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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @setfilename ../info/kbd-trans
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3 @settitle Keyboard translation
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4
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5 @titlepage
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6 @sp 6
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7 @center @titlefont{Keyboard translation}
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8 @sp 4
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9 @center Version 2.0
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10 @sp 5
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11 @center Naoto TAKAHASHI
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12 @center ntakahas@@etl.go.jp
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13 @page
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14
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15 @end titlepage
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16
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17 @node Top, , , (mule)
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18 @section Keyboard translation
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19
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20 Some quail packages, for example, Russian, Greek, Hebrew, etc.,
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21 completely re-map the key layout. In these cases, it is desirable to
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22 provide the same key layout no matter what keyboard is actually used.
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23 For this purpose, a variable *quail-keyboard-translate-table* is
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24 introduced. It is used to absorb the differences between the various
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25 real keyboards and the 'ideal' standard keyboard. Currently, 12
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26 predefined constants are provided. See the following carefully and
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27 set the apropriate constant to @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table} in
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28 your @file{.emacs} file. For example, if you are using SUN type4 keyboard,
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29 put
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30 @example
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31 (setq *quail-keyboard-translate-table*
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32 *quail-keyboard-translate-table-sun-type4*)
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33 @end example
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34
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35 in your .emacs.
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36
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37 @menu
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38 * Keyboard translate tables::
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39 * Writing new keyboard translate table::
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40 @end menu
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41
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42 @node Keyboard translate tables, Writing new keyboard translate table, , Top
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43 @section Predefined keyboard translate tables
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44
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45 Here's a list of predefined keyboard translate tables.
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46
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47 If you don't find your keyboard in the following list, make yours by
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48 yourself @xref{Writing new keyboard translate table}.
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49
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50 @itemize
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51 @item @code{quail-keyboard-standard-table}
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52 @example
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53 machines: vt100, etc.
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54
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55 [unshifted]
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56
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57 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = `
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58 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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59 a s d f g h j k l ; ' \
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60 z x c v b n m , . /
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61 SPACE
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62
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63 [shifted]
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64
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65 Esc ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + ~
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66 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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67 A S D F G H J K L : " |
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68 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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69 SPACE
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70 @end example
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71
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72 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-sun-type3}
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73 @example
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74 machines: SUN type3 keyboard
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75 SUN type5 keyboard
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76 TAKAOKA XMiNT (AX keyboard)
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77 JCC Xstation / GloabalX (AX keyboard)
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78
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79 [unshifted]
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80
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81 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = \ `
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82 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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83 a s d f g h j k l ; '
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84 z x c v b n m , . /
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85 SPACE
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86
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87 [shifted]
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88
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89 Esc ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + | ~
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90 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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91 A S D F G H J K L : "
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92 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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93 SPACE
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94 @end example
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95
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96 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-sun-type4}
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97 @example
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98 machines: SUN type4 keyboard
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99
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100 [unshifted]
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101
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102 \
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103 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
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104 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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105 a s d f g h j k l ; ' `
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106 z x c v b n m , . /
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107 SPACE
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108
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109 [shifted]
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110
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111 |
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112 Esc ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
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113 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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114 A S D F G H J K L : " ~
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115 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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116 SPACE
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117 @end example
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118
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119 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-sony-nwp-411a}
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120 @example
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121 machines: NEWS-3470
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122
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123 [unshifted]
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124
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125 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = \
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126 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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127 a s d f g h j k l ; ' `
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128 z x c v b n m , . /
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129 SPACE
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130
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131 [shifted]
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132
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133 Esc ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + |
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134 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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135 A S D F G H J K L : " ~
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136 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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137 SPACE
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138 @end example
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139
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140 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-ibm-at}
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141 @example
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142 machines: IBM AT keyboard
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143
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144 [unshifted]
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145
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146 ` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = \
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147 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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148 a s d f g h j k l ; '
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149 z x c v b n m , . /
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150 SPACE
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151
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152 [shifted]
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153
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154 ~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + |
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155 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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156 A S D F G H J K L : "
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157 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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158 SPACE
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159 @end example
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160
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161 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-ibm-rt/pc}
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162 @example
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163 machines: IBM RT/PC 5085 keyboard
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164 RS6000 (English keyboard)
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165 Apple Macintosh MO115 keyboard / Power Book
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166 SGI Iris Indigo
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167
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168 [unshifted]
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169
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170 ` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
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171 q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \
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172 a s d f g h j k l ; '
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173 z x c v b n m , . /
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174 SPACE
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175
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176 [shifted]
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177
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178 ~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
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179 Q W E R T Y U I O P { } |
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180 A S D F G H J K L : "
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181 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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182 SPACE
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183 @end example
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184
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185 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-decstation}
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186 @example
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187 machines: DEC DECstation3100 LK201 keyboard (vt100 mode)
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188 DEC DECstation3100 LK401-AJ keyboard (vt100 mode)
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189
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190 [unshifted]
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191
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192 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
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193 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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194 a s d f g h j k l ; ' \
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195 ` z x c v b n m , . /
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196 SPACE
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197
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198 [shifted]
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199
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200 ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
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201 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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202 A S D F G H J K L : " |
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203 ~ Z X C V B N M < > ?
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204 SPACE
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205 @end example
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206
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207 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-dynabook}
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208 @example
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209 machines: TOSHIBA Dynabook386/20 keyboard
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210
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211 [unshifted]
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212
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213 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
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214 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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215 a s d f g h j k l ; '
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216 z x c v b n m , . /
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217 \ SPACE `
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218
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219 [shifted]
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220
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221 ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
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222 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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223 A S D F G H J K L : "
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224 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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225 | SPACE ~
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226 @end example
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227
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228 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-mac-mo110}
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229 @example
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230 machines: Apple Macintosh MO110 keyboard
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231
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232 [unshifted]
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233
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234 ` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
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235 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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236 a s d f g h j k l ; '
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237 z x c v b n m , . /
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238 SPACE \
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239
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240 [shifted]
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241
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242 ~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
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243 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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244 A S D F G H J K L : "
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245 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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246 SPACE |
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247 @end example
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248
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249 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-mac-mo116}
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250 @example
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251 machines: Apple Macintosh MO116 keyboard
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252
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253 [unshifted]
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254
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255 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
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256 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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257 a s d f g h j k l ; '
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258 z x c v b n m , . /
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259 ` SPACE \
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260
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261 [shifted]
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262
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263 Esc ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +
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264 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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265 A S D F G H J K L : "
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266 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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267 ~ SPACE |
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268 @end example
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269
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270 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-jis}
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271 @example
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272 machines: NEC PC-9801 keyboard
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273 NEC EWS4800/220, /260
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274 EPSON PC-286 keyboard
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275
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276 [unshifted]
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277
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278 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - ^ \
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279 q w e r t y u i o p @ [
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280 a s d f g h j k l ; : ]
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281 z x c v b n m , . /
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282 SPACE
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283
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284 [shifted]
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285
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286 Esc ! " # $ % & ' ( ) 0 = ` |
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287 Q W E R T Y U I O P ~ {
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288 A S D F G H J K L + * }
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289 Z X C V B N M < > ? _
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290 SPACE
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291 @end example
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292
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293 @item @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table-fujitsu-sigma-230}
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294 @example
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295 machines: Fujitsu Sigma 230
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296
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297 [unshifted]
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298
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299 Esc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - ^ \
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300 q w e r t y u i o p @ [
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301 a s d f g h j k l ; : ]
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302 z x c v b n m , . /
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303 SPACE
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304
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305 [shifted]
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306
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307 Esc ! " # $ % & ' ( ) 0 = ~ |
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308 Q W E R T Y U I O P ` {
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309 A S D F G H J K L + * }
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310 Z X C V B N M < > ? _
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311 SPACE
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312 @end example
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313 @end itemize
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314
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315 @node Writing new keyboard translate table, , Keyboard translate tables, Top
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316 @section Writing new keyboard translate table
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317
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318 @code{quail-keyboard-translate-table} consists of two parts. One is a
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319 string and the other is an a-list. The string part, which is the
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320 @code{car} (or @code{nth 0}) of this variable, describes the
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321 `normalised' layout of your keyboard. (The meaning of 'normalised'
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322 will soon be given.) The a-list part, which is the 'cadr' (or 'nth 1')
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323 of the variable describes the 'unusually' located keys and their
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324 position.
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325
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326 Let's take IBM AT keyboard as an example. It looks like this:
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327
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328 @example
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329 [AT unshifted]
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330
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331 ` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = \
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332 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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333 a s d f g h j k l ; '
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334 z x c v b n m , . /
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335 SPACE
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336
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337 [AT shifted]
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338
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339 ~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + |
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340 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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341 A S D F G H J K L : "
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342 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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343 SPACE
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344 @end example
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345
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346 First, normalise the layout of the keyboard. 'To normalise' means 'to
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347 move some keys so that the number of columns and the number of rows
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348 will match those of @code{quail-keyboard-standard-table}.
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349
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350 @code{quail-keyboard-standard-table} looks like this:
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351
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352 @example
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353 [STANDARD unshifted]
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354
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355 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = `
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356 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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357 a s d f g h j k l ; ' \
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358 z x c v b n m , . /
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359 SPACE
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360
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361 [STANDARD shifted]
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362
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363 ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + ~
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364 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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365 A S D F G H J K L : " |
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366 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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367 SPACE
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368 @end example
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369
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370 Note that @code{quail-keyboard-standard-table} has no keys left to the 1!
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371 key. It has;
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372 @enumerate
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373 @item
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374 13 keys at the top row, and
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375 @item
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376 12 keys at the 2nd row, and
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377 @item
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378 12 keys at the 3rd row, and
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379 @item
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380 10 keys at the 4th row, and
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381 @item
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382 1 space bar at the bottom.
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383 @end enumerate
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384
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385 To normalise the AT keyboard, it is necessary to move the `~ key to
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386 the right end of the 3rd row.
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387
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388 @example
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389 [AT normalised unshifted]
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390
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391 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = \
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392 q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
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393 a s d f g h j k l ; ' `
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394 z x c v b n m , . /
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395 SPACE
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396
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397 [AT normalised shifted]
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398
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399 ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + |
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400 Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
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401 A S D F G H J K L : " ~
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402 Z X C V B N M < > ?
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403 SPACE
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404 @end example
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405
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406 Now describe this layout by a string from left to right, up to down,
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407 unshifted to shifted. Unshifted space should be appended at the end
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408 of the string. There's no shifted space. The resulting string looks
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409 like this:
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410
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411 @example
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412 "1234567890-=\\qwertyuiop[]asdfghjkl;'`zxcvbnm,./!@@#$%^&*()_+|QWERTYUIOP@{@}ASDFGHJKL:\"~ZXCVBNM<>? "
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413 @end example
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414
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415 Note that '"' (double quote) and '\' (backslash) must be escaped by a
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416 '\'. This string will be the 'car' of *quail-keyboard-translate-table*.
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417
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418 Next, specify the real location of the moved characters. In our
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419 example only one KEY (`~) is moved, but this causes two CHARACTERs to
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420 be moved.
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421
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422 The location should be given by a vector of the form:
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423 @quotation
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424 @code{[ x-position y-position shift-or-not ]}
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425 @end quotation
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426
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427 For the keys in the first row, x-position means the offset from the 1!
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428 key. For example, the x-position of '2' is 1, that of '3' is 2, and
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429 that of '=' is 11. That of '1' itself is 0. In IBM AT keyboard, '`'
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430 and '~' locate to the left of the 1! key, so their x-position will
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431 be -1.
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432
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433 For the keys in the 2nd, the 3rd, and the bottom row, their x-position
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434 will be the offset from 'q', 'a', and 'z', respectively.
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435
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436 The y-position is the offset from the top row (i.e. the row which
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437 contains 1234...). So the y-position of '5' is 0, 't' is 1, 'g' is 2,
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438 and 'b' is 3. Keys above the top row will have a negative y-position.
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439
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440 The third element shift-or-not is 0 if not shifted, and 1 if shifted.
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441
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442 So, the real location of '`' in the AT keyboard will be [-1 0 0] and
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443 that of '~' will be [-1 0 1]. These two locations will be coded into
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444 an a-list together with the characters they are presenting:
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445
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446 '((?` [-1 0 0]) (?~ [-1 0 1]))
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447
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448 Now we have both the string part and the a-list part. So the
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449 *quail-keyboard-translate-table* for IBM AT keyboard will be as
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450 follows.
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451 @example
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452 '("1234567890-=\\qwertyuiop[]asdfghjkl;'`zxcvbnm,./!@@#$%^&*()_+|QWERTYUIOP@{@}ASDFGHJKL:\"~ZXCVBNM<>?" ((?` [-1 0 0]) (?~ [-1 0 1])))}
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453 @end example
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454 When you put these beasts in your .emacs, it would be better to divide
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455 the string part according to the rows so that you can check easily.
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456
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457 @example
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458 (setq *quail-keyboard-translate-table* '("\
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459 1234567890-=\\\
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460 qwertyuiop[]\
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461 asdfghjkl;'`\
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462 zxcvbnm,./\
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463 !@@#$%^&*()_+|\
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464 QWERTYUIOP@{@}\
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465 ASDFGHJKL:\"~\
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466 ZXCVBNM<>?\
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467 "
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468 ((?` [-1 0 0]) (?~ [-1 0 1]))))
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469 }
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470 @end example
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471
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472
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473 @contents
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474 @bye
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