Mercurial > hg > Aquinas
changeset 63:4665e252e26e
from auto-split
| author | ht |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 03 Jan 2010 14:38:05 +0000 |
| parents | 65a42d281c99 |
| children | 11682db9b870 |
| files | summa/english/summaMatrix.html |
| diffstat | 1 files changed, 15643 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) [+] |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/summa/english/summaMatrix.html Sun Jan 03 14:38:05 2010 +0000 @@ -0,0 +1,15643 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + <title>Summa Theologica (all)</title> + <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/ss/ThML10.css" /> + <style type="text/css"></style> + </head> + <body onload="init.call(); highlightSearch();"> + <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/ss/util-dom.js"></script> + <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/ss/highlight.js"></script> + <p> + <a name="about"> </a> + </p> + <center> + <table border="2" style="margin-top:12pt; width: 440pt; border-color: #660000"> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#660000" width="100%" colspan="3"> + <p class="whitehead" style="text-align:center; font-size:14pt">About + + <i>Summa Theologica</i> by Saint Thomas Aquinas + </p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="3"> + <center> + <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:12pt"> + <form method="get" action="http://www.ccel.org/search"> + <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:14pt"> + <a class="TOC" href="#i">Title Page</a> + </span> + + + <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:14pt"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.toc.html">Table of Contents</a> + </span> + + + + + + <input type="hidden" name="a" value="advanced_search" /> + <input type="hidden" name="authorID" value="aquinas" /> + <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="summa" /> + <span style="font-weight:bold; font-size:16pt">Search:</span> + + <input type="text" size="12" name="q" value="" /> + <input type="submit" value="Go" /> + </form> + </div> + </center> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <table> + <tr> + <td style="width:110pt; text-align:right;"> + <p style="margin-top:12pt"> + <b>Title:</b> + </p> + </td> + <td style="width:5pt"></td> + <td> + <p style="margin-top:12pt"> + <a class="TOC" href="#i">Summa Theologica</a> + </p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + <b>Creator(s):</b> + </td> + <td></td> + <td> + <a class="TOC" href="/ccel/aquinas.html">Thomas Aquinas, Saint (1225?-1274)</a> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + <b>Rights:</b> + </td> + <td></td> + <td>Public Domain</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + <b>LC Call no:</b> + </td> + <td></td> + <td>BX1749 .T5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + <b>LC Subjects:</b> + </td> + <td></td> + <td> + <p class="t1">Christian Denominations</p> + <p class="t2">Roman Catholic Church</p> + <p class="t3">Theology. Doctrine. Dogmatics</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="right" valign="top"> + <p style="margin-bottom:12pt"> + <b> + <a class="TOC" href="http://www.ccel.org/help/formats.html">Other Formats:</a> + </b> + </p> + </td> + <td></td> + <td> + <p style="margin-bottom:12pt"> + <a class="TOC" href="/a/aquinas/summa.xml">ThML</a> + - + <a class="TOC" href="/ccel/aquinas/summa.pdf">pdf</a> + - + <a class="TOC" href="/ccel/aquinas/summa.pdb">pdb</a> + - + <a class="TOC" href="/ccel/aquinas/summa.htm">htm</a> + - + <a class="TOC" href="/ccel/aquinas/summa.txt">txt</a> + - + <a class="TOC" href="/ccel/aquinas/summa.fo">fo</a> + </p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + <table style="width:100%"> + <tr> + <td bgcolor="#660000" width="100%" colspan="3"> + <p class="whitehead" style="text-align:center;font-size:14pt"> + Other ways to get + <i>Summa Theologica</i> + </p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="3"> + <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-left:10%"> + <a href="http://www.christianbook.com/Christian/Books/easy_find?event=AFF&p=1026055&Ns=product.number_sold&Nso=1&Ntk=typeset.typeset&Ntt=aquinas%20summa&Nu=product.endeca_rollup"> + Search for this book at ChristianBooks.com + </a> + </p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </center> + <h1 class="title">Summa Theologica</h1> + <h3 class="subhead">by</h3> + <h2 class="subhead">Saint Thomas Aquinas</h2> + <hr width="30%" /> + <div style="text-align:center; margin-left:0.5in; margin-right:0.5in"> + <table align="center"> + <tr> + <td> + <h1 class="title" id="toc">Table of Contents</h1> + <p class="TOC1" style="text-align:center"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.html"> + <i>About This Book</i> + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:block" id="di"> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.i.html">Title Page</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP.i','pFP.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.html">First Part</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP.i"> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q1','pFP_Q1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.i.html">Treatise on Sacred Doctrine (Q[1])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q1"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q1_A1','pFP_Q1_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q1_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1.html">Question. 1 - The Nature and Extent of Sacred Doctrine (Ten Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q1_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether, besides philosophy, any further doctrine is required?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sacred doctrine is a science?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sacred doctrine is one science?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sacred doctrine is a practical science?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether sacred doctrine is nobler than other sciences?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether this doctrine is the same as wisdom?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether God is the object of this science?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether sacred doctrine is a matter of argument?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether Holy Scripture should use metaphors?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q1_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether in Holy Scripture a word may have several senses?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q2','pFP_Q2')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q2" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.ii.html">Treatise on The One God (QQ[2-26])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q2"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q2_A1','pFP_Q2_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q2_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q2.html">Question. 2 - The Existence of God (Three Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q2_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q2_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the existence of God is self-evident?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q2_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it can be demonstrated that God exists?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q2_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God exists?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q3_A1','pFP_Q3_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q3_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3.html">Question. 3 - OF THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q3_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God is a body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God is composed of matter and form?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God is the same as His essence or nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether essence and existence are the same in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether God is contained in a genus?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether in God there are any accidents?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether God is altogether simple?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q3_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether God enters into the composition of other things?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q4_A1','pFP_Q4_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q4_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q4.html">Question. 4 - THE PERFECTION OF GOD (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q4_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q4_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God is perfect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q4_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the perfections of all things are in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q4_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any creature can be like God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q5_A1','pFP_Q5_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q5_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q5.html">Question. 5 - OF GOODNESS IN GENERAL (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q5_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q5_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether goodness differs really from being?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q5_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether goodness is prior in idea to being?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q5_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether every being is good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q5_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether goodness has the aspect of a final cause?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q5_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the essence of goodness consists in mode, species and order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q5_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether goodness is rightly divided into the virtuous*, the useful and the pleasant? [*“Bonum honestum” is the + virtuous good considered as fitting. (cf. SS, Q[141], A[3]; SS, Q[145])] + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q6_A1','pFP_Q6_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q6_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q6.html">Question. 6 - THE GOODNESS OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q6_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q6_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God is good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q6_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God is the supreme good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q6_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether to be essentially good belongs to God alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q6_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all things are good by the divine goodness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q7_A1','pFP_Q7_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q7_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q7.html">Question. 7 - THE INFINITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q7_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q7_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God is infinite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q7_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether anything but God can be essentially infinite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q7_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an actually infinite magnitude can exist?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q7_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an infinite multitude can exist?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q8_A1','pFP_Q8_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q8_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q8.html">Question. 8 - THE EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q8_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q8_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God is in all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q8_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God is everywhere?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q8_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God is everywhere by essence, presence and power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q8_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether to be everywhere belongs to God alone?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q9_A1','pFP_Q9_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q9_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q9.html">Question. 9 - THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q9_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q9_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God is altogether immutable?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q9_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether to be immutable belongs to God alone?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q10_A1','pFP_Q10_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q10_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q10.html">Question. 10 - THE ETERNITY OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q10_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q10_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether this is a good definition of eternity, “The simultaneously-whole and perfect possession of interminable + life”? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q10_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God is eternal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q10_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether to be eternal belongs to God alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q10_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether eternity differs from time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q10_A5.html">Article. 5 - The difference of aeviternity and time</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q10_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there is only one aeviternity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q11_A1','pFP_Q11_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q11_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q11.html">Question. 11 - THE UNITY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q11_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q11_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether “one” adds anything to “being”?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q11_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether “one” and “many” are opposed to each other?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q11_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God is one?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q11_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God is supremely one?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q12_A1','pFP_Q12_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q12_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12.html">Question. 12 - HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US (THIRTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q12_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any created intellect can see the essence of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the essence of God is seen by the created intellect through an image?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the essence of God can be seen with the bodily eye?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether any created intellect by its natural powers can see the Divine essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the created intellect needs any created light in order to see the essence of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether of those who see the essence of God, one sees more perfectly than another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether those who see the essence of God comprehend Him?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether those who see the essence of God see all in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether what is seen in God by those who see the Divine essence, is seen through any similitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether those who see the essence of God see all they see in it at the same time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether anyone in this life can see the essence of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether God can be known in this life by natural reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q12_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether by grace a higher knowledge of God can be obtained than by natural reason?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q13_A1','pFP_Q13_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q13_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13.html">Question. 13 - THE NAMES OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q13_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a name can be given to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether any name can be applied to God substantially?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any name can be applied to God in its literal sense?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether names applied to God are synonymous?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether what is said of God and of creatures is univocally predicated of them?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether names predicated of God are predicated primarily of creatures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether names which imply relation to creatures are predicated of God temporally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether this name “God” is a name of the nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether this name “God” is communicable?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether this name “God” is applied to God univocally by nature, by participation, and according to opinion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether this name, HE WHO IS, is the most proper name of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q13_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether affirmative propositions can be formed about God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q14_A1','pFP_Q14_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q14_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14.html">Question. 14 - OF GOD’S KNOWLEDGE (SIXTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q14_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is knowledge [*Scientia]?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God understands Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God comprehends Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the act of God’s intellect is His substance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether God knows things other than Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether God knows things other than Himself by proper knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the knowledge of God is discursive?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the knowledge of God is the cause of things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether God has knowledge of things that are not?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether God knows evil things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether God knows singular things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether God can know infinite things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether the knowledge of God is of future contingent things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A14.html">Article. 14 - Whether God knows enunciable things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A15.html">Article. 15 - Whether the knowledge of God is variable?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q14_A16.html">Article. 16 - Whether God has a speculative knowledge of things?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q15_A1','pFP_Q15_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q15_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q15.html">Question. 15 - OF IDEAS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q15_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q15_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are ideas?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q15_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether ideas are many?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q15_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there are ideas of all things that God knows?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q16_A1','pFP_Q16_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q16_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16.html">Question. 16 - OF TRUTH (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q16_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether truth resides only in the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether truth resides only in the intellect composing and dividing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the true and being are convertible terms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether good is logically prior to the true?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether God is truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there is only one truth, according to which all things are true?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether created truth is eternal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q16_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether truth is immutable?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q17_A1','pFP_Q17_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q17_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q17.html">Question. 17 - CONCERNING FALSITY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q17_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q17_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether falsity exists in things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q17_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there is falsity in the senses?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q17_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether falsity is in the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q17_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether true and false are contraries?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q18_A1','pFP_Q18_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q18_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q18.html">Question. 18 - THE LIFE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q18_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q18_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether to live belongs to all natural things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q18_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether life is an operation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q18_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether life is properly attributed to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q18_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all things are life in God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q19_A1','pFP_Q19_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q19_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19.html">Question. 19 - THE WILL OF GOD (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q19_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is will in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God wills things apart from Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether whatever God wills He wills necessarily?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the will of God is the cause of things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether any cause can be assigned to the divine will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the will of God is always fulfilled?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the will of God is changeable?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the will of God imposes necessity on the things willed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether God wills evils?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether God has free-will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the will of expression is to be distinguished in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q19_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether five expressions of will are rightly assigned to the divine will?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q20_A1','pFP_Q20_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q20_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q20.html">Question. 20 - GOD'S LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q20_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q20_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether love exists in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q20_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God loves all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q20_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God loves all things equally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q20_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God always loves more the better things?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q21_A1','pFP_Q21_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q21_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q21.html">Question. 21 - THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q21_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q21_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is justice in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q21_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the justice of God is truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q21_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether mercy can be attributed to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q21_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in every work of God there are mercy and justice?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q22_A1','pFP_Q22_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q22_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q22.html">Question. 22 - THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q22_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q22_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether providence can suitably be attributed to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q22_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether everything is subject to the providence of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q22_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God has immediate providence over everything?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q22_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether providence imposes any necessity on things foreseen?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q23_A1','pFP_Q23_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q23_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23.html">Question. 23 - OF PREDESTINATION (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q23_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether men are predestined by God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether predestination places anything in the predestined?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God reprobates any man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the predestined are chosen by God? [*“Eligantur.”]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the foreknowledge of merits is the cause of predestination?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether predestination is certain?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the number of the predestined is certain?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q23_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether predestination can be furthered by the prayers of the saints?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q24_A1','pFP_Q24_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q24_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q24.html">Question. 24 - THE BOOK OF LIFE (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q24_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q24_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the book of life is the same as predestination?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q24_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the book of life regards only the life of glory of the predestined?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q24_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether anyone may be blotted out of the book of life?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q25_A1','pFP_Q25_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q25_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q25.html">Question. 25 - THE POWER OF GOD (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q25_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q25_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is power in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q25_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the power of God is infinite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q25_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God is omnipotent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q25_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God can make the past not to have been?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q25_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether God can do what He does not?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q25_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether God can do better than what He does?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q26_A1','pFP_Q26_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q26_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q26.html">Question. 26 - OF THE DIVINE BEATITUDE (FOUR ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q26_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q26_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether beatitude belongs to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q26_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God is called blessed in respect of His intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q26_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God is the beatitude of each of the blessed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q26_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all other beatitude is included in the beatitude of God?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q27','pFP_Q27')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q27" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.iii.html">Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q27"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q27_A1','pFP_Q27_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q27_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q27.html">Question. 27 - The Procession of the Divine Persons (Five Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q27_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q27_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is procession in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q27_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether any procession in God can be called generation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q27_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any other procession exists in God besides that of the Word?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q27_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the procession of love in God is generation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q27_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there are more than two processions in God? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q28_A1','pFP_Q28_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q28_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q28.html">Question. 28 - THE DIVINE RELATIONS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q28_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q28_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are real relations in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q28_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether relation in God is the same as His essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q28_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the relations in God are really distinguished from each other?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q28_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in God there are only four real relations---paternity, filiation, spiration, and procession?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q29_A1','pFP_Q29_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q29_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q29.html">Question. 29 - THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q29_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q29_A1.html">Article. 1 - The definition of “person”</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q29_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether “person” is the same as hypostasis, subsistence, and essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q29_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the word “person” should be said of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q29_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether this word “person” signifies relation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q30_A1','pFP_Q30_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q30_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q30.html">Question. 30 - THE PLURALITY OF PERSONS IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q30_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q30_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are several persons in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q30_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are more than three persons in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q30_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the numeral terms denote anything real in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q30_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether this term “person” can be common to the three persons?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q31_A1','pFP_Q31_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q31_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q31.html">Question. 31 - OF WHAT BELONGS TO THE UNITY OR PLURALITY IN GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q31_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q31_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is trinity in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q31_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Son is other than the Father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q31_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the exclusive word “alone” should be added to the essential term in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q31_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an exclusive diction can be joined to the personal term?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q32_A1','pFP_Q32_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q32_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q32.html">Question. 32 - THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q32_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q32_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the trinity of the divine persons can be known by natural reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q32_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are notions in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q32_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there are five notions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q32_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful to have various contrary opinions of notions?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q33_A1','pFP_Q33_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q33_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q33.html">Question. 33 - OF THE PERSON OF THE FATHER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q33_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q33_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it belongs to the Father to be the principle?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q33_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this name “Father” is properly the name of a divine person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q33_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether this name “Father” is applied to God, firstly as a personal name?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q33_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is proper to the Father to be unbegotten?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q34_A1','pFP_Q34_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q34_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q34.html">Question. 34 - OF THE PERSON OF THE SON (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q34_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q34_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Word in God is a personal name?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q34_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether “Word” is the Son's proper name?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q34_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the name “Word” imports relation to creatures?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q35_A1','pFP_Q35_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q35_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q35.html">Question. 35 - OF THE IMAGE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q35_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q35_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether image in God is said personally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q35_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the name of Image is proper to the Son?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q36_A1','pFP_Q36_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q36_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q36.html">Question. 36 - OF THE PERSON OF THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q36_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q36_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether this name “Holy Ghost” is the proper name of one divine person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q36_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q36_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father through the Son?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q36_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Father and the Son are one principle of the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q37_A1','pFP_Q37_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q37_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q37.html">Question. 37 - OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST---LOVE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q37_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q37_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether “Love” is the proper name of the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q37_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Father and the Son love each other by the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q38_A1','pFP_Q38_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q38_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q38.html">Question. 38 - OF THE NAME OF THE HOLY GHOST, AS GIFT (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q38_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q38_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether 'Gift' is a personal name?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q38_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether 'Gift' is the proper name of the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q39_A1','pFP_Q39_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q39_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39.html">Question. 39 - OF THE PERSONS IN RELATION TO THE ESSENCE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q39_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in God the essence is the same as the person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it must be said that the three persons are of one essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether essential names should be predicated in the singular of the three persons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the concrete essential names can stand for the person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether abstract essential names can stand for the person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the persons can be predicated of the essential terms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the essential names should be appropriated to the persons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q39_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the essential attributes are appropriated to the persons in a fitting manner by the holy doctors?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q40_A1','pFP_Q40_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q40_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q40.html">Question. 40 - OF THE PERSONS AS COMPARED TO THE RELATIONS OR PROPERTIES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q40_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q40_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether relation is the same as person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q40_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the persons are distinguished by the relations?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q40_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the hypostases remain if the relations are mentally abstracted from the persons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q40_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the properties presuppose the notional acts?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q41_A1','pFP_Q41_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q41_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q41.html">Question. 41 - OF THE PERSONS IN REFERENCE TO THE NOTIONAL ACTS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q41_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q41_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the notional acts are to be attributed to the persons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q41_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the notional acts are voluntary?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q41_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the notional acts proceed from something?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q41_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in God there is a power in respect of the notional acts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q41_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the power of begetting signifies a relation, and not the essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q41_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether several persons can be the term of one notional act?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q42_A1','pFP_Q42_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q42_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q42.html">Question. 42 - OF EQUALITY AND LIKENESS AMONG THE DIVINE PERSONS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q42_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q42_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is equality in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q42_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the person proceeding is co-eternal with His principle, as the Son with the Father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q42_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether in the divine persons there exists an order of nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q42_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Son is equal to the Father in greatness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q42_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the Son is in the Father, and conversely?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q42_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the Son is equal to the Father in power?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q43_A1','pFP_Q43_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q43_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43.html">Question. 43 - THE MISSION OF THE DIVINE PERSONS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q43_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a divine person can be properly sent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether mission is eternal, or only temporal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the invisible mission of the divine person is only according to the gift of sanctifying grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Father can be fittingly sent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is fitting for the Son to be sent invisibly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the invisible mission is to all who participate grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it is fitting for the Holy Ghost to be sent visibly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q43_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether a divine person is sent only by the person whence He proceeds eternally?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q44','pFP_Q44')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q44" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.iv.html">Treatise on The Creation (QQ[44-49])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q44"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q44_A1','pFP_Q44_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q44_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q44.html">Question. 44 - The Procession of Creatures From God, and of the First Cause of all Things (Four Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q44_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q44_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is necessary that every being be created by God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q44_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether primary matter is created by God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q44_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the exemplar cause is anything besides God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q44_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God is the final cause of all things?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q45_A1','pFP_Q45_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q45_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45.html">Question. 45 - THE MODE OF EMANATION OF THINGS FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q45_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether to create is to make something from nothing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God can create anything?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether creation is anything in the creature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether to be created belongs to composite and subsisting things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it belongs to God alone to create?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether to create is proper to any person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether in creatures is necessarily found a trace of the Trinity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q45_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether creation is mingled with works of nature and art?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q46_A1','pFP_Q46_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q46_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q46.html">Question. 46 - OF THE BEGINNING OF THE DURATION OF CREATURES (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q46_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q46_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the universe of creatures always existed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q46_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is an article of faith that the world began?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q46_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the creation of things was in the beginning of time?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q47','pFP_Q47')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q47" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.v.html">Treatise on The Distinction of Things In General (Q[47])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q47"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q47_A1','pFP_Q47_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q47_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q47.html">Question. 47 - Of The Distinctionn of Things In General (Three Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q47_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q47_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the multitude and distinction of things come from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q47_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the inequality of things is from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q47_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is only one world?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q48','pFP_Q48')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q48" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.vi.html">Treatise on The Distinction of Good And Evil (Q[48-49])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q48"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q48_A1','pFP_Q48_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q48_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q48.html">Question. 48 - The Distinction of Things in Particular (Six Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q48_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q48_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether evil is a nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q48_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether evil is found in things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q48_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether evil is in good as in its subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q48_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether evil corrupts the whole good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q48_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether evil is adequately divided into pain* and fault?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q48_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether pain has the nature of evil more than fault has?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q49_A1','pFP_Q49_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q49_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q49.html">Question. 49 - THE CAUSE OF EVIL (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q49_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q49_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether good can be the cause of evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q49_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the supreme good, God, is the cause of evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q49_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there be one supreme evil which is the cause of every evil?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q50','pFP_Q50')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q50" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.vii.html">TREATISE ON THE ANGELS (QQ[50]-64)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q50"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q50_A1','pFP_Q50_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q50_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q50.html">Question. 50 - Of The Substance of The Angels Absolutely Considered (Five Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q50_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q50_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an angel is altogether incorporeal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q50_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether an angel is composed of matter and form?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q50_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angels exist in any great number?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q50_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the angels differ in species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q50_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the angels are incorruptible?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q51_A1','pFP_Q51_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q51_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q51.html">Question. 51 - OF THE ANGELS IN COMPARISON WITH BODIES (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q51_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q51_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the angels have bodies naturally united to them?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q51_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether angels assume bodies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q51_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angels exercise functions of life in the bodies assumed?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q52_A1','pFP_Q52_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q52_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q52.html">Question. 52 - OF THE ANGELS IN RELATION TO PLACE (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q52_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q52_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an angel is in a place?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q52_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether an angel can be in several places at once?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q52_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether several angels can be at the same time in the same place? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q53_A1','pFP_Q53_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q53_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q53.html">Question. 53 - OF THE LOCAL MOVEMENT OF THE ANGELS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q53_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q53_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an angel can be moved locally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q53_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether an angel passes through intermediate space?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q53_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the movement of an angel is instantaneous?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q54_A1','pFP_Q54_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q54_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q54.html">Question. 54 - OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q54_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q54_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an angel's act of understanding is his substance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q54_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the angel to understand is to exist?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q54_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an angel's power of intelligence is his essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q54_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there is an active and a passive intellect in an angel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q54_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there is only intellectual knowledge in the angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q55_A1','pFP_Q55_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q55_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q55.html">Question. 55 - OF THE MEDIUM OF THE ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q55_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q55_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the angels know all things by their substance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q55_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the angels understand by species drawn from things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q55_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the higher angels understand by more universal species than the lower angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q56_A1','pFP_Q56_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q56_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q56.html">Question. 56 - OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF IMMATERIAL THINGS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q56_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q56_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an angel knows himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q56_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether one angel knows another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q56_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an angle knows God by his own natural principles?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q57_A1','pFP_Q57_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q57_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q57.html">Question. 57 - OF THE ANGEL'S KNOWLEDGE OF MATERIAL THINGS (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q57_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q57_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the angels know material things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q57_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether an angel knows singulars?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q57_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether angels know the future?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q57_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether angels know secret thoughts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q57_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the angels know the mysteries of grace?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q58_A1','pFP_Q58_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q58_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58.html">Question. 58 - OF THE MODE OF ANGELIC KNOWLEDGE (SEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q58_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the angel's intellect is sometimes in potentiality, sometimes in act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether an angel can understand many things at the same time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an angel's knowledge is discursive?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the angels understand by composing and dividing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there can be falsehood in the intellect of an angel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there is a 'morning' and an 'evening' knowledge in the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q58_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the morning and evening knowledge are one?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q59_A1','pFP_Q59_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q59_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q59.html">Question. 59 - THE WILL OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q59_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q59_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is will in the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q59_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the angels the will differs from the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q59_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is free-will in the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q59_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there is an irascible and a concupiscible appetite in the angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q60_A1','pFP_Q60_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q60_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q60.html">Question. 60 - OF THE LOVE OR DILECTION OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q60_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q60_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is natural love or dilection in an angel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q60_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there is love of choice in the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q60_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angel loves himself with both natural love, and love of choice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q60_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an angel loves another with natural love as he loves himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q60_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether an angel by natural love loves God more than he loves himself?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q61_A1','pFP_Q61_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q61_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q61.html">Question. 61 - OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF NATURAL BEING (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q61_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q61_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the angels have a cause of their existence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q61_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the angel was produced by God from eternity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q61_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angels were created before the corporeal world?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q61_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the angels were created in the empyrean heaven?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q62_A1','pFP_Q62_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q62_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62.html">Question. 62 - OF THE PERFECTION OF THE ANGELS IN THE ORDER OF GRACE AND OF GLORY (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q62_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the angels were created in beatitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether an angel needs grace in order to turn to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angels were created in grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an angel merits his beatitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the angel obtained beatitude immediately after one act of merit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the angels receive grace and glory according to the degree of their natural gifts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether natural knowledge and love remain in the beatified angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether a beatified angel can sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q62_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the beatified angels advance in beatitude?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q63_A1','pFP_Q63_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q63_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63.html">Question. 63 - THE MALICE OF THE ANGELS WITH REGARD TO SIN (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q63_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the evil of fault can be in the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether only the sin of pride and envy can exist in an angel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the devil desired to be as God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether any demons are naturally wicked?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the devil was wicked by the fault of his own will in the first instant of his creation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there was any interval between the creation and the fall of the angel? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the highest angel among those who sinned was the highest of all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the sin of the highest angel was the cause of the others sinning?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q63_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether those who sinned were as many as those who remained firm?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q64_A1','pFP_Q64_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q64_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q64.html">Question. 64 - THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DEMONS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q64_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q64_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the demons' intellect is darkened by privation of the knowledge of all truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q64_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the will of the demons is obstinate in evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q64_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is sorrow in the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q64_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether our atmosphere is the demons' place of punishment?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q65','pFP_Q65')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q65" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.viii.html">TREATISE ON THE WORK OF THE SIX DAYS (QQ[65]-74)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q65"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q65_A1','pFP_Q65_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q65_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q65.html">Question. 65 - The Work of Creation of Corporeal Creatures (Four Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q65_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q65_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether corporeal creatures are from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q65_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether corporeal things were made on account of God's goodness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q65_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether corporeal creatures were produced by God through the medium of the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q65_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the forms of bodies are from the angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q66_A1','pFP_Q66_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q66_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q66.html">Question. 66 - ON THE ORDER OF CREATION TOWARDS DISTINCTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q66_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q66_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether formlessness of created matter preceded in time its formation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q66_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the formless matter of all corporeal things is the same?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q66_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the empyrean heaven was created at the same time as formless matter?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q66_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether time was created simultaneously with formless matter?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q67_A1','pFP_Q67_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q67_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q67.html">Question. 67 - ON THE WORK OF DISTINCTION IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q67_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q67_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the word 'light' is used in its proper sense in speaking of spiritual things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q67_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether light is a body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q67_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether light is a quality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q67_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the production of light is fittingly assigned to the first day?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q68_A1','pFP_Q68_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q68_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q68.html">Question. 68 - ON THE WORK OF THE SECOND DAY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q68_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q68_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the firmament was made on the second day?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q68_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are waters above the firmament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q68_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the firmament divides waters from waters?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q68_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there is only one heaven?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q69_A1','pFP_Q69_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q69_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q69.html">Question. 69 - ON THE WORK OF THE THIRD DAY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q69_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q69_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that the gathering together of the waters should take place, as recorded, on the third + day? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q69_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was fitting that the production of plants should take place on the third day?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q70_A1','pFP_Q70_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q70_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q70.html">Question. 70 - OF THE WORK OF ADORNMENT, AS REGARDS THE FOURTH DAY (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q70_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q70_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the lights ought to have been produced on the fourth day?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q70_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the cause assigned for the production of the lights is reasonable?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q70_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the lights of heaven are living beings?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q71.html">Question. 71 - ON THE WORK OF THE FIFTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE)</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q72.html">Question. 72 - ON THE WORK OF THE SIXTH DAY (ONE ARTICLE)</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q73_A1','pFP_Q73_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q73_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q73.html">Question. 73 - ON THE THINGS THAT BELONG TO THE SEVENTH DAY (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q73_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q73_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the completion of the Divine works ought to be ascribed to the seventh day?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q73_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God rested on the seventh day from all His work?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q73_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether blessing and sanctifying are due to the seventh day?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q74_A1','pFP_Q74_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q74_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q74.html">Question. 74 - ON ALL THE SEVEN DAYS IN COMMON (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q74_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q74_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether these days are sufficiently enumerated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q74_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all these days are one day?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q74_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Scripture uses suitable words to express the work of the six days?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q75','pFP_Q75')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q75" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.ix.html">TREATISE ON MAN (QQ[75]-102)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q75"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q75_A1','pFP_Q75_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q75_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75.html">Question. 75 - Of Man Who is Composed of a Spiritual and a Corporeal Substance: And in the First Place, Concerning What Belongs + to the Essence of the Soul (Seven Articles) + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q75_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the soul is a body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the human soul is something subsistent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the souls of brute animals are subsistent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the soul is man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the soul is composed of matter and form?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the human soul is incorruptible?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q75_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the soul is of the same species as an angel?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q76_A1','pFP_Q76_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q76_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76.html">Question. 76 - OF THE UNION OF BODY AND SOUL (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q76_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the intellectual principle is united to the body as its form?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the intellectual principle is multiplied according to the number of bodies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether besides the intellectual soul there are in man other souls essentially different from one another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in man there is another form besides the intellectual soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the intellectual soul is properly united to such a body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the intellectual soul is united to the body through the medium of accidental dispositions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the soul is united to the animal body by means of a body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q76_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the soul is in each part of the body?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q77_A1','pFP_Q77_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q77_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77.html">Question. 77 - OF THOSE THINGS WHICH BELONG TO THE POWERS OF THE SOUL IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q77_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the essence of the soul is its power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are several powers of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the powers are distinguished by their acts and objects? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether among the powers of the soul there is order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether all the powers of the soul are in the soul as their subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the powers of the soul flow from its essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether one power of the soul arises from another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q77_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether all the powers remain in the soul when separated from the body?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q78_A1','pFP_Q78_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q78_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q78.html">Question. 78 - OF THE SPECIFIC POWERS OF THE SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q78_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q78_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are to be distinguished five genera of powers in the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q78_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the parts of the vegetative soul are fittingly described as the nutritive, augmentative, and generative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q78_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the five exterior senses are properly distinguished?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q78_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the interior senses are suitably distinguished?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q79_A1','pFP_Q79_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q79_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79.html">Question. 79 - OF THE INTELLECTUAL POWERS (THIRTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q79_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the intellect is a power of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the intellect is a passive power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is an active intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the active intellect is something in the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the active intellect is one in all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether memory is in the intellectual part of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the intellectual memory is a power distinct from the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the reason is distinct from the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the higher and lower reason are distinct powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether intelligence is a power distinct from intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the speculative and practical intellects are distinct powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether synderesis is a special power of the soul distinct from the others?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q79_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether conscience be a power?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q80_A1','pFP_Q80_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q80_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q80.html">Question. 80 - OF THE APPETITIVE POWERS IN GENERAL (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q80_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q80_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the appetite is a special power of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q80_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the sensitive and intellectual appetites are distinct powers?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q81_A1','pFP_Q81_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q81_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q81.html">Question. 81 - OF THE POWER OF SENSUALITY (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q81_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q81_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sensuality is only appetitive?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q81_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the sensitive appetite is divided into the irascible and concupiscible as distinct powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q81_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the irascible and concupiscible appetites obey reason?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q82_A1','pFP_Q82_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q82_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q82.html">Question. 82 - OF THE WILL (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q82_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q82_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the will desires something of necessity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q82_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the will desires of necessity, whatever it desires?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q82_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the will is a higher power than the intellect? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q82_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the will moves the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q82_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether we should distinguish irascible and concupiscible parts in the superior appetite?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q83_A1','pFP_Q83_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q83_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q83.html">Question. 83 - OF FREE-WILL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q83_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q83_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether man has free-will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q83_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether free-will is a power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q83_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether free-will is an appetitive power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q83_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether free-will is a power distinct from the will?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q84_A1','pFP_Q84_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q84_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84.html">Question. 84 - HOW THE SOUL WHILE UNITED TO THE BODY UNDERSTANDS CORPOREAL THINGS BENEATH IT (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q84_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the soul knows bodies through the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the soul understands corporeal things through its essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the soul understands all things through innate species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the intelligible species are derived by the soul from certain separate forms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the intellectual soul knows material things in the eternal types?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether intellectual knowledge is derived from sensible things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the intellect can actually understand through the intelligible species of which it is possessed, without + turning to the phantasms? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q84_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the judgment of the intellect is hindered through suspension of the sensitive powers?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q85_A1','pFP_Q85_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q85_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85.html">Question. 85 - OF THE MODE AND ORDER OF UNDERSTANDING (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q85_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether our intellect understands corporeal and material things by abstraction from phantasms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the intelligible species abstracted from the phantasm is related to our intellect as that which is understood?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the more universal is first in our intellectual cognition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether we can understand many things at the same time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether our intellect understands by composition and division?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the intellect can be false?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether one person can understand one and the same thing better than another can?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q85_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the intellect understands the indivisible before the divisible?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q86_A1','pFP_Q86_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q86_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q86.html">Question. 86 - WHAT OUR INTELLECT KNOWS IN MATERIAL THINGS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q86_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q86_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether our intellect knows singulars?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q86_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether our intellect can know the infinite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q86_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether our intellect can know contingent things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q86_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether our intellect can know the future?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q87_A1','pFP_Q87_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q87_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q87.html">Question. 87 - HOW THE INTELLECTUAL SOUL KNOWS ITSELF AND ALL WITHIN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q87_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q87_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the intellectual soul knows itself by its essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q87_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether our intellect knows the habits of the soul by their essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q87_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether our intellect knows its own act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q87_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the intellect understands the act of the will?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q88_A1','pFP_Q88_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q88_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q88.html">Question. 88 - HOW THE HUMAN SOUL KNOWS WHAT IS ABOVE ITSELF (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q88_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q88_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the human soul in the present state of life can understand immaterial substances in themselves?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q88_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether our intellect can understand immaterial substances through its knowledge of material things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q88_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God is the first object known by the human mind?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q89_A1','pFP_Q89_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q89_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89.html">Question. 89 - OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SEPARATED SOUL (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q89_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the separated soul can understand anything?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the separated soul understands separate substances?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the separated soul knows all natural things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the separated soul knows singulars?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the habit of knowledge here acquired remains in the separated soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the act of knowledge acquired here remains in the separated soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether local distance impedes the knowledge in the separated soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q89_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether separated souls know that takes place on earth?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q90_A1','pFP_Q90_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q90_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q90.html">Question. 90 - OF THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF MAN'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q90_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q90_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the soul was made or was of God's substance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q90_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the soul was produced by creation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q90_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the rational soul is produced by God immediately?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q90_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the human soul was produced before the body?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q91_A1','pFP_Q91_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q91_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q91.html">Question. 91 - THE PRODUCTION OF THE FIRST MAN'S BODY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q91_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q91_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the body of the first man was made of the slime of the earth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q91_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the human body was immediately produced by God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q91_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the body of man was given an apt disposition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q91_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the production of the human body is fittingly described in Scripture?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q92_A1','pFP_Q92_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q92_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q92.html">Question. 92 - THE PRODUCTION OF THE WOMAN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q92_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q92_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the woman should have been made in the first production of things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q92_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether woman should have been made from man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q92_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the woman was fittingly made from the rib of man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q92_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the woman was formed immediately by God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q93_A1','pFP_Q93_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q93_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93.html">Question. 93 - THE END OR TERM OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q93_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the image of God is in man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the image of God is to be found in irrational creatures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angels are more to the image of God than man is?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the image of God is found in every man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the image of God is in man according to the Trinity of Persons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the image of God is in man as regards the mind only?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the image of God is to be found in the acts of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the image of the Divine Trinity is in the soul only by comparison with God as its object?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q93_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether 'likeness' is properly distinguished from 'image'?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q94_A1','pFP_Q94_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q94_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q94.html">Question. 94 - OF THE STATE AND CONDITION OF THE FIRST MAN AS REGARDS HIS INTELLECT (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q94_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q94_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the first man saw God through His Essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q94_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Adam in the state of innocence saw the angels through their essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q94_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the first man knew all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q94_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether man in his first state could be deceived?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q95_A1','pFP_Q95_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q95_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q95.html">Question. 95 - OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE FIRST MAN'S WILL---NAMELY, GRACE AND RIGHTEOUSNESS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q95_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q95_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the first man was created in grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q95_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether passions existed in the soul of the first man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q95_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Adam had all the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q95_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the actions of the first man were less meritorious than ours are?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q96_A1','pFP_Q96_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q96_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q96.html">Question. 96 - OF THE MASTERSHIP BELONGING TO MAN IN THE STATE OF INNOCENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q96_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q96_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Adam in the state of innocence had mastership over the animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q96_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether man had mastership over all other creatures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q96_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether men were equal in the state of innocence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q96_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in the state of innocence man would have been master over man?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q97_A1','pFP_Q97_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q97_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q97.html">Question. 97 - OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE PRIMITIVE STATE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q97_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q97_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in the state of innocence man would have been immortal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q97_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the state of innocence man would have been passible?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q97_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether in the state of innocence man had need of food?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q97_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in the state of innocence man would have acquired immortality by the tree of life?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q98_A1','pFP_Q98_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q98_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q98.html">Question. 98 - OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE SPECIES (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q98_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q98_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in the state of innocence generation existed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q98_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the state of innocence there would have been generation by coition?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q99_A1','pFP_Q99_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q99_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q99.html">Question. 99 - OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS TO THE BODY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q99_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q99_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in the state of innocence children would have had perfect strength of body as to the use of its members + immediately after birth? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q99_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether, in the primitive state, women would have been born?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q100_A1','pFP_Q100_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q100_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q100.html">Question. 100 - OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS RIGHTEOUSNESS (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q100_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q100_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether men would have been born in a state of righteousness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q100_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born confirmed in righteousness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q101_A1','pFP_Q101_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q101_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q101.html">Question. 101 - OF THE CONDITION OF THE OFFSPRING AS REGARDS KNOWLEDGE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q101_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q101_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in the state of innocence children would have been born with perfect knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q101_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether children would have had perfect use of reason at birth?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q102_A1','pFP_Q102_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q102_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q102.html">Question. 102 - OF MAN'S ABODE, WHICH IS PARADISE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q102_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q102_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether paradise is a corporeal place?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q102_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether paradise was a place adapted to be the abode of man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q102_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether man was placed in paradise to dress it and keep it?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q102_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether man was created in paradise?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q103','pFP_Q103')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q103" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP.x.html">TREATISE ON THE CONSERVATION AND GOVERNMENT OF CREATURES (QQ[103]-119)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q103"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q103_A1','pFP_Q103_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q103_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103.html">Question. 103 - Of the Government of Things in General (Eight Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q103_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the world is governed by anyone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the end of the government of the world is something outside the world?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the world is governed by one?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the effect of government is one or many?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether all things are subject to the Divine government?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether all things are immediately governed by God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether anything can happen outside the order of the Divine government?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q103_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether anything can resist the order of the Divine government?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q104_A1','pFP_Q104_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q104_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q104.html">Question. 104 - THE SPECIAL EFFECTS OF THE DIVINE GOVERNMENT (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q104_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q104_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether creatures need to be kept in being by God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q104_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God preserves every creature immediately?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q104_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God can annihilate anything?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q104_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether anything is annihilated?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q105_A1','pFP_Q105_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q105_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105.html">Question. 105 - OF THE CHANGE OF CREATURES BY GOD (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q105_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God can move the matter immediately to the form?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God can move a body immediately?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God moves the created intellect immediately?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God can move the created will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether God works in every agent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether God can do anything outside the established order of nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether whatever God does outside the natural order is miraculous?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q105_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether one miracle is greater than another?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q106_A1','pFP_Q106_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q106_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q106.html">Question. 106 - HOW ONE CREATURE MOVES ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q106_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q106_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether one angel enlightens another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q106_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether one angel moves another angel's will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q106_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an inferior angel can enlighten a superior angel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q106_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the superior angel enlightens the inferior as regards all he himself knows?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q107_A1','pFP_Q107_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q107_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q107.html">Question. 107 - THE SPEECH OF THE ANGELS (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q107_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q107_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether one angel speaks to another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q107_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the inferior angel speaks to the superior?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q107_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an angel speaks to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q107_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether local distance influences the angelic speech?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q107_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether all the angels know what one speaks to another?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q108_A1','pFP_Q108_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q108_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108.html">Question. 108 - OF THE ANGELIC DEGREES OF HIERARCHIES AND ORDERS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q108_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all the angels are of one hierarchy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are several orders in one hierarchy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there are many angels in one order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the distinction of hierarchies and orders comes from the angelic nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the orders of the angels are properly named?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the grades of the orders are properly assigned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the orders will outlast the Day of Judgment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q108_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether men are taken up into the angelic orders?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q109_A1','pFP_Q109_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q109_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q109.html">Question. 109 - THE ORDERING OF THE BAD ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q109_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q109_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are orders among the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q109_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether among the demons there is precedence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q109_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is enlightenment in the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q109_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the good angels have precedence over the bad angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q110_A1','pFP_Q110_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q110_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q110.html">Question. 110 - HOW ANGELS ACT ON BODIES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q110_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q110_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the corporeal creature is governed by the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q110_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether corporeal matter obeys the mere will of an angel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q110_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether bodies obey the angels as regards local motion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q110_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether angels can work miracles?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q111_A1','pFP_Q111_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q111_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q111.html">Question. 111 - THE ACTION OF THE ANGELS ON MAN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q111_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q111_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an angel can enlighten man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q111_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the angels can change the will of man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q111_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an angel can change man's imagination?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q111_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an angel can change the human senses?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q112_A1','pFP_Q112_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q112_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q112.html">Question. 112 - THE MISSION OF THE ANGELS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q112_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q112_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the angels are sent on works of ministry?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q112_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all the angels are sent in ministry?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q112_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all the angels who are sent, assist?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q112_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all the angels of the second hierarchy are sent?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q113_A1','pFP_Q113_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q113_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113.html">Question. 113 - OF THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE GOOD ANGELS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q113_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether men are guarded by the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether each man is guarded by an angel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether to guard men belongs only to the lowest order of angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether angels are appointed to the guardianship of all men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether an angel is appointed to guard a man from his birth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the angel guardian ever forsakes a man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether angels grieve for the ills of those whom they guard?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q113_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether there can be strife or discord among the angels? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q114_A1','pFP_Q114_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q114_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q114.html">Question. 114 - OF THE ASSAULTS OF THE DEMONS (FIVE ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q114_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q114_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether men are assailed by the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q114_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether to tempt is proper to the devil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q114_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all sins are due to the temptation of the devil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q114_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether demons can lead men astray by means of real miracles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q114_A5.html">Article. 4 - Whether a demon who is overcome by man, is for this reason hindered from making further assaults?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q115_A1','pFP_Q115_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q115_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q115.html">Question. 115 - OF THE ACTION OF THE CORPOREAL CREATURE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q115_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q115_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a body can be active?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q115_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are any seminal virtues in corporeal matter?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q115_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of what is produced in bodies here below?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q115_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the heavenly bodies are the cause of human actions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q115_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether heavenly bodies can act on the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q115_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether heavenly bodies impose necessity on things subject to their action?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q116_A1','pFP_Q116_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q116_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q116.html">Question. 116 - ON FATE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q116_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q116_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there be such a thing as fate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q116_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fate is in created things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q116_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether fate is unchangeable?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q116_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all things are subject to fate?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q117_A1','pFP_Q117_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q117_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q117.html">Question. 117 - OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE ACTION OF MAN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q117_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q117_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether one man can teach another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q117_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether man can teach the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q117_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether man by the power of his soul can change corporeal matter?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q117_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the separate human soul can move bodies at least locally?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q118_A1','pFP_Q118_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q118_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q118.html">Question. 118 - OF THE PRODUCTION OF MAN FROM MAN AS TO THE SOUL (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q118_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q118_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the sensitive soul is transmitted with the semen?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q118_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the intellectual soul is produced from the semen?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q118_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether human souls were created together at the beginning of the world?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFP_Q119_A1','pFP_Q119_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFP_Q119_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q119.html">Question. 119 - OF THE PROPAGATION OF MAN AS TO THE BODY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFP_Q119_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q119_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether some part of the food is changed into true human nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FP_Q119_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the semen is produced from surplus food?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS.i','pFS.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.html">First Part of the Second Part (FS) (QQ[1]-114)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS.i"> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS.i.i','pFS.i.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS.i.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.i.html">Treatise On The Last End (QQ[1]-5)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS.i.i"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.i.i.html">Prologue</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q1_A1','pFS_Q1_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q1_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1.html">Question. 1 - OF MAN'S LAST END (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q1_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it belongs to man to act for an end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is proper to the rational nature to act for an end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether human acts are specified by their end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there is one last end of human life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether one man can have several last ends?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether man will all, whatsoever he wills, for the last end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether all men have the same last end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q1_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether other creatures concur in that last end?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q2_A1','pFS_Q2_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q2_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2.html">Question. 2 - OF THOSE THINGS IN WHICH MAN'S HAPPINESS CONSISTS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q2_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether man's happiness consists in wealth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether man's happiness consists in honors?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether man's happiness consists in fame or glory?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether man's happiness consists in power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether man's happiness consists in any bodily good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether man's happiness consists in pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether some good of the soul constitutes man's happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q2_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether any created good constitutes man's happiness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q3_A1','pFS_Q3_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q3_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3.html">Question. 3 - WHAT IS HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q3_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether happiness is something uncreated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether happiness is an operation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether happiness is an operation of the sensitive part, or of the intellective part only?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether, if happiness is in the intellective part, it is an operation of the intellect or of the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether happiness is an operation of the speculative, or of the practical intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether happiness consists in the consideration of speculative sciences?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether happiness consists in the knowledge of separate substances, namely, angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q3_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether man's happiness consists in the vision of the divine essence?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q4_A1','pFS_Q4_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q4_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4.html">Question. 4 - OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q4_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether delight is required for happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in happiness vision ranks before delight?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether comprehension is necessary for happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether rectitude of the will is necessary for happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the body is necessary for man's happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether perfection of the body is necessary for happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether any external goods are necessary for happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q4_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the fellowship of friend is necessary for happiness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q5_A1','pFS_Q5_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q5_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5.html">Question. 5 - OF THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q5_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether man can attain happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether one man can be happier than another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one can be happy in this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether happiness once had can be lost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether man can attain happiness by his natural powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether man attains happiness through the action of some higher creature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether any good works are necessary that man may receive happiness from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q5_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether every man desires happiness?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q6','pFS_Q6')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q6" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.ii.html">TREATISE ON HUMAN ACTS: ACTS PECULIAR TO MAN (QQ[6]-21)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q6"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q6_A1','pFS_Q6_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q6_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6.html">Question. 6 - OF THE VOLUNTARY AND THE INVOLUNTARY (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q6_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is anything voluntary in human acts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there is anything voluntary in irrational animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there can be voluntariness without any act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether violence can be done to the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether violence causes involuntariness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether fear causes involuntariness simply?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether concupiscence causes involuntariness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q6_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether ignorance causes involuntariness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q7_A1','pFS_Q7_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q7_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q7.html">Question. 7 - OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF HUMAN ACTS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q7_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q7_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a circumstance is an accident of a human act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q7_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether theologians should take note of the circumstances of human acts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q7_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the circumstances are properly set forth in the third book of Ethics?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q7_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the most important circumstances are 'why' and 'in what the act consists'?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q8_A1','pFS_Q8_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q8_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q8.html">Question. 8 - OF THE WILL, IN REGARD TO WHAT IT WILLS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q8_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q8_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the will is of good only?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q8_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether volition is of the end only, or also of the means?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q8_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the will is moved by the same act to the end and to the means?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q9_A1','pFS_Q9_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q9_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q9.html">Question. 9 - OF THAT WHICH MOVES THE WILL (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q9_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q9_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the will is moved by the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q9_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the will is moved by the sensitive appetite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q9_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the will moves itself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q9_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the will is moved by an exterior principle?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q9_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the will is moved by a heavenly body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q9_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the will is moved by God alone, as exterior principle?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q10_A1','pFS_Q10_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q10_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q10.html">Question. 10 - OF THE MANNER IN WHICH THE WILL IS MOVED (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q10_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q10_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the will is moved to anything naturally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q10_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the will is moved, of necessity, by its object?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q10_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the will is moved, of necessity, by the lower appetite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q10_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the will is moved of necessity by the exterior mover which is God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q11_A1','pFS_Q11_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q11_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q11.html">Question. 11 - OF ENJOYMENT [*Or, Fruition], WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q11_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q11_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether to enjoy is an act of the appetitive power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q11_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether to enjoy belongs to the rational creature alone, or also to irrational animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q11_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether enjoyment is only of the last end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q11_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether enjoyment is only of the end possessed?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q12_A1','pFS_Q12_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q12_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q12.html">Question. 12 - OF INTENTION (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q12_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q12_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether intention is an act of the intellect or of the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q12_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether intention is only of the last end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q12_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one can intend two things at the same time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q12_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether intention of the end is the same act as the volition of the means?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q12_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether intention is within the competency of irrational animals?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q13_A1','pFS_Q13_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q13_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q13.html">Question. 13 - OF CHOICE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL WITH REGARD TO THE MEANS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q13_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q13_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether choice is an act of will or of reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q13_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether choice is to be found in irrational animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q13_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether choice is only of the means, or sometimes also of the end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q13_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether choice is of those things only that are done by us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q13_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether choice is only of possible things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q13_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether man chooses of necessity or freely?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q14_A1','pFS_Q14_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q14_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q14.html">Question. 14 - OF COUNSEL, WHICH PRECEDES CHOICE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q14_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q14_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether counsel is an inquiry?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q14_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether counsel is of the end, or only of the means?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q14_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether counsel is only of things that we do?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q14_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether counsel is about all things that we do?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q14_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the process of counsel is one of analysis?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q14_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the process of counsel is indefinite?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q15_A1','pFS_Q15_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q15_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q15.html">Question. 15 - OF CONSENT, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q15_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q15_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether consent is an act of the appetitive or of the apprehensive power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q15_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether consent is to be found in irrational animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q15_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether consent is directed to the end or to the means?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q15_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether consent to the act belongs only to the higher part of the soul?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q16_A1','pFS_Q16_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q16_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q16.html">Question. 16 - OF USE, WHICH IS AN ACT OF THE WILL IN REGARD TO THE MEANS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q16_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q16_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether use is an act of the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q16_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether use is to be found in irrational animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q16_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether use regards also the last end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q16_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether use precedes choice?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q17_A1','pFS_Q17_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q17_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17.html">Question. 17 - OF THE ACTS COMMANDED BY THE WILL (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q17_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether command is an act of the reason or of the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether command belongs to irrational animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether use precedes command?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether command and the commanded act are one act, or distinct?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the act of the will is commanded?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the act of the reason is commanded?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the act of the sensitive appetite is commanded?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the act of the vegetal soul is commanded?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q17_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the acts of the external members are commanded?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q18_A1','pFS_Q18_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q18_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18.html">Question. 18 - OF THE GOOD AND EVIL OF HUMAN ACTS, IN GENERAL (ELEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q18_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether every human action is good, or are there evil actions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the good or evil of a man's action is derived from its object?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether man's action is good or evil from a circumstance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a human action is good or evil from its end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a human action is good or evil in its species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether an action has the species of good or evil from its end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the species derived from the end is contained under the species derived from the object, as under its + genus, or conversely? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether any action is indifferent in its species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether an individual action can be indifferent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether a circumstance places a moral action in the species of good or evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q18_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether every circumstance that makes an action better or worse, places a moral action in a species of good + or evil? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q19_A1','pFS_Q19_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q19_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19.html">Question. 19 - OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF THE INTERIOR ACT OF THE WILL (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q19_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the goodness of the will depends on the object?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the goodness of the will depends on the object alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the goodness of the will depends on reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the goodness of the will depends on the eternal law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the will is evil when it is at variance with erring reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the will is good when it abides by erring reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the goodness of the will, as regards the means, depends on the intention of the end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the degree of goodness or malice in the will depends on the degree of good or evil in the intention?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the goodness of the will depends on its conformity to the Divine will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q19_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether it is necessary for the human will, in order to be good, to be conformed to the Divine will, as regards + the thing willed? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q20_A1','pFS_Q20_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q20_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q20.html">Question. 20 - OF GOODNESS AND MALICE IN EXTERNAL HUMAN AFFAIRS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q20_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q20_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether goodness or malice is first in the action of the will, or in the external action?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q20_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the whole goodness and malice of the external action depends on the goodness of the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q20_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the goodness and malice of the external action are the same as those of the interior act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q20_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the external action adds any goodness or malice to that of the interior act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q20_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the consequences of the external action increase its goodness or malice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q20_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether one and the same external action can be both good and evil?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q21_A1','pFS_Q21_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q21_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q21.html">Question. 21 - OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN ACTIONS BY REASON OF THEIR GOODNESS AND MALICE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q21_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q21_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a human action is right or sinful, in so far as it is good or evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q21_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a human action deserves praise or blame, by reason of its being good or evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q21_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a human action is meritorious or demeritorious in so far as it is good or evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q21_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a human action is meritorious or demeritorious before God, according as it is good or evil?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q22','pFS_Q22')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q22" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.iii.html">TREATISE ON THE PASSIONS (QQ[22]-48)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q22"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q22_A1','pFS_Q22_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q22_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q22.html">Question. 22 - OF THE SUBJECT OF THE SOUL'S PASSIONS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q22_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q22_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any passion is in the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q22_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether passion is in the appetitive rather than in the apprehensive part?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q22_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether passion is in the sensitive appetite rather than in the intellectual appetite, which is called the will?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q23_A1','pFS_Q23_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q23_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q23.html">Question. 23 - HOW THE PASSIONS DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q23_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q23_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the passions of the concupiscible part are different from those of the irascible part?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q23_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the contrariety of the irascible passions is based on the contrariety of good and evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q23_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any passion of the soul has no contrariety?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q23_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in the same power, there are any passions, specifically different, but not contrary to one another?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q24_A1','pFS_Q24_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q24_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q24.html">Question. 24 - OF GOOD AND EVIL IN THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q24_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q24_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether moral good and evil can be found in the passions of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q24_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether every passion of the soul is evil morally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q24_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether passion increases or decreases the goodness or malice of an act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q24_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether any passion is good or evil in its species?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q25_A1','pFS_Q25_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q25_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q25.html">Question. 25 - OF THE ORDER OF THE PASSIONS TO ONE ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q25_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q25_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the irascible passions precede the concupiscible passions, or vice versa?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q25_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether love is the first of the concupiscible passions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q25_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether hope is the first of the irascible passions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q25_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether these are the four principal passions: joy, sadness, hope and fear?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q26_A1','pFS_Q26_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q26_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q26.html">Question. 26 - OF THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL IN PARTICULAR: AND FIRST, OF LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q26_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q26_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether love is in the concupiscible power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q26_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether love is a passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q26_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether love is the same as dilection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q26_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether love is properly divided into love of friendship and love of concupiscence?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q27_A1','pFS_Q27_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q27_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q27.html">Question. 27 - OF THE CAUSE OF LOVE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q27_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q27_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether good is the only cause of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q27_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether knowledge is a cause of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q27_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether likeness is a cause of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q27_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether any other passion of the soul is a cause of love?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q28_A1','pFS_Q28_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q28_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q28.html">Question. 28 - OF THE EFFECTS OF LOVE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q28_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q28_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether union is an effect of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q28_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether mutual indwelling is an effect of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q28_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether ecstasy is an effect of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q28_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether zeal is an effect of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q28_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether love is a passion that wounds the lover?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q28_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether love is cause of all that the lover does?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q29_A1','pFS_Q29_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q29_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q29.html">Question. 29 - OF HATRED (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q29_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q29_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether evil is the cause and object of hatred?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q29_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether love is a cause of hatred?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q29_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether hatred is stronger than love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q29_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man can hate himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q29_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a man can hate the truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q29_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether anything can be an object of universal hatred?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q30_A1','pFS_Q30_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q30_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q30.html">Question. 30 - OF CONCUPISCENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q30_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q30_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether concupiscence is in the sensitive appetite only?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q30_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether concupiscence is a specific passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q30_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether some concupiscences are natural, and some not natural?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q30_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether concupiscence is infinite?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q31_A1','pFS_Q31_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q31_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31.html">Question. 31 - OF DELIGHT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF [*Or, Pleasure] (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q31_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether delight is a passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether delight is in time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether delight differs from joy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether delight is in the intellectual appetite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether bodily and sensible pleasures are greater than spiritual and intellectual pleasures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the pleasures of touch are greater than the pleasures afforded by the other senses?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether any pleasure is not natural?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q31_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether one pleasure can be contrary to another?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q32_A1','pFS_Q32_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q32_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32.html">Question. 32 - OF THE CAUSE OF PLEASURE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q32_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether operation is the proper cause of pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether movement is a cause of pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether hope and memory causes pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sadness causes pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the actions of others are a cause of pleasure to us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether doing good to another is a cause of pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether likeness is a cause of pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q32_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether wonder is a cause of pleasure?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q33_A1','pFS_Q33_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q33_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q33.html">Question. 33 - OF THE EFFECTS OF PLEASURE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q33_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q33_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether expansion is an effect of pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q33_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether pleasure causes thirst or desire for itself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q33_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether pleasure hinders the use of reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q33_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether pleasure perfects operation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q34_A1','pFS_Q34_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q34_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q34.html">Question. 34 - OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF PLEASURES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q34_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q34_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether every pleasure is evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q34_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether every pleasure is good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q34_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any pleasure is the greatest good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q34_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether pleasure is the measure or rule by which to judge of moral good or evil?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q35_A1','pFS_Q35_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q35_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35.html">Question. 35 - OF PAIN OR SORROW, IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q35_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether pain is a passion of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sorrow is the same as pain?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sorrow or pain is contrary to pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all sorrow is contrary to all pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there is any sorrow contrary to the pleasure of contemplation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether sorrow is to be shunned more than pleasure is to be sought?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether outward pain is greater than interior sorrow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q35_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether there are only four species of sorrow?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q36_A1','pFS_Q36_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q36_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q36.html">Question. 36 - OF THE CAUSES OF SORROW OR PAIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q36_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q36_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sorrow is caused by the loss of good or by the presence of evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q36_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether desire is a cause of sorrow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q36_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the craving for unity is a cause of sorrow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q36_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an irresistible power is a cause of sorrow?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q37_A1','pFS_Q37_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q37_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q37.html">Question. 37 - OF THE EFFECTS OF PAIN OR SORROW (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q37_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q37_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether pain deprives one of the power to learn?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q37_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the effect of sorrow or pain is to burden the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q37_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sorrow or pain weakens all activity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q37_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sorrow is more harmful to the body than the other passions of the soul?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q38_A1','pFS_Q38_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q38_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q38.html">Question. 38 - OF THE REMEDIES OF SORROW OR PAIN (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q38_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q38_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether pain or sorrow is assuaged by every pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q38_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether pain or sorrow is assuaged by tears?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q38_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether pain or sorrow are assuaged by the sympathy of friends?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q38_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether pain and sorrow are assuaged by the contemplation of truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q38_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether pain and sorrow are assuaged by sleep and baths?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q39_A1','pFS_Q39_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q39_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q39.html">Question. 39 - OF THE GOODNESS AND MALICE OF SORROW OR PAIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q39_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q39_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all sorrow is evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q39_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sorrow can be a virtuous good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q39_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sorrow can be a useful good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q39_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether bodily pain is the greatest evil?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q40_A1','pFS_Q40_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q40_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40.html">Question. 40 - OF THE IRASCIBLE PASSIONS, AND FIRST, OF HOPE AND DESPAIR (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q40_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether hope is the same as desire of cupidity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether hope is in the apprehensive or in the appetitive power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether hope is in dumb animals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether despair is contrary to hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether experience is a cause of hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether hope abounds in young men and drunkards?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether hope is a cause of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q40_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether hope is a help or a hindrance to action?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q41_A1','pFS_Q41_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q41_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q41.html">Question. 41 - OF FEAR, IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q41_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q41_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fear is a passion of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q41_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fear is a special passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q41_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is a natural fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q41_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the species of fear is suitably assigned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q42_A1','pFS_Q42_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q42_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q42.html">Question. 42 - OF THE OBJECT OF FEAR (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q42_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q42_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the object of fear is good or evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q42_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether evil of nature is an object of fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q42_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the evil of sin is an object of fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q42_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether fear itself can be feared?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q42_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether sudden things are especially feared?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q42_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether those things are more feared, for which there is no remedy?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q43_A1','pFS_Q43_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q43_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q43.html">Question. 43 - OF THE CAUSE OF FEAR (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q43_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q43_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether love is the cause of fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q43_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether defect is the cause of fear?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q44_A1','pFS_Q44_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q44_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q44.html">Question. 44 - OF THE EFFECTS OF FEAR (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q44_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q44_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fear causes contraction?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q44_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fear makes one suitable for counsel? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q44_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether fear makes one tremble?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q44_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether fear hinders action?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q45_A1','pFS_Q45_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q45_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q45.html">Question. 45 - OF DARING (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q45_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q45_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether daring is contrary to fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q45_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether daring ensues from hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q45_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether some defect is a cause of daring?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q45_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the brave are more eager at first than in the midst of danger?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q46_A1','pFS_Q46_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q46_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46.html">Question. 46 - OF ANGER, IN ITSELF (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q46_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether anger is a special passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the object of anger is good or evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether anger is in the concupiscible faculty?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether anger requires an act of reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether anger is more natural than desire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether anger is more grievous than hatred?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether anger is only towards those to whom one has an obligation of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q46_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the species of anger are suitably assigned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q47_A1','pFS_Q47_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q47_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q47.html">Question. 47 - OF THE CAUSE THAT PROVOKES ANGER, AND OF THE REMEDIES OF ANGER (FOUR ARTICLES) [*There is no further mention + of these remedies in the text, except in A[4].] + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q47_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q47_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the motive of anger is always something done against the one who is angry?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q47_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the sole motive of anger is slight or contempt?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q47_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man's excellence is the cause of his being angry?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q47_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a person's defect is a reason for being more easily angry with him?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q48_A1','pFS_Q48_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q48_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q48.html">Question. 48 - OF THE EFFECTS OF ANGER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q48_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q48_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether anger causes pleasure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q48_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether anger above all causes fervor in the heart?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q48_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether anger above all hinders the use of reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q48_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether anger above all causes taciturnity?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q49','pFS_Q49')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q49" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.iv.html">TREATISE ON HABITS (QQ[49]-54)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q49"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q49_A1','pFS_Q49_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q49_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q49.html">Question. 49 - OF HABITS IN GENERAL, AS TO THEIR SUBSTANCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q49_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q49_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether habit is a quality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q49_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether habit is a distinct species of quality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q49_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether habit implies order to an act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q49_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether habits are necessary?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q50_A1','pFS_Q50_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q50_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q50.html">Question. 50 - OF THE SUBJECT OF HABITS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q50_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q50_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is a habit in the body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q50_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the soul is the subject of habit in respect of its essence or in respect of its power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q50_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there can be any habits in the powers of the sensitive parts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q50_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there is any habit in the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q50_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether any habit is in the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q50_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there are habits in the angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q51_A1','pFS_Q51_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q51_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q51.html">Question. 51 - OF THE CAUSE OF HABITS, AS TO THEIR FORMATION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q51_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q51_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any habit is from nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q51_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether any habit is caused by acts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q51_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a habit can be caused by one act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q51_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether any habits are infused in man by God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q52_A1','pFS_Q52_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q52_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q52.html">Question. 52 - OF THE INCREASE OF HABITS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q52_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q52_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether habits increase?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q52_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether habits increases by addition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q52_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether every act increases its habit?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q53_A1','pFS_Q53_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q53_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q53.html">Question. 53 - HOW HABITS ARE CORRUPTED OR DIMINISHED (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q53_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q53_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a habit can be corrupted?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q53_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a habit can diminish?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q53_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a habit is corrupted or diminished through mere cessation from act?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q54_A1','pFS_Q54_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q54_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q54.html">Question. 54 - OF THE DISTINCTION OF HABITS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q54_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q54_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether many habits can be in one power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q54_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether habits are distinguished by their objects?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q54_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether habits are divided into good and bad?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q54_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether one habit is made up of many habits?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q55','pFS_Q55')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q55" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.v.html">TREATISE ON HABITS IN PARTICULAR (QQ[55]-89) GOOD HABITS, i.e. VIRTUES (QQ[55]-70)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q55"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q55_A1','pFS_Q55_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q55_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q55.html">Question. 55 - OF THE VIRTUES, AS TO THEIR ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q55_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q55_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether human virtue is a habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q55_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether human virtue is an operative habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q55_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether human virtue is a good habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q55_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether virtue is suitably defined?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q56_A1','pFS_Q56_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q56_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q56.html">Question. 56 - OF THE SUBJECT OF VIRTUE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q56_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q56_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the subject of virtue is a power of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q56_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether one virtue can be in several powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q56_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the intellect can be the subject of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q56_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the irascible and concupiscible powers are the subject of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q56_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the sensitive powers of apprehension are the subject of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q56_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the will can be the subject of virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q57_A1','pFS_Q57_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q57_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q57.html">Question. 57 - OF THE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q57_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q57_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the habits of the speculative intellect are virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q57_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are only three habits of the speculative intellect, viz. wisdom, science and understanding?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q57_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the intellectual habit, art, is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q57_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether prudence is a distinct virtue from art?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q57_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether prudence is a virtue necessary to man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q57_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether 'eubulia, synesis, and gnome' are virtues annexed to prudence? [*{euboulia, synesis, gnome}]</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q58_A1','pFS_Q58_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q58_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q58.html">Question. 58 - OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q58_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q58_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether every virtue is a moral virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q58_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether moral virtue differs from intellectual virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q58_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether virtue is adequately divided into moral and intellectual?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q58_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there can be moral without intellectual virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q58_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there can be intellectual without moral virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q59_A1','pFS_Q59_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q59_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q59.html">Question. 59 - OF MORAL VIRTUE IN RELATION TO THE PASSIONS (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q59_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q59_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether moral virtue is a passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q59_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there can be moral virtue with passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q59_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sorrow is compatible with moral virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q59_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all the moral virtues are about the passions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q59_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there can be moral virtue without passion?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q60_A1','pFS_Q60_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q60_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q60.html">Question. 60 - HOW THE MORAL VIRTUES DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q60_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q60_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is only one moral virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q60_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether moral virtues about operations are different from those that are about passions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q60_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is only one moral virtue about operations?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q60_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there are different moral virtues about different passions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q60_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the moral virtues differ in point of the various objects of the passions?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q61_A1','pFS_Q61_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q61_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q61.html">Question. 61 - OF THE CARDINAL VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q61_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q61_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the moral virtues should be called cardinal or principal virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q61_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are four cardinal virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q61_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any other virtues should be called principal rather than these?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q61_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the four cardinal virtues differ from one another? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q61_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the cardinal virtues are fittingly divided into social virtues, perfecting, perfect, and exemplar virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q62_A1','pFS_Q62_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q62_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q62.html">Question. 62 - OF THE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q62_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q62_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are any theological virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q62_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the theological virtues are distinct from the intellectual and moral virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q62_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether faith, hope, and charity are fittingly reckoned as theological virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q62_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether faith precedes hope, and hope charity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q63_A1','pFS_Q63_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q63_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q63.html">Question. 63 - OF THE CAUSE OF VIRTUES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q63_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q63_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether virtue is in us by nature? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q63_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether any virtue is caused in us by habituation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q63_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any moral virtues are in us by infusion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q63_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether virtue by habituation belongs to the same species as infused virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q64_A1','pFS_Q64_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q64_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q64.html">Question. 64 - OF THE MEAN OF VIRTUE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q64_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q64_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether moral virtues observe the mean?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q64_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the mean of moral virtue is the real mean, or the rational mean?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q64_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the intellectual virtues observe the mean?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q64_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the theological virtues observe the mean?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q65_A1','pFS_Q65_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q65_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q65.html">Question. 65 - OF THE CONNECTION OF VIRTUES (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q65_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q65_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the moral virtues are connected with one another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q65_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether moral virtues can be without charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q65_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether charity can be without moral virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q65_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether faith and hope can be without charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q65_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether charity can be without faith and hope?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q66_A1','pFS_Q66_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q66_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q66.html">Question. 66 - OF EQUALITY AMONG THE VIRTUES (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q66_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q66_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether one virtue can be greater or less than another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q66_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all the virtues that are together in one man, are equal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q66_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the moral virtues are better than the intellectual virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q66_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether justice is the chief of the moral virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q66_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether wisdom is the greatest of the intellectual virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q66_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether charity is the greatest of the theological virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q67_A1','pFS_Q67_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q67_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q67.html">Question. 67 - OF THE DURATION OF VIRTUES AFTER THIS LIFE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q67_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q67_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the moral virtues remain after this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q67_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the intellectual virtues remain after this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q67_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether faith remains after this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q67_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether hope remains after death, in the state of glory?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q67_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether anything of faith or hope remains in glory?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q67_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether charity remains after this life, in glory?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q68_A1','pFS_Q68_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q68_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68.html">Question. 68 - OF THE GIFTS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q68_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Gifts differ from the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the gifts are necessary to man for salvation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost are habits?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost are suitably enumerated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost are connected?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the gifts of the Holy Ghost remain in heaven?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the gifts are set down by Isaias in their order of dignity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q68_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the virtues are more excellent than the gifts?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q69_A1','pFS_Q69_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q69_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q69.html">Question. 69 - OF THE BEATITUDES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q69_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q69_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the beatitudes differ from the virtues and gifts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q69_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the rewards assigned to the beatitudes refer to this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q69_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the beatitudes are suitably enumerated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q69_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the rewards of the beatitudes are suitably enumerated?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q70_A1','pFS_Q70_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q70_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q70.html">Question. 70 - OF THE FRUITS OF THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q70_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q70_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the fruits of the Holy Ghost which the Apostle enumerates (Gal. 5) are acts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q70_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the fruits differ from the beatitudes?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q70_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the fruits are suitably enumerated by the Apostle?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q70_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the fruits of the Holy Ghost are contrary to the works of the flesh?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q71_A1','pFS_Q71_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q71_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q71.html">Question. 71 - EVIL HABITS, i.e. VICES AND SINS (QQ[71]-89)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q71_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q71_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether vice is contrary to virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q71_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether vice is contrary to nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q71_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether vice is worse than a vicious act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q71_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sin is compatible with virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q71_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether every sin includes an action?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q71_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether sin is fittingly defined as a word, deed, or desire contrary to the eternal law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q72_A1','pFS_Q72_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q72_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72.html">Question. 72 - OF THE DISTINCTION OF SINS (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q72_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sins differ in species according to their objects?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether spiritual sins are fittingly distinguished from carnal sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sins differ specifically in reference to their causes?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sin is fittingly divided into sin against God, against oneself, and against one's neighbor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the division of sins according to their debt of punishment diversifies their species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether sins of commission and omission differ specifically?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether sins are fittingly divided into sins of thought, word, and deed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether excess and deficiency diversify the species of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q72_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether sins differ specifically in respect of different circumstances?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q73_A1','pFS_Q73_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q73_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73.html">Question. 73 - OF THE COMPARISON OF ONE SIN WITH ANOTHER (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q73_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all sins are connected with one another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all sins are equal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the gravity of sins varies according to their objects?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the gravity of sins depends on the excellence of the virtues to which they are opposed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether carnal sins are of less guilt than spiritual sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the gravity of a sin depends on its cause?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether a circumstance aggravates a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether sin is aggravated by reason of its causing more harm?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether a sin is aggravated by reason of the condition of the person against whom it is committed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q73_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the excellence of the person sinning aggravates the sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q74_A1','pFS_Q74_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q74_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74.html">Question. 74 - OF THE SUBJECT OF SIN (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q74_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the will is a subject of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the will alone is the subject of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there can be sin in the sensuality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether mortal sin can be in the sensuality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether sin can be in the reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the sin of morose delectation is in the reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the sin of consent to the act is in the higher reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether consent to delectation is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether there can be venial sin in the higher reason as directing the lower powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q74_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether venial sin can be in the higher reason as such?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q75_A1','pFS_Q75_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q75_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q75.html">Question. 75 - OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q75_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q75_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sin has a cause?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q75_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sin has an internal cause?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q75_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sin has an external cause?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q75_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether one sin is a cause of another?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q76_A1','pFS_Q76_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q76_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q76.html">Question. 76 - OF THE CAUSES OF SIN, IN PARTICULAR (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q76_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q76_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether ignorance can be a cause of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q76_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether ignorance is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q76_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether ignorance excuses from sin altogether?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q76_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether ignorance diminishes a sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q77_A1','pFS_Q77_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q77_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77.html">Question. 77 - OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF THE SENSITIVE APPETITE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q77_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the will is moved by a passion of the senstive appetite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the reason can be overcome by a passion, against its knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a sin committed through passion, should be called a sin of weakness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether self-love is the source of every sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether concupiscence of the flesh, concupiscence of the eyes, and pride of life are fittingly described as + causes of sin? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether sin is alleviated on account of a passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether passion excuses from sin altogether?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q77_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether a sin committed through passion can be mortal?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q78_A1','pFS_Q78_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q78_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q78.html">Question. 78 - OF THAT CAUSE OF SIN WHICH IS MALICE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q78_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q78_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether anyone sins through certain malice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q78_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether everyone that sins through habit, sins through certain malice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q78_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one who sins through certain malice, sins through habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q78_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is more grievous to sin through certain malice than through passion?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q79_A1','pFS_Q79_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q79_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q79.html">Question. 79 - OF THE EXTERNAL CAUSES OF SIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q79_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q79_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God is a cause of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q79_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the act of sin is from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q79_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God is the cause of spiritual blindness and hardness of heart?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q79_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether blindness and hardness of heart are directed to the salvation of those who are blinded and hardened?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q80_A1','pFS_Q80_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q80_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q80.html">Question. 80 - OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, AS REGARDS THE DEVIL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q80_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q80_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the devil is directly the cause of man's sinning?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q80_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the devil can induce man to sin, by internal instigations?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q80_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the devil can induce man to sin of necessity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q80_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all the sins of men are due to the devil's suggestion?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q81_A1','pFS_Q81_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q81_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q81.html">Question. 81 - OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, ON THE PART OF MAN (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q81_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q81_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the first sin of our first parent is contracted by his descendants, by way of origin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q81_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether also other sins of the first parent or of nearer ancestors are transmitted to their descendants?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q81_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the sin of the first parent is transmitted, by the way of origin, to all men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q81_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether original sin would be contracted by a person formed miraculously from human flesh?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q81_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether if Eve, and not Adam, had sinned, their children would have contracted original sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q82_A1','pFS_Q82_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q82_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q82.html">Question. 82 - OF ORIGINAL SIN, AS TO ITS ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q82_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q82_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether original sin is a habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q82_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are several original sins in one man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q82_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether original sin is concupiscence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q82_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether original sin is equally in all?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q83_A1','pFS_Q83_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q83_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q83.html">Question. 83 - OF THE SUBJECT OF ORIGINAL SIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q83_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q83_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether original sin is more in the flesh than in the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q83_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether original sin is in the essence of the soul rather than in the powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q83_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether original sin infects the will before the other powers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q83_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the aforesaid powers are more infected than the others?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q84_A1','pFS_Q84_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q84_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q84.html">Question. 84 - OF THE CAUSE OF SIN, IN RESPECT OF ONE SIN BEING THE CAUSE OF ANOTHER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q84_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q84_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether covetousness is the root of all sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q84_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether pride is the beginning of every sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q84_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any other special sins, besides pride and avarice, should be called capital?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q84_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the seven capital vices are suitably reckoned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q85_A1','pFS_Q85_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q85_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q85.html">Question. 85 - OF THE EFFECTS OF SIN, AND, FIRST, OF THE CORRUPTION OF THE GOOD OF NATURE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q85_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q85_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sin diminishes the good of nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q85_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the entire good of human nature can be destroyed by sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q85_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether weakness, ignorance, malice and concupiscence are suitably reckoned as the wounds of nature consequent + upon sin? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q85_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether privation of mode, species and order is the effect of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q85_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether death and other bodily defects are the result of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q85_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether death and other defects are natural to man?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q86_A1','pFS_Q86_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q86_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q86.html">Question. 86 - OF THE STAIN OF SIN (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q86_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q86_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sin causes a stain on the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q86_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the stain remains in the soul after the act of sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q87_A1','pFS_Q87_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q87_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87.html">Question. 87 - OF THE DEBT OF PUNISHMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q87_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the debt of punishment is an effect of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sin can be the punishment of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether any sin incurs a debt of eternal punishment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sin incurs a debt of punishment infinite in quantity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether every sin incurs a debt of eternal punishment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the debt of punishment remains after sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether every punishment is inflicted for a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q87_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether anyone is punished for another's sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q88_A1','pFS_Q88_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q88_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q88.html">Question. 88 - OF VENIAL AND MORTAL SIN (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q88_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q88_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether venial sin is fittingly condivided with mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q88_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether mortal and venial sin differ generically?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q88_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether venial sin is a disposition to mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q88_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a venial sin can become mortal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q88_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a circumstance can make a venial sin to be mortal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q88_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether a mortal sin can become venial?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q89_A1','pFS_Q89_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q89_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q89.html">Question. 89 - OF VENIAL SIN IN ITSELF (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q89_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q89_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether venial sin causes a stain on the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q89_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether venial sins are suitably designated as 'wood, hay, and stubble'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q89_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether man could commit a venial sin in the state of innocence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q89_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a good or a wicked angel can sin venially?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q89_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the first movements of the sensuality in unbelievers are mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q89_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether venial sin can be in anyone with original sin alone?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q90','pFS_Q90')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q90" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.vi.html">TREATISE ON LAW (QQ 90-108)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q90"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q90_A1','pFS_Q90_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q90_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q90.html">Question. 90 - OF THE ESSENCE OF LAW (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q90_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q90_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether law is something pertaining to reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q90_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the law is always something directed to the common good? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q90_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the reason of any man is competent to make laws?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q90_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether promulgation is essential to a law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q91_A1','pFS_Q91_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q91_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q91.html">Question. 91 - OF THE VARIOUS KINDS OF LAW (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q91_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q91_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is an eternal law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q91_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there is in us a natural law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q91_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is a human law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q91_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there was any need for a Divine law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q91_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there is but one Divine law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q91_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there is a law in the fomes of sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q92_A1','pFS_Q92_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q92_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q92.html">Question. 92 - OF THE EFFECTS OF LAW (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q92_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q92_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an effect of law is to make men good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q92_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the acts of law are suitably assigned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q93_A1','pFS_Q93_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q93_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q93.html">Question. 93 - OF THE ETERNAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q93_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q93_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the eternal law is a sovereign type [*Ratio] existing in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q93_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the eternal law is known to all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q93_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether every law is derived from the eternal law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q93_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether necessary and eternal things are subject to the eternal law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q93_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether natural contingents are subject to the eternal law? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q93_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether all human affairs are subject to the eternal law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q94_A1','pFS_Q94_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q94_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q94.html">Question. 94 - OF THE NATURAL LAW (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q94_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q94_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the natural law is a habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q94_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the natural law contains several precepts, or only one?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q94_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all acts of virtue are prescribed by the natural law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q94_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the natural law is the same in all men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q94_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the natural law can be changed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q94_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the law of nature can be abolished from the heart of man?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q95_A1','pFS_Q95_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q95_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q95.html">Question. 95 - OF HUMAN LAW (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q95_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q95_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was useful for laws to be framed by men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q95_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether every human law is derived from the natural law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q95_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Isidore's description of the quality of positive law is appropriate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q95_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Isidore's division of human laws is appropriate?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q96_A1','pFS_Q96_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q96_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q96.html">Question. 96 - OF THE POWER OF HUMAN LAW (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q96_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q96_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether human law should be framed for the community rather than for the individual?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q96_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it belongs to the human law to repress all vices?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q96_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether human law prescribes acts of all the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q96_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether human law binds a man in conscience?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q96_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether all are subject to the law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q96_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether he who is under a law may act beside the letter of the law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q97_A1','pFS_Q97_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q97_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q97.html">Question. 97 - OF CHANGE IN LAWS (FOUR ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q97_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q97_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether human law should be changed in any way?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q97_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether human law should always be changed, whenever something better occurs?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q97_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether custom can obtain force of law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q97_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the rulers of the people can dispense from human laws?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q98_A1','pFS_Q98_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q98_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q98.html">Question. 98 - OF THE OLD LAW (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q98_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q98_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Old Law was good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q98_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Old Law was from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q98_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Old Law was given through the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q98_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Old Law should have been given to the Jews alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q98_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether all men were bound to observe the Old Law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q98_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the Old Law was suitably given at the time of Moses?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q99_A1','pFS_Q99_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q99_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q99.html">Question. 99 - OF THE PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q99_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q99_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Old Law contains only one precept?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q99_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Old Law contains moral precepts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q99_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Old Law comprises ceremonial, besides moral, precepts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q99_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether, besides the moral and ceremonial precepts, there are also judicial precepts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q99_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the Old Law contains any others besides the moral, judicial, and ceremonial precepts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q99_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the Old Law should have induced men to the observance of its precepts, by means of temporal promises + and threats? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q100_A1','pFS_Q100_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q100_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100.html">Question. 100 - OF THE MORAL PRECEPTS OF THE OLD LAW (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q100_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all the moral precepts of the Old Law belong to the law of nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the moral precepts of the Law are about all the acts of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all the moral precepts of the Old Law are reducible to the ten precepts of the decalogue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably distinguished from one another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably set forth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the ten precepts of the decalogue are set in proper order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the precepts of the decalogue are suitably formulated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the precepts of the decalogue are dispensable?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the mode of virtue falls under the precept of the law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the mode of charity falls under the precept of the Divine law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether it is right to distinguish other moral precepts of the law besides the decalogue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q100_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the moral precepts of the Old Law justified man?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q101_A1','pFS_Q101_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q101_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q101.html">Question. 101 - OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS IN THEMSELVES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q101_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q101_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the nature of the ceremonial precepts consists in their pertaining to the worship of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q101_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the ceremonial precepts are figurative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q101_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there should have been man ceremonial precepts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q101_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the ceremonies of the Old Law are suitably divided into sacrifices, sacred things, sacraments, and observances?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q102_A1','pFS_Q102_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q102_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q102.html">Question. 102 - OF THE CAUSES OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q102_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q102_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there was any cause for the ceremonial precepts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q102_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the ceremonial precepts have a literal cause or merely a figurative cause?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q102_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a suitable cause can be assigned for the ceremonies which pertained to sacrifices?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q102_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sufficient reason can be assigned for the ceremonies pertaining to holy things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q102_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there can be any suitable cause for the sacraments of the Old Law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q102_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there was any reasonable cause for the ceremonial observances?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q103_A1','pFS_Q103_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q103_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q103.html">Question. 103 - OF THE DURATION OF THE CEREMONIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q103_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q103_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the ceremonies of the Law were in existence before the Law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q103_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether, at the time of the Law, the ceremonies of the Old Law had any power of justification?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q103_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the ceremonies of the Old Law ceased at the coming of Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q103_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether since Christ's Passion the legal ceremonies can be observed without committing mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q104_A1','pFS_Q104_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q104_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q104.html">Question. 104 - OF THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q104_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q104_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the judicial precepts were those which directed man in relation to his neighbor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q104_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the judicial precepts were figurative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q104_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the judicial precepts of the Old Law bind for ever?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q104_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is possible to assign a distinct division of the judicial precepts?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q105_A1','pFS_Q105_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q105_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q105.html">Question. 105 - OF THE REASON FOR THE JUDICIAL PRECEPTS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q105_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q105_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Old Law enjoined fitting precepts concerning rulers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q105_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the judicial precepts were suitably framed as to the relations of one man with another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q105_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the judicial precepts regarding foreigners were framed in a suitable manner?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q105_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Old Law set forth suitable precepts about the members of the household?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q106_A1','pFS_Q106_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q106_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q106.html">Question. 106 - OF THE LAW OF THE GOSPEL, CALLED THE NEW LAW, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q106_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q106_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the New Law is a written law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q106_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the New Law justifies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q106_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the New Law should have been given from the beginning of the world?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q106_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the New Law will last till the end of the world?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q107_A1','pFS_Q107_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q107_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q107.html">Question. 107 - OF THE NEW LAW AS COMPARED WITH THE OLD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q107_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q107_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the New Law is distinct from the Old Law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q107_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the New Law fulfils the Old?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q107_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the New Law is contained in the Old?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q107_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the New Law is more burdensome than the Old?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q108_A1','pFS_Q108_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q108_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q108.html">Question. 108 - OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE CONTAINED IN THE NEW LAW (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q108_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q108_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the New Law ought to prescribe or prohibit any external acts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q108_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the New Law made sufficient ordinations about external acts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q108_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the New Law directed man sufficiently as regards interior actions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q108_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether certain definite counsels are fittingly proposed in the New Law?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q109','pFS_Q109')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q109" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS.vii.html">TREATISE ON GRACE (QQ[109]-114)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q109"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q109_A1','pFS_Q109_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q109_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109.html">Question. 109 - OF THE NECESSITY OF GRACE (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q109_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether without grace man can know any truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether man can wish or do any good without grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether by his own natural powers and without grace man can love God above all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether man without grace and by his own natural powers can fulfil the commandments of the Law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether man can merit everlasting life without grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether a man, by himself and without the external aid of grace, can prepare himself for grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether man can rise from sin without the help of grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether man without grace can avoid sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether one who has already obtained grace, can, of himself and without further help of grace, do good and avoid + sin? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q109_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether man possessed of grace needs the help of grace in order to persevere?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q110_A1','pFS_Q110_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q110_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q110.html">Question. 110 - OF THE GRACE OF GOD AS REGARDS ITS ESSENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q110_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q110_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether grace implies anything in the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q110_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether grace is a quality of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q110_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether grace is the same as virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q110_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether grace is in the essence of the soul as in a subject, or in one of the powers?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q111_A1','pFS_Q111_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q111_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q111.html">Question. 111 - OF THE DIVISION OF GRACE (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q111_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q111_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether grace is fittingly divided into sanctifying grace and gratuitous grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q111_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether grace is fittingly divided into operating and cooperating grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q111_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether grace is fittingly divided into prevenient and subsequent grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q111_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether gratuitous grace is rightly divided by the Apostle?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q111_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether gratuitous grace is nobler than sanctifying grace?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q112_A1','pFS_Q112_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q112_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q112.html">Question. 112 - OF THE CAUSE OF GRACE (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q112_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q112_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God alone is the cause of grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q112_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether any preparation and disposition for grace is required on man's part?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q112_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether grace is necessarily given to whoever prepares himself for it, or to whoever does what he can?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q112_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether grace is greater in one than in another? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q112_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether man can know that he has grace?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q113_A1','pFS_Q113_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q113_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113.html">Question. 113 - OF THE EFFECTS OF GRACE (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q113_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the justification of the ungodly is the remission of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the infusion of grace is required for the remission of guilt, i.e. for the justification of the ungodly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether for the justification of the ungodly is required a movement of the free-will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a movement of faith is required for the justification of the ungodly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether for the justification of the ungodly there is required a movement of the free-will towards sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the remission of sins ought to be reckoned amongst the things required for justification?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the justification of the ungodly takes place in an instant or successively?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the infusion of grace is naturally the first of the things required for the justification of the ungodly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the justification of the ungodly is God's greatest work?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q113_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the justification of the ungodly is a miraculous work?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dFS_Q114_A1','pFS_Q114_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pFS_Q114_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114.html">Question. 114 - OF MERIT (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dFS_Q114_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a man may merit anything from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether anyone without grace can merit eternal life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man in grace can merit eternal life condignly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether grace is the principle of merit through charity rather than the other virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a man may merit for himself the first grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether a man can merit the first grace for another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether a man may merit restoration after a fall?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether a man may merit the increase of grace or charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether a man may merit perseverance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.FS_Q114_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether temporal goods fall under merit?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS.i','pSS.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS.html">Second Part of the Second Part (SS) (QQ[1] - 189)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS.i"> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q1','pSS_Q1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS.i.html">Treatise on The Theological Virtues (QQ[1] - 46)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q1"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q1_A1','pSS_Q1_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q1_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1.html">Question. 1 - Of Faith (Ten Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q1_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the object of faith is the First Truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the object of faith is something complex, by way of a proposition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether anything false can come under faith? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the object of faith can be something seen?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether those things that are of faith can be an object of science [*Science is certain knowledge of a demonstrated + conclusion through its demonstration]? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether those things that are of faith should be divided into certain articles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the articles of faith have increased in course of time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the articles of faith are suitably formulated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether it is suitable for the articles of faith to be embodied in a symbol?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q1_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether it belongs to the Sovereign Pontiff to draw up a symbol of faith?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q2_A1','pSS_Q2_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q2_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2.html">Question. 2 - OF THE ACT OF FAITH (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q2_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether to believe is to think with assent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the act of faith is suitably distinguished as believing God, believing in a God and believing in God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe anything above the natural reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is necessary to believe those things which can be proved by natural reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether man is bound to believe anything explicitly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether all are equally bound to have explicit faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it is necessary for the salvation of all, that they should believe explicitly in the mystery of Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it is necessary for salvation to believe explicitly in the Trinity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether to believe is meritorious?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q2_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether reasons in support of what we believe lessen the merit of faith?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q3_A1','pSS_Q3_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q3_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q3.html">Question. 3 - OF THE OUTWARD ACT OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q3_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q3_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether confession is an act of faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q3_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether confession of faith is necessary for salvation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q4_A1','pSS_Q4_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q4_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4.html">Question. 4 - OF THE VIRTUE ITSELF OF FAITH (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q4_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether this is a fitting definition of faith: 'Faith is the substance of things to be hoped for, the evidence + of things that appear not?' + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether faith resides in the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether charity is the form of faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether lifeless faith can become living, or living faith, lifeless?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether faith is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether faith is one virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether faith is the first of the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q4_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether faith is more certain than science and the other intellectual virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q5_A1','pSS_Q5_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q5_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q5.html">Question. 5 - OF THOSE WHO HAVE FAITH (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q5_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q5_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there was faith in the angels, or in man, in their original state?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q5_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the demons there is faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q5_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man who disbelieves one article of faith, can have lifeless faith in the other articles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q5_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether faith can be greater in one man than in another?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q6_A1','pSS_Q6_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q6_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q6.html">Question. 6 - OF THE CAUSE OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q6_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q6_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether faith is infused into man by God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q6_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether lifeless faith is a gift of God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q7_A1','pSS_Q7_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q7_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q7.html">Question. 7 - OF THE EFFECTS OF FAITH (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q7_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q7_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fear is an effect of faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q7_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether faith has the effect of purifying the heart?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q8_A1','pSS_Q8_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q8_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8.html">Question. 8 - OF THE GIFT OF UNDERSTANDING (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q8_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether understanding is a gift of the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the gift of understanding is compatible with faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the gift of understanding is merely speculative or also practical?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the gift of understanding is in all who are in a state of grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the gift of understanding is found also in those who have not sanctifying grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the gift of understanding is distinct from the other gifts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the sixth beatitude, 'Blessed are the clean of heart,' etc., responds to the gift of understanding?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q8_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether faith, among the fruits, responds to the gift of understanding?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q9_A1','pSS_Q9_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q9_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q9.html">Question. 9 - OF THE GIFT OF KNOWLEDGE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q9_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q9_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether knowledge is a gift?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q9_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the gift of knowledge is about Divine things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q9_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the gift of knowledge is practical knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q9_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the third beatitude, 'Blessed are they that mourn,' etc. corresponds to the gift of knowledge?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q10_A1','pSS_Q10_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q10_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10.html">Question. 10 - OF UNBELIEF IN GENERAL (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q10_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether unbelief is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether unbelief is in the intellect as its subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether unbelief is the greatest of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether every act of an unbeliever is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there are several species of unbelief?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the unbelief of pagans or heathens is graver than other kinds?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether one ought to dispute with unbelievers in public?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether unbelievers ought to be compelled to the faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether it is lawful to communicate with unbelievers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether unbelievers may have authority or dominion over the faithful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the rites of unbelievers ought to be tolerated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q10_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the children of Jews and other unbelievers ought to be baptized against their parents' will?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q11_A1','pSS_Q11_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q11_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q11.html">Question. 11 - OF HERESY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q11_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q11_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether heresy is a species of unbelief?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q11_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether heresy is properly about matters of faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q11_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether heretics ought to be tolerated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q11_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Church should receive those who return from heresy?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q12_A1','pSS_Q12_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q12_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q12.html">Question. 12 - OF APOSTASY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q12_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q12_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether apostasy pertains to unbelief?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q12_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a prince forfeits his dominion over his subjects, on account of apostasy from the faith, so that they + no longer owe him allegiance? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q13_A1','pSS_Q13_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q13_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q13.html">Question. 13 - OF THE SIN OF BLASPHEMY, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q13_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q13_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether blasphemy is opposed to the confession of faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q13_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether blasphemy is always a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q13_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the sin of blasphemy is the greatest sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q13_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the damned blaspheme?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q14_A1','pSS_Q14_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q14_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q14.html">Question. 14 - OF BLASPHEMY AGAINST THE HOLY GHOST (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q14_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q14_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the sin against the Holy Ghost is the same as the sin committed through certain malice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q14_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is fitting to distinguish six kinds of sin against the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q14_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the sin against the Holy Ghost can be forgiven?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q14_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man can sin first of all against the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q15_A1','pSS_Q15_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q15_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q15.html">Question. 15 - OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q15_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q15_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether blindness of mind is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q15_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether dulness of sense is a sin distinct from blindness of mind?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q15_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether blindness of mind and dulness of sense arise from sins of the flesh?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q16_A1','pSS_Q16_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q16_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q16.html">Question. 16 - OF THE PRECEPTS OF FAITH, KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q16_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q16_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in the Old Law there should have been given precepts of faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q16_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the precepts referring to knowledge and understanding were fittingly set down in the Old Law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q17_A1','pSS_Q17_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q17_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17.html">Question. 17 - Of Hope, Considered in Itself (Eight Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q17_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether hope is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether eternal happiness is the proper object of hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one man may hope for another's eternal happiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man can lawfully hope in man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether hope is a theological virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether hope is distinct from the other theological virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether hope precedes faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q17_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether charity precedes hope?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q18_A1','pSS_Q18_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q18_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q18.html">Question. 18 - OF THE SUBJECT OF HOPE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q18_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q18_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether hope is in the will as its subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q18_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the blessed there is hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q18_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether hope is in the damned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q18_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there is certainty in the hope of a wayfarer?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q19_A1','pSS_Q19_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q19_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19.html">Question. 19 - OF THE GIFT OF FEAR (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q19_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God can be feared?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fear is fittingly divided into filial, initial, servile and worldly fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether worldly fear is always evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether servile fear is good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether servile fear is substantially the same as filial fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether servile fear remains with charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether fear is the beginning of wisdom?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether initial fear differs substantially from filial fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether fear is a gift of the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether fear decreases when charity increases?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether fear remains in heaven?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q19_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether poverty of spirit is the beatitude corresponding to the gift of fear? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q20_A1','pSS_Q20_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q20_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q20.html">Question. 20 - OF DESPAIR (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q20_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q20_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether despair is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q20_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there can be despair without unbelief?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q20_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether despair is the greatest of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q20_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether despair arises from sloth?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q21_A1','pSS_Q21_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q21_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q21.html">Question. 21 - OF PRESUMPTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q21_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q21_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether presumption trusts in God or in our own power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q21_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether presumption is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q21_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether presumption is more opposed to fear than to hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q21_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether presumption arises from vainglory? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q22_A1','pSS_Q22_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q22_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q22.html">Question. 22 - OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO HOPE AND FEAR (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q22_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q22_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there should be a precept of hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q22_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there should have been given a precept of fear?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q23_A1','pSS_Q23_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q23_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23.html">Question. 23 - Of Charity, Considered In Itself (Eight Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q23_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether charity is friendship?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether charity is something created in the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether charity is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether charity is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether charity is one virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether charity is the most excellent of the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether any true virtue is possible without charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q23_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether charity is the form of the virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q24_A1','pSS_Q24_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q24_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24.html">Question. 24 - OF THE SUBJECT OF CHARITY (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q24_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the will is the subject of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether charity is caused in us by infusion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether charity is infused according to the capacity of our natural gifts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether charity can increase?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether charity increases by addition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether charity increases through every act of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether charity increases indefinitely?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether charity can be perfect in this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether charity is rightly distinguished into three degrees, beginning, progress, and perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether charity can decrease?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether we can lose charity when once we have it?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q24_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether charity is lost through one mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q25_A1','pSS_Q25_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q25_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25.html">Question. 25 - OF THE OBJECT OF CHARITY (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q25_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the love of charity stops at God, or extends to our neighbor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether we should love charity out of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether irrational creatures also ought to be loved out of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man ought to love himself out of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a man ought to love his body out of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether we ought to love sinners out of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether sinners love themselves?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether charity requires that we should love our enemies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether it is necessary for salvation that we should show our enemies the signs and effects of love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether we ought to love the angels out of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether we are bound to love the demons out of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q25_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether four things are rightly reckoned as to be loved out of charity, viz. God, our neighbor, our body and + ourselves? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q26_A1','pSS_Q26_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q26_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26.html">Question. 26 - OF THE ORDER OF CHARITY (THIRTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q26_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is order in charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God ought to be loved more than our neighbor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether out of charity, man is bound to love God more than himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether our of charity, man ought to love himself more than his neighbor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a man ought to love his neighbor more than his own body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether we ought to love one neighbor more than another? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether we ought to love those who are better more those who are more closely united us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether we ought to love more those who are connected with us by ties of blood?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether a man ought, out of charity, to love his children more than his father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether a man ought to love his mother more than his father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether a man ought to love his wife more than his father and mother?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether a man ought to love more his benefactor than one he has benefited?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q26_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether the order of charity endures in heaven?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q27_A1','pSS_Q27_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q27_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27.html">Question. 27 - OF THE PRINCIPLE ACT OF CHARITY, WHICH IS TO LOVE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q27_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether to be loved is more proper to charity than to love?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether to love considered as an act of charity is the same as goodwill?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether out of charity God ought to be loved for Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God can be loved immediately in this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether God can be loved wholly? [*Cf. Q[184], A[2]]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether in loving God we ought to observe any mode?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it is more meritorious to love an enemy than to love a friend?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q27_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it is more meritorious to love one's neighbor than to love God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q28_A1','pSS_Q28_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q28_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q28.html">Question. 28 - OF JOY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q28_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q28_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether joy is effected in us by charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q28_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the spiritual joy, which results from charity, is compatible with an admixture of sorrow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q28_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the spiritual joy which proceeds from charity, can be filled?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q28_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether joy is a virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q29_A1','pSS_Q29_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q29_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q29.html">Question. 29 - OF PEACE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q29_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q29_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether peace is the same as concord?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q29_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all things desire peace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q29_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether peace is the proper effect of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q29_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether peace is a virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q30_A1','pSS_Q30_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q30_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q30.html">Question. 30 - OF MERCY (FOUR ARTICLES) [*The one Latin word 'misericordia' signifies either pity or mercy. The distinction + between these two is that pity may stand either for the act or for the virtue, whereas mercy stands only for the virtue.] + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q30_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q30_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether evil is properly the motive of mercy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q30_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the reason for taking pity is a defect in the person who pities?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q30_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether mercy is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q30_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether mercy is the greatest of the virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q31_A1','pSS_Q31_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q31_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q31.html">Question. 31 - OF BENEFICENCE (FOUR ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q31_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q31_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether beneficence is an act of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q31_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether we ought to do good to all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q31_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether we ought to do good to those rather who are more closely united to us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q31_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether beneficence is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q32_A1','pSS_Q32_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q32_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32.html">Question. 32 - OF ALMSDEEDS (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q32_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether almsgiving is an act of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the different kinds of almsdeeds are suitably enumerated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether corporal alms are of more account than spiritual alms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether corporal almsdeeds have a spiritual effect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether almsgiving is a matter of precept?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether one ought to give alms out of what one needs?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether one may give alms out of ill-gotten goods?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether one who is under another's power can give alms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether one ought to give alms to those rather who are more closely united to us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q32_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether alms should be given in abundance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q33_A1','pSS_Q33_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q33_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33.html">Question. 33 - OF FRATERNAL CORRECTION (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q33_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fraternal correction is an act of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fraternal correction is a matter of precept?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether fraternal correction belongs only to prelates?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a mann is bound to correct his prelate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a sinner ought to reprove a wrongdoer?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether one ought to forbear from correcting someone, through fear lest he become worse?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the precept of fraternal correction demands that a private admonition should precede denunciation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q33_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether before the public denunciation witnesses ought to be brought forward?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q34_A1','pSS_Q34_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q34_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q34.html">Question. 34 - OF HATRED (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q34_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q34_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is possible for anyone to hate God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q34_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether hatred of God is the greatest of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q34_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether hatred of one's neighbor is always a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q34_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether hatred of our neighbor is the most grievous sin against our neighbor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q34_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether hatred is a capital sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q34_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether hatred arises from envy?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q35_A1','pSS_Q35_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q35_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q35.html">Question. 35 - OF SLOTH (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q35_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q35_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sloth is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q35_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sloth is a special vice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q35_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sloth is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q35_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sloth should be accounted a capital vice?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q36_A1','pSS_Q36_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q36_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q36.html">Question. 36 - OF ENVY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q36_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q36_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether envy is a kind of sorrow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q36_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether envy is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q36_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether envy is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q36_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether envy is a capital vice?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q37_A1','pSS_Q37_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q37_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q37.html">Question. 37 - OF DISCORD, WHICH IS CONTRARY TO PEACE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q37_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q37_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether discord is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q37_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether discord is a daughter of vainglory?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q38_A1','pSS_Q38_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q38_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q38.html">Question. 38 - OF CONTENTION (TWO ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q38_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q38_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether contention is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q38_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether contention is a daughter of vainglory?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q39_A1','pSS_Q39_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q39_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q39.html">Question. 39 - OF SCHISM (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q39_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q39_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether schism is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q39_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether schism is a graver sin than unbelief?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q39_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether schismatics have any power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q39_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is right that schismatics should be punished with excommunication?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q40_A1','pSS_Q40_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q40_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q40.html">Question. 40 - OF WAR (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q40_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q40_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is always sinful to wage war?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q40_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful for clerics and bishops to fight?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q40_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is lawful to lay ambushes in war?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q40_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful to fight on holy days?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q41_A1','pSS_Q41_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q41_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q41.html">Question. 41 - OF STRIFE (TWO ARTICLES) [*Strife here denotes fighting between individuals]</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q41_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q41_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether strife is always a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q41_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether strife is a daughter of anger?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q42_A1','pSS_Q42_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q42_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q42.html">Question. 42 - OF SEDITION (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q42_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q42_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sedition is a special sin distinct from other sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q42_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sedition is always a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q43_A1','pSS_Q43_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q43_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43.html">Question. 43 - OF SCANDAL (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q43_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether scandal is fittingly defined as being something less rightly said or done that occasions spiritual downfall?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether scandal is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether scandal is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether scandal is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether passive scandal may happen even to the perfect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether active scandal can be found in the perfect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether spiritual goods should be foregone on account of scandal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q43_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether temporal goods should be foregone on account of scandal?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q44_A1','pSS_Q44_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q44_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44.html">Question. 44 - OF THE PRECEPTS OF CHARITY (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q44_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any precept should be given about charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there should have been given two precepts of charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether two precepts of charity suffice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is fittingly commanded that man should love God with his whole heart?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether to the words, 'Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart,' it was fitting to add 'and with + thy whole soul, and with thy whole strength'? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is possible in this life to fulfil this precept of the love of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the precept of love of our neighbor is fittingly expressed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q44_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the order of charity is included in the precept?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q45_A1','pSS_Q45_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q45_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q45.html">Question. 45 - OF THE GIFT OF WISDOM (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q45_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q45_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether wisdom should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q45_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether wisdom is in the intellect as its subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q45_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether wisdom is merely speculative, or practical also?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q45_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether wisdom can be without grace, and with mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q45_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether wisdom is in all who have grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q45_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the seventh beatitude corresponds to the gift of wisdom?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q46_A1','pSS_Q46_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q46_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q46.html">Question. 46 - OF FOLLY WHICH IS OPPOSED TO WISDOM (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q46_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q46_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether folly is contrary to wisdom?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q46_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether folly is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q46_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether folly is a daughter of lust?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q47','pSS_Q47')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q47" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS.ii.html">TREATISE ON THE CARDINAL VIRTUES (QQ[47]-170)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q47"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q47_A1','pSS_Q47_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q47_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47.html">Question. 47 - Of Prudence, Considered In Itself (Sixteen Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q47_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether prudence is in the cognitive or in the appetitive faculty?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether prudence belongs to the practical reason alone or also to the speculative reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether prudence takes cognizance of singulars?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether prudence is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether prudence is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether prudence appoints the end to moral virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it belongs to prudence to find the mean in moral virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether command is the chief act of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether solicitude belongs to prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether solicitude belongs to prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether prudence about one's own good is specifically the same as that which extends to the common good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether prudence is in subjects, or only in their rulers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether prudence can be in sinners?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A14.html">Article. 14 - Whether prudence is in all who have grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A15.html">Article. 15 - Whether prudence is in us by nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q47_A16.html">Article. 16 - Whether prudence can be lost through forgetfulness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q48_A1','pSS_Q48_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q48_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q48.html">Question. 48 - OF THE PARTS OF PRUDENCE (ONE ARTICLE)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q48_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q48_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether three parts of prudence are fittingly assigned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q49_A1','pSS_Q49_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q49_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49.html">Question. 49 - OF EACH QUASI-INTEGRAL PART OF PRUDENCE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q49_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether memory is a part of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether understanding* is a part of prudence? [*Otherwise intuition; Aristotle's word is {nous}]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether docility should be accounted a part of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether shrewdness is part of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether reason should be reckoned a part of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether foresight* should be accounted a part of prudence? [*'Providentia,' which may be translated either 'providence' + or 'foresight.'] + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether circumspection can be a part of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q49_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether caution should be reckoned a part of prudence?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q50_A1','pSS_Q50_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q50_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q50.html">Question. 50 - OF THE SUBJECTIVE PARTS OF PRUDENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q50_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q50_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a species of prudence is regnative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q50_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether political prudence is fittingly accounted a part of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q50_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a part of prudence should be reckoned to be domestic?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q50_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether military prudence should be reckoned a part of prudence?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q51_A1','pSS_Q51_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q51_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q51.html">Question. 51 - OF THE VIRTUES WHICH ARE CONNECTED WITH PRUDENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q51_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q51_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether {euboulia} (deliberating well) is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q51_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether {euboulia} (deliberating well) is a special virtue, distinct from prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q51_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether {synesis} (judging well according to common law) is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q51_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether {gnome} (judging well according to general law) is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q52_A1','pSS_Q52_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q52_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q52.html">Question. 52 - OF THE GIFT OF COUNSEL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q52_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q52_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether counsel should be reckoned among the gifts of the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q52_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the gift of counsel corresponds to the virtue of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q52_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the gift of counsel remains in heaven?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q52_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the fifth beatitude, which is that of mercy, corresponds to the gift of counsel?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q53_A1','pSS_Q53_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q53_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q53.html">Question. 53 - OF IMPRUDENCE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q53_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q53_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether imprudence is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q53_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether imprudence is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q53_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether precipitation is a sin included in imprudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q53_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether thoughtlessness is a special sin included in prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q53_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether inconstancy is a vice contained under prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q53_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the aforesaid vices arise from lust?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q54_A1','pSS_Q54_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q54_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q54.html">Question. 54 - OF NEGLIGENCE (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q54_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q54_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether negligence is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q54_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether negligence is opposed to prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q54_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether negligence can be a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q55_A1','pSS_Q55_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q55_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55.html">Question. 55 - OF VICES OPPOSED TO PRUDENCE BY WAY OF RESEMBLANCE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q55_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether prudence of the flesh is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether prudence of the flesh is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether craftiness is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether guile is a sin pertaining to craftiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether fraud pertains to craftiness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is lawful to be solicitous about temporal matters?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether we should be solicitous about the future?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q55_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether these vices arise from covetousness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q56_A1','pSS_Q56_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q56_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q56.html">Question. 56 - OF THE PRECEPTS RELATING TO PRUDENCE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q56_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q56_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the precepts of the decalogue should have included a precept of prudence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q56_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the prohibitive precepts relating to the vices opposed to prudence are fittingly propounded in the Old + Law? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q57_A1','pSS_Q57_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q57_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q57.html">Question. 57 - Of Right (Four Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q57_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q57_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether right is the object of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q57_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether right is fittingly divided into natural right and positive right?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q57_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the right of nations is the same as the natural right?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q57_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether paternal right and right of dominion should be distinguished as special species?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q58_A1','pSS_Q58_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q58_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58.html">Question. 58 - OF JUSTICE (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q58_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether justice is fittingly defined as being the perpetual and constant will to render to each one his right?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether justice is always towards one another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether justice is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether justice is in the will as its subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether justice is a general virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether justice, as a general virtue, is essentially the same as all virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether there is a particular besides a general justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether particular justice has a special matter?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether justice is about the passions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the mean of justice is the real mean?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the act of justice is to render to each one his own?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q58_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether justice stands foremost among all moral virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q59_A1','pSS_Q59_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q59_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q59.html">Question. 59 - OF INJUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q59_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q59_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether injustice is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q59_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a man is called unjust through doing an unjust thing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q59_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether we can suffer injustice willingly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q59_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether whoever does an injustice sins mortally?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q60_A1','pSS_Q60_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q60_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q60.html">Question. 60 - OF JUDGMENT (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q60_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q60_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether judgment is an act of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q60_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful to judge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q60_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is unlawful to form a judgment from suspicions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q60_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether doubts should be interpreted for the best?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q60_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether we should always judge according to the written law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q60_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether judgment is rendered perverse by being usurped?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q61_A1','pSS_Q61_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q61_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q61.html">Question. 61 - OF THE PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q61_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q61_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether two species of justice are suitably assigned, viz. commutative and distributive?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q61_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the mean is to be observed in the same way in distributive as in commutative justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q61_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there is a different matter for both kinds of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q61_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the just is absolutely the same as retaliation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q62_A1','pSS_Q62_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q62_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62.html">Question. 62 - OF RESTITUTION (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q62_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether restitution is an act of commutative justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether restitution of what has been taken away is necessary for salvation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it suffices to restore the exact amount taken?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man is bound to restore what he has not taken?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether restitution must always be made to the person from whom a thing has been taken?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether he that has taken a thing is always bound to restitution?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether restitution is binding on those who have not taken?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q62_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether a man is bound to immediate restitution, or may he put it off?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q63_A1','pSS_Q63_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q63_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q63.html">Question. 63 - VICES OPPOSED TO DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE (Q[63])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q63_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q63_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether respect of persons is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q63_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether respect of persons takes place in the dispensation of spiritual goods?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q63_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether respect of persons takes place in showing honor and respect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q63_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the sin of respect of persons takes place in judicial sentences?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q64_A1','pSS_Q64_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q64_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64.html">Question. 64 - Of Murder (Eight Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q64_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is unlawful to kill any living thing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful to kill sinners?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is lawful for a private individual to kill a man who has sinned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful for clerics to kill evil-doers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is lawful to kill oneself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is lawful to kill the innocent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q64_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it is lawful to kill a man in self-defense?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q65_A1','pSS_Q65_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q65_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q65.html">Question. 65 - OF OTHER INJURIES COMMITTED ON THE PERSON (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q65_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q65_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in some cases it may be lawful to maim anyone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q65_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful for parents to strike their children, or masters their slaves?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q65_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is lawful to imprison a man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q65_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the sin is aggravated by the fact that the aforesaid injuries are perpetrated on those who are connected + with others? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q66_A1','pSS_Q66_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q66_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66.html">Question. 66 - OF THEFT AND ROBBERY (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q66_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is natural for man to possess external things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful for a man to possess a thing as his own?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the essence of theft consists in taking another's thing secretly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether theft and robbery are sins of different species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether theft is always a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it is lawful to steal through stress of need?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether robbery may be committed without sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q66_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether theft is a more grievous sin than robbery?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q67_A1','pSS_Q67_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q67_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q67.html">Question. 67 - OF THE INJUSTICE OF A JUDGE, IN JUDGING (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q67_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q67_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a man can justly judge one who is not subject to his jurisdiction?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q67_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful for a judge to pronounce judgment against the truth that he knows, on account of evidence + to the contrary? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q67_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a judge may condemn a man who is not accused?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q67_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the judge can lawfully remit the punishment?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q68_A1','pSS_Q68_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q68_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q68.html">Question. 68 - OF MATTERS CONCERNING UNJUST ACCUSATION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q68_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q68_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a man is bound to accuse?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q68_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is necessary for the accusation to be made in writing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q68_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an accusation is rendered unjust by calumny, collusion or evasion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q68_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an accuser who fails to prove his indictment is bound to the punishment of retaliation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q69_A1','pSS_Q69_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q69_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q69.html">Question. 69 - OF SINS COMMITTED AGAINST JUSTICE ON THE PART OF THE DEFENDANT (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q69_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q69_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether one can, without a mortal sin, deny the truth which would lead to one's condemnation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q69_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful for the accused to defend himself with calumnies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q69_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is lawful for the accused to escape judgment by appealing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q69_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man who is condemned to death may lawfully defend himself if he can?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q70_A1','pSS_Q70_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q70_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q70.html">Question. 70 - OF INJUSTICE WITH REGARD TO THE PERSON OF THE WITNESS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q70_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q70_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a man is bound to give evidence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q70_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the evidence of two or three persons suffices?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q70_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man's evidence can be rejected without any fault of his?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q70_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is always a mortal sin to give false evidence?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q71_A1','pSS_Q71_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q71_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q71.html">Question. 71 - OF INJUSTICE IN JUDGMENT ON THE PART OF COUNSEL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q71_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q71_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an advocate is bound to defend the suits of the poor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q71_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is fitting that the law should debar certain persons from the office of advocate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q71_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an advocate sins by defending an unjust cause?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q71_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful for an advocate to take a fee for pleading?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q72_A1','pSS_Q72_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q72_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q72.html">Question. 72 - Of Reviling (Four Articles)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q72_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q72_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether reviling consists in words?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q72_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether reviling or railing is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q72_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one ought to suffer oneself to be reviled?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q72_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether reviling arises from anger?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q73_A1','pSS_Q73_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q73_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q73.html">Question. 73 - OF BACKBITING [*Or detraction] (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q73_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q73_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether backbiting is suitably defined as the blackening of another's character by secret words?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q73_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether backbiting is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q73_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether backbiting is the gravest of all sins committed against one's neighbor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q73_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is a grave sin for the listener to suffer the backbiter?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q74_A1','pSS_Q74_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q74_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q74.html">Question. 74 - OF TALE-BEARING [*'Susurratio,' i.e. whispering] (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q74_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q74_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether tale-bearing is a sin distinct from backbiting?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q74_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether backbiting is a graver sin than tale-bearing?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q75_A1','pSS_Q75_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q75_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q75.html">Question. 75 - OF DERISION [*Or mockery] (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q75_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q75_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether derision is a special sin distinct from those already mentioned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q75_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether derision can be a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q76_A1','pSS_Q76_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q76_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q76.html">Question. 76 - OF CURSING (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q76_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q76_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful to curse anyone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q76_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful to curse an irrational creature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q76_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether cursing is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q76_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether cursing is a graver sin than backbiting?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q77_A1','pSS_Q77_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q77_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q77.html">Question. 77 - (D) BY SINS COMMITTED IN BUYING AND SELLING (Q[77])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q77_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q77_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful to sell a thing for more than its worth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q77_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a sale is rendered unlawful through a fault in the thing sold?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q77_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the seller is bound to state the defects of the thing sold?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q77_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether, in trading, it is lawful to sell a thing at a higher price than what was paid for it?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q78_A1','pSS_Q78_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q78_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q78.html">Question. 78 - (E) BY SINS COMMITTED IN LOANS (Q[78])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q78_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q78_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is a sin to take usury for money lent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q78_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful to ask for any other kind of consideration for money lent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q78_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man is bound to restore whatever profits he has made out of money gotten by usury?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q78_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful to borrow money under a condition of usury?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q79_A1','pSS_Q79_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q79_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q79.html">Question. 79 - OF THE QUASI-INTEGRAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q79_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q79_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether to decline from evil and to do good are parts of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q79_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether transgression is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q79_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether omission is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q79_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a sin of omission is more grievous than a sin of transgression?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q80_A1','pSS_Q80_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q80_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q80.html">Question. 80 - OF THE POTENTIAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (ONE ARTICLE)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q80_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q80_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the virtues annexed to justice are suitably enumerated?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q81_A1','pSS_Q81_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q81_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81.html">Question. 81 - OF RELIGION (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q81_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether religion directs man to God alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether religion is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether religion is one virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether religion is a special virtue, distinct from the others?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether religion is a theological virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether religion should be preferred to the other moral virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether religion has an external act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q81_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether religion is the same as sanctity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q82_A1','pSS_Q82_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q82_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q82.html">Question. 82 - OF DEVOTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q82_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q82_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether devotion is a special act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q82_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether devotion is an act of religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q82_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether contemplation or meditation is the cause of devotion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q82_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether joy is an effect of devotion? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q83_A1','pSS_Q83_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q83_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83.html">Question. 83 - OF PRAYER (SEVENTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q83_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether prayer is an act of the appetitive power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is becoming to pray?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether prayer is an act of religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether we ought to pray to God alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether we ought to ask for something definite when we pray?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether man ought to ask God for temporal things when he prays?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether we ought to pray for others?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether we ought to pray for our enemies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the seven petitions of the Lord's Prayer are fittingly assigned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether prayer is proper to the rational creature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the saints in heaven pray for us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether prayer should be vocal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether attention is a necessary condition of prayer?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A14.html">Article. 14 - Whether prayer should last a long time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A15.html">Article. 15 - Whether prayer is meritorious?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A16.html">Article. 16 - Whether sinners impetrate anything from God by their prayers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q83_A17.html">Article. 17 - Whether the parts of prayer are fittingly described as supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q84_A1','pSS_Q84_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q84_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q84.html">Question. 84 - OF ADORATION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q84_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q84_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether adoration is an act of latria or religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q84_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether adoration denotes an action of the body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q84_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether adoration requires a definite place?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q85_A1','pSS_Q85_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q85_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q85.html">Question. 85 - OF SACRIFICE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q85_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q85_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether offering a sacrifice to God is of the law of nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q85_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sacrifice should be offered to God alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q85_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the offering of sacrifice is a special act of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q85_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all are bound to offer sacrifices?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q86_A1','pSS_Q86_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q86_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q86.html">Question. 86 - OF OBLATIONS AND FIRST-FRUITS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q86_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q86_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether men are under a necessity of precept to make oblations?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q86_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether oblations are due to priests alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q86_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man may make oblations of whatever he lawfully possesses?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q86_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether men are bound to pay first-fruits?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q87_A1','pSS_Q87_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q87_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q87.html">Question. 87 - OF TITHES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q87_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q87_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether men are bound to pay tithes under a necessity of precept?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q87_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether men are bound to pay tithes of all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q87_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether tithes should be paid to the clergy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q87_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the clergy also are bound to pay tithes?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q88_A1','pSS_Q88_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q88_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88.html">Question. 88 - SERVICE BY PROMISE (Q[88])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q88_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a vow consists in a mere purpose of the will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a vow should always be about a better good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all vows are binding?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is expedient to take vows?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a vow is an act of latria or religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is more praiseworthy and meritorious to do something in fulfilment of a vow, than without a vow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether a vow is solemnized by the reception of holy orders, and by the profession of a certain rule?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether those who are subject to another's power are hindered from taking vows?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether children can bind themselves by vow to enter religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether vows admit of dispensation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether it is possible to be dispensed from a solemn vow of continency?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q88_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the authority of a prelate is required for commutation or the dispensation of a vow?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q89_A1','pSS_Q89_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q89_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89.html">Question. 89 - OF OATHS (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q89_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether to swear is to call God to witness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful to swear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether three accompanying conditions of an oath are suitably assigned, namely, justice, judgment, and truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an oath is an act of religion or latria?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether oaths are desirable and to be used frequently as something useful and good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is lawful to swear by creatures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether an oath has a binding force?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether an oath is more binding than a vow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether anyone can dispense from an oath?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q89_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether an oath is voided by a condition of person or time?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q90_A1','pSS_Q90_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q90_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q90.html">Question. 90 - OF THE TAKING OF GOD'S NAME BY WAY OF ADJURATION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q90_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q90_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful to adjure a man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q90_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful to adjure the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q90_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is lawful to adjure an irrational creature?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q91_A1','pSS_Q91_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q91_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q91.html">Question. 91 - OF TAKING THE DIVINE NAME FOR THE PURPOSE OF INVOKING IT BY MEANS OF PRAISE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q91_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q91_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God should be praised with the lips?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q91_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether God should be praised with song?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q92_A1','pSS_Q92_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q92_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q92.html">Question. 92 - OF SUPERSTITION (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q92_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q92_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether superstition is a vice contrary to religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q92_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are various species of superstition?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q93_A1','pSS_Q93_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q93_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q93.html">Question. 93 - OF SUPERSTITION CONSISTING IN UNDUE WORSHIP OF THE TRUE GOD (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q93_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q93_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there can be anything pernicious in the worship of the true God? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q93_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there can be any excess in the worship of God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q94_A1','pSS_Q94_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q94_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q94.html">Question. 94 - OF IDOLATRY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q94_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q94_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether idolatry is rightly reckoned a species of superstition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q94_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether idolatry is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q94_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether idolatry is the gravest of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q94_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the cause of idolatry was on the part of man?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q95_A1','pSS_Q95_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q95_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95.html">Question. 95 - OF SUPERSTITION IN DIVINATIONS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q95_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether divination is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether divination is a species of superstition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether we ought to distinguish several species of divination?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether divination practiced by invoking the demons is unlawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether divination by the stars is unlawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether divination by dreams is unlawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether divination by auguries, omens, and by like observations of external things is unlawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q95_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether divination by drawing lots is unlawful? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q96_A1','pSS_Q96_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q96_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q96.html">Question. 96 - OF SUPERSTITION IN OBSERVANCES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q96_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q96_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it be unlawful to practice the observances of the magic art?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q96_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether observances directed to the alteration of bodies, as for the purpose of acquiring health or the like, + are unlawful? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q96_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether observances directed to the purpose of fortune-telling are unlawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q96_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is unlawful to wear divine words at the neck?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q97_A1','pSS_Q97_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q97_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q97.html">Question. 97 - OF THE TEMPTATION OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q97_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q97_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the temptation of God consists in certain deeds, wherein the expected result is ascribed to the power + of God alone? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q97_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is a sin to tempt God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q97_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether temptation of God is opposed to the virtue of religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q97_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the temptation of God is a graver sin than superstition?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q98_A1','pSS_Q98_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q98_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q98.html">Question. 98 - OF PERJURY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q98_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q98_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is necessary for perjury that the statement confirmed on oath be false?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q98_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all perjury is sinful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q98_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all perjury is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q98_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether he sins who demands an oath of a perjurer?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q99_A1','pSS_Q99_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q99_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q99.html">Question. 99 - OF SACRILEGE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q99_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q99_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sacrilege is the violation of a sacred thing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q99_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sacrilege is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q99_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the species of sacrilege are distinguished according to the sacred things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q99_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the punishment of sacrilege should be pecuniary?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q100_A1','pSS_Q100_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q100_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q100.html">Question. 100 - ON SIMONY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q100_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q100_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether simony is an intentional will to buy or sell something spiritual or connected with a spiritual thing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q100_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is always unlawful to give money for the sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q100_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is lawful to give and receive money for spiritual actions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q100_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful to receive money for things annexed to spiritual things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q100_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is lawful to grant spiritual things in return for an equivalent of service, or for an oral remuneration?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q100_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether those who are guilty of simony are fittingly punished by being deprived of what they have acquired by + simony? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q101_A1','pSS_Q101_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q101_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q101.html">Question. 101 - OF PIETY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q101_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q101_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether piety extends to particular human individuals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q101_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether piety provides support for our parents?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q101_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether piety is a special virtue distinct from other virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q101_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the duties of piety towards one's parents should be omitted for the sake of religion? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q102_A1','pSS_Q102_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q102_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q102.html">Question. 102 - OF OBSERVANCE, CONSIDERED IN ITSELF, AND OF ITS PARTS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q102_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q102_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether observance is a special virtue, distinct from other virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q102_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it belongs to observance to pay worship and honor to those who are in positions of dignity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q102_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether observance is a greater virtue than piety?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q103_A1','pSS_Q103_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q103_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q103.html">Question. 103 - OF DULIA (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q103_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q103_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether honor denotes something corporal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q103_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether honor is properly due to those who are above us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q103_A3.html">Whether dulia is a special virtue distinct from latria?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q103_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether dulia has various species?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q104_A1','pSS_Q104_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q104_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q104.html">Question. 104 - OF OBEDIENCE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q104_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q104_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether one man is bound to obey another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q104_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether obedience is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q104_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether obedience is the greatest of the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q104_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God ought to be obeyed in all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q104_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether subjects are bound to obey their superiors in all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q104_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christians are bound to obey the secular powers?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q105_A1','pSS_Q105_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q105_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q105.html">Question. 105 - OF DISOBEDIENCE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q105_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q105_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether disobedience is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q105_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether disobedience is the most grievous of sins?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q106_A1','pSS_Q106_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q106_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q106.html">Question. 106 - OF THANKFULNESS OR GRATITUDE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q106_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q106_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether thankfulness is a special virtue, distinct from other virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q106_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the innocent is more bound to give thanks to God than the penitent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q106_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man is bound to give thanks to every benefactor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q106_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man is bound to repay a favor at once?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q106_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether in giving thanks we should look at the benefactor's disposition or at the deed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q106_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the repayment of gratitude should surpass the favor received?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q107_A1','pSS_Q107_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q107_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q107.html">Question. 107 - OF INGRATITUDE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q107_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q107_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether ingratitude is always a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q107_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether ingratitude is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q107_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether ingratitude is always a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q107_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether favors should be withheld from the ungrateful?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q108_A1','pSS_Q108_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q108_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q108.html">Question. 108 - OF VENGEANCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q108_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q108_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether vengeance is lawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q108_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether vengeance is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q108_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether vengeance should be wrought by means of punishments customary among men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q108_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether vengeance should be taken on those who have sinned involuntarily?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q109_A1','pSS_Q109_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q109_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q109.html">Question. 109 - OF TRUTH (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q109_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q109_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether truth is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q109_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether truth is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q109_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether truth is a part of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q109_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the virtue of truth inclines rather to that which is less?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q110_A1','pSS_Q110_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q110_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q110.html">Question. 110 - OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO TRUTH, AND FIRST OF LYING (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q110_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q110_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether lying is always opposed to truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q110_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether lies are sufficiently divided into officious, jocose, and mischievous lies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q110_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether every lie is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q110_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether every lie is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q111_A1','pSS_Q111_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q111_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q111.html">Question. 111 - OF DISSIMULATION AND HYPOCRISY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q111_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q111_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all dissimulation is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q111_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether hypocrisy is the same as dissimulation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q111_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether hypocrisy is contrary to the virtue of truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q111_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether hypocrisy is always a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q112_A1','pSS_Q112_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q112_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q112.html">Question. 112 - OF BOASTING (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q112_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q112_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether boasting is opposed to the virtue of truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q112_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether boasting is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q113_A1','pSS_Q113_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q113_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q113.html">Question. 113 - IRONY* (TWO ARTICLES) [*Irony here must be given the signification of the Greek {eironia}, whence it is derived: + dissimulation of one's own good points.] + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q113_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q113_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether irony is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q113_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether irony is a less grievous sin than boasting?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q114_A1','pSS_Q114_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q114_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q114.html">Question. 114 - OF THE FRIENDLINESS WHICH IS CALLED AFFABILITY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q114_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q114_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether friendliness is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q114_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this kind of friendship is a part of justice?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q115_A1','pSS_Q115_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q115_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q115.html">Question. 115 - OF FLATTERY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q115_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q115_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether flattery is a sin? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q115_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether flattery is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q116_A1','pSS_Q116_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q116_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q116.html">Question. 116 - OF QUARRELING (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q116_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q116_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether quarreling is opposed to the virtue of friendship or affability?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q116_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether quarreling is a more grievous sin than flattery?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q117_A1','pSS_Q117_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q117_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q117.html">Question. 117 - OF LIBERALITY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q117_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q117_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether liberality is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q117_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether liberality is about money?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q117_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether using money is the act of liberality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q117_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it belongs to a liberal man chiefly to give?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q117_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether liberality is a part of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q117_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether liberality is the greatest of the virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q118_A1','pSS_Q118_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q118_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118.html">Question. 118 - OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO LIBERALITY, AND IN THE FIRST PLACE, OF COVETOUSNESS (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q118_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether covetousness is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether covetousness is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether covetousness is opposed to liberality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether covetousness is always a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether covetousness is the greatest of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether covetousness is a spiritual sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether covetousness is a capital vice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q118_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether treachery, fraud, falsehood, perjury, restlessness, violence, and insensibility to mercy are daughters + of covetousness? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q119_A1','pSS_Q119_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q119_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q119.html">Question. 119 - OF PRODIGALITY (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q119_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q119_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether prodigality is opposite to covetousness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q119_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether prodigality is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q119_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether prodigality is a more grievous sin than covetousness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q120_A1','pSS_Q120_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q120_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q120.html">Question. 120 - OF 'EPIKEIA' OR EQUITY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q120_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q120_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether 'epikeia' [*{epieikeia}] is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q120_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether 'epikeia' is a part of justice?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q121_A1','pSS_Q121_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q121_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q121.html">Question. 121 - OF PIETY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q121_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q121_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether piety is a gift?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q121_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the second beatitude, 'Blessed are the meek,' corresponds to the gift of piety?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q122_A1','pSS_Q122_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q122_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q122.html">Question. 122 - OF THE PRECEPTS OF JUSTICE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q122_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q122_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the precepts of the decalogue are precepts of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q122_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the first precept of the decalogue is fittingly expressed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q122_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the second precept of the decalogue is fittingly expressed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q122_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the third precept of the decalogue, concerning the hallowing of the Sabbath, is fittingly expressed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q122_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the fourth precept, about honoring one's parents, is fittingly expressed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q122_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the other six precepts of the decalogue are fittingly expressed?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q123','pSS_Q123')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q123" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS.iii.html">TREATISE ON FORTITUDE AND TEMPERANCE (QQ[123]-170)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q123"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q123_A1','pSS_Q123_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q123_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123.html">Question. 123 - OF FORTITUDE (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q123_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fortitude is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fortitude is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether fortitude is about fear and dying?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether fortitude is only about dangers of death?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether fortitude is properly about dangers of death in battle?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether endurance is the chief act of fortitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the brave man acts for the sake of the good of his habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the brave man delights in his act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether fortitude deals chiefly with sudden occurrences?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the brave man makes use of anger in his action?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q123_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether fortitude excels among all other virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q124_A1','pSS_Q124_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q124_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q124.html">Question. 124 - OF MARTYRDOM (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q124_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q124_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether martyrdom is an act of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q124_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether martyrdom is an act of fortitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q124_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether martyrdom is an act of the greatest perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q124_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether death is essential to martyrdom?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q124_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether faith alone is the cause of martyrdom?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q125_A1','pSS_Q125_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q125_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q125.html">Question. 125 - OF FEAR* (FOUR ARTICLES) [*St. Thomas calls this vice indifferently 'fear' or 'timidity.' The translation + requires one to adhere to these terms on account of the connection with the passion of fear. Otherwise 'cowardice' would be + a better rendering.] + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q125_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q125_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fear is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q125_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the sin of fear is contrary to fortitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q125_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether fear is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q125_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether fear excuses from sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q126_A1','pSS_Q126_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q126_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q126.html">Question. 126 - OF FEARLESSNESS (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q126_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q126_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fearlessness is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q126_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fearlessness is opposed to fortitude?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q127_A1','pSS_Q127_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q127_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q127.html">Question. 127 - OF DARING [*Excessive daring or foolhardiness] (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q127_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q127_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether daring is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q127_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether daring is opposed to fortitude?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q128_A1','pSS_Q128_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q128_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q128.html">Question. 128 - OF THE PARTS OF FORTITUDE (ONE ARTICLE)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q128_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q128_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the parts of fortitude are suitably assigned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q129_A1','pSS_Q129_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q129_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129.html">Question. 129 - OF MAGNANIMITY* (EIGHT ARTICLES) [*Not in the ordinary restricted sense but as explained by the author]</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q129_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether magnanimity is about honors?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether magnanimity is essentially about great honors?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether magnanimity is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether magnanimity is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether magnanimity is a part of fortitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether confidence belongs to magnanimity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether security belongs to magnanimity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q129_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether goods of fortune conduce to magnanimity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q130_A1','pSS_Q130_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q130_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q130.html">Question. 130 - OF PRESUMPTION (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q130_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q130_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether presumption is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q130_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether presumption is opposed to magnanimity by excess?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q131_A1','pSS_Q131_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q131_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q131.html">Question. 131 - OF AMBITION (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q131_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q131_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether ambition is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q131_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether ambition is opposed to magnanimity by excess?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q132_A1','pSS_Q132_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q132_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q132.html">Question. 132 - OF VAINGLORY (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q132_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q132_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the desire of glory is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q132_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether vainglory is opposed to magnanimity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q132_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether vainglory is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q132_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether vainglory is a capital vice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q132_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the daughters of vainglory are suitably reckoned to be disobedience, boastfulness, hypocrisy, contention, + obstinacy, discord, and love of novelties? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q133_A1','pSS_Q133_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q133_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q133.html">Question. 133 - OF PUSILLANIMITY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q133_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q133_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether pusillanimity is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q133_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether pusillanimity is opposed to magnanimity? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q134_A1','pSS_Q134_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q134_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q134.html">Question. 134 - OF MAGNIFICENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q134_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q134_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether magnificence is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q134_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether magnificence is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q134_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the matter of magnificence is great expenditure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q134_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether magnificence is a part of fortitude?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q135_A1','pSS_Q135_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q135_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q135.html">Question. 135 - OF MEANNESS* (TWO ARTICLES) [*'Parvificentia,' or doing mean things, just as 'magnificentia' is doing great + things.] + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q135_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q135_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether meanness is a vice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q135_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there is a vice opposed to meanness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q136_A1','pSS_Q136_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q136_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q136.html">Question. 136 - OF PATIENCE (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q136_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q136_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether patience is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q136_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether patience is the greatest of the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q136_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is possible to have patience without grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q136_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether patience is a part of fortitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q136_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether patience is the same as longanimity? [*Longsuffering. It is necessary to preserve the Latin word, on + account of the comparison with magnanimity.] + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q137_A1','pSS_Q137_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q137_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q137.html">Question. 137 - OF PERSEVERANCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q137_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q137_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether perseverance is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q137_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether perseverance is a part of fortitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q137_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether constancy pertains to perseverance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q137_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether perseverance needs the help of grace? [*Cf. FS, Q[109], A[10]]</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q138_A1','pSS_Q138_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q138_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q138.html">Question. 138 - OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO PERSEVERANCE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q138_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q138_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether effeminacy* is opposed to perseverance? [*Mollities, literally 'softness']</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q138_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether pertinacity is opposed to perseverance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q139_A1','pSS_Q139_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q139_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q139.html">Question. 139 - OF THE GIFT OF FORTITUDE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q139_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q139_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fortitude is a gift?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q139_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the fourth beatitude: 'Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after justice,' corresponds to the gift + of fortitude? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q140_A1','pSS_Q140_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q140_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q140.html">Question. 140 - OF THE PRECEPTS OF FORTITUDE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q140_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q140_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the precepts of fortitude are suitably given in the Divine Law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q140_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the precepts of the parts of fortitude are suitably given in the Divine Law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q141_A1','pSS_Q141_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q141_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141.html">Question. 141 - OF TEMPERANCE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q141_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether temperance is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether temperance is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether temperance is only about desires and pleasures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether temperance is only about desires and pleasures of touch?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether temperance is about the pleasures proper to the taste?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the rule of temperance depends on the need of the present life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether temperance is a cardinal virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q141_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether temperance is the greatest of the virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q142_A1','pSS_Q142_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q142_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q142.html">Question. 142 - OF THE VICES OPPOSED TO TEMPERANCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q142_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q142_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether insensibility is a vice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q142_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether intemperance is a childish sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q142_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether cowardice* is a greater vice than intemperance? [*Cf. Q[125]]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q142_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether intemperance is the most disgraceful of sins?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q143_A1','pSS_Q143_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q143_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q143.html">Question. 143 - OF THE PARTS OF TEMPERANCE, IN GENERAL (ONE ARTICLE)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q143_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q143_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the parts of temperance are rightly assigned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q144_A1','pSS_Q144_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q144_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q144.html">Question. 144 - OF SHAMEFACEDNESS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q144_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q144_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether shamefacedness is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q144_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether shamefacedness is about a disgraceful action?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q144_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether man is more shamefaced of those who are more closely connected with him?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q144_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether even virtuous men can be ashamed?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q145_A1','pSS_Q145_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q145_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q145.html">Question. 145 - OF HONESTY* (FOUR ARTICLES) [*Honesty must be taken here in its broad sense as synonymous with moral goodness, + from the point of view of decorum.] + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q145_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q145_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether honesty is the same as virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q145_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the honest is the same as the beautiful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q145_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the honest differs from the useful and the pleasant?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q145_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether honesty should be reckoned a part of temperance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q146_A1','pSS_Q146_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q146_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q146.html">Question. 146 - OF ABSTINENCE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q146_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q146_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether abstinence is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q146_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether abstinence is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q147_A1','pSS_Q147_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q147_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147.html">Question. 147 - OF FASTING (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q147_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether fasting is an act of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether fasting is an act of abstinence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether fasting is a matter of precept?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all are bound to keep the fasts of the Church?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the times for the Church fast are fittingly ascribed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is requisite for fasting that one eat but once?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the ninth hour is suitably fixed for the faster's meal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q147_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it is fitting that those who fast should be bidden to abstain from flesh meat, eggs, and milk foods?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q148_A1','pSS_Q148_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q148_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q148.html">Question. 148 - OF GLUTTONY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q148_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q148_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether gluttony is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q148_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether gluttony is a mortal sin? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q148_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether gluttony is the greatest of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q148_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the species of gluttony are fittingly distinguished?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q148_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether gluttony is a capital vice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q148_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether six daughters are fittingly assigned to gluttony?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q149_A1','pSS_Q149_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q149_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q149.html">Question. 149 - OF SOBRIETY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q149_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q149_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether drink is the matter of sobriety?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q149_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sobriety is by itself a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q149_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the use of wine is altogether unlawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q149_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sobriety is more requisite in persons of greater standing?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q150_A1','pSS_Q150_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q150_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q150.html">Question. 150 - OF DRUNKENNESS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q150_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q150_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether drunkenness is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q150_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether drunkenness is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q150_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether drunkenness is the gravest of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q150_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether drunkenness excuses from sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q151_A1','pSS_Q151_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q151_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q151.html">Question. 151 - OF CHASTITY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q151_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q151_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether chastity is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q151_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether chastity is a general virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q151_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether chastity is a distinct virtue from abstinence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q151_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether purity belongs especially to chastity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q152_A1','pSS_Q152_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q152_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q152.html">Question. 152 - OF VIRGINITY (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q152_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q152_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether virginity consists in integrity of the flesh?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q152_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether virginity is unlawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q152_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether virginity is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q152_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether virginity is more excellent than marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q152_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether virginity is the greatest of virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q153_A1','pSS_Q153_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q153_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q153.html">Question. 153 - OF LUST (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q153_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q153_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the matter of lust is only venereal desires and pleasures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q153_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether no venereal act can be without sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q153_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the lust that is about venereal acts can be a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q153_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether lust is a capital vice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q153_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the daughters of lust are fittingly described?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q154_A1','pSS_Q154_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q154_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154.html">Question. 154 - OF THE PARTS OF LUST (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q154_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether six species are fittingly assigned to lust?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether simple fornication is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether fornication is the most grievous of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there can be mortal sin in touches and kisses?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether nocturnal pollution is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether seduction should be reckoned a species of lust?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether rape is a species of lust, distinct from seduction?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether adultery is determinate species of lust, distinct from the other species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether incest is a determinate species of lust?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether sacrilege can be a species of lust?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the unnatural vice is a species of lust?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q154_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the unnatural vice is the greatest sin among the species of lust?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q155_A1','pSS_Q155_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q155_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q155.html">Question. 155 - OF CONTINENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q155_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q155_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether continence is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q155_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether desires for pleasures of touch are the matter of continence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q155_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the subject of continence is the concupiscible power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q155_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether continence is better than temperance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q156_A1','pSS_Q156_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q156_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q156.html">Question. 156 - OF INCONTINENCE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q156_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q156_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether incontinence pertains to the soul or to the body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q156_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether incontinence is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q156_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the incontinent man sins more gravely than the intemperate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q156_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the incontinent in anger is worse than the incontinent in desire?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q157_A1','pSS_Q157_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q157_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q157.html">Question. 157 - OF CLEMENCY AND MEEKNESS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q157_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q157_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether clemency and meekness are absolutely the same?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q157_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether both clemency and meekness are virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q157_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the aforesaid virtues are parts of temperance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q157_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether clemency and meekness are the greatest virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q158_A1','pSS_Q158_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q158_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158.html">Question. 158 - OF ANGER (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q158_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful to be angry?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether anger is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all anger is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether anger is the most grievous sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the Philosopher suitably assigns the species of anger?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether anger should be reckoned among the capital vices?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether six daughters are fittingly assigned to anger?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q158_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether there is a vice opposed to anger resulting from lack of anger?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q159_A1','pSS_Q159_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q159_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q159.html">Question. 159 - OF CRUELTY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q159_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q159_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether cruelty is opposed to clemency?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q159_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether cruelty differs from savagery or brutality?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q160_A1','pSS_Q160_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q160_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q160.html">Question. 160 - OF MODESTY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q160_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q160_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether modesty is a part of temperance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q160_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether modesty is only about outward actions?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q161_A1','pSS_Q161_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q161_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q161.html">Question. 161 - OF HUMILITY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q161_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q161_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether humility is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q161_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether humility has to do with the appetite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q161_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one ought, by humility, to subject oneself to all men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q161_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether humility is a part of modesty or temperance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q161_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether humility is the greatest of the virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q161_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether twelve degrees of humility are fittingly distinguished in the Rule of the Blessed Benedict?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q162_A1','pSS_Q162_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q162_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162.html">Question. 162 - OF PRIDE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q162_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether pride is a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether pride is a special sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the subject of pride is the irascible faculty?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the four species of pride are fittingly assigned by Gregory?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether pride is a mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether pride is the most grievous of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether pride is the first sin of all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q162_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether pride should be reckoned a capital vice?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q163_A1','pSS_Q163_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q163_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q163.html">Question. 163 - OF THE FIRST MAN'S SIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q163_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q163_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether pride was the first man's first sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q163_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the first man's pride consisted in his coveting God's likeness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q163_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the sin of our first parents was more grievous than other sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q163_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Adam's sin was more grievous than Eve's?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q164_A1','pSS_Q164_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q164_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q164.html">Question. 164 - OF THE PUNISHMENTS OF THE FIRST MAN'S SIN (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q164_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q164_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether death is the punishment of our first parents' sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q164_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the particular punishments of our first parents are suitably appointed in Scripture?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q165_A1','pSS_Q165_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q165_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q165.html">Question. 165 - OF OUR FIRST PARENTS' TEMPTATION (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q165_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q165_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting for man to be tempted by the devil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q165_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the manner and order of the first temptation was fitting?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q166_A1','pSS_Q166_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q166_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q166.html">Question. 166 - OF STUDIOUSNESS (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q166_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q166_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the proper matter of studiousness is knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q166_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether studiousness is a part of temperance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q167_A1','pSS_Q167_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q167_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q167.html">Question. 167 - OF CURIOSITY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q167_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q167_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether curiosity can be about intellective knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q167_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the vice of curiosity is about sensitive knowledge?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q168_A1','pSS_Q168_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q168_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q168.html">Question. 168 - OF MODESTY AS CONSISTING IN THE OUTWARD MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q168_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q168_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any virtue regards the outward movements of the body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q168_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there can be a virtue about games?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q168_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there can be sin in the excess of play?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q168_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there is a sin in lack of mirth?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q169_A1','pSS_Q169_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q169_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q169.html">Question. 169 - OF MODESTY IN THE OUTWARD APPAREL (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q169_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q169_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there can be virtue and vice in connection with outward apparel?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q169_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the adornment of women is devoid of mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q170_A1','pSS_Q170_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q170_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q170.html">Question. 170 - OF THE PRECEPTS OF TEMPERANCE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q170_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q170_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the precepts of temperance are suitably given in the Divine law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q170_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the precepts of the virtues annexed to temperance are suitably given in the Divine law?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q171','pSS_Q171')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q171" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS.iv.html">TREATISE ON GRATUITOUS GRACES (QQ[171]-182)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q171"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q171_A1','pSS_Q171_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q171_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q171.html">Question. 171 - OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q171_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q171_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether prophecy pertains to knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q171_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether prophecy is a habit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q171_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether prophecy is only about future contingencies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q171_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether by the Divine revelation a prophet knows all that can be known prophetically?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q171_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the prophet always distinguishes what he says by his own spirit from what he says by the prophetic spirit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q171_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether things known or declared prophetically can be false?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q172_A1','pSS_Q172_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q172_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q172.html">Question. 172 - OF THE CAUSE OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q172_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q172_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether prophecy can be natural?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q172_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether prophetic revelation comes through the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q172_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a natural disposition is requisite for prophecy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q172_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a good life is requisite for prophecy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q172_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether any prophecy comes from the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q172_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the prophets of the demons ever foretell the truth?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q173_A1','pSS_Q173_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q173_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q173.html">Question. 173 - OF THE MANNER IN WHICH PROPHETIC KNOWLEDGE IS CONVEYED (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q173_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q173_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the prophets see the very essence of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q173_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether, in prophetic revelation, new species of things are impressed on the prophet's mind, or merely a new + light? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q173_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the prophetic vision is always accompanied by abstraction from the senses?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q173_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether prophets always know the things which they prophesy?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q174_A1','pSS_Q174_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q174_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q174.html">Question. 174 - OF THE DIVISION OF PROPHECY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q174_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q174_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether prophecy is fittingly divided into the prophecy of divine predestination, of foreknowledge, and of denunciation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q174_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the prophecy which is accompanied by intellective and imaginative vision is more excellent than that + which is accompanied by intellective vision alone? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q174_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the degrees of prophecy can be distinguished according to the imaginary vision?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q174_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Moses was the greatest of the prophets?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q174_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there is a degree of prophecy in the blessed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q174_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the degrees of prophecy change as time goes on?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q175_A1','pSS_Q175_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q175_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q175.html">Question. 175 - OF RAPTURE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q175_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q175_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the soul of man is carried away to things divine?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q175_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether rapture pertains to the cognitive rather than to the appetitive power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q175_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Paul, when in rapture, saw the essence of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q175_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Paul, when in rapture, was withdrawn from his senses?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q175_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether, while in this state, Paul's soul was wholly separated from his body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q175_A6.html">Article. 6 - Did Paul know whether his soul were separated from his body?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q176_A1','pSS_Q176_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q176_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q176.html">Question. 176 - OF THE GRACE OF TONGUES (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q176_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q176_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether those who received the gift of tongues spoke in every language?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q176_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the gift of tongues is more excellent than the grace of prophecy?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q177_A1','pSS_Q177_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q177_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q177.html">Question. 177 - OF THE GRATUITOUS GRACE CONSISTING IN WORDS (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q177_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q177_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any gratuitous grace attaches to words?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q177_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the grace of the word of wisdom and knowledge is becoming to women?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q178_A1','pSS_Q178_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q178_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q178.html">Question. 178 - OF THE GRACE OF MIRACLES (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q178_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q178_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is a gratuitous grace of working miracles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q178_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the wicked can work miracles?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q179_A1','pSS_Q179_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q179_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q179.html">Question. 179 - OF THE DIVISION OF LIFE INTO ACTIVE AND CONTEMPLATIVE (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q179_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q179_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether life is fittingly divided into active and contemplative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q179_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether life is adequately divided into active and contemplative?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q180_A1','pSS_Q180_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q180_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180.html">Question. 180 - OF THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q180_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the contemplative life has nothing to do with the affections, and pertains wholly to the intellect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the moral virtues pertain to the contemplative life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there are various actions pertaining to the contemplative life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the contemplative life consists in the mere contemplation of God, or also in the consideration of any + truth whatever? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether in the present state of life the contemplative life can reach to the vision of the Divine essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the operation of contemplation is fittingly divided into a threefold movement, circular, straight and + oblique? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether there is delight in contemplation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q180_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the contemplative life is continuous?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q181_A1','pSS_Q181_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q181_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q181.html">Question. 181 - OF THE ACTIVE LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q181_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q181_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all the actions of the moral virtues pertain to the active life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q181_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether prudence pertains to the active life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q181_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether teaching is a work of the active or of the contemplative life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q181_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the active life remains after this life?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q182_A1','pSS_Q182_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q182_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q182.html">Question. 182 - OF THE ACTIVE LIFE IN COMPARISON WITH THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q182_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q182_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the active life is more excellent than the contemplative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q182_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the active life is of greater merit than the contemplative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q182_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the contemplative life is hindered by the active life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q182_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the active life precedes the contemplative?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q183','pSS_Q183')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q183" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS.v.html">TREATISE ON THE STATES OF LIFE (QQ[183]-189)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q183"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q183_A1','pSS_Q183_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q183_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q183.html">Question. 183 - OF MAN'S VARIOUS DUTIES AND STATES IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q183_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q183_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the notion of a state denotes a condition of freedom or servitude?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q183_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there should be different duties or states in the Church?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q183_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether duties differ according to their actions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q183_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the difference of states applies to those who are beginning, progressing, or perfect?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q184_A1','pSS_Q184_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q184_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184.html">Question. 184 - OF THE STATE OF PERFECTION IN GENERAL (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q184_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the perfection of the Christian life consists chiefly in charity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether any one can be perfect in this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether, in this life, perfection consists in the observance of the commandments or of the counsels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether whoever is perfect is in the state of perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether religious and prelates are in the state of perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether all ecclesiastical prelates are in the state of perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the religious state is more perfect than that of prelates?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q184_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether parish priests and archdeacons are more perfect than religious?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q185_A1','pSS_Q185_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q185_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185.html">Question. 185 - OF THINGS PERTAINING TO THE EPISCOPAL STATE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q185_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful to desire the office of a bishop?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful for a man to refuse absolutely an appointment to the episcopate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether he that is appointed to the episcopate ought to be better than others?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a bishop may lawfully forsake the episcopal cure, in order to enter religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is lawful for a bishop on account of bodily persecution to abandon the flock committed to his care?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is lawful for a bishop to have property of his own?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether bishops sin mortally if they distribute not to the poor the ecclesiastical goods which accrue to them?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q185_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether religious who are raised to the episcopate are bound to religious observances?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q186_A1','pSS_Q186_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q186_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186.html">Question. 186 - OF THOSE THINGS IN WHICH THE RELIGIOUS STATE PROPERLY CONSISTS (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q186_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether religion implies a state of perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether every religious is bound to keep all the counsels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether poverty is required for religious perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether perpetual continence is required for religious perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether obedience belongs to religious perfection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is requisite for religious perfection that poverty, continence, and obedience should come under a + vow? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it is right to say that religious perfection consists in these three vows?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the vow of obedience is the chief of the three religious vows?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether a religious sins mortally whenever he transgresses the things contained in his rule?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q186_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether a religious sins more grievously than a secular by the same kind of sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q187_A1','pSS_Q187_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q187_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q187.html">Question. 187 - OF THOSE THINGS THAT ARE COMPETENT TO RELIGIOUS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q187_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q187_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful for religious to teach, preach, and the like?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q187_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is lawful for religious to occupy themselves with secular business?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q187_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether religious are bound to manual labor?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q187_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful for religious to live on alms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q187_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is lawful for religious to beg?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q187_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is lawful for religious to wear coarser clothes than others?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q188_A1','pSS_Q188_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q188_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188.html">Question. 188 - OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF RELIGIOUS LIFE (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q188_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is only one religious order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a religious order should be established for the works of the active life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a religious order can be directed to soldiering?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a religious order can be established for preaching or hearing confessions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a religious order should be established for the purpose of study?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether a religious order that is devoted to the contemplative life is more excellent than on that is given + to the active life? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether religious perfection is diminished by possessing something in common?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q188_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the religious life of those who live in community is more perfect than that of those who lead a solitary + life? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dSS_Q189_A1','pSS_Q189_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pSS_Q189_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189.html">Question. 189 - OF THE ENTRANCE INTO RELIGIOUS LIFE (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dSS_Q189_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether those who are not practiced in keeping the commandments should enter religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether one ought to be bound by vow to enter religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one who is bound by a vow to enter religion is under an obligation of entering religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether he who has vowed to enter religion is bound to remain in religion in perpetuity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether children should be received in religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether one ought to be withdrawn from entering religion through deference to one's parents?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether parish priests may lawfully enter religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it is lawful to pass from one religious order to another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether one ought to induce others to enter religion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.SS_Q189_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether it is praiseworthy to enter religion without taking counsel of many, and previously deliberating for + a long time? + </a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP.i','pTP.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP.html">Third Part (TP) of the Summa Theologica (QQ[1] - 90)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP.i"> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP.i.html">Prologue</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q1','pTP_Q1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP.ii.html">TREATISE ON THE INCARNATION (QQ[1]-59)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q1"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q1_A1','pTP_Q1_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q1_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q1.html">Question. 1 - OF THE FITNESS OF THE INCARNATION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q1_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q1_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that God should become incarnate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q1_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was necessary for the restoration of the human race that the Word of God should become incarnate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q1_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether, if man had not sinned, God would have become incarnate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q1_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether God became incarnate in order to take away actual sin, rather than to take away original sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q1_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it was fitting that God should become incarnate in the beginning of the human race?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q1_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the Incarnation ought to have been put off till the end of the world?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q2_A1','pTP_Q2_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q2_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2.html">Question. 2 - OF THE MODE OF UNION OF THE WORD INCARNATE (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q2_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Union of the Incarnate Word took place in the nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the union of the Incarnate Word took place in the Person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the union of the Word Incarnate took place in the suppositum or hypostasis?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether after the Incarnation the Person or Hypostasis of Christ is composite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether in Christ there is any union of soul and body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the human nature was united to the Word of God accidentally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the union of the Divine nature and the human is anything created?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether union is the same as assumption?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the union of the two natures in Christ is the greatest of all unions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the union of the Incarnation took place by grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether any merits preceded the union of the Incarnation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q2_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the grace of union was natural to the man Christ?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q3_A1','pTP_Q3_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q3_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3.html">Question. 3 - OF THE MODE OF UNION ON THE PART OF THE PERSON ASSUMING (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q3_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is befitting for a Divine Person to assume?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is befitting to the Divine Nature to assume?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Nature abstracted from the Personality can assume?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether one Person without another can assume a created nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether each of the Divine Persons could have assumed human nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether several Divine Persons can assume one and the same individual nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether one Divine Person can assume two human natures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q3_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it was more fitting that the Person of the Son rather than any other Divine Person should assume human + nature? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q4_A1','pTP_Q4_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q4_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q4.html">Question. 4 - OF THE MODE OF UNION ON THE PART OF THE HUMAN NATURE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q4_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q4_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether human nature was more assumable by the Son of God than any other nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q4_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Son of God assumed a person? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q4_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Divine Person assumed a man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q4_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed human nature abstracted from all individuals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q4_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed human nature in all individuals?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q4_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it was fitting for the Son of God to assume human nature of the stock of Adam?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q5_A1','pTP_Q5_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q5_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q5.html">Question. 5 - OF THE PARTS OF HUMAN NATURE WHICH WERE ASSUMED (FOUR ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q5_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q5_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed a true body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q5_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Son of God ought to have assumed a carnal or earthly body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q5_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Son of God assumed a soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q5_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Son of God assumed a human mind or intellect?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q6_A1','pTP_Q6_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q6_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q6.html">Question. 6 - OF THE ORDER OF ASSUMPTION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q6_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q6_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Son of God assumed flesh through the medium of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q6_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Son of God assumed a soul through the medium of the spirit or mind?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q6_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the soul was assumed before the flesh by the Son of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q6_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the flesh of Christ was assumed by the Word before being united to the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q6_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the whole human nature was assumed through the medium of the parts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q6_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the human nature was assumed through the medium of grace?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q7_A1','pTP_Q7_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q7_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7.html">Question. 7 - OF THE GRACE OF CHRIST AS AN INDIVIDUAL MAN (THIRTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q7_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in the Soul of Christ there was any habitual grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in Christ there were virtues?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether in Christ there was faith?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in Christ there was hope?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether in Christ there were the gifts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether in Christ there was the gift of fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the gratuitous graces were in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether in Christ there was the gift of prophecy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether in Christ there was the fulness of grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the fulness of grace is proper to Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the grace of Christ is infinite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the grace of Christ could increase?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q7_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether the habitual grace of Christ followed after the union?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q8_A1','pTP_Q8_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q8_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8.html">Question. 8 - OF THE GRACE OF CHRIST, AS HE IS THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q8_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ is the Head of the Church?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ is the Head of men as to their bodies or only as to their souls?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ is the Head of all men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ is the Head of the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the grace of Christ, as Head of the Church, is the same as His habitual grace, inasmuch as He is Man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is proper to Christ to be Head of the Church?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the devil is the head of all the wicked?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q8_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Anti-christ may be called the head of all the wicked?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q9_A1','pTP_Q9_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q9_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q9.html">Question. 9 - OF CHRIST'S KNOWLEDGE IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q9_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q9_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ had any knowledge besides the Divine?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q9_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ had the knowledge which the blessed or comprehensors have?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q9_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ had an imprinted or infused knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q9_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ had any acquired knowledge?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q10_A1','pTP_Q10_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q10_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q10.html">Question. 10 - OF THE BEATIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q10_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q10_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the soul of Christ comprehended the Word or the Divine Essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q10_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Son of God knew all things in the Word?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q10_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the soul of Christ can know the infinite in the Word?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q10_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the soul of Christ sees the Word or the Divine Essence more clearly than does any other creature?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q11_A1','pTP_Q11_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q11_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q11.html">Question. 11 - OF THE KNOWLEDGE IMPRINTED OR INFUSED IN THE SOUL OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q11_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q11_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether by this imprinted or infused knowledge Christ knew all things?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q11_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ could use this knowledge by turning to phantasms?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q11_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether this knowledge is collative?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q11_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in Christ this knowledge was greater than the knowledge of the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q11_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether this knowledge was habitual?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q11_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether this knowledge was distinguished by divers habits?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q12_A1','pTP_Q12_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q12_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q12.html">Question. 12 - OF THE ACQUIRED OR EMPIRIC KNOWLEDGE OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q12_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q12_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ knew all things by this acquired or empiric knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q12_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ advanced in acquired or empiric knowledge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q12_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ learned anything from man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q12_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ received knowledge from the angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q13_A1','pTP_Q13_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q13_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q13.html">Question. 13 - OF THE POWER OF CHRIST'S SOUL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q13_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q13_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q13_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence with regard to the transmutation of creatures?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q13_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence with regard to His own body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q13_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the soul of Christ had omnipotence as regards the execution of His will?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q14_A1','pTP_Q14_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q14_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q14.html">Question. 14 - OF THE DEFECTS OF BODY ASSUMED BY THE SON OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q14_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q14_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Son of God in human nature ought to have assumed defects of body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q14_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ was of necessity subject to these defects?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q14_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ contracted these defects?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q14_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ ought to have assumed all the bodily defects of men?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q15_A1','pTP_Q15_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q15_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15.html">Question. 15 - OF THE DEFECTS OF SOUL ASSUMED BY CHRIST (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q15_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there was sin in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there was the 'fomes' of sin in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether in Christ there was ignorance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ's soul was passible?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there was sensible pain in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there was sorrow in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether there was fear in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether there was wonder in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether there was anger in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q15_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether Christ was at once a wayfarer and a comprehensor?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q16_A1','pTP_Q16_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q16_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16.html">Question. 16 - OF THOSE THINGS WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO CHRIST IN HIS BEING AND BECOMING (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q16_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether this is true: 'God is man'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this is true: 'Man is God'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ can be called a lordly man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether what belongs to the human nature can be predicated of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether what belongs to the human nature can be predicated of the Divine Nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether this is true: 'God was made man'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether this is true: 'Man was made God'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether this is true: 'Christ is a creature'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether this Man, i.e. Christ, began to be?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether this is true: 'Christ as Man is a creature'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether this is true: 'Christ as Man is God'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q16_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether this is true: 'Christ as Man is a hypostasis or person'?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q17_A1','pTP_Q17_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q17_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q17.html">Question. 17 - OF CHRIST'S UNITY OF BEING (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q17_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q17_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ is one or two?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q17_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there is only one being in Christ?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q18_A1','pTP_Q18_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q18_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q18.html">Question. 18 - OF CHRIST'S UNITY OF WILL (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q18_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q18_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are two wills in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q18_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in Christ there was a will of sensuality besides the will of reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q18_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether in Christ there were two wills as regards the reason?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q18_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there was free-will in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q18_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the human will of Christ was altogether conformed to the Divine will in the thing willed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q18_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether there was contrariety of wills in Christ? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q19_A1','pTP_Q19_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q19_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q19.html">Question. 19 - OF THE UNITY OF CHRIST'S OPERATION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q19_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q19_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in Christ there is only one operation of the Godhead and Manhood?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q19_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in Christ there are several human operations?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q19_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the human action of Christ could be meritorious to Him?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q19_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ could merit for others?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q20_A1','pTP_Q20_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q20_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q20.html">Question. 20 - OF CHRIST'S SUBJECTION TO THE FATHER (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q20_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q20_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether we may say that Christ is subject to the Father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q20_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ is subject to Himself?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q21_A1','pTP_Q21_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q21_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q21.html">Question. 21 - OF CHRIST'S PRAYER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q21_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q21_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is becoming of Christ to pray?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q21_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it pertains to Christ to pray according to His sensuality?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q21_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it was fitting that Christ should pray for Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q21_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ's prayer was always heard?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q22_A1','pTP_Q22_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q22_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q22.html">Question. 22 - OF THE PRIESTHOOD OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q22_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q22_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is fitting that Christ should be a priest?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q22_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ was Himself both priest and victim?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q22_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the effect of Christ's priesthood is the expiation of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q22_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the effect of the priesthood of Christ pertained not only to others, but also to Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q22_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the priesthood of Christ endures for ever?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q22_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the priesthood of Christ was according to the order of Melchisedech?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q23_A1','pTP_Q23_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q23_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q23.html">Question. 23 - OF ADOPTION AS BEFITTING TO CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q23_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q23_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is fitting that God should adopt sons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q23_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is fitting that the whole Trinity should adopt?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q23_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is proper to the rational nature to be adopted?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q23_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ as man is the adopted Son of God?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q24_A1','pTP_Q24_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q24_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q24.html">Question. 24 - OF THE PREDESTINATION OF CHRIST (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q24_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q24_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is befitting that Christ should be predestinated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q24_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this proposition is false: 'Christ as man was predestinated to be the Son of God'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q24_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's predestination is the exemplar of ours?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q24_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ's predestination is the cause of ours?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q25_A1','pTP_Q25_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q25_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q25.html">Question. 25 - OF THE ADORATION OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q25_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q25_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ's humanity and Godhead are to be adored with the same adoration?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q25_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's humanity should be adored with the adoration of 'latria'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q25_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the image of Christ should be adored with the adoration of 'latria'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q25_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ's cross should be worshipped with the adoration of 'latria'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q25_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the Mother of God should be worshipped with the adoration of 'latria'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q25_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether any kind of worship is due to the relics of the saints?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q26_A1','pTP_Q26_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q26_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q26.html">Question. 26 - OF CHRIST AS CALLED THE MEDIATOR OF GOD AND MAN (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q26_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q26_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is proper to Christ to be the Mediator of God and man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q26_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ, is the Mediator of God and men?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q27_A1','pTP_Q27_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q27_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q27.html">Question. 27 - OF THE SANCTIFICATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q27_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q27_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Blessed Virgin was sanctified before her birth from the womb?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q27_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Blessed Virgin was sanctified before animation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q27_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Blessed Virgin was cleansed from the infection of the fomes?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q27_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether by being sanctified in the womb the Blessed Virgin was preserved from all actual sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q27_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether, by her sanctification in the womb, the Blessed Virgin received the fulness of grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q27_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether after Christ, it was proper to the Blessed Virgin to be sanctified in the womb?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q28_A1','pTP_Q28_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q28_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q28.html">Question. 28 - OF THE VIRGINITY OF THE MOTHER OF GOD (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q28_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q28_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Mother of God was a virgin in conceiving Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q28_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's Mother was a virgin in His birth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q28_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's Mother remained a virgin after His birth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q28_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Mother of God took a vow of virginity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q29_A1','pTP_Q29_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q29_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q29.html">Question. 29 - OF THE ESPOUSALS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q29_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q29_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ should have been born of an espoused virgin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q29_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there was a true marriage between Mary and Joseph?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q30_A1','pTP_Q30_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q30_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q30.html">Question. 30 - OF THE ANNUNCIATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q30_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q30_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was necessary to announce to the Blessed Virgin that which was to be done in her?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q30_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the annunciation should have been made by an angel to the Blessed Virgin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q30_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angel of annunciation should have appeared to the Virgin in a bodily vision?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q30_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Annunciation took place in becoming order?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q31_A1','pTP_Q31_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q31_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31.html">Question. 31 - OF THE MATTER FROM WHICH THE SAVIOUR'S BODY WAS CONCEIVED (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q31_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the flesh of Christ was derived from Adam?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ took flesh of the seed of David?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's genealogy is suitably traced by the evangelists?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the matter of Christ's body should have been taken from a woman?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the flesh of Christ was conceived of the Virgin's purest blood?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ's body was in Adam and the other patriarchs, as to something signate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether Christ's flesh in the patriarchs was infected by sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q31_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Christ paid tithes in Abraham's loins?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q32_A1','pTP_Q32_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q32_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q32.html">Question. 32 - OF THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE IN CHRIST'S CONCEPTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q32_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q32_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the accomplishment of Christ's conception should be attributed to the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q32_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it should be said that Christ was conceived of [de] the Holy Ghost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q32_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Holy Ghost should be called Christ's father in respect of His humanity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q32_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Blessed Virgin cooperated actively in the conception of Christ's body?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q33_A1','pTP_Q33_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q33_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q33.html">Question. 33 - OF THE MODE AND ORDER OF CHRIST'S CONCEPTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q33_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q33_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ's body was formed in the first instant of its conception?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q33_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's body was animated in the first instant of its conception?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q33_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's flesh was first of all conceived and afterwards assumed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q33_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ's conception was natural?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q34_A1','pTP_Q34_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q34_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q34.html">Question. 34 - OF THE PERFECTION OF THE CHILD CONCEIVED (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q34_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q34_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ was sanctified in the first instant of His conception?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q34_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ as man had the use of free-will in the first instant of His conception?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q34_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ could merit in the first instant of His conception?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q34_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ was a perfect comprehensor in the first instant of His conception?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q35_A1','pTP_Q35_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q35_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35.html">Question. 35 - OF CHRIST'S NATIVITY (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q35_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether nativity regards the nature rather than the person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a temporal nativity should be attributed to Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Blessed Virgin can be called Christ's Mother in respect of His temporal nativity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the Blessed Virgin should be called the Mother of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether there are two filiations in Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ was born without His Mother suffering?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether Christ should have been born in Bethlehem?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q35_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Christ was born at a fitting time?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q36_A1','pTP_Q36_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q36_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36.html">Question. 36 - OF THE MANIFESTATION OF THE NEWLY BORN CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q36_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ's birth should have been made known to all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's birth should have been made known to some?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether those to whom Christ's birth was made known were suitably chosen?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ Himself should have made His birth know?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ's birth should have been manifested by means of the angels and the star?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ's birth was made known in a becoming order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the star which appeared to the Magi belonged to the heavenly system?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q36_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it was becoming that the Magi should come to adore Christ and pay homage to Him?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q37_A1','pTP_Q37_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q37_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q37.html">Question. 37 - OF CHRIST'S CIRCUMCISION, AND OF THE OTHER LEGAL OBSERVANCES ACCOMPLISHED IN REGARD TO THE CHILD CHRIST (FOUR + ARTICLES) + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q37_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q37_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ should have been circumcised?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q37_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether His name was suitably given to Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q37_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ was becomingly presented in the temple?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q37_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it was fitting that the Mother of God should go to the temple to be purified?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q38_A1','pTP_Q38_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q38_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q38.html">Question. 38 - OF THE BAPTISM OF JOHN (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q38_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q38_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that John should baptize?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q38_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the baptism of John was from God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q38_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether grace was given in the baptism of John?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q38_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ alone should have been baptized with the baptism of John?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q38_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether John's baptism should have ceased after Christ was baptized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q38_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether those who had been baptized with John's baptism had to be baptized with the baptism of Christ?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q39_A1','pTP_Q39_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q39_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39.html">Question. 39 - OF THE BAPTIZING OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q39_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that Christ should be baptized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was fitting for Christ to be baptized with John's baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ was baptized at a fitting time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ should have been baptized in the Jordan?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the heavens should have been opened unto Christ at His baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is fitting to say that when Christ was baptized the Holy Ghost came down on Him in the form of a + dove? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the dove in which the Holy Ghost appeared was real?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q39_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it was becoming, when Christ was baptized that the Father's voice should be heard, bearing witness to + the Son? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q40_A1','pTP_Q40_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q40_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q40.html">Question. 40 - OF CHRIST'S MANNER OF LIFE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q40_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q40_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ should have associated with men, or led a solitary life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q40_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was becoming that Christ should lead an austere life in this world?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q40_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ should have led a life of poverty in this world?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q40_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ conformed His conduct to the Law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q41_A1','pTP_Q41_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q41_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q41.html">Question. 41 - OF CHRIST'S TEMPTATION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q41_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q41_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was becoming that Christ should be tempted?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q41_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ should have been tempted in the desert?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q41_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's temptation should have taken place after His fast?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q41_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the mode and order of the temptation were becoming?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q42_A1','pTP_Q42_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q42_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q42.html">Question. 42 - OF CHRIST'S DOCTRINE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q42_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q42_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ should have preached not only to the Jews, but also to the Gentiles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q42_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ should have preached to the Jews without offending them?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q42_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ should have taught all things openly?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q42_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ should have committed His doctrine to writing?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q43_A1','pTP_Q43_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q43_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q43.html">Question. 43 - OF THE MIRACLES WORKED BY CHRIST, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q43_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q43_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ should have worked miracles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q43_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ worked miracles by Divine power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q43_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ began to work miracles when He changed water into wine at the marriage feast?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q43_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the miracles which Christ worked were a sufficient proof of His Godhead?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q44_A1','pTP_Q44_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q44_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q44.html">Question. 44 - OF (CHRIST'S) MIRACLES CONSIDERED SPECIFICALLY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q44_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q44_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether those miracles were fitting which Christ worked in spiritual substances?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q44_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was fitting that Christ should work miracles in the heavenly bodies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q44_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ worked miracles fittingly on men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q44_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ worked miracles fittingly on irrational creatures?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q45_A1','pTP_Q45_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q45_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q45.html">Question. 45 - OF CHRIST'S TRANSFIGURATION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q45_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q45_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that Christ should be transfigured?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q45_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this clarity was the clarity of glory?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q45_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the witnesses of the transfiguration were fittingly chosen?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q45_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the testimony of the Father's voice, saying, 'This is My beloved Son,' was fittingly added?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q46_A1','pTP_Q46_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q46_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46.html">Question. 46 - THE PASSION OF CHRIST (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q46_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was necessary for Christ to suffer for the deliverance of the human race?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there was any other possible way of human deliverance besides the Passion of Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there was any more suitable way of delivering the human race than by Christ's Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ ought to have suffered on the cross?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ endured all suffering?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the pain of Christ's Passion was greater than all other pains?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether Christ suffered in His whole soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Christ's entire soul enjoyed blessed fruition during the Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether Christ suffered at a suitable time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether Christ suffered in a suitable place?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether it was fitting for Christ to be crucified with thieves?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q46_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether Christ's Passion is to be attributed to His Godhead?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q47_A1','pTP_Q47_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q47_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q47.html">Question. 47 - OF THE EFFICIENT CAUSE OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q47_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q47_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ was slain by another or by Himself?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q47_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ died out of obedience?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q47_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God the Father delivered up Christ to the Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q47_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it was fitting for Christ to suffer at the hands of the Gentiles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q47_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ's persecutors knew who He was?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q47_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the sin of those who crucified Christ was most grievous?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q48_A1','pTP_Q48_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q48_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q48.html">Question. 48 - OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q48_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q48_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation by way of merit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q48_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation by way of atonement?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q48_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's Passion operated by way of sacrifice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q48_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation by way of redemption?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q48_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is proper to Christ to be the Redeemer?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q48_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ's Passion brought about our salvation efficiently?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q49_A1','pTP_Q49_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q49_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q49.html">Question. 49 - OF THE EFFECTS OF CHRIST'S PASSION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q49_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q49_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether we were delivered from sin through Christ's Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q49_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether we were delivered from the devil's power through Christ's Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q49_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether men were freed from the punishment of sin through Christ's Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q49_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether we were reconciled to God through Christ's Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q49_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ opened the gate of heaven to us by His Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q49_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether by His Passion Christ merited to be exalted?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q50_A1','pTP_Q50_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q50_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q50.html">Question. 50 - OF THE DEATH OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q50_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q50_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting that Christ should die?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q50_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Godhead was separated from the flesh when Christ died?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q50_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether in Christ's death there was a severance between His Godhead and His soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q50_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ was a man during the three days of His death?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q50_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ's was identically the same body living and dead?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q50_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ's death conduced in any way to our salvation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q51_A1','pTP_Q51_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q51_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q51.html">Question. 51 - OF CHRIST'S BURIAL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q51_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q51_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting for Christ to be buried?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q51_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ was buried in a becoming manner?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q51_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's body was reduced to dust in the tomb?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q51_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ was in the tomb only one day and two nights?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q52_A1','pTP_Q52_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q52_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52.html">Question. 52 - OF CHRIST'S DESCENT INTO HELL (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q52_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting for Christ to descend into hell?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ went down into the hell of the lost?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the whole Christ was in hell?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ made any stay in hell?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ descending into hell delivered the holy Fathers from thence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ delivered any of the lost from hell?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the children who died in original sin were delivered by Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q52_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Christ by His descent into hell delivered souls from purgatory?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q53_A1','pTP_Q53_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q53_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q53.html">Question. 53 - OF CHRIST'S RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q53_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q53_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was necessary for Christ to rise again?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q53_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was fitting for Christ to rise again on the third day?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q53_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ was the first to rise from the dead?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q53_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ was the cause of His own Resurrection?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q54_A1','pTP_Q54_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q54_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q54.html">Question. 54 - OF THE QUALITY OF CHRIST RISING AGAIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q54_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q54_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ had a true body after His Resurrection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q54_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's body rose glorified? [*Some editions give this article as the third, following the order of + the introduction to the question. But this is evident from the first sentence of the body of A[3] (A[2] in the aforesaid + editions), that the order of the Leonine edition is correct.] + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q54_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ's body rose again entire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q54_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ's body ought to have risen with its scars?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q55_A1','pTP_Q55_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q55_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q55.html">Question. 55 - OF THE MANIFESTATION OF THE RESURRECTION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q55_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q55_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ's Resurrection ought to have been manifested to all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q55_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was fitting that the disciples should see Him rise again?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q55_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ ought to have lived constantly with His disciples after the Resurrection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q55_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ should have appeared to the disciples 'in another shape'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q55_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ should have demonstrated the truth of His Resurrection by proofs?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q55_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the proofs which Christ made use of manifested sufficiently the truth of His Resurrection?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q56_A1','pTP_Q56_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q56_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q56.html">Question. 56 - OF THE CAUSALITY OF CHRIST'S RESURRECTION (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q56_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q56_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ's Resurrection is the cause of the resurrection of our bodies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q56_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's Resurrection is the cause of the resurrection of souls?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q57_A1','pTP_Q57_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q57_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q57.html">Question. 57 - OF THE ASCENSION OF CHRIST (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q57_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q57_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it was fitting for Christ to ascend into heaven?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q57_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ's Ascension into heaven belonged to Him according to His Divine Nature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q57_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ ascended by His own power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q57_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ ascended above all the heavens?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q57_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ's body ascended above every spiritual creature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q57_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ's Ascension is the cause of our salvation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q58_A1','pTP_Q58_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q58_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q58.html">Question. 58 - OF CHRIST'S SITTING AT THE RIGHT HAND OF THE FATHER (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q58_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q58_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is fitting that Christ should sit at the right hand of God the Father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q58_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it belongs to Christ as God to sit at the right hand of the Father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q58_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it belongs to Christ as man to sit at the right hand of the Father?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q58_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is proper to Christ to sit at the right hand of the Father?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q59_A1','pTP_Q59_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q59_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q59.html">Question. 59 - OF CHRIST'S JUDICIARY POWER (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q59_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q59_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether judiciary power is to be specially attributed to Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q59_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether judiciary power belongs to Christ as man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q59_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ acquired His judiciary power by His merits?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q59_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether judiciary power belongs to Christ with respect to all human affairs?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q59_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether after the Judgment that takes place in the present time, there remains yet another General Judgment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q59_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ's judiciary power extends to the angels?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q60','pTP_Q60')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q60" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP.iii.html">TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENTS (QQ[60]-90)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q60"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q60_A1','pTP_Q60_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q60_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60.html">Question. 60 - WHAT IS A SACRAMENT? (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q60_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a sacrament is a kind of sign?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether every sign of a holy thing is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a sacrament is a sign of one thing only?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a sacrament is always something sensible?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether determinate things are required for a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether words are required for the signification of the sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether determinate words are required in the sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q60_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it is lawful to add anything to the words in which the sacramental form consists?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q61_A1','pTP_Q61_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q61_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q61.html">Question. 61 - OF THE NECESSITY OF THE SACRAMENTS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q61_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q61_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sacraments are necessary for man's salvation? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q61_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether before sin sacraments were necessary to man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q61_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there should have been sacraments after sin, before Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q61_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there was need for any sacraments after Christ came?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q62_A1','pTP_Q62_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q62_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q62.html">Question. 62 - OF THE SACRAMENTS' PRINCIPAL EFFECT, WHICH IS GRACE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q62_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q62_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the sacraments are the cause of grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q62_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sacramental grace confers anything in addition to the grace of the virtues and gifts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q62_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the sacraments of the New Law contain grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q62_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether there be in the sacraments a power of causing grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q62_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the sacraments of the New Law derive their power from Christ's Passion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q62_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the sacraments of the Old Law caused grace?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q63_A1','pTP_Q63_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q63_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q63.html">Question. 63 - OF THE OTHER EFFECT OF THE SACRAMENTS, WHICH IS A CHARACTER (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q63_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q63_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a sacrament imprints a character on the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q63_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a character is a spiritual power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q63_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the sacramental character is the character of Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q63_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the character be subjected in the powers of the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q63_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a character can be blotted out from the soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q63_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether a character is imprinted by each sacrament of the New Law?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q64_A1','pTP_Q64_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q64_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64.html">Question. 64 - OF THE CAUSES OF THE SACRAMENTS (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q64_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether God alone, or the minister also, works inwardly unto the sacramental effect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the sacraments are instituted by God alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ as man had the power of producing the inward sacramental effect?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Christ could communicate to ministers the power which He had in the sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the sacraments can be conferred by evil ministers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether wicked men sin in administering the sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether angels can administer sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the minister's intention is required for the validity of a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether faith is required of necessity in the minister of a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q64_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the validity of a sacrament requires a good intention in the minister?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q65_A1','pTP_Q65_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q65_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q65.html">Question. 65 - OF THE NUMBER OF THE SACRAMENTS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q65_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q65_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there should be seven sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q65_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the order of the sacraments, as given above, is becoming?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q65_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Eucharist is the greatest of the sacraments?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q65_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all the sacraments are necessary for salvation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q66_A1','pTP_Q66_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q66_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66.html">Question. 66 - OF THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q66_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Baptism is the mere washing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Baptism was instituted after Christ's Passion? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether water is the proper matter of Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether plain water is necessary for Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether this be a suitable form of Baptism: 'I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of + the Holy Ghost'? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Baptism can be conferred in the name of Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether immersion in water is necessary for Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether trine immersion is essential to Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether Baptism may be reiterated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the Church observes a suitable rite in baptizing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether three kinds of Baptism are fittingly described---viz. Baptism of Water, of Blood, and of the Spirit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q66_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the Baptism of Blood is the most excellent of these?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q67_A1','pTP_Q67_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q67_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67.html">Question. 67 - OF THE MINISTERS BY WHOM THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM IS CONFERRED (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q67_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is part of a deacon's duty to baptize?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether to baptize is part of the priestly office, or proper to that of bishops?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a layman can baptize?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a woman can baptize?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether one that is not baptized can confer the sacrament of Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether several can baptize at the same time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether in Baptism it is necessary for someone to raise the baptized from the sacred font?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q67_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether he who raises anyone from the sacred font is bound to instruct him?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q68_A1','pTP_Q68_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q68_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68.html">Question. 68 - OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE BAPTISM (TWELVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q68_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all are bound to receive Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a man can be saved without Baptism? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Baptism should be deferred?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether sinners should be baptized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether works of satisfaction should be enjoined on sinners that have been baptized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether sinners who are going to be baptized are bound to confess their sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the intention of receiving the sacrament of Baptism is required on the part of the one baptized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether faith is required on the part of the one baptized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether children should be baptized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether children of Jews or other unbelievers be baptized against the will of their parents?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether a child can be baptized while yet in its mother's womb?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q68_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether madmen and imbeciles should be baptized?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q69_A1','pTP_Q69_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q69_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69.html">Question. 69 - OF THE EFFECTS OF BAPTISM (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q69_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all sins are taken away by Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether man is freed by Baptism from all debt of punishment due to sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Baptism should take away the penalties of sin that belong to this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether grace and virtues are bestowed on man by Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether certain acts of the virtues are fittingly set down as effects of Baptism, to wit---incorporation in + Christ, enlightenment, and fruitfulness? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether children receive grace and virtue in Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the effect of Baptism is to open the gates of the heavenly kingdom?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Baptism has an equal effect in all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether insincerity hinders the effect of Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q69_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether Baptism produces its effect when the insincerity ceases?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q70_A1','pTP_Q70_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q70_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q70.html">Question. 70 - OF CIRCUMCISION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q70_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q70_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether circumcision was a preparation for, and a figure of Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q70_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether circumcision was instituted in a fitting manner?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q70_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the rite of circumcision was fitting?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q70_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether circumcision bestowed sanctifying grace?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q71_A1','pTP_Q71_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q71_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q71.html">Question. 71 - OF THE PREPARATIONS THAT ACCOMPANY BAPTISM (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q71_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q71_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether catechism should precede Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q71_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether exorcism should precede Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q71_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether what is done in the exorcism effects anything, or is a mere sign?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q71_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it belongs to a priest to catechize and exorcize the person to be baptized?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q72_A1','pTP_Q72_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q72_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72.html">Question. 72 - CONFIRMATION (Q[72])</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q72_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether confirmation is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether chrism is a fitting matter for this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is essential to this sacrament that the chrism which is its matter be previously consecrated by a + bishop? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the proper form of this sacrament is: 'I sign thee with the sign of the cross,' etc.?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the sacrament of Confirmation imprints a character?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the character of Confirmation presupposes of necessity, the baptismal character?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether sanctifying grace is bestowed in this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether this sacrament should be given to all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether this sacrament should be given to man on the forehead?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether he who is confirmed needs one to stand* for him? [*Literally, 'to hold him']</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether only a bishop can confer this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q72_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the rite of this sacrament is appropriate?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q73_A1','pTP_Q73_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q73_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q73.html">Question. 73 - OF THE SACRAMENT OF THE EUCHARIST (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q73_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q73_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the Eucharist is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q73_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Eucharist is one sacrament or several?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q73_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Eucharist is necessary for salvation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q73_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether this sacrament is suitably called by various names?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q73_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the institution of this sacrament was appropriate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q73_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the Paschal Lamb was the chief figure of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q74_A1','pTP_Q74_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q74_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74.html">Question. 74 - OF THE MATTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q74_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the matter of this sacrament is bread and wine?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a determinate quantity of bread and wine is required for the matter of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether wheaten bread is required for the matter of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether this sacrament ought to be made of unleavened bread?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether wine of the grape is the proper matter of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether water should be mixed with the wine?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the mixing with water is essential to this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q74_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether water should be added in great quantity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q75_A1','pTP_Q75_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q75_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75.html">Question. 75 - OF THE CHANGE OF BREAD AND WINE INTO THE BODY AND BLOOD OF CHRIST (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q75_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the body of Christ be in this sacrament in very truth, or merely as in a figure or sign?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in this sacrament the substance of the bread and wine remains after the consecration?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the substance of the bread or wine is annihilated after the consecration of this sacrament, or dissolved + into their original matter? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether bread can be converted into the body of Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the accidents of the bread and wine remain in this sacrament after the change?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the substantial form of the bread remains in this sacrament after the consecration?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether this change is wrought instantaneously?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q75_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether this proposition is false: 'The body of Christ is made out of bread'?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q76_A1','pTP_Q76_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q76_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76.html">Question. 76 - OF THE WAY IN WHICH CHRIST IS IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q76_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the whole Christ is contained under this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the whole Christ is contained under each species of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ is entire under every part of the species of the bread and wine?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the whole dimensive quantity of Christ's body is in this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether Christ's body is in this sacrament as in a place?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Christ's body is in this sacrament movably?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the body of Christ, as it is in this sacrament, can be seen by any eye, at least by a glorified one?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q76_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Christ's body is truly there when flesh or a child appears miraculously in this sacrament?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q77_A1','pTP_Q77_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q77_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77.html">Question. 77 - OF THE ACCIDENTS WHICH REMAIN IN THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q77_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the accidents remain in this sacrament without a subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in this sacrament the dimensive quantity of the bread or wine is the subject of the other accidents?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the species remaining in this sacrament can change external objects?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the sacramental species can be corrupted?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether anything can be generated from the sacramental species?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the sacramental species can nourish?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the sacramental species are broken in this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q77_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether any liquid can be mingled with the consecrated wine?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q78_A1','pTP_Q78_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q78_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q78.html">Question. 78 - OF THE FORM OF THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q78_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q78_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether this is the form of this sacrament: 'This is My body,' and 'This is the chalice of My blood'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q78_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this is the proper form for the consecration of the bread: 'This is My body'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q78_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether this is the proper form for the consecration of the wine: 'This is the chalice of My blood,' etc.?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q78_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in the aforesaid words of the forms there be any created power which causes the consecration?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q78_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the aforesaid expressions are true? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q78_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the form of the consecration of the bread accomplishes its effect before the form of the consecration + of the wine be completed? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q79_A1','pTP_Q79_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q79_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79.html">Question. 79 - OF THE EFFECTS OF THIS SACRAMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q79_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether grace is bestowed through this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the attaining of glory is an effect of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the forgiveness of mortal sin is an effect of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether venial sins are forgiven through this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the entire punishment due to sin is forgiven through this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether man is preserved by this sacrament from future sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether this sacrament benefit others besides the recipients?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q79_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the effect of this sacrament is hindered by venial sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q80_A1','pTP_Q80_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q80_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80.html">Question. 80 - OF THE USE OR RECEIVING OF THIS SACRAMENT IN GENERAL (TWELVE ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q80_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there are two ways to be distinguished of eating Christ's body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it belongs to man alone to eat this sacrament spiritually?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the just man alone may eat Christ sacramentally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the sinner sins in receiving Christ's body sacramentally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether to approach this sacrament with consciousness of sin is the gravest of all sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the priest ought to deny the body of Christ to the sinner seeking it?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the seminal loss that occurs during sleep hinders anyone from receiving this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether food or drink taken beforehand hinders the receiving of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether those who have not the use of reason ought to receive this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether it is lawful to receive this sacrament daily?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether it is lawful to abstain altogether from communion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q80_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether it is lawful to receive the body of Christ without the blood?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q81_A1','pTP_Q81_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q81_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q81.html">Question. 81 - OF THE USE WHICH CHRIST MADE OF THIS SACRAMENT AT ITS INSTITUTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q81_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q81_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ received His own body and blood?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q81_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ gave His body to Judas?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q81_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Christ received and gave to the disciples His impassible body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q81_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether, if this sacrament had been reserved in a pyx, or consecrated at the moment of Christ's death by one + of the apostles, Christ Himself would have died there? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q82_A1','pTP_Q82_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q82_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82.html">Question. 82 - OF THE MINISTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q82_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the consecration of this sacrament belongs to a priest alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether several priests can consecrate one and the same host?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether dispensing of this sacrament belongs to a priest alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the priest who consecrates is bound to receive this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a wicked priest can consecrate the Eucharist?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the mass of a sinful priest is of less worth than the mass of a good priest?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether heretics, schismatics, and excommunicated persons can consecrate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether a degraded priest can consecrate this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether it is permissible to receive communion from heretical, excommunicate, or sinful priests, and to hear + mass said by them? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q82_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether it is lawful for a priest to refrain entirely from consecrating the Eucharist?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q83_A1','pTP_Q83_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q83_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q83.html">Question. 83 - OF THE RITE OF THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q83_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q83_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ is sacrificed in this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q83_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the time for celebrating this mystery has been properly determined?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q83_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether this sacrament ought to be celebrated in a house and with sacred vessels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q83_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the words spoken in this sacrament are properly framed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q83_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the actions performed in celebrating this sacrament are becoming?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q83_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the defects occurring during the celebration of this sacrament can be sufficiently met by observing + the Church's statutes? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q84_A1','pTP_Q84_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q84_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84.html">Question. 84 - OF THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q84_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Penance is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sins are the proper matter of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the form of this sacrament is: 'I absolve thee'?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the imposition of the priest's hands is necessary for this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether this sacrament is necessary for salvation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether Penance is a second plank after shipwreck?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether this sacrament was suitably instituted in the New Law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether Penance should last till the end of life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether Penance can be continuous?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q84_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the sacrament of Penance may be repeated?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q85_A1','pTP_Q85_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q85_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q85.html">Question. 85 - OF PENANCE AS A VIRTUE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q85_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q85_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Penance is a virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q85_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Penance is a special virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q85_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the virtue of penance is a species of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q85_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the will is properly the subject of penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q85_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether penance originates from fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q85_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether penance is the first of the virtues?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q86_A1','pTP_Q86_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q86_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q86.html">Question. 86 - OF THE EFFECT OF PENANCE, AS REGARDS THE PARDON OF MORTAL SIN (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q86_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q86_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all sins are taken away by Penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q86_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sin can be pardoned without Penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q86_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether by Penance one sin can be pardoned without another? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q86_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the debt of punishment remains after the guilt has been forgiven through Penance? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q86_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the remnants of sin are removed when a mortal sin is forgiven?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q86_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the forgiveness of guilt is an effect of Penance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q87_A1','pTP_Q87_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q87_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q87.html">Question. 87 - OF THE REMISSION OF VENIAL SIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q87_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q87_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether venial sin can be forgiven without Penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q87_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether infusion of grace is necessary for the remission of venial sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q87_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether venial sins are removed by the sprinkling of holy water and the like?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q87_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether venial sin can be taken away without mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q88_A1','pTP_Q88_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q88_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q88.html">Question. 88 - OF THE RETURN OF SINS WHICH HAVE BEEN TAKEN AWAY BY PENANCE (FOUR ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q88_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q88_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sins once forgiven return through a subsequent sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q88_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether sins that have been forgiven, return through ingratitude which is shown especially in four kinds of + sin? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q88_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the debt of punishment that arises through ingratitude in respect of a subsequent sin is as great as + that of the sins previously pardoned? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q88_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the ingratitude whereby a subsequent sin causes the return of previous sins, is a special sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q89_A1','pTP_Q89_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q89_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q89.html">Question. 89 - OF THE RECOVERY OF VIRTUE BY MEANS OF PENANCE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q89_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q89_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the virtues are restored through Penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q89_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether, after Penance, man rises again to equal virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q89_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether, by Penance, man is restored to his former dignity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q89_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether virtuous deeds done in charity can be deadened?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q89_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether deeds deadened by sin, are revived by Penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q89_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the effect of subsequent Penance is to quicken even dead works?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dTP_Q90_A1','pTP_Q90_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pTP_Q90_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q90.html">Question. 90 - OF THE PARTS OF PENANCE, IN GENERAL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dTP_Q90_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q90_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Penance should be assigned any parts?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q90_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether contrition, confession, and satisfaction are fittingly assigned as parts of Penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q90_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether these three are integral parts of Penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.TP_Q90_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether Penance is fittingly divided into penance before Baptism, penance for mortal sins, and penance for venial + sins? + </a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP.i','pXP.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP.html">SUPPLEMENT (XP): TO THE THIRD PART OF THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP.i"> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP.i.html">EDITOR'S NOTE:</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q1','pXP_Q1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP.ii.html">QQ[1 - 68]</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q1"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q1_A1','pXP_Q1_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q1_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q1.html">Question. 1 - SUPPLEMENT (XP): TO THE THIRD PART OF THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA OF ST. THOMAS AQUINAS GATHERED FROM HIS COMMENTARY + ON BOOK IV OF THE SENTENCES (QQ[1] -99) + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q1_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q1_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether contrition is an assumed sorrow for sins, together with the purpose of confessing them and of making + satisfaction for them? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q1_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether contrition is an act of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q1_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether attrition can become contrition?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q2_A1','pXP_Q2_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q2_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q2.html">Question. 2 - OF THE OBJECT OF CONTRITION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q2_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q2_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether man should be contrite on account of the punishment, and not only on account of his sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q2_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether contrition should be on account of original sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q2_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether we should have contrition for every actual sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q2_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man is bound to have contrition for his future sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q2_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a man ought to have contrition for another's sin? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q2_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is necessary to have contrition for each mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q3_A1','pXP_Q3_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q3_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q3.html">Question. 3 - OF THE DEGREE OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q3_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q3_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether contrition is the greatest possible sorrow in the world?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q3_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the sorrow of contrition can be too great?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q3_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether sorrow for one sin should be greater than for another?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q4_A1','pXP_Q4_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q4_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q4.html">Question. 4 - OF THE TIME FOR CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q4_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q4_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the whole of this life is the time for contrition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q4_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is expedient to grieve for sin continually?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q4_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether our souls are contrite for sins even after this life?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q5_A1','pXP_Q5_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q5_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q5.html">Question. 5 - OF THE EFFECT OF CONTRITION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q5_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q5_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the forgiveness of sin is the effect of contrition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q5_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether contrition can take away the debt of punishment entirely?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q5_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether slight contrition suffices to blot out great sins?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q6_A1','pXP_Q6_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q6_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q6.html">Question. 6 - OF CONFESSION, AS REGARDS ITS NECESSITY (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q6_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q6_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether confession is necessary for salvation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q6_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether confession is according to the natural law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q6_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all are bound to confession?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q6_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is lawful for a man to confess a sin which he has not committed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q6_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether one is bound to confess at once?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q6_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether one can be dispensed from confession?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q7_A1','pXP_Q7_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q7_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q7.html">Question. 7 - OF THE NATURE OF CONFESSION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q7_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q7_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Augustine fittingly defines confession?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q7_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether confession is an act of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q7_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether confession is an act of the virtue of penance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q8_A1','pXP_Q8_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q8_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8.html">Question. 8 - OF THE MINISTER OF CONFESSION (SEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q8_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is necessary to confess to a priest?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is ever lawful to confess to another than a priest?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether, outside a case of necessity, anyone who is not a priest may hear the confession of venial sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is necessary for one to confess to one's own priest?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is lawful for anyone to confess to another than his own priest, in virtue of a privilege or a command + given by a superior? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether a penitent, at the point of death, can be absolved by any priest?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q8_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the temporal punishment is imposed according to the degree of the fault?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q9_A1','pXP_Q9_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q9_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q9.html">Question. 9 - OF THE QUALITY OF CONFESSION (FOUR ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q9_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q9_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether confession can be lacking in form?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q9_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether confession should be entire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q9_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether one may confess through another, or by writing?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q9_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the sixteen conditions usually assigned are necessary for confession?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q10_A1','pXP_Q10_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q10_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q10.html">Question. 10 - OF THE EFFECT OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q10_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q10_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether confession delivers one from the death of sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q10_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether confession delivers from punishment in some way?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q10_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether confession opens paradise?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q10_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether confession gives hope of salvation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q10_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a general confession suffices to blot out forgotten mortal sins?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q11_A1','pXP_Q11_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q11_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q11.html">Question. 11 - OF THE SEAL OF CONFESSION (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q11_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q11_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in every case the priest is bound to hide the sins which he knows under the seal of confession?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q11_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the seal of confession extends to other matters than those which have reference to confession?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q11_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the priest alone is bound by the seal of confession?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q11_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether by the penitent's permission, a priest may reveal to another a sin which he knows under the seal of + confession? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q11_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a man may reveal that which he knows through confession and through some other source besides?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q12_A1','pXP_Q12_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q12_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q12.html">Question. 12 - OF SATISFACTION, AS TO ITS NATURE (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q12_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q12_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether satisfaction is a virtue or an act of virtue?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q12_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether satisfaction is an act of justice?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q12_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the definition of satisfaction given in the text is suitable?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q13_A1','pXP_Q13_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q13_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q13.html">Question. 13 - OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SATISFACTION (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q13_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q13_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether man can make satisfaction to God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q13_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether one man can fulfill satisfactory punishment for another? </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q14_A1','pXP_Q14_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q14_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q14.html">Question. 14 - OF THE QUALITY OF SATISFACTION (FIVE ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q14_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q14_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a man can satisfy for one sin without satisfying for another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q14_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether, when deprived of charity, a man can make satisfaction for sins for which he was previously contrite?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q14_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether previous satisfaction begins to avail after man is restored to charity? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q14_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether works done without charity merit any, at least temporal, good?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q14_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the aforesaid works avail for the mitigation of the pains of hell?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q15_A1','pXP_Q15_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q15_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q15.html">Question. 15 - OF THE MEANS OF MAKING SATISFACTION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q15_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q15_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether satisfaction must be made by means of penal works?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q15_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the scourges of the present life are satisfactory?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q15_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the works of satisfaction are suitably enumerated?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q16_A1','pXP_Q16_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q16_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q16.html">Question. 16 - OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q16_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q16_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether penance can be in the innocent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q16_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the saints in glory have penance?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q16_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an angel can be the subject of penance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q17_A1','pXP_Q17_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q17_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q17.html">Question. 17 - OF THE POWER OF THE KEYS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q17_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q17_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there should be keys in the Church?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q17_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the key is the power of binding and loosing, etc.?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q17_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether there are two keys or only one?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q18_A1','pXP_Q18_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q18_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q18.html">Question. 18 - OF THE EFFECT OF THE KEYS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q18_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q18_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the power of the keys extends to the remission of guilt? [*St. Thomas here follows the opinion of Peter + Lombard, and replies in the negative. Later in life he altered his opinion. Cf. TP, Q[62], A[1]; TP, Q[64], A[1]; TP, Q[86], + A[6]] + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q18_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a priest can remit sin as to the punishment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q18_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the priest can bind through the power of the keys?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q18_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the priest can bind and loose according to his own judgment?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q19_A1','pXP_Q19_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q19_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q19.html">Question. 19 - OF THE MINISTERS OF THE KEYS (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q19_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q19_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the priest of the Law had the keys?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q19_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Christ had the key?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q19_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether priests alone have the keys?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q19_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether holy men who are not priests have the keys?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q19_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether wicked priests have the use of the keys?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q19_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether those who are schismatics, heretics, excommunicate, suspended or degraded have the use of the keys?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q20_A1','pXP_Q20_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q20_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q20.html">Question. 20 - OF THOSE ON WHOM THE POWER OF THE KEYS CAN BE EXERCISED (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q20_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q20_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a priest can use the key which he has, on any man?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q20_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a priest can always absolve his subject?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q20_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man can use the keys with regard to his superior?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q21_A1','pXP_Q21_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q21_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q21.html">Question. 21 - OF THE DEFINITION, CONGRUITY AND CAUSE OF EXCOMMUNICATION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q21_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q21_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether excommunication is suitably defined as separation from the communion of the Church, etc?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q21_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the Church should excommunicate anyone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q21_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether anyone should be excommunicated for inflicting temporal harm?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q21_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an excommunication unjustly pronounced has any effect?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q22_A1','pXP_Q22_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q22_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q22.html">Question. 22 - OF THOSE WHO CAN EXCOMMUNICATE OR BE EXCOMMUNICATED (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q22_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q22_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether every priest can excommunicate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q22_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether those who are not priests can excommunicate? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q22_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man who is excommunicated or suspended can excommunicate another?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q22_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man can excommunicate himself, his equal, or his superior?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q22_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a sentence of excommunication can be passed on a body of men?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q22_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether a man can be excommunicated who is already under sentence of excommunication?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q23_A1','pXP_Q23_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q23_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q23.html">Question. 23 - OF COMMUNICATION WITH EXCOMMUNICATED PERSONS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q23_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q23_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful, in matters purely corporal, to communicate with an excommunicated person?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q23_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a person incurs excommunication for communicating with one who is excommunicated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q23_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is always a mortal sin to communicate with an excommunicated person in other cases than those in + which it is allowed? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q24_A1','pXP_Q24_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q24_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q24.html">Question. 24 - OF ABSOLUTION FROM EXCOMMUNICATION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q24_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q24_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any priest can absolve his subject from excommunication? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q24_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether anyone can be absolved against his will?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q24_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man can be absolved from one excommunication without being absolved from all?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q25_A1','pXP_Q25_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q25_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q25.html">Question. 25 - OF INDULGENCES (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q25_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q25_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an indulgence can remit any part of the punishment due for the satisfaction of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q25_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether indulgences are as effective as they claim to be?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q25_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an indulgence ought to be granted for temporal help?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q26_A1','pXP_Q26_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q26_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q26.html">Question. 26 - OF THOSE WHO CAN GRANT INDULGENCES (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q26_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q26_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether every parish priest can grant indulgences?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q26_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a deacon or another who is not a priest can grant an indulgence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q26_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a bishop can grant indulgences?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q26_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether indulgences can be granted by one who is in mortal sin?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q27_A1','pXP_Q27_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q27_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q27.html">Question. 27 - OF THOSE WHOM INDULGENCES AVAIL (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q27_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q27_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an indulgence avails those who are in mortal sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q27_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether indulgences avail religious?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q27_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an indulgence can ever be granted to one who does not fulfill the conditions required?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q27_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether an indulgence avails the person who grants it?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q28_A1','pXP_Q28_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q28_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q28.html">Question. 28 - OF THE SOLEMN RITE OF PENANCE (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q28_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q28_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a penance should be published or solemnized?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q28_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a solemn penance can be repeated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q28_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether solemn penance should be imposed on women and clerics, and whether any priest can impose it?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q29_A1','pXP_Q29_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q29_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29.html">Question. 29 - EXTREME UNCTION (QQ[29]-33)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q29_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Extreme Unction is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Extreme Unction is one sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether this sacrament was instituted by Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether olive oil is a suitable matter for this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the oil ought to be consecrated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the matter of this sacrament need be consecrated by a bishop?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether this sacrament has a form?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the form of this sacrament should be expressed by way of assertion or of petition?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q29_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the foregoing prayer is a suitable form for this sacrament?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q30_A1','pXP_Q30_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q30_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q30.html">Question. 30 - OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q30_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q30_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Extreme Unction avails for the remission of sins?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q30_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether bodily health is an effect of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q30_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether this sacrament imprints a character?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q31_A1','pXP_Q31_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q31_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q31.html">Question. 31 - OF THE MINISTER OF THIS SACRAMENT (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q31_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q31_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a layman can confer this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q31_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether deacons can confer this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q31_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether none but a bishop can confer this sacrament?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q32_A1','pXP_Q32_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q32_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32.html">Question. 32 - ON WHOM SHOULD THIS SACRAMENT BE CONFERRED AND ON WHAT PART OF THE BODY? (SEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q32_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether this sacrament ought to be conferred on those who are in good health?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this sacrament ought to be given in any kind of sickness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether this sacrament ought to be given to madmen and imbeciles?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether this sacrament should be given to children?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the whole body should be anointed in this sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the parts to be anointed are suitably assigned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q32_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether those who are deformed in those parts should be anointed?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q33_A1','pXP_Q33_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q33_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q33.html">Question. 33 - OF THE REPETITION OF THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q33_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q33_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether this sacrament ought to be repeated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q33_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this sacrament ought to be repeated during the same sickness?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q34_A1','pXP_Q34_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q34_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q34.html">Question. 34 - HOLY ORDERS (QQ[34]-40)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q34_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q34_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there should be Order in the Church?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q34_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether Order is properly defined?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q34_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether Order is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q34_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the form of this sacrament is suitably expressed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q34_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether this sacrament has any matter?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q35_A1','pXP_Q35_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q35_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q35.html">Question. 35 - OF THE EFFECT OF THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q35_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q35_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether sanctifying grace is conferred in the sacrament of Order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q35_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether in the sacrament of Order a character is imprinted in connection with all the Orders?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q35_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the character of Order presupposes the baptismal character?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q35_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the character of Order necessarily presupposes the character of Confirmation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q35_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the character of one Order necessarily presupposes the character of another Order?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q36_A1','pXP_Q36_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q36_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q36.html">Question. 36 - OF THE QUALITIES REQUIRED OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THIS SACRAMENT (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q36_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q36_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether goodness of life is required of those who receive Orders?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q36_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether knowledge of all Holy Writ is required?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q36_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a man obtains the degrees of Order by the merit of one's life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q36_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether he who raises the unworthy to Orders commits a sin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q36_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a man who is in sin can without sin exercise the Order he has received? [*Cf. TP, Q[64], A[6]]</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q37_A1','pXP_Q37_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q37_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q37.html">Question. 37 - OF THE DISTINCTION OF ORDERS, OF THEIR ACTS, AND THE IMPRINTING OF THE CHARACTER (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q37_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q37_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether we ought to distinguish several Orders? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q37_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there are seven Orders?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q37_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Order should be divided into those that are sacred and those that are not?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q37_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the acts of the Orders are rightly assigned in the text?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q37_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the character is imprinted on a priest when the chalice is handed to him?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q38_A1','pXP_Q38_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q38_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q38.html">Question. 38 - OF THOSE WHO CONFER THIS SACRAMENT (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q38_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q38_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a bishop alone confers the sacrament of Order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q38_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether heretics and those who are cut off from the Church can confer Orders? [*Cf. TP, Q[64], AA[5],9] </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q39_A1','pXP_Q39_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q39_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q39.html">Question. 39 - OF THE IMPEDIMENTS TO THIS SACRAMENT (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q39_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q39_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the female sex is an impediment to receiving Orders?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q39_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether boys and those who lack the use of reason can receive Orders?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q39_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the state of slavery is an impediment to receiving Orders?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q39_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a man should be debarred from receiving Orders on account of homicide?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q39_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether those of illegitimate birth should be debarred from receiving Orders?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q39_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether lack of members should be an impediment?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q40_A1','pXP_Q40_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q40_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40.html">Question. 40 - OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO THE SACRAMENT OF ORDER (SEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q40_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether those who are ordained ought to wear the tonsure?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the tonsure is an Order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether by receiving the tonsure a man renounces temporal goods?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether above the priestly Order there ought to be an episcopal power?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the episcopate is an Order?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether in the Church there can be anyone above the bishops?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q40_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the vestments of the ministers are fittingly instituted in the Church?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q41_A1','pXP_Q41_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q41_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q41.html">Question. 41 - MATRIMONY (QQ[41]-67)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q41_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q41_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether matrimony is of natural law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q41_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether matrimony still comes under a precept?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q41_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the marriage act is always sinful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q41_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the marriage act is meritorious?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q42_A1','pXP_Q42_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q42_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q42.html">Question. 42 - OF MATRIMONY AS A SACRAMENT (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q42_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q42_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether matrimony is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q42_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this sacrament ought to have been instituted before sin was committed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q42_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether matrimony confers grace?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q42_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether carnal intercourse is an integral part of this sacrament?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q43_A1','pXP_Q43_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q43_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q43.html">Question. 43 - OF MATRIMONY WITH REGARD TO THE BETROTHAL (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q43_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q43_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a betrothal is a promise of future marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q43_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether seven years is fittingly assigned as the age for betrothal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q43_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a betrothal can be dissolved?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q44_A1','pXP_Q44_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q44_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q44.html">Question. 44 - OF THE DEFINITION OF MATRIMONY (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q44_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q44_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether matrimony is a kind of joining?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q44_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether matrimony is fittingly named?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q44_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether matrimony is fittingly defined in the text?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q45_A1','pXP_Q45_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q45_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q45.html">Question. 45 - OF THE MARRIAGE CONSENT CONSIDERED IN ITSELF (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q45_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q45_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether consent is the efficient cause of matrimony?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q45_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the consent needs to be expressed in words?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q45_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether consent given in words expressive of the future makes a marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q45_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether, in the absence of inward consent, a marriage is made by consent given in words of the present?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q45_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether consent given secretly in words of the present makes a marriage?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q46_A1','pXP_Q46_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q46_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q46.html">Question. 46 - OF THE CONSENT TO WHICH AN OATH OR CARNAL INTERCOURSE IS APPENDED (TWO ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q46_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q46_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether an oath added to the consent that is expressed in words of the future tense makes a marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q46_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether carnal intercourse after consent expressed in words of the future makes a marriage?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q47_A1','pXP_Q47_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q47_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q47.html">Question. 47 - OF COMPULSORY AND CONDITIONAL CONSENT (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q47_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q47_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a compulsory consent is possible?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q47_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a constant man can be compelled by fear?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q47_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether compulsory consent invalidates a marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q47_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether compulsory consent makes a marriage as regards the party who uses compulsion?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q47_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether conditional consent makes a marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q47_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether one can be compelled by one's father's command to marry?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q48_A1','pXP_Q48_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q48_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q48.html">Question. 48 - OF THE OBJECT OF THE CONSENT (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q48_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q48_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the consent that makes a marriage is a consent to carnal intercourse?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q48_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether marriage can result from one person's consent to take another for a base motive?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q49_A1','pXP_Q49_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q49_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q49.html">Question. 49 - OF THE MARRIAGE GOODS* (SIX ARTICLES) [*'Bona matrimonii,' variously rendered marriage goods, marriage blessings, + and advantages of marriage.] + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q49_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q49_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether certain blessings are necessary in order to excuse marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q49_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the goods of marriage are sufficiently enumerated?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q49_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the sacrament is the chief of the marriage goods?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q49_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the marriage act is excused by the aforesaid goods?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q49_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the marriage act can be excused without the marriage goods?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q49_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether it is a mortal sin for a man to have knowledge of his wife, with the intention not of a marriage good + but merely of pleasure? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q50_A1','pXP_Q50_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q50_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q50.html">Question. 50 - OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF MARRIAGE, IN GENERAL (ONE ARTICLE)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q50_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q50_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is fitting that impediments should be assigned to marriage?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q51_A1','pXP_Q51_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q51_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q51.html">Question. 51 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF ERROR (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q51_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q51_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is right to reckon error as an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q51_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether every error is an impediment to matrimony?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q52_A1','pXP_Q52_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q52_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q52.html">Question. 52 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF THE CONDITION OF SLAVERY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q52_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q52_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the condition of slavery is an impediment to matrimony?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q52_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a slave can marry without his master's consent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q52_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether slavery can supervene to marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q52_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether children should follow the condition of their father?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q53_A1','pXP_Q53_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q53_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q53.html">Question. 53 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF VOWS AND ORDERS (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q53_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q53_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether marriage already contracted should be annulled by the obligation of a simple vow?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q53_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a solemn vow dissolves a marriage already contracted?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q53_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether order is an impediment to matrimony?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q53_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a sacred order cannot supervene to matrimony?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q54_A1','pXP_Q54_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q54_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q54.html">Question. 54 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF CONSANGUINITY (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q54_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q54_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether consanguinity is rightly defined?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q54_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether consanguinity is fittingly distinguished by degrees and lines?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q54_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether consanguinity is an impediment to marriage by virtue of the natural law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q54_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the degrees of consanguinity that are an impediment to marriage could be fixed by the Church?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q55_A1','pXP_Q55_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q55_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55.html">Question. 55 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF AFFINITY (ELEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q55_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a person contracts affinity through the marriage of a blood-relation?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether affinity remains after the death of husband or wife?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether unlawful intercourse causes affinity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether affinity is caused by betrothal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether affinity is a cause of affinity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether affinity is an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether affinity in itself admits of degrees?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the degrees of affinity extend in the same way as the degrees of consanguinity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether a marriage contracted by persons with the degrees of affinity or consanguinity should always be annulled?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether it is necessary to proceed by way of accusation for the annulment of a marriage contracted by persons + related to each other by affinity or consanguinity? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q55_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether in a suit of this kind one should proceed by hearing witnesses in the same way as in other suits?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q56_A1','pXP_Q56_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q56_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q56.html">Question. 56 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT OF SPIRITUAL RELATIONSHIP (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q56_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q56_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether spiritual relationship is an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q56_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether spiritual relationship is contracted by baptism only?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q56_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether spiritual relationship is contracted between the person baptized and the person who raises him from + the sacred font? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q56_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether spiritual relationship passes from husband to wife?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q56_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether spiritual relationship passes to the godfather's carnal children?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q57_A1','pXP_Q57_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q57_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q57.html">Question. 57 - OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIP, WHICH IS BY ADOPTION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q57_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q57_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether adoption is rightly defined?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q57_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a tie that is an impediment to marriage is contracted through adoption?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q57_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether legal relationship is contracted only between the adopting father and the adopted child?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q58_A1','pXP_Q58_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q58_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q58.html">Question. 58 - OF THE IMPEDIMENTS OF IMPOTENCE, SPELL, FRENZY OR MADNESS, INCEST AND DEFECTIVE AGE (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q58_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q58_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether impotence is an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q58_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a spell can be an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q58_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether madness is an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q58_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether marriage is annulled by the husband committing incest with his wife's sister?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q58_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether defective age is an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q59_A1','pXP_Q59_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q59_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q59.html">Question. 59 - OF DISPARITY OF WORSHIP AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q59_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q59_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a believer can marry an unbeliever?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q59_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether there can be marriage between unbelievers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q59_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the husband, being converted to the faith, may remain with his wife is she be unwilling to be converted?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q59_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a believer can, after his conversion, put away his unbelieving wife if she be willing to cohabit with + him without insult to the Creator? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q59_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the believer who leaves his unbelieving wife can take another wife?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q59_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether other sins dissolve marriage?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q60_A1','pXP_Q60_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q60_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q60.html">Question. 60 - OF WIFE-MURDER (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q60_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q60_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful for a man to kill his wife if she be discovered in the act of adultery?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q60_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether wife-murder is an impediment to marriage?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q61_A1','pXP_Q61_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q61_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q61.html">Question. 61 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT TO MARRIAGE, ARISING FROM A SOLEMN VOW (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q61_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q61_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether one party after the marriage has been consummated can enter religion without the other's consent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q61_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether before the marriage has been consummated one consort can enter religion without the other's consent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q61_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the wife may take another husband if her husband has entered religion before the consummation of the + marriage? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q62_A1','pXP_Q62_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q62_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q62.html">Question. 62 - OF THE IMPEDIMENT THAT SUPERVENES TO MARRIAGE AFTER ITS CONSUMMATION, NAMELY FORNICATION (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q62_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q62_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is lawful for a husband to put away his wife on account of fornication?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q62_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the husband is bound by precept to put away his wife when she is guilty of fornication?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q62_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the husband can on his own judgment put away his wife on account of fornication?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q62_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in a case of divorce husband and wife should be judged on a par with each other?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q62_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a husband can marry again after having a divorce?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q62_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether husband and wife may be reconciled after being divorced?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q63_A1','pXP_Q63_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q63_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q63.html">Question. 63 - OF SECOND MARRIAGES (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q63_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q63_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether a second marriage is lawful?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q63_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a second marriage is a sacrament?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q64_A1','pXP_Q64_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q64_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64.html">Question. 64 - OF THE THINGS ANNEXED TO MARRIAGE, AND FIRST OF THE PAYMENT OF THE MARRIAGE DEBT (TEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q64_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether husband and wife are mutually bound to the payment of the marriage debt?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether a husband is bound to pay the debt if his wife does not ask for it?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is allowable for a menstruous wife to ask for the marriage debt? [*This and the Fourth Article are + omitted in the Leonine edition.] + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether a menstruous woman should or may lawfully pay the marriage debt to her husband if he ask for it? [*This + and the previous article are omitted in the Leonine edition.] + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether husband and wife are equal in the marriage act?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether husband and wife can take a vow contrary to the marriage debt without their mutual consent?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether it is forbidden to demand the debt on holy days?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether it is a mortal sin to ask for the debt at a holy time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether one spouse is bound to pay the debt to the other at a festal time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q64_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether weddings should be forbidden at certain times? [*This article is omitted in the Leonine edition.]</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q65_A1','pXP_Q65_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q65_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q65.html">Question. 65 - OF PLURALITY OF WIVES (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q65_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q65_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether it is against the natural law to have several wives?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q65_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it was ever lawful to have several wives?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q65_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is against the natural law to have a concubine?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q65_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it is a mortal sin to have intercourse with a concubine?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q65_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it was ever lawful to have a concubine?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q66_A1','pXP_Q66_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q66_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q66.html">Question. 66 - OF BIGAMY AND OF THE IRREGULARITY CONTRACTED THEREBY (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q66_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q66_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether irregularity attaches to bigamy?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q66_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether irregularity results from bigamy, when one husband has two wives, one in law, the other in fact?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q66_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether irregularity is contracted by marrying one who is not a virgin?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q66_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether bigamy is removed by Baptism?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q66_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether it is lawful for a bigamist to receive a dispensation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q67_A1','pXP_Q67_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q67_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67.html">Question. 67 - OF THE BILL OF DIVORCE (SEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q67_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether inseparableness of the wife is of natural law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it may have been lawful by dispensation to put away a wife?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it was lawful to divorce a wife under the Mosaic law?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether it was lawful for a divorced wife to have another husband?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether a husband could lawfully take back the wife he had divorced?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the reason for divorce was hatred for the wife?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q67_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the causes of divorce had to be written in the bill?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q68_A1','pXP_Q68_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q68_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q68.html">Question. 68 - OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q68_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q68_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether children born out of true marriage are illegitimate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q68_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether children should suffer any loss through being illegitimate?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q68_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether an illegitimate son can be legitimized?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q69','pXP_Q69')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q69" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP.iii.html">TREATISE ON THE RESURRECTION (QQ[69]-86)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q69"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q69_A1','pXP_Q69_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q69_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69.html">Question. 69 - OF MATTERS CONCERNING THE RESURRECTION, AND FIRST OF THE PLACE WHERE SOULS ARE AFTER DEATH (SEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q69_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether places are appointed to receive souls after death?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether souls are conveyed to heaven or hell immediately after death?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the souls who are in heaven or hell are able to go from thence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the limbo of hell is the same as Abraham's bosom?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether limbo is the same as the hell of the damned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the limbo of children is the same as the limbo of the Fathers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q69_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether so many abodes should be distinguished?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q70_A1','pXP_Q70_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q70_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q70.html">Question. 70 - OF THE QUALITY OF THE SOUL AFTER LEAVING THE BODY, AND OF THE PUNISHMENT INFLICTED ON IT BY MATERIAL FIRE + (THREE ARTICLES) + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q70_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q70_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the sensitive powers remain in the separated soul? [*Cf. FP, Q[77], A[8]]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q70_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the acts of the sensitive powers remain in the separated soul?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q70_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the separated soul can suffer from a bodily fire?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q71_A1','pXP_Q71_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q71_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71.html">Question. 71 - OF THE SUFFRAGES FOR THE DEAD (FOURTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q71_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the suffrages of one person can profit others?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the dead can be assisted by the works of the living?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether suffrages performed by sinners profit the dead?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether suffrages offered by the living for the dead profit those who offer them?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether suffrages profit those who are in hell?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether suffrages profit those who are in purgatory?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether suffrages avail the children who are in limbo? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether suffrages profit the saints in heaven?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the prayers of the Church, the sacrifice of the altar and alms profit the departed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether the indulgences of the Church profit the dead?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether the burial service profits the dead?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether suffrages offered for one deceased person profit the person for whom they are offered more than others?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether suffrages offered for several are of as much value to each one as if they had been offered for each + in particular? + </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q71_A14.html">Article. 14 - Whether general suffrages avail those for whom special suffrages are not offered, as much as special suffrages + avail those for whom they are offered in addition to general suffrages? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q72_A1','pXP_Q72_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q72_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q72.html">Question. 72 - OF PRAYERS WITH REGARD TO THE SAINTS IN HEAVEN (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q72_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q72_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the saints have knowledge of our prayers?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q72_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether we ought to call upon the saints to pray for us?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q72_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the prayers which the saints pour forth to God for us are always granted?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q73_A1','pXP_Q73_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q73_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q73.html">Question. 73 - OF THE SIGNS THAT WILL PRECEDE THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q73_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q73_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any signs will precede the Lord's coming to judgment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q73_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether towards the time of the judgment the sun and moon will be darkened in very truth?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q73_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the virtues of heaven will be moved when our Lord shall come?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q74_A1','pXP_Q74_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q74_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74.html">Question. 74 - OF THE FIRE OF THE FINAL CONFLAGRATION (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q74_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the world is to be cleansed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the cleansing of the world will be effected by fire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the fire whereby the world will be cleansed will be of the same species with elemental fire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether that fire will cleanse also the higher heavens?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether that fire will consume the other elements?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether all the elements will be cleansed by that fire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the fire of the final conflagration is to follow the judgment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether that fire will have such an effect on men as is described?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q74_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether that fire will engulf the wicked?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q75_A1','pXP_Q75_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q75_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q75.html">Question. 75 - OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q75_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q75_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is to be a resurrection of the body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q75_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the resurrection will be for all without exception?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q75_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the resurrection is natural?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q76_A1','pXP_Q76_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q76_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q76.html">Question. 76 - OF THE CAUSE OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q76_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q76_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the resurrection of Christ is the cause of our resurrection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q76_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the sound of the trumpet will be the cause of our resurrection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q76_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angels will do anything towards the resurrection?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q77_A1','pXP_Q77_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q77_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q77.html">Question. 77 - OF THE TIME AND MANNER OF THE RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q77_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q77_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the time of our resurrection should be delayed till the end of the world?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q77_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the time of our resurrection is hidden?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q77_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the resurrection will take place at night-time?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q77_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the resurrection will happen suddenly or by degrees?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q78_A1','pXP_Q78_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q78_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q78.html">Question. 78 - OF THE TERM 'WHEREFROM' OF THE RESURRECTION (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q78_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q78_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether death will be the term 'wherefrom' of the resurrection in all cases?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q78_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all will rise again from ashes?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q78_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the ashes from which the human body will be restored have any natural inclination towards the soul which + will be united to them? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q79_A1','pXP_Q79_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q79_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q79.html">Question. 79 - OF THE CONDITIONS OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN, AND FIRST OF THEIR IDENTITY (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q79_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q79_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in the resurrection the soul will be reunited to the same identical body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q79_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it will be identically the same man that shall rise again?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q79_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the ashes of the human body must needs, by the resurrection, return to the same parts of the body that + were dissolved into them? + </a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q80_A1','pXP_Q80_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q80_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q80.html">Question. 80 - OF THE INTEGRITY OF THE BODIES IN THE RESURRECTION (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q80_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q80_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all the members of the human body will rise again?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q80_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the hair and nails will rise again in the human body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q80_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the humors will rise again in the body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q80_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether whatever in the body belonged to the truth of human nature will rise again in it?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q80_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether whatever was materially in a man's members will all rise again?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q81_A1','pXP_Q81_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q81_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q81.html">Question. 81 - OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE WHO RISE AGAIN (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q81_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q81_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether all will rise again of the same age?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q81_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all will rise again of the same stature?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q81_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all will rise again of the male sex?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q81_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether all will rise again to animal life so as to exercise the functions of nutrition and generation?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q82_A1','pXP_Q82_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q82_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q82.html">Question. 82 - OF THE IMPASSIBILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED AFTER THEIR RESURRECTION (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q82_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q82_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the bodies of the saints will be impassible after the resurrection?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q82_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether all will be equally impassible?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q82_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether impassibility excludes actual sensation from glorified bodies?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q82_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in the blessed, after the resurrection, all the senses will be in act?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q83_A1','pXP_Q83_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q83_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q83.html">Question. 83 - OF THE SUBTLETY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (SIX ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q83_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q83_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether subtlety is a property of the glorified body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q83_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether by reason of this subtlety a glorified body is able to be in the same place with another body not glorified?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q83_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is possible, by a miracle, for two bodies to be in the same place?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q83_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether one glorified body can be in the same place together with another glorified body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q83_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether by virtue of its subtlety a glorified body will no longer need to be in an equal place?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q83_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the glorified body, by reason of its subtlety, will be impalpable?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q84_A1','pXP_Q84_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q84_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q84.html">Question. 84 - OF THE AGILITY OF THE BODIES OF THE BLESSED (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q84_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q84_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the glorified bodies will be agile?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q84_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the saints will never use their agility for the purpose of movement?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q84_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the movement of the saints will be instantaneous?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q85_A1','pXP_Q85_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q85_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q85.html">Question. 85 - OF THE CLARITY OF THE BEATIFIED BODIES (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q85_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q85_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether clarity is becoming to the glorified body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q85_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the clarity of the glorified body is visible to the non-glorified eye?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q85_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a glorified body will be necessarily seen by a non-glorified body?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q86_A1','pXP_Q86_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q86_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q86.html">Question. 86 - OF THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE BODIES OF THE DAMNED WILL RISE AGAIN (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q86_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q86_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the bodies of the damned will rise again with their deformities?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q86_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the bodies of the damned will be incorruptible?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q86_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the bodies of the damned will be impassible?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q87','pXP_Q87')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q87" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP.iv.html">TREATISE ON THE LAST THINGS (QQ[86]-99)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q87"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q87_A1','pXP_Q87_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q87_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q87.html">Question. 87 - OF THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH, AFTER RISING AGAIN, MEN WILL HAVE AT THE JUDGMENT CONCERNING MERITS AND DEMERITS (THREE + ARTICLES) + </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q87_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q87_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether after the resurrection every one will know what sins he has committed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q87_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether every one will be able to read all that is in another's conscience?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q87_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether all merits and demerits, one's own as well as those of others, will be seen by anyone at a single glance?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q88_A1','pXP_Q88_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q88_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q88.html">Question. 88 - OF THE GENERAL JUDGMENT, AS TO THE TIME AND PLACE AT WHICH IT WILL BE (FOUR ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q88_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q88_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there will be a general judgment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q88_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the judgment will take place by word of mouth? </a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q88_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the time of the future judgment is unknown?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q88_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the judgment will take place in the valley of Josaphat?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q89_A1','pXP_Q89_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q89_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89.html">Question. 89 - OF THOSE WHO WILL JUDGE AND OF THOSE WHO WILL BE JUDGED AT THE GENERAL JUDGMENT (EIGHT ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q89_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any men will judge together with Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the judicial power corresponds to voluntary poverty?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the angels will judge?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the demons will carry out the sentence of the Judge on the damned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether all men will be present at the judgment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the good will be judged at the judgment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the wicked will be judged?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q89_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether at the coming judgment the angels will be judged?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q90_A1','pXP_Q90_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q90_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q90.html">Question. 90 - OF THE FORM OF THE JUDGE IN COMING TO THE JUDGMENT (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q90_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q90_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether Christ will judge under the form of His humanity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q90_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether at the judgment Christ will appear in His glorified humanity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q90_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the Godhead can be seen by the wicked without joy?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q91_A1','pXP_Q91_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q91_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q91.html">Question. 91 - OF THE QUALITY OF THE WORLD AFTER THE JUDGMENT (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q91_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q91_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the world will be renewed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q91_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the movement of the heavenly bodies will cease?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q91_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the brightness of the heavenly bodies will be increased at this renewal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q91_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the elements will be renewed by an addition of brightness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q91_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the plants and animals will remain in this renewal?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q92_A1','pXP_Q92_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q92_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q92.html">Question. 92 - OF THE VISION OF THE DIVINE ESSENCE IN REFERENCE TO THE BLESSED* (THREE ARTICLES) [*Cf. FP, Q[12]]</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q92_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q92_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the human intellect can attain to the vision of God in His essence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q92_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether after the resurrection the saints will see God with the eyes of the body? [*Cf. FP, Q[12], A[3]]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q92_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the saints, seeing God, see all that God sees? [*Cf. FP, Q[12], AA[7],8]</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q93_A1','pXP_Q93_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q93_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q93.html">Question. 93 - OF THE HAPPINESS OF THE SAINTS AND THEIR MANSIONS (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q93_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q93_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the happiness of the saints will be greater after the judgment than before?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q93_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the degrees of beatitude should be called mansions?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q93_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the various mansions are distinguished according to the various degrees of charity?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q94_A1','pXP_Q94_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q94_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q94.html">Question. 94 - OF THE RELATIONS OF THE SAINTS TOWARDS THE DAMNED (THREE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q94_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q94_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the blessed in heaven will see the sufferings of the damned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q94_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the blessed pity the unhappiness of the damned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q94_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the blessed rejoice in the punishment of the wicked?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q95_A1','pXP_Q95_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q95_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q95.html">Question. 95 - OF THE GIFTS* OF THE BLESSED (FIVE ARTICLES) [*The Latin 'dos' signifies a dowry.]</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q95_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q95_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether any gifts should be assigned as dowry to the blessed?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q95_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the dowry is the same as beatitude*? [*Cf. FP, Q[12], A[7], ad 1; FS, Q[4], A[3]]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q95_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether it is fitting that Christ should receive a dowry?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q95_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the angels receive the dowries?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q95_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether three dowries of the soul are suitably assigned?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q96_A1','pXP_Q96_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q96_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96.html">Question. 96 - OF THE AUREOLES (THIRTEEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q96_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the aureole is the same as the essential reward which is called the aurea?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the aureole differs from the fruit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether a fruit is due to the virtue of continence alone?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether three fruits are fittingly assigned to the three parts of continence?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether an aureole is due on account of virginity?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether an aureole is due to martyrs?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether an aureole is due to doctors?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether an aureole is due to Christ?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether an aureole is due to the angels?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A10.html">Article. 10 - Whether an aureole is also due to the body?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A11.html">Article. 11 - Whether three aureoles are fittingly assigned, those of virgins, of martyrs, and of doctors?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A12.html">Article. 12 - Whether the virgin's aureole is the greatest of all?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q96_A13.html">Article. 13 - Whether one person has an aureole more excellently than another person?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q97_A1','pXP_Q97_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q97_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97.html">Question. 97 - OF THE PUNISHMENT OF THE DAMNED (SEVEN ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q97_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether in hell the damned are tormented by the sole punishment of fire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the worm of the damned is corporeal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the weeping of the damned will be corporeal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the damned are in material darkness?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the fire of hell will be corporeal?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the fire of hell is of the same species as ours?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q97_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the fire of hell is beneath the earth?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q98_A1','pXP_Q98_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q98_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98.html">Question. 98 - OF THE WILL AND INTELLECT OF THE DAMNED (NINE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q98_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether every act of will in the damned is evil?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether the damned repent of the evil they have done?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the damned by right and deliberate reason would wish not to be?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether in hell the damned would wish others were damned who are not damned?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the damned hate God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether the damned demerit?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A7.html">Article. 7 - Whether the damned can make use of the knowledge they had in this world? [*Cf. FP, Q[89]]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A8.html">Article. 8 - Whether the damned will ever think of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q98_A9.html">Article. 9 - Whether the damned see the glory of the blessed?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dXP_Q99_A1','pXP_Q99_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pXP_Q99_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q99.html">Question. 99 - OF GOD'S MERCY AND JUSTICE TOWARDS THE DAMNED (FIVE ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dXP_Q99_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q99_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether by Divine justice an eternal punishment is inflicted on sinners? [*Cf. FS, Q[87], AA[3],4]</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q99_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether by God's mercy all punishment of the damned, both men and demons, comes to an end?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q99_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether God's mercy suffers at least men to be punished eternally?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q99_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether the punishment of Christians is brought to an end by the mercy of God?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.XP_Q99_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether all those who perform works of mercy will be punished eternally?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a href="javascript:t('dvii.i','pvii.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pvii.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.vii.html">Appendix</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dvii.i"> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dAP1_Q1','pAP1_Q1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pAP1_Q1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.vii.i.html">Appendix 1</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dAP1_Q1"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dAP1_Q1_A1','pAP1_Q1_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pAP1_Q1_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q1.html">Question. 1 - OF THE QUALITY OF THOSE SOULS WHO DEPART THIS LIFE WITH ORIGINAL SIN ONLY (TWO ARTICLES)</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dAP1_Q1_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q1_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether those souls which depart with original sin alone, suffer from a bodily fire, and are punished by fire?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q1_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether these same souls suffer spiritual affliction on account of the state in which they are?</a> + </p> + </div> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dAP1_Q2_A1','pAP1_Q2_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pAP1_Q2_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q2.html">Question. 2 - OF THE QUALITY OF SOULS WHO EXPIATE ACTUAL SIN OR ITS PUNISHMENT IN PURGATORY (SIX ARTICLES) </a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dAP1_Q2_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q2_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether the pains of Purgatory surpass all the temporal pains of this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q2_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether this punishment is voluntary?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q2_A3.html">Article. 3 - Whether the soul in Purgatory are punished by the demons?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q2_A4.html">Article. 4 - Whether venial sin is expiated by the pains of Purgatory as regards the guilt?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q2_A5.html">Article. 5 - Whether the fire of Purgatory delivers from the debt of punishment?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP1_Q2_A6.html">Article. 6 - Whether one person is delivered from this punishment sooner than another?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a href="javascript:t('dAP2_Q1','pAP2_Q1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pAP2_Q1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.vii.ii.html">Appendix 2</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dAP2_Q1"> + <p class="TOC3"> + <a href="javascript:t('dAP2_Q1_A1','pAP2_Q1_A1')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pAP2_Q1_A1" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP2_Q1.html">TWO ARTICLES ON PURGATORY</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dAP2_Q1_A1"> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP2_Q1_A1.html">Article. 1 - Whether there is a Purgatory after this life?</a> + </p> + <p class="TOC4"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.AP2_Q1_A2.html">Article. 2 - Whether it is the same place where souls are cleansed, and the damned punished?</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p class="TOC1"> + <a href="javascript:t('dviii.i','pviii.i')"> + <img alt="Click to expand or collapse this item" title="Click to expand or collapse this item" border="0" src="/pix/shut.gif" onmouseover="javascript:highlight(this)" onmouseout="javascript:unhighlight(this)" id="pviii.i" /> + </a> + + <a class="TOC" href="summa.viii.html">Indexes</a> + </p> + <div style="display:none" id="dviii.i"> + <p class="TOC2"> + <a class="TOC" href="summa.viii.i.html">Index of Scripture References</a> + </p> + </div> + </div> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + <div id="i" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.toc.html"></a> + <a href="summa.FP.html"></a> + <a id="i-p0.1"></a> + <h1 id="i-p0.2">ST. THOMAS AQUINAS </h1> + <h1 id="i-p0.3">SUMMA THEOLOGICA </h1> + <h3 id="i-p0.4">SUMMA THEOLOGICA (Benziger Bros. edition, 1947)</h3> + <h3 id="i-p0.5">Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province </h3> + <h3 id="i-p0.6">Acknowledgement: This digital file was produced through the kindness of Sandra K. Perry, Perrysburg, Ohio. </h3> + <p id="i-p1"></p> + <a href="summa.toc.html"></a> + <a href="summa.FP.html"></a> + </div> + <div id="FP" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.i.html"></a> + <a href="summa.FP.i.html"></a> + <h1 id="FP-p0.1">FIRST PART (FP: QQ 1-119)</h1> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_i.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_ii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_iii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_iv.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_v.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_vi.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_vii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_viii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_ix.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FP_x.html"></xi:include> + <a href="summa.i.html"></a> + <a href="summa.FP.i.html"></a> + </div> + <div id="FS" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.FP_Q119_A2.html"></a> + <a href="summa.FS.i.html"></a> + <h1 id="FS-p0.1">FIRST PART OF THE SECOND PART (FS) (QQ[1]-114)</h1> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FS_i.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FS_ii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FS_iii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FS_iv.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FS_v.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FS_vi.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="FS_vii.html"></xi:include> + <a href="summa.FP_Q119_A2.html"></a> + <a href="summa.FS.i.html"></a> + </div> + <div id="SS" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.FS_Q114_A10.html"></a> + <a href="summa.SS.i.html"></a> + <h1 id="SS-p0.1">SECOND PART OF THE SECOND PART (SS) (QQ[1]-189)</h1> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="SS_i.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="SS_ii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="SS_iii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="SS_iv.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="SS_v.html"></xi:include> + <a href="summa.FS_Q114_A10.html"></a> + <a href="summa.SS.i.html"></a> + </div> + <div id="TP" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.SS_Q189_A10.html"></a> + <a href="summa.TP.i.html"></a> + <h1 id="TP-p0.1">THIRD PART (TP) OF THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA (QQ[1]-90)</h1> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="TP_i.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="TP_ii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="TP_iii.html"></xi:include> + <a href="summa.SS_Q189_A10.html"></a> + <a href="summa.TP.i.html"></a> + </div> + <div id="XP" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.TP_Q90_A4.html"></a> + <a href="summa.XP.i.html"></a> + <h1 id="XP-p0.1">SUPPLEMENT (XP): TO THE THIRD PART OF THE SUMMA THEOLOGICA OF ST. THOMAS AQUINAS GATHERED FROM HIS COMMENTARY ON BOOK IV OF + THE SENTENCES (QQ[1] -99) + </h1> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="XP_i.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="XP_ii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="XP_iii.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="XP_iv.html"></xi:include> + <a href="summa.TP_Q90_A4.html"></a> + <a href="summa.XP.i.html"></a> + </div> + <div id="vii" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.XP_Q99_A5.html"></a> + <a href="summa.vii.i.html"></a> + <h1 id="vii-p0.1">Appendix</h1> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="vii_i.html"></xi:include> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="vii_ii.html"></xi:include> + <a href="summa.XP_Q99_A5.html"></a> + <a href="summa.vii.i.html"></a> + </div> + <div id="viii" class="div1"> + <a href="summa.AP2_Q1_A2.html"></a> + <a href="summa.viii.i.html"></a> + <h1 id="viii-p0.1">Indexes</h1> + <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="viii_i.html"></xi:include> + <a href="summa.AP2_Q1_A2.html"></a> + <a href="summa.viii.i.html"></a> + </div> + </body> +</html> \ No newline at end of file