, timeout, or magic
|
|
|
2580 event). If it gets an event that is not a key or button, it calls
|
|
|
2581 `dispatch-event' on it immediately and reads another one. The
|
|
|
2582 next-command-event function could be implemented in Emacs Lisp, though it
|
|
|
2583 isn't. Generally one should call `next-command-event' instead of
|
|
|
2584 `next-event'.
|
|
|
2585
|
|
|
2586 read-char calls next-command-event; if it doesn't get an event that can be
|
|
|
2587 converted to an ASCII character, it signals an error. Otherwise it returns
|
|
|
2588 an integer.
|
|
|
2589
|
|
|
2590 The variable `last-command-char' always contains an integer, or nil (if the
|
|
|
2591 last read event has no ASCII equivalent, as when it is a mouse-click or a
|
|
|
2592 non-ASCII character chord.)
|
|
|
2593
|
|
|
2594 The new variable `last-command-event' holds an event object, that could be
|
|
|
2595 a non-ASCII character, a button click, a menu selection, etc.
|
|
|
2596
|
|
|
2597 The variable `unread-command-char' no longer exists, and has been replaced
|
|
|
2598 by `unread-command-events'. With the new event model, it is incorrect for
|
|
|
2599 code to do (setq unread-command-char (read-char)), because all user-input
|
|
|
2600 can't be represented as ASCII characters. *** This is an incompatible
|
|
|
2601 change. Code which sets `unread-command-char' must be updated to use the
|
|
|
2602 combination of `next-command-event' and `unread-command-events' instead.
|
|
|
2603
|
|
|
2604 The functions `this-command-keys' and `recent-keys' return a vector of
|
|
|
2605 event objects, instead of a string of ASCII characters. *** This also
|
|
|
2606 is an incompatible change.
|
|
|
2607
|
|
|
2608 Almost nothing happens at interrupt level; the SIGIO handler simply sets a
|
|
|
2609 flag, and later, the X event queue is scanned for KeyPress events which map
|
|
|
2610 to ^G. All redisplay happens in the main thread of the process.
|
|
|
2611
|
|
|
2612
|
|
|
2613 *** Keymaps
|
|
|
2614 -----------
|
|
|
2615
|
|
|
2616 Instead of keymaps being alists or obarrays, they are a new primary data
|
|
|
2617 type. The only user access to the contents of a keymap is through the
|
|
|
2618 existing keymap-manipulation functions, and a new function, map-keymap.
|
|
|
2619 This means that existing code that manipulates keymaps may need to
|
|
|
2620 be changed.
|
|
|
2621
|
|
|
2622 One of our goals with the new input and keymap code was to make more
|
|
|
2623 character combinations available for binding, besides just ASCII and
|
|
|
2624 function keys. We want to be able bind different commands to Control-a
|
|
|
2625 and Control-Shift-a; we also want it to be possible for the keys Control-h
|
|
|
2626 and Backspace (and Control-M and Return, and Control-I and Tab, etc) to
|
|
|
2627 be distinct.
|
|
|
2628
|
|
|
2629 One of the most common complaints that new Emacs users have is that backspace
|
|
|
2630 is help. The answer is to play around with the keyboard-translate-table, or
|
|
|
2631 be lucky enough to have a system administrator who has done this for you
|
|
|
2632 already; but if it were possible to bind backspace and C-h to different
|
|
|
2633 things, then (under a window manager at least) both backspace and delete
|
|
|
2634 would delete a character, and ^H would be help. There's no need to deal
|
|
|
2635 with xmodmap, kbd-translate-table, etc.
|
|
|
2636
|
|
|
2637 Here are some more examples: suppose you want to bind one function to Tab,
|
|
|
2638 and another to Control-Tab. This can't be done if Tab and Control-I are the
|
|
|
2639 same thing. What about control keys that have no ASCII equivalent, like
|
|
|
2640 Control-< ? One might want that to be bound to set-mark-at-point-min. We
|
|
|
2641 want M-C-Backspace to be kill-backward-sexp. But we want M-Backspace to be
|
|
|
2642 kill-backward-word. Again, this can't be done if Backspace and C-h are
|
|
|
2643 indistinguishable.
|
|
|
2644
|
|
|
2645 The user represents keys as a string of ASCII characters (when possible and
|
|
|
2646 convenient), or as a vector of event objects, or as a vector of "key
|
|
|
2647 description lists", that looks like (control a), or (control meta delete)
|
|
|
2648 or (shift f1). The order of the modifier-names is not significant, so
|
|
|
2649 (meta control x) and (control meta x) are the same.
|
|
|
2650
|
|
|
2651 `define-key' knows how to take any of the above representations and store them
|
|
|
2652 into a keymap. When Emacs wants to return a key sequence (this-command-keys,
|
|
|
2653 recent-keys, keyboard-macros, and read-key-sequence, for example) it returns
|
|
|
2654 a vector of event objects. Keyboard macros can also be represented as ASCII
|
|
|
2655 strings or as vectors of key description lists.
|
|
|
2656
|
|
|
2657 This is an incompatible change: code which calls `this-command-keys',
|
|
|
2658 `recent-keys', `read-key-sequence', or manipulates keyboard-macros probably
|
|
|
2659 needs to be changed so that it no longer assumes that the returned value is a
|
|
|
2660 string.
|
|
|
2661
|
|
|
2662 Control-Shift-a is specified as (control A), not (control shift a), since A
|
|
|
2663 is a two-case character. But for keys that don't have an upper case
|
|
|
2664 version, like F1, Backspace, and Escape, you use the (shift backspace) syntax.
|
|
|
2665
|
|
|
2666 See the doc string for our version of define-key, reproduced below in the
|
|
|
2667 `Changed Functions' section. Note that when the KEYS argument is a string,
|
|
|
2668 it has the same semantics as the v18 define-key.
|
|
|
2669
|
|
|
2670
|
|
|
2671 *** Xt Integration
|
|
|
2672 ------------------
|
|
|
2673
|
|
|
2674 The heart of the event loop is implemented in terms of the Xt event functions
|
|
|
2675 (specifically XtAppProcessEvent), and uses Xt's concept of timeouts and
|
|
|
2676 file-descriptor callbacks, eliminating a large amount of system-dependent code
|
|
|
2677 (Xt does it for you.)
|
|
|
2678
|
|
|
2679 If Emacs is compiled with support for X, it uses the Xt event loop even when
|
|
|
2680 Emacs is not running on an X display (the Xt event loop supports this). This
|
|
|
2681 makes it possible to run Emacs on a dumb TTY, and later connect it to one or
|
|
|
2682 more X servers. It should also be possible to later connect an existing Emacs
|
|
|
2683 process to additional TTY's, although this code is still experimental. (Our
|
|
|
2684 intent at this point is not to have an Emacs that is being used by multiple
|
|
|
2685 people at the same time: it is to make it possible for someone to go home, log
|
|
|
2686 in on a dialup line, and connect to the same Emacs process that is running
|
|
|
2687 under X in their office without having to recreate their buffer state and so
|
|
|
2688 on.)
|
|
|
2689
|
|
|
2690 If Emacs is not compiled with support for X, then it instead uses more general
|
|
|
2691 code, something like what v18 does; but this way of doing things is a lot more
|
|
|
2692 modular.
|
|
|
2693
|
|
|
2694 (Linking Emacs with Xt seems to only add about 300k to the executable size,
|
|
|
2695 compared with an Emacs linked with Xlib only.)
|
|
|
2696
|
|
|
2697
|
|
|
2698 *** Region Highlighting
|
|
|
2699 -----------------------
|
|
|
2700
|
|
|
2701 If the variable `zmacs-regions' is true, then the region between point and
|
|
|
2702 mark will be highlighted when "active". Those commands which push a mark
|
|
|
2703 (such as C-SPC, and C-x C-x) make the region become "active" and thus
|
|
|
2704 highlighted. Most commands (all non-motion commands, basically) cause it to
|
|
|
2705 become non-highlighted (non-"active"). Commands that operate on the region
|
|
|
2706 (such as C-w, C-x C-l, etc.) only work if the region is in the highlighted
|
|
|
2707 state.
|
|
|
2708
|
|
|
2709 zmacs-activate-region-hook and zmacs-deactivate-region-hook are run at the
|
|
|
2710 appropriate times; under X, zmacs-activate-region-hook makes the X selection
|
|
|
2711 be the region between point and mark, thus doing two things at once: making
|
|
|
2712 the region and the X selection be the same; and making the region highlight
|
|
|
2713 in the same way as the X selection.
|
|
|
2714
|
|
|
2715 If `zmacs-regions' is true, then the `mark-marker' command returns nil unless
|
|
|
2716 the region is currently in the active (highlighted) state. With an argument
|
|
|
2717 of t, this returns the mark (if there is one) regardless of the active-region
|
|
|
2718 state. You should *generally* not use the mark unless the region is active,
|
|
|
2719 if the user has expressed a preference for the active-region model. Watch
|
|
|
2720 out! Moving this marker changes the mark position. If you set the marker not
|
|
|
2721 to point anywhere, the buffer will have no mark.
|
|
|
2722
|
|
|
2723 In this way, the primary selection is a fairly transitory entity; but
|
|
|
2724 when something is copied to the kill ring, it is made the Clipboard
|
|
|
2725 selection. It is also stored into CUT_BUFFER0, for compatibility with
|
|
|
2726 X applications that don't understand selections (like Emacs18).
|
|
|
2727
|
|
|
2728 Compatibility note: if you have code which uses (mark) or (mark-marker),
|
|
|
2729 then you need to either: change those calls to (mark t) or (mark-marker t);
|
|
|
2730 or simply bind `zmacs-regions' to nil around the call to mark or mark-marker.
|
|
|
2731 This is probably the best solution, since it will work in Emacs 18 as well.
|
|
|
2732
|
|
|
2733
|
|
|
2734 *** Menubars and Dialog Boxes
|
|
|
2735 -----------------------------
|
|
|
2736
|
|
|
2737 Here is an example of a menubar definition:
|
|
|
2738
|
|
|
2739 (defvar default-menubar
|
|
|
2740 '(("File" ["Open File..." find-file t]
|
|
|
2741 ["Save Buffer" save-buffer t]
|
|
|
2742 ["Save Buffer As..." write-file t]
|
|
|
2743 ["Revert Buffer" revert-buffer t]
|
|
|
2744 "-----"
|
|
|
2745 ["Print Buffer" lpr-buffer t]
|
|
|
2746 "-----"
|
|
|
2747 ["Delete Frame" delete-frame t]
|
|
|
2748 ["Kill Buffer..." kill-buffer t]
|
|
|
2749 ["Exit Emacs" save-buffers-kill-emacs t]
|
|
|
2750 )
|
|
|
2751 ("Edit" ["Undo" advertised-undo t]
|
|
|
2752 ["Cut" kill-primary-selection t]
|
|
|
2753 ["Copy" copy-primary-selection t]
|
|
|
2754 ["Paste" yank-clipboard-selection t]
|
|
|
2755 ["Clear" delete-primary-selection t]
|
|
|
2756 )
|
|
|
2757 ...))
|
|
|
2758
|
|
|
2759 The first element of each menu item is the string to print on the menu.
|
|
|
2760
|
|
|
2761 The second element is the callback function; if it is a symbol, it is
|
|
|
2762 invoked with `call-interactively.' If it is a list, it is invoked with
|
|
|
2763 `eval'.
|
|
|
2764
|
|
|
2765 If the second element is a symbol, then the menu also displays the key that
|
|
|
2766 is bound to that command (if any).
|
|
|
2767
|
|
|
2768 The third element of the menu items determines whether the item is selectable.
|
|
|
2769 It may be t, nil, or a form to evaluate. Also, a hook is run just before a
|
|
|
2770 menu is exposed, which can be used to change the value of these slots.
|
|
|
2771 For example, there is a hook that makes the "undo" menu item be selectable
|
|
|
2772 only in the cases when `advertised-undo' would not signal an error.
|
|
|
2773
|
|
|
2774 Menus may have other menus nested within them; they will cascade.
|
|
|
2775
|
|
|
2776 There are utility functions for adding items to menus, deleting items,
|
|
|
2777 disabling them, etc.
|
|
|
2778
|
|
|
2779 The function `popup-menu' takes a menu description and pops it up.
|
|
|
2780
|
|
|
2781 The function `popup-dialog-box' takes a dialog-box description and pops
|
|
|
2782 it up. Dialog box descriptions look a lot like menu descriptions.
|
|
|
2783
|
|
|
2784 The menubar, menu, and dialog-box code is implemented as a library,
|
|
|
2785 with an interface which hides the toolkit that implements it.
|
|
|
2786
|
|
|
2787
|
|
|
2788 *** Isearch Changes
|
|
|
2789 -------------------
|
|
|
2790
|
|
|
2791 Isearch has been reimplemented in a different way, adding some new features,
|
|
|
2792 and causing a few incompatible changes.
|
|
|
2793
|
|
|
2794 - the old isearch-*-char variables are no longer supported. In the old
|
|
|
2795 system, one could make ^A mean "repeat the search" by doing something
|
|
|
2796 like (setq search-repeat-char ?C-a). In the new system, this is
|
|
|
2797 accomplished with
|
|
|
2798
|
|
|
2799 (define-key isearch-mode-map "\C-a" 'isearch-repeat-forward)
|
|
|
2800
|
|
|
2801 - The advantage of using the normal keymap mechanism for this is that you
|
|
|
2802 can bind more than one key to an isearch command: for example, both C-a
|
|
|
2803 and C-s could do the same thing inside isearch mode. You can also bind
|
|
|
2804 multi-key sequences inside of isearch mode, and bind non-ASCII keys.
|
|
|
2805 For example, to use the F1 key to terminate a search:
|
|
|
2806
|
|
|
2807 (define-key isearch-mode-map 'f1 'isearch-exit)
|
|
|
2808
|
|
|
2809 or to make ``C-c C-c'' terminate a search:
|
|
|
2810
|
|
|
2811 (define-key isearch-mode-map "\C-c\C-c" 'isearch-exit)
|
|
|
2812
|
|
|
2813 - If isearch is behaving case-insensitively (the default) and you type an
|
|
|
2814 upper case character, then the search will become case-sensitive. This
|
|
|
2815 can be disabled by setting `search-caps-disable-folding' to nil.
|
|
|
2816
|
|
|
2817 - There is a history ring of the strings previously searched for; typing
|
|
|
2818 M-p or M-n while searching will cycle through this ring. Typing M-TAB
|
|
|
2819 will do completion across the set of items in the history ring.
|
|
|
2820
|
|
|
2821 - The ESC key is no longer used to terminate an incremental search. The
|
|
|
2822 RET key should be used instead. This change is necessary for it to be
|
|
|
2823 possible to bind "meta" characters to isearch commands.
|
|
|
2824
|
|
|
2825
|
|
|
2826 *** Startup Code Changes
|
|
|
2827 ------------------------
|
|
|
2828
|
|
|
2829 The initial X frame is mapped before the user's .emacs file is executed.
|
|
|
2830 Without this, there is no way for the user to see any error messages
|
|
|
2831 generated by their .emacs file, any windows created by the .emacs file
|
|
|
2832 don't show up, and the copyleft notice isn't shown.
|
|
|
2833
|
|
|
2834 The default values for load-path, exec-path, lock-directory, and
|
|
|
2835 Info-directory-list are not (necessarily) built into Emacs, but are
|
|
|
2836 computed at startup time.
|
|
|
2837
|
|
|
2838 First, Emacs looks at the directory in which its executable file resides:
|
|
|
2839
|
|
|
2840 o If that directory contains subdirectories named "lisp" and "lib-src",
|
|
|
2841 then those directories are used as the lisp library and exec directory.
|
|
|
2842
|
|
|
2843 o If the parent of the directory in which the emacs executable is located
|
|
|
2844 contains "lisp" and "lib-src" subdirectories, then those are used.
|
|
|
2845
|
|
|
2846 o If ../lib/xemacs-<version> (starting from the directory in which the
|
|
|
2847 emacs executable is located) contains a "lisp" subdirectory and either
|
|
|
2848 a "lib-src" subdirectory or a <configuration-name> subdirectory, then
|
|
|
2849 those are used.
|
|
|
2850
|
|
|
2851 o If the emacs executable that was run is a symbolic link, then the link
|
|
|
2852 is chased, and the resultant directory is checked as above.
|
|
|
2853
|
|
|
2854 (Actually, it doesn't just look for "lisp/", it looks for "lisp/prim/",
|
|
|
2855 which reduces the chances of a false positive.)
|
|
|
2856
|
|
|
2857 If the lisp directory contains subdirectories, they are added to the default
|
|
|
2858 load-path as well. If the site-lisp directory exists and contains
|
|
|
2859 subdirectories, they are then added. Subdirectories whose names begin with
|
|
|
2860 a dot or a hyphen are not added to the load-path.
|
|
|
2861
|
|
|
2862 These heuristics fail if the Emacs binary was copied from the main Emacs
|
|
|
2863 tree to some other directory, and links for the lisp directory were not put
|
|
|
2864 in. This isn't much of a restriction: either make there be subdirectories
|
|
|
2865 (or symbolic links) of the directory of the emacs executable, or make the
|
|
|
2866 "installed" emacs executable be a symbolic link to an executable in a more
|
|
|
2867 appropriate directory structure. For example, this setup works:
|
|
|
2868
|
|
|
2869 /usr/local/xemacs/xemacs* ; The executable.
|
|
|
2870 /usr/local/xemacs/lisp/ ; The associated directories.
|
|
|
2871 /usr/local/xemacs/etc/ ; Any of the files in this list
|
|
|
2872 /usr/local/xemacs/lock/ ; could be symbolic links as well.
|
|
|
2873 /usr/local/xemacs/info/
|
|
|
2874
|
|
|
2875 As does this:
|
|
|
2876
|
|
|
2877 /usr/local/bin/xemacs -> ../xemacs/src/xemacs-19.14 ; A link...
|
|
|
2878 /usr/local/xemacs/src/xemacs-19.14* ; The executable,
|
|
|
2879 /usr/local/xemacs/lisp/ ; and the rest of
|
|
|
2880 /usr/local/xemacs/etc/ ; the source tree
|
|
|
2881 /usr/local/xemacs/lock/
|
|
|
2882 /usr/local/xemacs/info/
|
|
|
2883
|
|
|
2884 This configuration might be used for a multi-architecture installation; assume
|
|
|
2885 that $LOCAL refers to a directory which contains only files specific to a
|
|
|
2886 particular architecture (i.e., executables) and $SHARED refers to those files
|
|
|
2887 which are not machine specific (i.e., lisp code and documentation.)
|
|
|
2888
|
|
|
2889 $LOCAL/bin/xemacs@ -> $LOCAL/xemacs-19.14/xemacs*
|
|
|
2890 $LOCAL/xemacs-19.14/lisp@ -> $SHARED/xemacs-19.14/lisp/
|
|
|
2891 $LOCAL/xemacs-19.14/etc@ -> $SHARED/xemacs-19.14/etc/
|
|
|
2892 $LOCAL/xemacs-19.14/info@ -> $SHARED/xemacs-19.14/info/
|
|
|
2893
|
|
|
2894 The following would also work, but the above is probably more attractive:
|
|
|
2895
|
|
|
2896 $LOCAL/bin/xemacs*
|
|
|
2897 $LOCAL/bin/lisp@ -> $SHARED/xemacs-19.14/lisp/
|
|
|
2898 $LOCAL/bin/etc@ -> $SHARED/xemacs-19.14/etc/
|
|
|
2899 $LOCAL/bin/info@ -> $SHARED/xemacs-19.14/info/
|
|
|
2900
|
|
|
2901 If Emacs can't find the requisite directories, it writes a message like this
|
|
|
2902 (or some appropriate subset of it) to stderr:
|
|
|
2903
|
|
|
2904 WARNING:
|
|
|
2905 couldn't find an obvious default for load-path, exec-directory, and
|
|
|
2906 lock-directory, and there were no defaults specified in paths.h when
|
|
|
2907 Emacs was built. Perhaps some directories don't exist, or the Emacs
|
|
|
2908 executable, /cadillac-th/jwz/somewhere/xemacs is in a strange place?
|
|
|
2909
|
|
|
2910 Without both exec-directory and load-path, Emacs will be very broken.
|
|
|
2911 Consider making a symbolic link from /cadillac-th/jwz/somewhere/etc
|
|
|
2912 to wherever the appropriate Emacs etc/ directory is, and from
|
|
|
2913 /cadillac-th/jwz/somewhere/lisp/ to wherever the appropriate Emacs
|
|
|
2914 lisp library is.
|
|
|
2915
|
|
|
2916 Without lock-directory set, file locking won't work. Consider
|
|
|
2917 creating /cadillac-th/jwz/somewhere/lock as a directory or symbolic
|
|
|
2918 link for use as the lock directory.
|
|
|
2919
|
|
|
2920 The default installation tree is the following:
|
|
|
2921
|
|
|
2922 /usr/local/bin/b2m ;
|
|
|
2923 ctags ; executables that
|
|
|
2924 emacsclient ; should be in
|
|
|
2925 etags ; user's path
|
|
|
2926 xemacs -> xemacs-<version> ;
|
|
|
2927 xemacs ;
|
|
|
2928 /usr/local/lib/xemacs/site-lisp
|
|
|
2929 /usr/local/lib/xemacs/lock
|
|
|
2930 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-<version>/etc ; architecture ind. files
|
|
|
2931 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-<version>/info
|
|
|
2932 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-<version>/lisp
|
|
|
2933 /usr/local/lib/xemacs-<version>/<configuration> ; binaries emacs may run
|
|
|
2934
|
|
|
2935
|
|
|
2936 *** X Resources
|
|
|
2937 ---------------
|
|
|
2938
|
|
|
2939 (Note: This section is copied verbatim from the XEmacs Reference Manual.)
|
|
|
2940
|
|
|
2941 The Emacs resources are generally set per-frame. Each Emacs frame
|
|
|
2942 can have its own name or the same name as another, depending on the
|
|
|
2943 name passed to the `make-frame' function.
|
|
|
2944
|
|
|
2945 You can specify resources for all frames with the syntax:
|
|
|
2946
|
|
|
2947 Emacs*parameter: value
|
|
|
2948
|
|
|
2949 or
|
|
|
2950
|
|
|
2951 Emacs*EmacsFrame.parameter:value
|
|
|
2952
|
|
|
2953 You can specify resources for a particular frame with the syntax:
|
|
|
2954
|
|
|
2955 Emacs*FRAME-NAME.parameter: value
|
|
|
2956
|
|
|
2957
|
|
|
2958 **** Geometry Resources
|
|
|
2959 -----------------------
|
|
|
2960
|
|
|
2961 To make the default size of all Emacs frames be 80 columns by 55
|
|
|
2962 lines, do this:
|
|
|
2963
|
|
|
2964 Emacs*EmacsFrame.geometry: 80x55
|
|
|
2965
|
|
|
2966 To set the geometry of a particular frame named `fred', do this:
|
|
|
2967
|
|
|
2968 Emacs*fred.geometry: 80x55
|
|
|
2969
|
|
|
2970 Important! Do not use the following syntax:
|
|
|
2971
|
|
|
2972 Emacs*geometry: 80x55
|
|
|
2973
|
|
|
2974 You should never use `*geometry' with any X application. It does not
|
|
|
2975 say "make the geometry of Emacs be 80 columns by 55 lines." It really
|
|
|
2976 says, "make Emacs and all subwindows thereof be 80x55 in whatever units
|
|
|
2977 they care to measure in." In particular, that is both telling the
|
|
|
2978 Emacs text pane to be 80x55 in characters, and telling the menubar pane
|
|
|
2979 to be 80x55 pixels, which is surely not what you want.
|
|
|
2980
|
|
|
2981 As a special case, this geometry specification also works (and sets
|
|
|
2982 the default size of all Emacs frames to 80 columns by 55 lines):
|
|
|
2983
|
|
|
2984 Emacs.geometry: 80x55
|
|
|
2985
|
|
|
2986 since that is the syntax used with most other applications (since most
|
|
|
2987 other applications have only one top-level window, unlike Emacs). In
|
|
|
2988 general, however, the top-level shell (the unmapped ApplicationShell
|
|
|
2989 widget named `Emacs' that is the parent of the shell widgets that
|
|
|
2990 actually manage the individual frames) does not have any interesting
|
|
|
2991 resources on it, and you should set the resources on the frames instead.
|
|
|
2992
|
|
|
2993 The `-geometry' command-line argument sets only the geometry of the
|
|
|
2994 initial frame created by Emacs.
|
|
|
2995
|
|
|
2996 A more complete explanation of geometry-handling is
|
|
|
2997
|
|
|
2998 * The `-geometry' command-line option sets the `Emacs.geometry'
|
|
|
2999 resource, that is, the geometry of the ApplicationShell.
|
|
|
3000
|
|
|
3001 * For the first frame created, the size of the frame is taken from
|
|
|
3002 the ApplicationShell if it is specified, otherwise from the
|
|
|
3003 geometry of the frame.
|
|
|
3004
|
|
|
3005 * For subsequent frames, the order is reversed: First the frame, and
|
|
|
3006 then the ApplicationShell.
|
|
|
3007
|
|
|
3008 * For the first frame created, the position of the frame is taken
|
|
|
3009 from the ApplicationShell (`Emacs.geometry') if it is specified,
|
|
|
3010 otherwise from the geometry of the frame.
|
|
|
3011
|
|
|
3012 * For subsequent frames, the position is taken only from the frame,
|
|
|
3013 and never from the ApplicationShell.
|
|
|
3014
|
|
|
3015 This is rather complicated, but it does seem to provide the most
|
|
|
3016 intuitive behavior with respect to the default sizes and positions of
|
|
|
3017 frames created in various ways.
|
|
|
3018
|
|
|
3019
|
|
|
3020 **** Iconic Resources
|
|
|
3021 ---------------------
|
|
|
3022
|
|
|
3023 Analogous to `-geometry', the `-iconic' command-line option sets the
|
|
|
3024 iconic flag of the ApplicationShell (`Emacs.iconic') and always applies
|
|
|
3025 to the first frame created regardless of its name. However, it is
|
|
|
3026 possible to set the iconic flag on particular frames (by name) by using
|
|
|
3027 the `Emacs*FRAME-NAME.iconic' resource.
|
|
|
3028
|
|
|
3029
|
|
|
3030 **** Resource List
|
|
|
3031 ------------------
|
|
|
3032
|
|
|
3033 Emacs frames accept the following resources:
|
|
|
3034
|
|
|
3035 `geometry' (class `Geometry'): string
|
|
|
3036 Initial geometry for the frame. *Note Geometry Resources:: for a
|
|
|
3037 complete discussion of how this works.
|
|
|
3038
|
|
|
3039 `iconic' (class `Iconic'): boolean
|
|
|
3040 Whether this frame should appear in the iconified state.
|
|
|
3041
|
|
|
3042 `internalBorderWidth' (class `InternalBorderWidth'): int
|
|
|
3043 How many blank pixels to leave between the text and the edge of the
|
|
|
3044 window.
|
|
|
3045
|
|
|
3046 `interline' (class `Interline'): int
|
|
|
3047 How many pixels to leave between each line (may not be
|
|
|
3048 implemented).
|
|
|
3049
|
|
|
3050 `menubar' (class `Menubar'): boolean
|
|
|
3051 Whether newly-created frames should initially have a menubar. Set
|
|
|
3052 to true by default.
|
|
|
3053
|
|
|
3054 `initiallyUnmapped' (class `InitiallyUnmapped'): boolean
|
|
|
3055 Whether XEmacs should leave the initial frame unmapped when it
|
|
|
3056 starts up. This is useful if you are starting XEmacs as a server
|
|
|
3057 (e.g. in conjunction with gnuserv or the external client widget).
|
|
|
3058 You can also control this with the `-unmapped' command-line option.
|
|
|
3059
|
|
|
3060 `barCursor' (class `BarColor'): boolean
|
|
|
3061 Whether the cursor should be displayed as a bar, or the
|
|
|
3062 traditional box.
|
|
|
3063
|
|
|
3064 `textPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
|
|
|
3065 The cursor to use when the mouse is over text. This resource is
|
|
|
3066 used to initialize the variable `x-pointer-shape'.
|
|
|
3067
|
|
|
3068 `selectionPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
|
|
|
3069 The cursor to use when the mouse is over a selectable text region
|
|
|
3070 (an extent with the `highlight' property; for example, an Info
|
|
|
3071 cross-reference). This resource is used to initialize the variable
|
|
|
3072 `x-selection-pointer-shape'.
|
|
|
3073
|
|
|
3074 `spacePointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
|
|
|
3075 The cursor to use when the mouse is over a blank space in a buffer
|
|
|
3076 (that is, after the end of a line or after the end-of-file). This
|
|
|
3077 resource is used to initialize the variable
|
|
|
3078 `x-nontext-pointer-shape'.
|
|
|
3079
|
|
|
3080 `modeLinePointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
|
|
|
3081 The cursor to use when the mouse is over a mode line. This
|
|
|
3082 resource is used to initialize the variable `x-mode-pointer-shape'.
|
|
|
3083
|
|
|
3084 `gcPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
|
|
|
3085 The cursor to display when a garbage-collection is in progress.
|
|
|
3086 This resource is used to initialize the variable
|
|
|
3087 `x-gc-pointer-shape'.
|
|
|
3088
|
|
|
3089 `scrollbarPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
|
|
|
3090 The cursor to use when the mouse is over the scrollbar. This
|
|
|
3091 resource is used to initialize the variable
|
|
|
3092 `x-scrollbar-pointer-shape'.
|
|
|
3093
|
|
|
3094 `pointerColor' (class `Foreground'): color-name
|
|
|
3095 `pointerBackground' (class `Background'): color-name
|
|
|
3096 The foreground and background colors of the mouse cursor. These
|
|
|
3097 resources are used to initialize the variables
|
|
|
3098 `x-pointer-foreground-color' and `x-pointer-background-color'.
|
|
|
3099
|
|
|
3100 `scrollBarWidth' (class `ScrollBarWidth'): integer
|
|
|
3101 How wide the vertical scrollbars should be, in pixels; 0 means no
|
|
|
3102 vertical scrollbars. You can also use a resource specification of
|
|
|
3103 the form `*scrollbar.width', or the usual toolkit scrollbar
|
|
|
3104 resources: `*XmScrollBar.width' (Motif), `*XlwScrollBar.width'
|
|
|
3105 (Lucid), or `*Scrollbar.thickness' (Athena). We don't recommend
|
|
|
3106 that you use the toolkit resources, though, because they're
|
|
|
3107 dependent on how exactly your particular build of XEmacs was
|
|
|
3108 configured.
|
|
|
3109
|
|
|
3110 `scrollBarHeight' (class `ScrollBarHeight'): integer
|
|
|
3111 How high the horizontal scrollbars should be, in pixels; 0 means no
|
|
|
3112 horizontal scrollbars. You can also use a resource specification
|
|
|
3113 of the form `*scrollbar.height', or the usual toolkit scrollbar
|
|
|
3114 resources: `*XmScrollBar.height' (Motif), `*XlwScrollBar.height'
|
|
|
3115 (Lucid), or `*Scrollbar.thickness' (Athena). We don't recommend
|
|
|
3116 that you use the toolkit resources, though, because they're
|
|
|
3117 dependent on how exactly your particular build of XEmacs was
|
|
|
3118 configured.
|
|
|
3119
|
|
|
3120 `scrollBarPlacement' (class `ScrollBarPlacement'): string
|
|
|
3121 Where the horizontal and vertical scrollbars should be positioned.
|
|
|
3122 This should be one of the four strings `bottom-left',
|
|
|
3123 `bottom-right', `top-left', and `top-right'. Default is
|
|
|
3124 `bottom-right' for the Motif and Lucid scrollbars and
|
|
|
3125 `bottom-left' for the Athena scrollbars.
|
|
|
3126
|
|
|
3127 `topToolBarHeight' (class `TopToolBarHeight'): integer
|
|
|
3128 `bottomToolBarHeight' (class `BottomToolBarHeight'): integer
|
|
|
3129 `leftToolBarWidth' (class `LeftToolBarWidth'): integer
|
|
|
3130 `rightToolBarWidth' (class `RightToolBarWidth'): integer
|
|
|
3131 Height and width of the four possible toolbars.
|
|
|
3132
|
|
|
3133 `topToolBarShadowColor' (class `TopToolBarShadowColor'): color-name
|
|
|
3134 `bottomToolBarShadowColor' (class `BottomToolBarShadowColor'): color-name
|
|
|
3135 Color of the top and bottom shadows for the toolbars. NOTE: These
|
|
|
3136 resources do *not* have anything to do with the top and bottom
|
|
|
3137 toolbars (i.e. the toolbars at the top and bottom of the frame)!
|
|
|
3138 Rather, they affect the top and bottom shadows around the edges of
|
|
|
3139 all four kinds of toolbars.
|
|
|
3140
|
|
|
3141 `topToolBarShadowPixmap' (class `TopToolBarShadowPixmap'): pixmap-name
|
|
|
3142 `bottomToolBarShadowPixmap' (class `BottomToolBarShadowPixmap'): pixmap-name
|
|
|
3143 Pixmap of the top and bottom shadows for the toolbars. If set,
|
|
|
3144 these resources override the corresponding color resources. NOTE:
|
|
|
3145 These resources do *not* have anything to do with the top and
|
|
|
3146 bottom toolbars (i.e. the toolbars at the top and bottom of the
|
|
|
3147 frame)! Rather, they affect the top and bottom shadows around the
|
|
|
3148 edges of all four kinds of toolbars.
|
|
|
3149
|
|
|
3150 `toolBarShadowThickness' (class `ToolBarShadowThickness'): integer
|
|
|
3151 Thickness of the shadows around the toolbars, in pixels.
|
|
|
3152
|
|
|
3153 `visualBell' (class `VisualBell'): boolean
|
|
|
3154 Whether XEmacs should flash the screen rather than making an
|
|
|
3155 audible beep.
|
|
|
3156
|
|
|
3157 `bellVolume' (class `BellVolume'): integer
|
|
|
3158 Volume of the audible beep.
|
|
|
3159
|
|
|
3160 `useBackingStore' (class `UseBackingStore'): boolean
|
|
|
3161 Whether XEmacs should set the backing-store attribute of the X
|
|
|
3162 windows it creates. This increases the memory usage of the X
|
|
|
3163 server but decreases the amount of X traffic necessary to update
|
|
|
3164 the screen, and is useful when the connection to the X server goes
|
|
|
3165 over a low-bandwidth line such as a modem connection.
|
|
|
3166
|
|
|
3167
|
|
|
3168 **** Face Resources
|
|
|
3169 -------------------
|
|
|
3170
|
|
|
3171 The attributes of faces are also per-frame. They can be specified as:
|
|
|
3172
|
|
|
3173 Emacs.FACE_NAME.parameter: value
|
|
|
3174
|
|
|
3175 (*do not* use `Emacs*FACE_NAME...')
|
|
|
3176
|
|
|
3177 or
|
|
|
3178
|
|
|
3179 Emacs*FRAME_NAME.FACE_NAME.parameter: value
|
|
|
3180
|
|
|
3181 Faces accept the following resources:
|
|
|
3182
|
|
|
3183 `attributeFont' (class `AttributeFont'): font-name
|
|
|
3184 The font of this face.
|
|
|
3185
|
|
|
3186 `attributeForeground' (class `AttributeForeground'): color-name
|
|
|
3187 `attributeBackground' (class `AttributeBackground'): color-name
|
|
|
3188 The foreground and background colors of this face.
|
|
|
3189
|
|
|
3190 `attributeBackgroundPixmap' (class `AttributeBackgroundPixmap'): file-name
|
|
|
3191 The name of an XBM file (or XPM file, if your version of Emacs
|
|
|
3192 supports XPM), to use as a background stipple.
|
|
|
3193
|
|
|
3194 `attributeUnderline' (class `AttributeUnderline'): boolean
|
|
|
3195 Whether text in this face should be underlined.
|
|
|
3196
|
|
|
3197 All text is displayed in some face, defaulting to the face named
|
|
|
3198 `default'. To set the font of normal text, use
|
|
|
3199 `Emacs*default.attributeFont'. To set it in the frame named `fred', use
|
|
|
3200 `Emacs*fred.default.attributeFont'.
|
|
|
3201
|
|
|
3202 These are the names of the predefined faces:
|
|
|
3203
|
|
|
3204 `default'
|
|
|
3205 Everything inherits from this.
|
|
|
3206
|
|
|
3207 `bold'
|
|
|
3208 If this is not specified in the resource database, Emacs tries to
|
|
|
3209 find a bold version of the font of the default face.
|
|
|
3210
|
|
|
3211 `italic'
|
|
|
3212 If this is not specified in the resource database, Emacs tries to
|
|
|
3213 find an italic version of the font of the default face.
|
|
|
3214
|
|
|
3215 `bold-italic'
|
|
|
3216 If this is not specified in the resource database, Emacs tries to
|
|
|
3217 find a bold-italic version of the font of the default face.
|
|
|
3218
|
|
|
3219 `modeline'
|
|
|
3220 This is the face that the modeline is displayed in. If not
|
|
|
3221 specified in the resource database, it is determined from the
|
|
|
3222 default face by reversing the foreground and background colors.
|
|
|
3223
|
|
|
3224 `highlight'
|
|
|
3225 This is the face that highlighted extents (for example, Info
|
|
|
3226 cross-references and possible completions, when the mouse passes
|
|
|
3227 over them) are displayed in.
|
|
|
3228
|
|
|
3229 `left-margin'
|
|
|
3230 `right-margin'
|
|
|
3231 These are the faces that the left and right annotation margins are
|
|
|
3232 displayed in.
|
|
|
3233
|
|
|
3234 `zmacs-region'
|
|
|
3235 This is the face that mouse selections are displayed in.
|
|
|
3236
|
|
|
3237 `text-cursor'
|
|
|
3238 This is the face that the cursor is displayed in.
|
|
|
3239
|
|
|
3240 `isearch'
|
|
|
3241 This is the face that the matched text being searched for is
|
|
|
3242 displayed in.
|
|
|
3243
|
|
|
3244 `info-node'
|
|
|
3245 This is the face of info menu items. If unspecified, it is copied
|
|
|
3246 from `bold-italic'.
|
|
|
3247
|
|
|
3248 `info-xref'
|
|
|
3249 This is the face of info cross-references. If unspecified, it is
|
|
|
3250 copied from `bold'. (Note that, when the mouse passes over a
|
|
|
3251 cross-reference, the cross-reference's face is determined from a
|
|
|
3252 combination of the `info-xref' and `highlight' faces.)
|
|
|
3253
|
|
|
3254 Other packages might define their own faces; to see a list of all
|
|
|
3255 faces, use any of the interactive face-manipulation commands such as
|
|
|
3256 `set-face-font' and type `?' when you are prompted for the name of a
|
|
|
3257 face.
|
|
|
3258
|
|
|
3259 If the `bold', `italic', and `bold-italic' faces are not specified
|
|
|
3260 in the resource database, then XEmacs attempts to derive them from the
|
|
|
3261 font of the default face. It can only succeed at this if you have
|
|
|
3262 specified the default font using the XLFD (X Logical Font Description)
|
|
|
3263 format, which looks like
|
|
|
3264
|
|
|
3265 *-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
|
|
|
3266
|
|
|
3267 If you use any of the other, less strict font name formats, some of
|
|
|
3268 which look like
|
|
|
3269
|
|
|
3270 lucidasanstypewriter-12
|
|
|
3271 fixed
|
|
|
3272 9x13
|
|
|
3273
|
|
|
3274 then XEmacs won't be able to guess the names of the bold and italic
|
|
|
3275 versions. All X fonts can be referred to via XLFD-style names, so you
|
|
|
3276 should use those forms. See the man pages for `X(1)', `xlsfonts(1)',
|
|
|
3277 and `xfontsel(1)'.
|
|
|
3278
|
|
|
3279
|
|
|
3280 **** Widgets
|
|
|
3281 ------------
|
|
|
3282
|
|
|
3283 There are several structural widgets between the terminal EmacsFrame
|
|
|
3284 widget and the top level ApplicationShell; the exact names and types of
|
|
|
3285 these widgets change from release to release (for example, they changed
|
|
|
3286 in 19.9, 19.10, 19.12, and 19.13) and are subject to further change in
|
|
|
3287 the future, so you should avoid mentioning them in your resource database.
|
|
|
3288 The above-mentioned syntaxes should be forward-compatible. As of 19.14,
|
|
|
3289 the exact widget hierarchy is as follows:
|
|
|
3290
|
|
|
3291 INVOCATION-NAME "shell" "container" FRAME-NAME
|
|
|
3292 x-emacs-application-class "TopLevelEmacsShell" "EmacsManager" "EmacsFrame"
|
|
|
3293
|
|
|
3294 (for normal frames)
|
|
|
3295
|
|
|
3296 or
|
|
|
3297
|
|
|
3298 INVOCATION-NAME "shell" "container" FRAME-NAME
|
|
|
3299 x-emacs-application-class "TransientEmacsShell" "EmacsManager" "EmacsFrame"
|
|
|
3300
|
|
|
3301 (for popup/dialog-box frames)
|
|
|
3302
|
|
|
3303 where INVOCATION-NAME is the terminal component of the name of the
|
|
|
3304 XEmacs executable (usually `xemacs'), and `x-emacs-application-class'
|
|
|
3305 is generally `Emacs'.
|
|
|
3306
|
|
|
3307
|
|
|
3308 **** Menubar Resources
|
|
|
3309 ----------------------
|
|
|
3310
|
|
|
3311 As the menubar is implemented as a widget which is not a part of
|
|
|
3312 XEmacs proper, it does not use the face mechanism for specifying fonts
|
|
|
3313 and colors: It uses whatever resources are appropriate to the type of
|
|
|
3314 widget which is used to implement it.
|
|
|
3315
|
|
|
3316 If Emacs was compiled to use only the Motif-lookalike menu widgets,
|
|
|
3317 then one way to specify the font of the menubar would be
|
|
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3318
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3319 Emacs*menubar*font: *-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
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3320
|
|
|
3321 If the Motif library is being used, then one would have to use
|
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3322
|
|
|
3323 Emacs*menubar*fontList: *-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
|
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|
3324
|
|
|
3325 because the Motif library uses the `fontList' resource name instead
|
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|
3326 of `font', which has subtly different semantics.
|
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3327
|
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3328 The same is true of the scrollbars: They accept whichever resources
|
|
|
3329 are appropriate for the toolkit in use.
|
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3330
|
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3331
|
|
|
3332 *** Source Code Highlighting
|
|
|
3333 ----------------------------
|
|
|
3334
|
|
|
3335 It's possible to have your buffers "decorated" with fonts or colors
|
|
|
3336 indicating syntactic structures (such as strings, comments, function names,
|
|
|
3337 "reserved words", etc.). In XEmacs, the preferred way to do this is with
|
|
|
3338 font-lock-mode; activate it by adding the following code to your .emacs file:
|
|
|
3339
|
|
|
3340 (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
|
|
|
3341 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
|
|
|
3342 (add-hook 'c++-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
|
|
|
3343 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
|
|
|
3344 ...etc...
|
|
|
3345
|
|
|
3346 To customize it, see the descriptions of the function `font-lock-mode' and
|
|
|
3347 the variables `font-lock-keywords', `c-font-lock-keywords', etc.
|
|
|
3348
|
|
|
3349 There exist several other source code highlighting packages, but font-lock
|
|
|
3350 does one thing that most others don't do: highlights as you type new text;
|
|
|
3351 and one thing that no others do: bases part of its decoration on the
|
|
|
3352 syntax table of the major mode. Font-lock has C-level support to do this
|
|
|
3353 efficiently, so it should also be significantly faster than the others.
|
|
|
3354
|
|
|
3355 If there's something that another highlighting package does that you can't
|
|
|
3356 make font-lock do, let us know. We would prefer to consolidate all of the
|
|
|
3357 desired functionality into one package rather than ship several different
|
|
|
3358 packages which do essentially the same thing in different ways.
|
|
|
3359
|
|
|
3360
|
|
|
3361 ** Differences Between XEmacs and Emacs 18
|
|
|
3362 ==========================================
|
|
|
3363
|
|
|
3364 Auto-configure support has been added, so it should be fairly easy to compile
|
|
|
3365 XEmacs on different systems. If you have any problems or feedback about
|
|
|
3366 compiling on your system, please let us know.
|
|
|
3367
|
|
|
3368 We have reimplemented the basic input model in a more general way; instead of
|
|
|
3369 X input being a special-case of the normal ASCII input stream, XEmacs has a
|
|
|
3370 concept of "input events", and ASCII characters are a subset of that. The
|
|
|
3371 events that XEmacs knows about are not X events, but are a generalization of
|
|
|
3372 them, so that XEmacs can eventually be ported to different window systems.
|
|
|
3373
|
|
|
3374 We have reimplemented keymaps so that sequences of events can be stored into
|
|
|
3375 them instead of just ASCII codes; it is possible to, for example, bind
|
|
|
3376 different commands to each of the chords Control-h, Control-H, Backspace,
|
|
|
3377 Control-Backspace, and Super-Shift-Backspace. Key bindings, function key
|
|
|
3378 bindings, and mouse bindings live in the same keymaps.
|
|
|
3379
|
|
|
3380 Input and display of all ISO-8859-1 characters is supported.
|
|
|
3381
|
|
|
3382 You can have multiple X windows ("frames" in XEmacs terminology).
|
|
|
3383
|
|
|
3384 XEmacs has objects called "extents" and "faces", which are roughly
|
|
|
3385 analogous to Epoch's "buttons," "zones," and "styles." An extent is a
|
|
|
3386 region of text (a start position and an end position) and a face is a
|
|
|
3387 collection of textual attributes like fonts and colors. Every extent
|
|
|
3388 is displayed in some "face", so changing the properties of a face
|
|
|
3389 immediately updates the display of all associated extents. Faces can
|
|
|
3390 be frame-local: you can have a region of text which displays with
|
|
|
3391 completely different attributes when its buffer is viewed from a
|
|
|
3392 different X window.
|
|
|
3393
|
|
|
3394 The display attributes of faces may be specified either in lisp or through
|
|
|
3395 the X resource manager.
|
|
|
3396
|
|
|
3397 Pixmaps of arbitrary size can be embedded in a buffer.
|
|
|
3398
|
|
|
3399 Variable width fonts work.
|
|
|
3400
|
|
|
3401 The height of a line is the height of the tallest font on that line, instead
|
|
|
3402 of all lines having the same height.
|
|
|
3403
|
|
|
3404 XEmacs uses the MIT "Xt" toolkit instead of raw Xlib calls, which
|
|
|
3405 makes it be a more well-behaved X citizen (and also improves
|
|
|
3406 portability). A result of this is that it is possible to include
|
|
|
3407 other Xt "Widgets" in the XEmacs window. Also, XEmacs understands the
|
|
|
3408 standard Xt command-line arguments.
|
|
|
3409
|
|
|
3410 XEmacs understands the X11 "Selection" mechanism; it's possible to define
|
|
|
3411 and customize selection converter functions and new selection types from
|
|
|
3412 Emacs Lisp, without having to recompile XEmacs.
|
|
|
3413
|
|
|
3414 XEmacs provides support for ToolTalk on systems that have it.
|
|
|
3415
|
|
|
3416 XEmacs supports the Zmacs/Lispm style of region highlighting, where the
|
|
|
3417 region between the point and mark is highlighted when in its "active" state.
|
|
|
3418
|
|
|
3419 XEmacs has a menubar, whose contents are customizable from emacs-lisp.
|
|
|
3420 This menubar looks Motif-ish, but does not require Motif. If you already
|
|
|
3421 own Motif, however, you can configure XEmacs to use a *real* Motif menubar
|
|
|
3422 instead.
|
|
|
3423
|
|
|
3424 XEmacs can ask questions using popup dialog boxes. Any command executed from
|
|
|
3425 a menu will ask yes/no questions with dialog boxes, while commands executed
|
|
|
3426 via the keyboard will use the minibuffer.
|
|
|
3427
|
|
|
3428 XEmacs has vertical and horizontal scrollbars.
|
|
|
3429
|
|
|
3430 The initial load-path is computed at run-time, instead of at compile-time.
|
|
|
3431 This means that if you move the XEmacs executable and associated directories
|
|
|
3432 to somewhere else, you don't have to recompile anything.
|
|
|
3433
|
|
|
3434 You can specify what the title of the XEmacs windows and icons should be
|
|
|
3435 with the variables `frame-title-format' and `frame-icon-title-format',
|
|
|
3436 which have the same syntax as `mode-line-format'.
|
|
|
3437
|
|
|
3438 XEmacs now supports floating-point numbers.
|
|
|
3439
|
|
|
3440 XEmacs now knows about timers directly, instead of them being simulated by
|
|
|
3441 a subprocess.
|
|
|
3442
|
|
|
3443 XEmacs understands truenames, and can be configured to notice when you are
|
|
|
3444 visiting two names of the same file. See the variables find-file-use-truenames
|
|
|
3445 and find-file-compare-truenames.
|
|
|
3446
|
|
|
3447 If you're running on a machine with audio hardware, you can specify sound
|
|
|
3448 files for XEmacs to play instead of the default X beep. See the documentation
|
|
|
3449 of the function load-sound-file and the variable sound-alist.
|
|
|
3450
|
|
|
3451 An XEmacs frame can be placed within an "external client widget" managed by
|
|
|
3452 another application. This allows an application to use an XEmacs frame as its
|
|
|
3453 text pane rather than the standard Text widget that is provided with Motif or
|
|
|
3454 Athena. XEmacs supports Motif applications, generic Xt (e.g. Athena)
|
|
|
3455 applications, and raw Xlib applications.
|
|
|
3456
|
|
|
3457 Random changes to the emacs-lisp library: (some of this was not written by
|
|
|
3458 us, but is included because it's free software and we think it's good stuff)
|
|
|
3459
|
|
|
3460 - there is a new optimizing byte-compiler
|
|
|
3461 - there is a new abbrev-based mail-alias mechanism
|
|
|
3462 - the -*- line can contain local-variable settings
|
|
|
3463 - there is a new TAGS package
|
|
|
3464 - there is a new VI-emulation mode (viper)
|
|
|
3465 - there is a new implementation of Dired
|
|
|
3466 - there is a new implementation of Isearch
|
|
|
3467 - the VM package for reading mail is provided
|
|
|
3468 - the W3 package for browsing the World Wide Web hypertext information
|
|
|
3469 system is provided
|
|
|
3470 - the Hyperbole package, a programmable information management and
|
|
|
3471 hypertext system
|
|
|
3472 - the OO-Browser package, a multi-language object-oriented browser
|
|
|
3473
|
|
|
3474 There are many more specifics in the "Miscellaneous Changes" section, below.
|
|
|
3475
|
|
|
3476 The online Emacs Manual and Emacs-Lisp Manual are now both relatively
|
|
|
3477 up-to-date.
|
