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annotate summa/latin/sth4084.html @ 43:d49f2ca9374c

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all but proemium working
author ht
date Thu, 17 Dec 2009 09:55:34 +0000
parents 544e12f679ad
children d777cc3962f2
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
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4 <head>
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5 <meta name="generator" content=
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6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
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9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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11 <meta name="keywords" content=
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12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
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13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
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14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
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15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
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16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarc&oacute;n" />
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17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
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18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
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19 "text/css" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
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21 "text/css" />
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22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, III&ordf; q.
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23 84-90</title>
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24 </head>
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25 <body>
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26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
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27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
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28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
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29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
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30 <div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione LXXXIV ad quaestionem
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31 XC</div>
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32 <br />
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33 <div class="centro">
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34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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35 <tr>
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36 <th><img src="icons/bene180.jpg" width="204" height="180" border=
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37 "0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" align=
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38 "middle" /></th>
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39 </tr>
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40 </table>
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41 <br />
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42 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br />
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43 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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44 magneticas<br />
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45 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarc&oacute;n atque instruxit<br />
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46 <br /></span><br />
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47 <hr />
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48 <br />
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49 <p><a href="sth4083.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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50 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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51 <a href="iopera.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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52 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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53 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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54 //<![CDATA[
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55 <!--
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56 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51278">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51279">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51280">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51281">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51282">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51283">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51284">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51285">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51286">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51287">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51288">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51289">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51290">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51291">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51292">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51293">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51294">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51295">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51296">III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51297">III&ordf; q. 85 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51298">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51299">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51300">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51301">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51302">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51303">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51304">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51305">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51306">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51307">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51308">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51309">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51310">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51311">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51312">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51313">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51314">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51315">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51316">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51317">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51318">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51319">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51320">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51321">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51322">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51323">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51324">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51325">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51326">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51327">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51328">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51329">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51330">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51331">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51332">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51333">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51334">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51335">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51336">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51337">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51338">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51339">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51340">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51341">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51342">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51343">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51344">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51345">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51346">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51347">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51348">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51349">III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51350">III&ordf; q. 86 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51351">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51352">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51353">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51354">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51355">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51356">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51357">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51358">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51359">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51360">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51361">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51362">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51363">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51364">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51365">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51366">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51367">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51368">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51369">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51370">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51371">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51372">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51373">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51374">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51375">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51376">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51377">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51378">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51379">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51380">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51381">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51382">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51383">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51384">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51385">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51386">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51387">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51388">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51389">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51390">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51391">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51392">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51393">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51394">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51395">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51396">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51397">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51398">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51399">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51400">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51401">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51402">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51403">III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51404">III&ordf; q. 87 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51405">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51406">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51407">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51408">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51409">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51410">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51411">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51412">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51413">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51414">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51415">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51416">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51417">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51418">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51419">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51420">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51421">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51422">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51423">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51424">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51425">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51426">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51427">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51428">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51429">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51430">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51431">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51432">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51433">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51434">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51435">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51436">III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51437">III&ordf; q. 88 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51438">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51439">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51440">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51441">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51442">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51443">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51444">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51445">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51446">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51447">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51448">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51449">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51450">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51451">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51452">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51453">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51454">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51455">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51456">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51457">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51458">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51459">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51460">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51461">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51462">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51463">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51464">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51465">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51466">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51467">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51468">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51469">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51470">III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51471">III&ordf; q. 89 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51472">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51473">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51474">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51475">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51476">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51477">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51478">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51479">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51480">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51481">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51482">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51483">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51484">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51485">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51486">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51487">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51488">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51489">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51490">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51491">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51492">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51493">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51494">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51495">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51496">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51497">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51498">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51499">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51500">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51501">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51502">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51503">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51504">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51505">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51506">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51507">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51508">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51509">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51510">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51511">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51512">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 3');
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374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51513">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1');
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375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51514">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2');
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376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51515">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3');
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377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51516">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 s. c.');
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378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51517">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 co.');
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379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51518">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 1');
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380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51519">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 2');
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381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51520">III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 3');
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382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51521">III&ordf; q. 90 pr.');
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383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51522">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1');
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384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51523">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2');
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385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51524">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3');
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386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51525">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 s. c.');
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387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51526">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 co.');
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388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51527">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 1');
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389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51528">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 2');
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390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51529">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 3');
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391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51530">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1');
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392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51531">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2');
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393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51532">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3');
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394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51533">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 4');
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395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51534">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 s. c.');
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396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51535">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 co.');
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397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51536">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 1');
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398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51537">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 2');
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399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51538">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 3');
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400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51539">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 4');
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401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51540">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 5');
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402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51541">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1');
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403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51542">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2');
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404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51543">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3');
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405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51544">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 s. c.');
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406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51545">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 co.');
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407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51546">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 1');
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408 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51547">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 2');
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409 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51548">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 3');
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410 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51549">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1');
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411 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51550">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2');
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412 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51551">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3');
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413 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51552">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 s. c.');
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414 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51553">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 co.');
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415 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51554">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 1');
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416 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51555">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 2');
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417 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#51556">III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 3');
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418 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26
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419 document.write('<BR><BR>');
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420 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28
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421 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26
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422 // -->
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423 //]]>
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424 </script><br />
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diff changeset
425 <hr />
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diff changeset
426 <br /></div>
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diff changeset
427 <div class="D">Quaestio 84</div>
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diff changeset
428 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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429 <p title="III q. 84 pr."><a name="51204"><span class="ref">[51204]
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430 III&ordf; q. 84 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
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431 sacramento poenitentiae. Circa quod primo considerandum est de ipsa
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432 poenitentia; secundo, de effectu ipsius; tertio, de partibus eius;
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433 quarto, de suscipientibus hoc sacramentum; quinto, de potestate
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434 ministrorum; sexto, de solemni ritu huius sacramenti. Circa primum
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435 duo sunt consideranda, primo, de poenitentia secundum quod est
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436 sacramentum; secundo, de poenitentia secundum quod est virtus.
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437 Circa primum quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum poenitentia sit
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438 sacramentum. Secundo, de propria materia eius. Tertio, de forma
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439 ipsius. Quarto, utrum impositio manus requiratur ad hoc
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diff changeset
440 sacramentum. Quinto, utrum hoc sacramentum sit de necessitate
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441 salutis. Sexto, de ordine eius ad alia sacramenta. Septimo, de
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442 institutione eius. Octavo, de duratione ipsius. Nono, de
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443 continuitate eius. Decimo, utrum possit iterari.</p>
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444 <br />
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diff changeset
445 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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446 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51205"><span class=
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diff changeset
447 "ref">[51205] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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448 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit sacramentum. Gregorius
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449 enim dicit, et habetur in decretis, I, qu. I, <i>sacramenta sunt
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450 Baptisma, chrisma, corpus et sanguis Christi, quae ob id sacramenta
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451 dicuntur quia sub tegumento corporalium rerum divina virtus
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452 secretius operatur salutem</i>. Sed hoc non contingit in
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453 poenitentia, quia non adhibentur aliquae res corporales sub quibus
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454 divina virtus operetur salutem. Ergo poenitentia non est
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455 sacramentum.</p>
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456 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51206"><span class=
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457 "ref">[51206] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
458 sacramenta Ecclesiae a ministris Christi exhibentur, secundum illud
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diff changeset
459 I Cor. IV, <i>sic nos existimet homo ut ministros Christi et
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460 dispensatores mysteriorum Dei</i>. Sed poenitentia non exhibetur a
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461 ministris Christi, sed interius a Deo hominibus inspiratur,
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462 secundum illud Ierem. XXXI, <i>postquam convertisti me, egi
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463 poenitentiam</i>. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit
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464 sacramentum.</p>
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diff changeset
465 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51207"><span class=
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466 "ref">[51207] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
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467 sacramentis de quibus supra diximus, est aliquid quod est
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468 sacramentum tantum, aliquid quod est res et sacramentum, aliquid
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469 vero quod est res tantum, ut ex praemissis patet. Sed hoc non
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470 invenitur in poenitentia. Ergo poenitentia non est sacramentum.</p>
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471 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51208"><span class=
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472 "ref">[51208] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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473 quod, sicut Baptismus adhibetur ad purificandum a peccato, ita et
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474 poenitentia, unde et Petrus dixit Simoni, Act. VIII,
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475 <i>poenitentiam age ab hac nequitia tua</i>. Sed Baptismus est
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476 sacramentum, ut supra dictum est. Ergo pari ratione et
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477 poenitentia.</p>
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478 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 co."><a name="51209"><span class=
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diff changeset
479 "ref">[51209] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
480 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in capite supra dicto,
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diff changeset
481 <i>sacramentum est in aliqua celebratione, cum res gesta ita fit ut
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482 aliquid significative accipiamus quod sancte accipiendum est</i>.
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483 Manifestum est autem quod in poenitentia ita res gesta fit quod
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484 aliquid sanctum significatur, tam ex parte peccatoris poenitentis,
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485 quam ex parte sacerdotis absolventis, nam peccator poenitens per ea
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486 quae agit et dicit, significat cor suum a peccato recessisse;
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487 similiter etiam sacerdos per ea quae agit et dicit circa
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488 poenitentem, significat opus Dei remittentis peccatum. Unde
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489 manifestum est quod poenitentia quae in Ecclesia agitur, est
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490 sacramentum.</p>
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491 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51210"><span class=
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492 "ref">[51210] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
493 dicendum quod nomine corporalium rerum intelliguntur large etiam
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494 ipsi exteriores actus sensibiles, qui ita se habent in hoc
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495 sacramento sicut aqua in Baptismo vel chrisma in confirmatione. Est
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496 autem attendendum quod in illis sacramentis in quibus confertur
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497 excellens gratia, quae superabundat omnem facultatem humani actus,
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498 adhibetur aliqua corporalis materia exterius; sicut in Baptismo,
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499 ubi fit plena remissio peccatorum et quantum ad culpam et quantum
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500 ad poenam; et in confirmatione, ubi datur spiritus sancti
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501 plenitudo; et in extrema unctione, ubi confertur perfecta sanitas
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502 spiritualis; quae provenit ex virtute Christi quasi ex quodam
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503 extrinseco principio. Unde si qui actus humani sunt in talibus
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504 sacramentis, non sunt de essentia materiae sacramentorum, sed
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505 dispositive se habent ad sacramenta. In illis autem sacramentis
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506 quae habent effectum correspondentem humanis actibus, ipsi actus
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507 humani sensibiles sunt loco materiae, ut accidit in poenitentia et
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508 matrimonio. Sicut etiam in medicinis corporalibus quaedam sunt res
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509 exterius adhibitae, sicut emplastra et electuaria; quaedam vero
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510 sunt actus sanandorum, puta exercitationes quaedam.</p>
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511 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51211"><span class=
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512 "ref">[51211] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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513 dicendum quod in sacramentis quae habent corporalem materiam,
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514 oportet quod illa materia adhibeatur a ministro Ecclesiae, qui
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515 gerit personam Christi, in signum quod excellentia virtutis in
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516 sacramento operantis est a Christo. In sacramento autem
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517 poenitentiae, sicut dictum est, sunt actus humani pro materia, qui
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518 proveniunt ex inspiratione interna. Unde materia non adhibetur a
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519 ministro, sed a Deo interius operante, sed complementum sacramenti
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520 exhibet minister, dum poenitentem absolvit.</p>
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521 <p title="III q. 84 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51212"><span class=
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522 "ref">[51212] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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523 dicendum quod etiam in poenitentia est aliquid quod est sacramentum
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524 tantum, scilicet actus exercitus tam per peccatorem poenitentem,
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525 quam etiam per sacerdotem absolventem. Res autem et sacramentum est
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diff changeset
526 poenitentia interior peccatoris. Res autem tantum et non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
527 sacramentum est remissio peccati. Quorum primum totum simul sumptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
528 est causa secundi; primum autem et secundum sunt causa tertii.</p>
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diff changeset
529 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
530 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
531 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51213"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
532 "ref">[51213] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
533 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccata non sint propria materia huius
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diff changeset
534 sacramenti. Materia enim in aliis sacramentis per aliqua verba
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parents: 26
diff changeset
535 sanctificatur, et sanctificata effectum sacramenti operatur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
536 Peccata autem non possunt sanctificari, eo quod contrariantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
537 effectui sacramenti, qui est gratia remittens peccata. Ergo peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
538 non sunt materia propria huius sacramenti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
539 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51214"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
540 "ref">[51214] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
541 Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>nullus potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
542 inchoare novam vitam nisi eum veteris vitae poeniteat</i>. Sed ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
543 vetustatem vitae pertinent non solum peccata, sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
544 poenalitates praesentis vitae. Non ergo peccata sunt propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
545 materia poenitentiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
546 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51215"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
547 "ref">[51215] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
548 peccatorum quoddam est originale, quoddam mortale, quoddam veniale.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
549 Sed poenitentiae sacramentum non ordinatur contra originale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
550 peccatum, quod tollitur per Baptismum; neque etiam contra veniale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
551 quod tollitur per tunsionem pectoris, et aquam benedictam, et alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
552 huiusmodi. Ergo peccata non sunt propria materia poenitentiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
553 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51216"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
554 "ref">[51216] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
555 quod apostolus dicit, II Cor. XII, <i>non egerunt poenitentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
556 super immunditia et fornicatione et impudicitia quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
557 gesserunt</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
558 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 co."><a name="51217"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
559 "ref">[51217] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
560 dicendum quod duplex est materia, scilicet proxima et remota, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
561 statuae proxima materia est metallum, remota vero aqua. Dictum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
562 autem quod proxima materia huius sacramenti sunt actus poenitentis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
563 cuius materia sunt peccata, de quibus dolet, et quae confitetur, et
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diff changeset
564 pro quibus satisfacit. Unde relinquitur quod remota materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
565 poenitentiae sunt peccata, non attentanda, sed detestanda et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
566 destruenda.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
567 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51218"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
568 "ref">[51218] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
569 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de proxima materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
570 sacramenti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
571 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51219"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
572 "ref">[51219] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
573 dicendum quod vetus et mortalis vita est obiectum poenitentiae, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
574 ratione poenae, sed ratione culpae annexae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
575 <p title="III q. 84 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51220"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
576 "ref">[51220] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
577 dicendum quod poenitentia quodammodo est de quolibet peccatorum
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diff changeset
578 genere, non tamen eodem modo. Nam de peccato actuali mortali est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
579 poenitentia proprie et principaliter, proprie quidem, quia proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
580 dicimur poenitere de his quae nostra voluntate commisimus;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
581 principaliter autem, quia ad deletionem peccati mortalis hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
582 sacramentum est institutum. De peccatis autem venialibus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
583 quaedam poenitentia proprie, inquantum sunt nostra voluntate facta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
584 non tamen contra haec principaliter est hoc sacramentum institutum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
585 De peccato vero originali poenitentia nec principaliter est, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
586 contra ipsum non ordinatur hoc sacramentum, sed magis Baptismus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
587 nec etiam proprie, quia peccatum originale non est nostra voluntate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
588 peractum; nisi forte inquantum voluntas Adae reputatur nostra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
589 secundum modum loquendi quo apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
590 omnes peccaverunt</i>. Inquantum tamen accipitur poenitentia large
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parents: 26
diff changeset
591 pro quacumque detestatione rei praeteritae, potest dici poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
592 de peccato originali, sicut loquitur Augustinus in libro de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
593 poenitentia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
594 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
595 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
596 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51221"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
597 "ref">[51221] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
598 proceditur. Videtur quod haec non sit forma huius sacramenti, ego
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parents: 26
diff changeset
599 te absolvo. Formae enim sacramentorum ex institutione Christi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
600 usu Ecclesiae habentur. Sed Christus non legitur hanc formam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
601 instituisse. Neque etiam in communi usu habetur, quinimmo in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
602 quibusdam absolutionibus quae in Ecclesia publice fiunt, sicut in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
603 prima et completorio et in cena domini, absolvens non utitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
604 oratione indicativa, ut dicat, ego vos absolvo, sed oratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
605 deprecativa, cum dicit, misereatur vestri omnipotens Deus, vel,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
606 absolutionem tribuat vobis omnipotens Deus. Ergo haec non est forma
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parents: 26
diff changeset
607 huius sacramenti, ego te absolvo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
608 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51222"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
609 "ref">[51222] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Leo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
610 Papa dicit, <i>indulgentia Dei nisi supplicationibus sacerdotum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
611 nequit obtineri</i>. Loquitur autem de indulgentia Dei quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
612 praestatur poenitentibus. Ergo forma huius sacramenti debet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
613 per modum deprecationis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
614 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51223"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
615 "ref">[51223] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
616 idem est absolvere a peccato quod peccatum remittere. Sed <i>solus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
617 Deus peccatum remittit, qui etiam solus interius a peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
618 mundat</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
619 solus Deus a peccato absolvat. Non ergo debet dicere sacerdos, ego
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diff changeset
620 te absolvo, sicut non dicit, ego tibi peccata remitto.</p>
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diff changeset
621 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="51224"><span class=
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diff changeset
622 "ref">[51224] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
623 sicut dominus dedit potestatem discipulis absolvendi a peccatis,
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diff changeset
624 ita etiam dedit eis potestatem curandi infirmitates, scilicet <i>ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
625 Daemonia eiicerent et ut languores curarent</i>, ut habetur Matth.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
626 X et Luc. IX. Sed sanando infirmos apostoli non utebantur his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
627 verbis, ego te sano, sed, sanet te dominus Iesus Christus. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
628 videtur quod sacerdotes, habentes potestatem apostolis a Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
629 traditam, non debeant uti hac forma verborum, ego te absolvo, sed,
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diff changeset
630 absolutionem praebeat tibi Christus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
631 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="51225"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
632 "ref">[51225] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
633 quidam hac forma utentes sic eam exponunt, <i>ego te absolvo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
634 idest, absolutum ostendo</i>. Sed neque hoc sacerdos facere potest,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
635 nisi ei divinitus reveletur. Unde, ut legitur Matth. XVI, antequam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
636 Petro diceretur, <i>quodcumque solveris super terram, erit</i>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
637 etc., dictum est ei, <i>beatus es, Simon Bar Iona, quia caro et
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diff changeset
638 sanguis non revelavit tibi, sed pater meus, qui in caelis est</i>.
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diff changeset
639 Ergo videtur quod sacerdos cui non est facta revelatio,
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diff changeset
640 praesumptuose dicat, ego te absolvo, etiam si exponatur, idest,
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diff changeset
641 absolutum ostendo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
642 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51226"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
643 "ref">[51226] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
644 quod, sicut dominus dixit discipulis, Matth. ult., <i>euntes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
645 docete omnes gentes, baptizantes eos</i>, ita dixit Petro, Matth.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
646 XVI, <i>quodcumque solveris</i>. Sed sacerdos, auctoritate illorum
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diff changeset
647 verborum Christi fretus, dicit, ego te baptizo. Ergo, eadem
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diff changeset
648 auctoritate, dicere debet in hoc sacramento, ego te absolvo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
649 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 co."><a name="51227"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
650 "ref">[51227] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
651 dicendum quod in qualibet re perfectio attribuitur formae. Dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
652 est autem supra quod hoc sacramentum perficitur per ea quae sunt ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
653 parte sacerdotis. Unde oportet quod ea quae sunt ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
654 poenitentis, sive sint verba sive facta, sint quaedam materia huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
655 sacramenti, ea vero quae sunt ex parte sacerdotis, se habent per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
656 modum formae. Cum autem sacramenta novae legis efficiant quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
657 figurant, ut supra dictum est; oportet quod forma sacramenti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
658 significet id quod in sacramento agitur, proportionaliter materiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
659 sacramenti. Unde forma Baptismi est, ego te baptizo, et forma
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 confirmationis, <i>consigno te signo crucis et confirmo te
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parents: 26
diff changeset
661 chrismate salutis</i>, eo quod huiusmodi sacramenta perficiuntur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
662 usu materiae. In sacramento autem Eucharistiae, quod consistit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
663 ipsa consecratione materiae, exprimitur veritas consecrationis, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
664 dicitur, <i>hoc est corpus meum</i>. Hoc autem sacramentum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
665 scilicet poenitentiae, non consistit in consecratione alicuius
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diff changeset
666 materiae, nec in usu alicuius materiae sanctificatae, sed magis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 remotione cuiusdam materiae, scilicet peccati, prout peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
668 dicuntur esse materia poenitentiae, ut ex supra dictis patet. Talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
669 autem remotio significatur a sacerdote cum dicitur, ego te absolvo,
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diff changeset
670 nam peccata sunt quaedam vincula, secundum illud Proverb. V,
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diff changeset
671 <i>iniquitates suae capiunt impium, et funibus peccatorum suorum
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diff changeset
672 quisque constringitur</i>. Unde patet quod haec est
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diff changeset
673 convenientissima forma huius sacramenti, ego te absolvo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
674 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51228"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
675 "ref">[51228] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
676 dicendum quod ista forma sumitur ex ipsis verbis Christi quibus
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diff changeset
677 Petro dixit, <i>quodcumque solveris super terram</i>, et cetera. Et
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diff changeset
678 tali forma utitur Ecclesia in sacramentali absolutione. Huiusmodi
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diff changeset
679 autem absolutiones in publico factae non sunt sacramentales, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
680 sunt orationes quaedam ordinatae ad remissionem venialium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
681 peccatorum. Unde in sacramentali absolutione non sufficeret dicere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
682 misereatur tui omnipotens Deus, vel, absolutionem et remissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
683 tribuat tibi Deus, quia per haec verba sacerdos absolutionem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 significat fieri, sed petit ut fiat. Praemittitur tamen etiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
685 sacramentali absolutione talis oratio, ne impediatur effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
686 sacramenti ex parte poenitentis, cuius actus materialiter se habent
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diff changeset
687 in hoc sacramento, non autem in Baptismo vel in confirmatione.</p>
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diff changeset
688 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51229"><span class=
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diff changeset
689 "ref">[51229] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
690 dicendum quod verbum Leonis Papae est intelligendum quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
691 deprecationem quae praemittitur absolutioni. Non autem removet quin
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parents: 26
diff changeset
692 sacerdotes absolvant.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51230"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 "ref">[51230] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
695 dicendum quod solus Deus per auctoritatem et a peccato absolvit et
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diff changeset
696 peccata remittit. Sacerdotes autem utrumque faciunt per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 ministerium, inquantum scilicet verba sacerdotis in hoc sacramento
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parents: 26
diff changeset
698 instrumentaliter operantur, sicut etiam in aliis sacramentis; nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 virtus divina est quae interius operatur in omnibus sacramentalibus
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diff changeset
700 signis, sive sint res sive sint verba, sicut ex supra dictis patet.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
701 Unde et dominus utrumque expressit, nam Matth. XVI dixit Petro,
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diff changeset
702 <i>quodcumque solveris super terram</i>, etc.; et Ioan. XX dixit
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diff changeset
703 discipulis, <i>quorum remiseritis peccata, remittuntur eis</i>.
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diff changeset
704 Ideo tamen sacerdos potius dicit, ego te absolvo, quam, ego tibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 peccata remitto, quia hoc magis congruit verbis quae dominus dixit
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diff changeset
706 virtutem clavium ostendens, per quas sacerdotes absolvunt. Quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 tamen sacerdos sicut minister absolvit, convenienter apponitur
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diff changeset
708 aliquid quod pertineat ad primam auctoritatem Dei, scilicet ut
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diff changeset
709 dicatur, <i>ego te absolvo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
710 sancti</i>, vel, per virtutem passionis Christi, vel, auctoritate
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diff changeset
711 Dei, sicut Dionysius exponit, XIII cap. Caelest. Hier. Quia tamen
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diff changeset
712 hoc non est determinatum ex verbis Christi, sicut in Baptismo,
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diff changeset
713 talis appositio relinquitur arbitrio sacerdotis.</p>
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diff changeset
714 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="51231"><span class=
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diff changeset
715 "ref">[51231] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
716 dicendum quod apostolis non est data potestas ut ipsi sanarent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 infirmos, sed ut ad eorum orationem infirmi sanarentur. Est autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 eis collata potestas operandi instrumentaliter, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 ministerialiter, in sacramentis. Et ideo magis possunt in formis
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diff changeset
720 sacramentalibus exprimere actum suum quam in sanationibus
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diff changeset
721 infirmitatum. In quibus tamen non semper utebantur modo
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diff changeset
722 deprecativo, sed quandoque etiam modo indicativo et imperativo,
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diff changeset
723 sicut Act. III legitur quod Petrus dixit claudo, <i>quod habeo, hoc
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diff changeset
724 tibi do. In nomine Iesu Christi, surge et ambula</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
725 <p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="51232"><span class=
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diff changeset
726 "ref">[51232] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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diff changeset
727 dicendum quod ista expositio, <i>ego te absolvo, idest, absolutum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 ostendo</i>, quantum ad aliquid quidem vera est, non tamen est
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diff changeset
729 perfecta. Sacramenta enim novae legis non solum significant, sed
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diff changeset
730 etiam faciunt quod significant. Unde sicut sacerdos, baptizando
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diff changeset
731 aliquem, ostendit hominem interius ablutum per verba et facta, non
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diff changeset
732 solum significative, sed etiam effective; ita etiam cum dicit, ego
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diff changeset
733 te absolvo, ostendit hominem absolutum non solum significative, sed
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diff changeset
734 etiam effective. Nec tamen loquitur quasi de re incerta. Quia sicut
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diff changeset
735 alia sacramenta novae legis habent de se certum effectum ex virtute
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diff changeset
736 passionis Christi, licet possit impediri ex parte recipientis, ita
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diff changeset
737 etiam est et in hoc sacramento. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
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diff changeset
738 Adult. Coniug., <i>non est turpis nec difficilis post patrata et
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diff changeset
739 purgata adulteria reconciliatio coniugii, ubi per claves regni
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diff changeset
740 caelorum non dubitatur fieri remissio peccatorum</i>. Unde nec
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diff changeset
741 sacerdos indiget speciali revelatione sibi facta, sed sufficit
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diff changeset
742 generalis revelatio fidei, per quam remittuntur peccata. Unde
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diff changeset
743 revelatio fidei dicitur Petro facta fuisse. Esset autem perfectior
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diff changeset
744 expositio, ego te absolvo, idest, sacramentum absolutionis tibi
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diff changeset
745 impendo.</p>
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diff changeset
746 <br />
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diff changeset
747 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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diff changeset
748 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51233"><span class=
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diff changeset
749 "ref">[51233] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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diff changeset
750 proceditur. Videtur quod impositio manuum sacerdotis requiratur ad
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diff changeset
751 hoc sacramentum. Dicitur enim Marc. ult., <i>super aegros manus
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diff changeset
752 imponent, et bene habebunt</i>. Aegri autem spiritualiter sunt
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diff changeset
753 peccatores, qui recipiunt bonam habitudinem per hoc sacramentum.
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diff changeset
754 Ergo in hoc sacramento est manus impositio facienda.</p>
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diff changeset
755 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51234"><span class=
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diff changeset
756 "ref">[51234] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
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diff changeset
757 sacramento poenitentiae recuperat homo spiritum sanctum amissum,
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diff changeset
758 unde ex persona poenitentis dicitur in Psalmo, <i>redde mihi
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diff changeset
759 laetitiam salutaris tui, et spiritu principali confirma me</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
760 spiritus sanctus datur per impositionem manuum, legitur enim Act.
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diff changeset
761 VIII, quod <i>apostoli imponebant manus super illos, et accipiebant
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diff changeset
762 spiritum sanctum</i>; et Matth. XIX dicitur quod <i>oblati sunt
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diff changeset
763 domino parvuli ut eis manus imponeret</i>. Ergo in hoc sacramento
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 est manus impositio facienda.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51235"><span class=
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diff changeset
766 "ref">[51235] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
767 verba sacerdotis in hoc sacramento non sunt maioris efficaciae quam
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diff changeset
768 in aliis sacramentis. Sed in aliis sacramentis non sufficiunt verba
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diff changeset
769 ministri, nisi aliquem actum exerceret, sicut in Baptismo, simul
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diff changeset
770 cum hoc quod dicit sacerdos, ego te baptizo, requiritur corporalis
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diff changeset
771 ablutio. Ergo etiam, simul cum hoc quod dicit sacerdos, ego te
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diff changeset
772 absolvo, oportet quod aliquem actum exerceat circa poenitentem,
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diff changeset
773 imponendo ei manus.</p>
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diff changeset
774 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51236"><span class=
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diff changeset
775 "ref">[51236] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
776 quod dominus dixit Petro, <i>quodcumque solveris super terram,
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diff changeset
777 erit</i> etc., nullam mentionem de manus impositione faciens. Neque
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diff changeset
778 etiam cum omnibus apostolis simul dixit, <i>quorum remiseritis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 peccata, remittuntur eis</i>. Non ergo ad hoc sacramentum
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diff changeset
780 requiritur impositio manuum.</p>
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diff changeset
781 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 co."><a name="51237"><span class=
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diff changeset
782 "ref">[51237] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 dicendum quod impositio manuum in sacramentis Ecclesiae fit ad
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diff changeset
784 designandum aliquem copiosum effectum gratiae, quo illi quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 manus imponitur, quodammodo continuantur per quandam similitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 ministris, in quibus copia esse debet. Et ideo manus impositio fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 in sacramento confirmationis, in quo confertur plenitudo spiritus
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diff changeset
788 sancti; et in sacramento ordinis, in quo confertur quaedam
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diff changeset
789 excellentia potestatis in divinis ministeriis; unde et II Tim. I
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 dicitur, <i>resuscites gratiam Dei quae est in te per impositionem
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diff changeset
791 manuum mearum</i>. Sacramentum autem poenitentiae non ordinatur ad
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diff changeset
792 consequendum aliquam excellentiam gratiae, sed ad remissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 peccatorum. Et ideo ad hoc sacramentum non requiritur impositio,
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diff changeset
794 sicut etiam nec ad Baptismum, in quo tamen fit plenior remissio
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diff changeset
795 peccatorum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51238"><span class=
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diff changeset
797 "ref">[51238] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 dicendum quod illa manus impositio non est sacramentalis, sed
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diff changeset
799 ordinatur ad miracula facienda, ut scilicet per contactum manus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 hominis sanctificati etiam corporalis infirmitas tollatur. Sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 etiam legitur de domino, Marci VI, quod <i>infirmos impositis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 manibus curavit</i>; et Matth. VIII legitur quod per contactum
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diff changeset
803 leprosum mundavit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51239"><span class=
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diff changeset
805 "ref">[51239] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 dicendum quod non quaelibet acceptio spiritus sancti requirit manus
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diff changeset
807 impositionem, quia etiam in Baptismo accipit homo spiritum sanctum,
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diff changeset
808 nec tamen fit ibi manus impositio. Sed acceptio spiritus sancti cum
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diff changeset
809 plenitudine requirit manus impositionem, quod pertinet ad
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diff changeset
810 confirmationem.</p>
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diff changeset
811 <p title="III q. 84 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51240"><span class=
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diff changeset
812 "ref">[51240] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 dicendum quod in sacramentis quae perficiuntur in usu materiae,
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diff changeset
814 minister habet aliquem corporalem actum exercere circa eum qui
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diff changeset
815 suscipit sacramentum, sicut in Baptismo et confirmatione et extrema
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diff changeset
816 unctione. Sed hoc sacramentum non consistit in usu alicuius
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diff changeset
817 materiae exterius appositae, sed loco materiae se habent ea quae
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diff changeset
818 sunt ex parte poenitentis. Unde, sicut in Eucharistia sacerdos sola
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diff changeset
819 prolatione verborum super materiam perficit sacramentum, ita etiam
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diff changeset
820 sola verba sacerdotis absolventis super poenitentem perficiunt
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diff changeset
821 absolutionis sacramentum. Et si aliquis actus corporalis esset ex
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diff changeset
822 parte sacerdotis, non minus competeret crucesignatio, quae
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diff changeset
823 adhibetur in Eucharistia, quam manus impositio, in signum quod per
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diff changeset
824 sanguinem crucis Christi remittuntur peccata. Et tamen non est de
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diff changeset
825 necessitate sacramenti, sicut nec de necessitate Eucharistiae.</p>
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diff changeset
826 <br />
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diff changeset
827 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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diff changeset
828 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51241"><span class=
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diff changeset
829 "ref">[51241] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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diff changeset
830 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc sacramentum non sit de necessitate
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diff changeset
831 salutis. Quia super illud Psalmi, <i>qui seminant in lacrimis</i>
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diff changeset
832 etc., dicit Glossa, <i>noli esse tristis, si adsit tibi bona
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diff changeset
833 voluntas, unde metitur pax</i>. Sed tristitia est de ratione
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diff changeset
834 poenitentiae, secundum illud II Cor. VII, <i>quae secundum Deum est
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diff changeset
835 tristitia, poenitentiam in salutem stabilem operatur</i>. Ergo bona
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diff changeset
836 voluntas, sine poenitentia, sufficit ad salutem.</p>
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diff changeset
837 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51242"><span class=
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diff changeset
838 "ref">[51242] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
839 Proverb. X dicitur, <i>universa delicta operit caritas</i>; et
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diff changeset
840 infra, XV, <i>per misericordiam et fidem purgantur peccata</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
841 hoc sacramentum non est nisi ad purgandum peccata. Ergo, habendo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 caritatem et fidem et misericordiam, potest quisque salutem
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diff changeset
843 consequi, etiam sine poenitentiae sacramento.</p>
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diff changeset
844 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51243"><span class=
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diff changeset
845 "ref">[51243] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
846 sacramenta Ecclesiae initium habent ab institutione Christi. Sed,
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diff changeset
847 sicut legitur Ioan. VIII, Christus mulierem adulteram absolvit
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diff changeset
848 absque poenitentia. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit de
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diff changeset
849 necessitate salutis.</p>
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diff changeset
850 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51244"><span class=
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diff changeset
851 "ref">[51244] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
852 quod dominus dicit, Luc. XIII, <i>si poenitentiam non egeritis,
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diff changeset
853 omnes simul peribitis</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
854 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 co."><a name="51245"><span class=
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diff changeset
855 "ref">[51245] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
856 dicendum quod aliquid est necessarium ad salutem dupliciter, uno
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diff changeset
857 modo, absolute; alio modo, ex suppositione. Absolute quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 necessarium est illud sine quo nullus salutem consequi potest,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 sicut gratia Christi, et sacramentum Baptismi, per quod aliquis in
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diff changeset
860 Christo renascitur. Ex suppositione autem est necessarium
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diff changeset
861 sacramentum poenitentiae, quod quidem necessarium non est omnibus,
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diff changeset
862 sed peccato subiacentibus; dicitur enim in II Paralip. ult., <i>et
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diff changeset
863 tu, domine iustorum, non posuisti poenitentiam iustis, Abraham,
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diff changeset
864 Isaac et Iacob, his qui tibi non peccaverunt. Peccatum autem, cum
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diff changeset
865 consummatum fuerit, generat mortem</i>, ut dicitur Iac. I. Et ideo
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diff changeset
866 necessarium est ad salutem peccatoris quod peccatum removeatur ab
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diff changeset
867 eo. Quod quidem fieri non potest sine poenitentiae sacramento, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 quo operatur virtus passionis Christi per absolutionem sacerdotis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 simul cum opere poenitentis, qui cooperatur gratiae ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 destructionem peccati, sicut enim dicit Augustinus, super Ioan.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 <i>qui creavit te sine te, non iustificabit te sine te</i>. Unde
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diff changeset
872 patet quod sacramentum poenitentiae est necessarium ad salutem post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 peccatum, sicut medicatio corporalis postquam homo in morbum
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diff changeset
874 periculosum inciderit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51246"><span class=
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diff changeset
876 "ref">[51246] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 dicendum quod Glossa illa videtur intelligenda de eo cui adest bona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 voluntas sine interpolatione quae fit per peccatum, tales autem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 habent tristitiae causam. Sed ex quo bona voluntas tollitur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 peccatum, non potest restitui sine tristitia, qua quis dolet de
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diff changeset
881 peccato praeterito, quod pertinet ad poenitentiam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51247"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 "ref">[51247] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 dicendum quod ex quo aliquis peccatum incurrit, caritas et fides et
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diff changeset
885 misericordia non liberant hominem a peccato sine poenitentia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 Requirit enim caritas quod homo doleat de offensa in amicum
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diff changeset
887 commissa, et quod amico homo reconciliari studeat. Requirit etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 ipsa fides ut per virtutem passionis Christi, quae in sacramentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 Ecclesiae operatur, quaerat iustificari a peccatis. Requirit etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 ipsa misericordia ordinata ut homo subveniat poenitendo suae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 miseriae, quam per peccatum incurrit, secundum illud Proverb. XIV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 <i>miseros facit populos peccatum</i>, unde et Eccli. XXX dicitur,
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diff changeset
893 <i>miserere animae tuae placens Deo</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
894 <p title="III q. 84 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51248"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 "ref">[51248] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 dicendum quod ad potestatem excellentiae, quam solus Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 habuit, ut supra dictum est, pertinuit quod Christus effectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 sacramenti poenitentiae, qui est remissio peccatorum, contulit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 mulieri adulterae sine poenitentiae sacramento, licet non sine
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diff changeset
900 interiori poenitentia, quam ipse in ea per gratiam est
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diff changeset
901 operatus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51249"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 "ref">[51249] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit secunda tabula post
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diff changeset
907 naufragium. Quia super illud Isaiae III, <i>peccatum suum sicut
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diff changeset
908 Sodoma praedicaverunt</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>secunda tabula post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 naufragium est peccata abscondere</i>. Poenitentia autem non
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diff changeset
910 abscondit peccata, sed magis ea revelat. Ergo poenitentia non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 secunda tabula.</p>
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diff changeset
912 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51250"><span class=
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diff changeset
913 "ref">[51250] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
914 fundamentum in aedificio non tenet secundum, sed primum locum.
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diff changeset
915 Poenitentia autem in spirituali aedificio est fundamentum, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 illud Heb. VI, <i>non rursum iacientes fundamentum poenitentiae ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 operibus mortuis</i>. Unde et praecedit ipsum Baptismum, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 illud Act. II, <i>poenitentiam agite, et baptizetur unusquisque
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diff changeset
919 vestrum</i>. Ergo poenitentia non debet dici secunda tabula.</p>
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diff changeset
920 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51251"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 "ref">[51251] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
922 omnia sacramenta sunt quaedam tabulae, idest remedia contra
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diff changeset
923 peccatum. Sed poenitentia non tenet secundum locum inter
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diff changeset
924 sacramenta, sed magis quartum, ut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo
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diff changeset
925 poenitentia non debet dici secunda tabula post naufragium.</p>
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diff changeset
926 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51252"><span class=
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diff changeset
927 "ref">[51252] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
928 quod Hieronymus dicit quod <i>secunda tabula post naufragium est
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diff changeset
929 poenitentia</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
930 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 co."><a name="51253"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 "ref">[51253] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
932 dicendum quod id quod est per se, naturaliter prius est eo quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 per accidens, sicut et substantia prior est accidente. Sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 autem quaedam per se ordinantur ad salutem hominis, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 Baptismus, qui est spiritualis generatio, et confirmatio, quae est
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diff changeset
936 spirituale augmentum, et Eucharistia, quae est spirituale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
937 nutrimentum. Poenitentia autem ordinatur ad salutem hominis quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 per accidens, supposito quodam, scilicet ex suppositione peccati.
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diff changeset
939 Nisi enim homo peccaret actualiter, poenitentia non indigeret,
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diff changeset
940 indigeret tamen Baptismo et confirmatione et Eucharistia, sicut et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 in vita corporali non indigeret homo medicatione nisi infirmaretur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 indiget autem homo per se ad vitam generatione, augmento et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 nutrimento. Et ideo poenitentia tenet secundum locum respectu
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diff changeset
944 status integritatis, qui confertur et conservatur per sacramenta
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diff changeset
945 praedicta. Unde metaphorice dicitur secunda tabula post naufragium.
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diff changeset
946 Nam primum remedium mare transeuntibus est ut conserventur in navi
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diff changeset
947 integra, secundum autem remedium est, post navim fractam, ut
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diff changeset
948 aliquis tabulae adhaereat. Ita etiam primum remedium in mari huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 vitae est quod homo integritatem servet, secundum autem remedium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 est, si per peccatum integritatem perdiderit, quod per poenitentiam
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diff changeset
951 redeat.</p>
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diff changeset
952 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51254"><span class=
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diff changeset
953 "ref">[51254] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
954 dicendum quod abscondere peccata contingit dupliciter. Uno modo,
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diff changeset
955 dum ipsa peccata fiunt. Est autem peius peccare publice quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 occulte, tum quia peccator publicus videtur ex contemptu maiori
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diff changeset
957 peccare; tum etiam quia peccat cum scandalo aliorum. Et ideo est
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diff changeset
958 quoddam remedium in peccatis quod aliquis in occulto peccet. Et
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diff changeset
959 secundum hoc dicit Glossa quod <i>secunda tabula post naufragium
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diff changeset
960 est peccata abscondere</i>, non quod per hoc tollatur peccatum,
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diff changeset
961 sicut per poenitentiam; sed quia per hoc peccatum fit minus. Alio
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diff changeset
962 modo, aliquis abscondit peccatum prius factum per negligentiam
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diff changeset
963 confessionis. Et hoc contrariatur poenitentiae. Et sic abscondere
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diff changeset
964 peccatum non est secunda tabula, sed magis contrarium tabulae,
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diff changeset
965 dicitur enim Proverb. XXVIII, <i>qui abscondit scelera sua, non
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diff changeset
966 dirigetur</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
967 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51255"><span class=
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diff changeset
968 "ref">[51255] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
969 dicendum quod poenitentia non potest dici fundamentum spiritualis
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diff changeset
970 aedificii simpliciter, idest in prima aedificatione, sed est
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diff changeset
971 fundamentum in secunda reaedificatione, quae fit post destructionem
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diff changeset
972 peccati; nam primo redeuntibus ad Deum occurrit poenitentia.
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diff changeset
973 Apostolus tamen ibi loquitur de fundamento spiritualis doctrinae.
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diff changeset
974 Poenitentia autem quae Baptismum praecedit, non est poenitentiae
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diff changeset
975 sacramentum.</p>
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diff changeset
976 <p title="III q. 84 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51256"><span class=
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diff changeset
977 "ref">[51256] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
978 dicendum quod tria praecedentia sacramenta pertinent ad navem
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diff changeset
979 integram, idest ad statum integritatis, respectu cuius poenitentia
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diff changeset
980 dicitur secunda tabula.</p>
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diff changeset
981 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="51257"><span class=
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diff changeset
984 "ref">[51257] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
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diff changeset
985 sic proceditur. Videtur quod hoc sacramentum non fuerit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 convenienter institutum in nova lege. Ea enim quae sunt de iure
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 naturali, institutione non indigent. Sed poenitere de malis quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 quis gessit, est de iure naturali, non enim potest aliquis bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 diligere quin de contrario doleat. Ergo non est poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 convenienter instituta in nova lege.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="51258"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 "ref">[51258] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 illud quod fuit in veteri lege, instituendum non fuit. Sed etiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 veteri lege fuit poenitentia, unde et dominus conqueritur, Ierem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 VIII, dicens, <i>nullus est qui agat poenitentiam super peccato
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diff changeset
996 suo, dicens, quid feci?</i> Ergo poenitentia non debuit institui in
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diff changeset
997 nova lege.</p>
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diff changeset
998 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="51259"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 "ref">[51259] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 poenitentia consequenter se habet ad Baptismum, cum sit secunda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 tabula, ut supra dictum est. Sed poenitentia videtur a domino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 instituta ante Baptismum, nam in principio praedicationis suae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 legitur dominus dixisse, Matth. IV, <i>poenitentiam agite,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 appropinquabit enim regnum caelorum</i>. Ergo hoc sacramentum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 fuit convenienter institutum in nova lege.</p>
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diff changeset
1006 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="51260"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 "ref">[51260] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 sacramenta novae legis institutionem habent a Christo, ex cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 virtute operantur, ut supra dictum est. Sed Christus non videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 instituisse hoc sacramentum, cum ipse non sit usus eo, sicut aliis
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diff changeset
1011 sacramentis quae ipse instituit. Ergo hoc sacramentum non fuit
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diff changeset
1012 convenienter institutum in nova lege.</p>
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diff changeset
1013 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 s. c."><a name="51261"><span class=
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diff changeset
1014 "ref">[51261] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1015 quod dominus dicit, Luc. ult., <i>oportebat Christum pati, et
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diff changeset
1016 resurgere a mortuis die tertia, et praedicari in nomine eius
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diff changeset
1017 poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum in omnes gentes</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1018 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 co."><a name="51262"><span class=
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diff changeset
1019 "ref">[51262] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1020 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in hoc sacramento actus
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diff changeset
1021 poenitentis se habet sicut materia; id autem quod est ex parte
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diff changeset
1022 sacerdotis, qui operatur ut minister Christi, se habet ut formale
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diff changeset
1023 et completivum sacramenti. Materia vero, etiam in aliis
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diff changeset
1024 sacramentis, praeexistit a natura, ut aqua, vel ab aliqua arte, ut
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diff changeset
1025 panis, sed quod talis materia ad sacramentum assumatur, indiget
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diff changeset
1026 institutione hoc determinante. Sed forma sacramenti, et virtus
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diff changeset
1027 ipsius, totaliter est ex institutione Christi, ex cuius passione
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diff changeset
1028 procedit virtus sacramentorum. Sic igitur materia praeexistit a
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diff changeset
1029 natura, ex naturali enim ratione homo movetur ad poenitendum de
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diff changeset
1030 malis quae fecit, sed quod hoc vel illo modo homo poenitentiam
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diff changeset
1031 agat, est ex institutione divina. Unde et dominus, in principio
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diff changeset
1032 praedicationis suae, indixit hominibus ut non solum poeniterent,
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diff changeset
1033 sed etiam poenitentiam agerent, significans determinatos modos
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diff changeset
1034 actuum qui requiruntur ad hoc sacramentum. Sed id quod pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1035 officium ministrorum, determinavit Matth. XVI, ubi dixit Petro,
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diff changeset
1036 <i>tibi dabo claves regni caelorum</i>, et cetera. Efficaciam autem
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diff changeset
1037 huius sacramenti, et originem virtutis eius, manifestavit post
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diff changeset
1038 resurrectionem, Luc. ult., ubi dixit quod <i>oportebat praedicari
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diff changeset
1039 in nomine eius poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum in omnes
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diff changeset
1040 gentes</i>, praemisso de passione et resurrectione, virtute enim
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diff changeset
1041 nominis Iesu Christi patientis et resurgentis hoc sacramentum
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diff changeset
1042 efficaciam habet ad remissionem peccatorum. Et sic patet
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diff changeset
1043 convenienter hoc sacramentum in nova lege fuisse institutum.</p>
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diff changeset
1044 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="51263"><span class=
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diff changeset
1045 "ref">[51263] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1046 dicendum quod de iure naturali est quod aliquis poeniteat de malis
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diff changeset
1047 quae fecit, quantum ad hoc quod doleat se fecisse, et doloris
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diff changeset
1048 remedium quaerat per aliquem modum, et quod etiam aliqua signa
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diff changeset
1049 doloris ostendat, sicut Ninivitae fecerunt, ut legitur Ionae III.
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diff changeset
1050 In quibus tamen aliquid fuit adiunctum fidei quam ceperant ex
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diff changeset
1051 praedicatione Ionae, ut scilicet hoc agerent sub spe veniae
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diff changeset
1052 consequendae a Deo, secundum illud quod legitur ibi, <i>quis scit
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diff changeset
1053 si convertatur et ignoscat Deus, et revertatur a furore irae suae,
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diff changeset
1054 et non peribimus?</i> Sed, sicut alia quae sunt de iure naturali
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diff changeset
1055 determinationem acceperunt ex institutione legis divinae, ut in
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diff changeset
1056 secunda parte dictum est, ita etiam et poenitentia.</p>
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diff changeset
1057 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="51264"><span class=
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diff changeset
1058 "ref">[51264] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1059 dicendum quod ea quae sunt iuris naturalis diversimode
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diff changeset
1060 determinationem accipiunt in veteri et nova lege, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 congruit imperfectioni veteris legis et perfectioni novae. Unde et
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diff changeset
1062 poenitentia in veteri lege aliquam determinationem habuit. Quantum
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diff changeset
1063 quidem ad dolorem, ut esset magis in corde quam in exterioribus
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diff changeset
1064 signis, secundum illud Ioel II, <i>scindite corda vestra, et non
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diff changeset
1065 vestimenta vestra</i>. Quantum autem ad remedium doloris
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diff changeset
1066 quaerendum, ut aliquo modo ministris Dei peccata sua confiterentur,
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diff changeset
1067 ad minus in generali, unde dominus, Levit. V, dicit, <i>anima quae
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diff changeset
1068 peccaverit per ignorantiam, offeret arietem immaculatum de gregibus
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diff changeset
1069 sacerdoti, iuxta mensuram aestimationemque peccati, qui orabit pro
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diff changeset
1070 eo quod nesciens fecerit, et dimittetur ei</i>; in hoc enim ipso
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diff changeset
1071 quod oblationem faciebat aliquis pro peccato suo, quodammodo
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diff changeset
1072 peccatum suum sacerdoti confitebatur; et secundum hoc dicitur
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diff changeset
1073 Proverb. XXVIII, <i>qui abscondit scelera sua, non dirigetur, qui
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diff changeset
1074 autem confessus fuerit et reliquerit ea, misericordiam
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diff changeset
1075 consequetur</i>. Nondum autem instituta erat potestas clavium, quae
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diff changeset
1076 a passione Christi derivatur. Et per consequens nondum erat
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diff changeset
1077 institutum quod aliquis doleret de peccato cum proposito
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diff changeset
1078 subiiciendi se per confessionem et satisfactionem clavibus
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diff changeset
1079 Ecclesiae, sub spe consequendae veniae virtute passionis
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diff changeset
1080 Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
1081 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="51265"><span class=
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diff changeset
1082 "ref">[51265] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1083 dicendum quod, si quis recte consideret ea quae dominus dixit de
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diff changeset
1084 necessitate Baptismi, Ioan. III, tempore praecesserunt ea quae
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diff changeset
1085 dixit, Matth. IV, de necessitate poenitentiae. Nam id quod dixit
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diff changeset
1086 Nicodemo de Baptismo, fuit ante incarcerationem Ioannis, de quo
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diff changeset
1087 postea subditur quod baptizabat, illud vero quod de poenitentia
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diff changeset
1088 dixit, Matth. IV, fuit post incarcerationem Ioannis. Si tamen prius
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diff changeset
1089 ad poenitentiam induxisset quam ad Baptismum, hoc ideo esset quia
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diff changeset
1090 ante Baptismum etiam requiritur quaedam poenitentia, sicut et
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diff changeset
1091 Petrus dixit, Act. II, <i>poenitentiam agite, et baptizetur
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diff changeset
1092 unusquisque vestrum</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1093 <p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="51266"><span class=
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diff changeset
1094 "ref">[51266] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
1095 dicendum quod Christus non est usus Baptismo quem ipse instituit,
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diff changeset
1096 sed est baptizatus Baptismo Ioannis, ut supra dictum est. Sed nec
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diff changeset
1097 active usus est suo ministerio, quia ipse non baptizabat
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diff changeset
1098 communiter, sed discipuli eius, ut dicitur Ioan. IV; quamvis
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diff changeset
1099 credendum videtur quod discipulos baptizaverit, ut Augustinus
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diff changeset
1100 dicit, ad Seleucianum. Usus autem huius sacramenti, ab eo
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diff changeset
1101 instituti, nullo modo competebat, neque quantum ad hoc quod ipse
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diff changeset
1102 poeniteret, in quo peccatum non fuit; neque quantum ad hoc quod hoc
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diff changeset
1103 sacramentum aliis praeberet, quia, ad ostendendum misericordiam et
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diff changeset
1104 virtutem suam, effectum huius sacramenti sine sacramento praebebat,
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diff changeset
1105 ut supra dictum est. Sacramentum autem Eucharistiae et ipse
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diff changeset
1106 sumpsit, et aliis dedit. Tum ad commendandam excellentiam huius
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diff changeset
1107 sacramenti. Tum quia hoc sacramentum est memoriale suae passionis,
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diff changeset
1108 inquantum Christus est sacerdos et hostia.</p>
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diff changeset
1109 <br />
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diff changeset
1110 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
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diff changeset
1111 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="51267"><span class=
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diff changeset
1112 "ref">[51267] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
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diff changeset
1113 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non debeat durare usque ad
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diff changeset
1114 finem vitae. Poenitentia enim ordinatur ad deletionem peccati. Sed
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diff changeset
1115 poenitens statim consequitur remissionem peccatorum, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1116 Ezech. XVIII, <i>si poenitentiam egerit impius ab omnibus peccatis
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diff changeset
1117 suis quae operatus est, vita vivet et non morietur</i>. Ergo non
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diff changeset
1118 oportet ulterius poenitentiam protendi.</p>
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diff changeset
1119 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="51268"><span class=
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diff changeset
1120 "ref">[51268] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1121 agere poenitentiam pertinet ad statum incipientium. Sed homo de hoc
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diff changeset
1122 statu debet procedere ad statum proficientium, et ulterius ad
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diff changeset
1123 statum perfectorum. Ergo non debet homo poenitentiam agere usque ad
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diff changeset
1124 finem vitae.</p>
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diff changeset
1125 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="51269"><span class=
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diff changeset
1126 "ref">[51269] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1127 sicut in aliis sacramentis homo debet conservare statuta Ecclesiae,
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diff changeset
1128 ita et in hoc sacramento. Sed secundum canones determinata sunt
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diff changeset
1129 tempora poenitendi, ut scilicet ille qui hoc vel illud peccatum
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diff changeset
1130 commiserit, tot annis poeniteat. Ergo videtur quod non sit
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diff changeset
1131 poenitentia extendenda usque ad finem vitae.</p>
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diff changeset
1132 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 s. c."><a name="51270"><span class=
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diff changeset
1133 "ref">[51270] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1134 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, <i>quid restat
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diff changeset
1135 nobis nisi dolere in vita? Ubi enim dolor finitur, deficit
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diff changeset
1136 poenitentia. Si vero poenitentia finitur, quid derelinquitur de
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diff changeset
1137 venia?</i></p>
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diff changeset
1138 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 co."><a name="51271"><span class=
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diff changeset
1139 "ref">[51271] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1140 dicendum quod duplex est poenitentia, scilicet interior, et
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diff changeset
1141 exterior. Interior quidem poenitentia est qua quis dolet de peccato
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diff changeset
1142 commisso. Et talis poenitentia debet durare usque ad finem vitae.
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diff changeset
1143 Semper enim debet homini displicere quod peccavit, si enim ei
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diff changeset
1144 placeret peccasse, iam ex hoc ipso peccatum incurreret, et fructus
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diff changeset
1145 veniae perderet. Displicentia autem dolorem causat in eo qui est
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diff changeset
1146 susceptivus doloris, qualis est homo in hac vita. Post hanc vitam
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diff changeset
1147 autem sancti non sunt susceptivi doloris. Unde displicebunt eis
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diff changeset
1148 peccata praeterita sine omni tristitia, secundum illud Isaiae LXV,
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diff changeset
1149 <i>oblivioni traditae sunt angustiae priores</i>. Poenitentia vero
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diff changeset
1150 exterior est qua quis exteriora signa doloris ostendit, et
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diff changeset
1151 verbotenus confitetur peccata sua sacerdoti absolventi, et iuxta
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diff changeset
1152 eius arbitrium satisfacit. Et talis poenitentia non oportet quod
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diff changeset
1153 duret usque ad finem vitae, sed usque ad determinatum tempus,
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diff changeset
1154 secundum mensuram peccati.</p>
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diff changeset
1155 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="51272"><span class=
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diff changeset
1156 "ref">[51272] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1157 dicendum quod vera poenitentia non solum removet peccata
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diff changeset
1158 praeterita, sed etiam praeservat eum a peccatis futuris. Quamvis
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diff changeset
1159 igitur homo in primo instanti verae poenitentiae remissionem
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diff changeset
1160 consequatur praeteritorum peccatorum, oportet tamen in homine
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diff changeset
1161 perseverare poenitentiam, ne iterum incidat in peccatum.</p>
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diff changeset
1162 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="51273"><span class=
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diff changeset
1163 "ref">[51273] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1164 dicendum quod agere poenitentiam interiorem simul et exteriorem
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diff changeset
1165 pertinet ad statum incipientium, qui scilicet de novo redeunt a
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diff changeset
1166 peccato. Sed poenitentia interior habet locum etiam in
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diff changeset
1167 proficientibus et perfectis, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>ascensiones
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diff changeset
1168 in corde suo disposuit in valle lacrimarum</i>. Unde et ipse Paulus
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diff changeset
1169 dicebat, I Cor. XV, <i>non sum dignus vocari apostolus, quoniam
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diff changeset
1170 persecutus sum Ecclesiam Dei</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1171 <p title="III q. 84 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="51274"><span class=
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diff changeset
1172 "ref">[51274] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1173 dicendum quod illa tempora praefiguntur poenitentibus quantum ad
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diff changeset
1174 actionem exterioris poenitentiae.</p>
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diff changeset
1175 <br />
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diff changeset
1176 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
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diff changeset
1177 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="51275"><span class=
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diff changeset
1178 "ref">[51275] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
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diff changeset
1179 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non possit esse continua.
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diff changeset
1180 Dicitur enim Ierem. XXXI, <i>quiescat vox tua a ploratu, et oculi
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diff changeset
1181 tui a lacrimis</i>. Sed hoc esse non posset si poenitentia
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diff changeset
1182 continuaretur, quae consistit in ploratu et lacrimis. Ergo
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diff changeset
1183 poenitentia non potest continuari.</p>
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diff changeset
1184 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="51276"><span class=
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diff changeset
1185 "ref">[51276] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
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diff changeset
1186 quolibet bono opere debet homo gaudere, secundum illud Psalmi,
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diff changeset
1187 <i>servite domino in laetitia</i>. Sed agere poenitentiam est bonum
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diff changeset
1188 opus. Ergo de hoc ipso debet homo gaudere. Sed <i>non potest homo
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diff changeset
1189 simul tristari et gaudere</i>, ut patet per philosophum, IX Ethic.
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diff changeset
1190 Ergo non potest esse quod poenitens simul tristetur de peccatis
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diff changeset
1191 praeteritis, quod pertinet ad rationem poenitentiae.</p>
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diff changeset
1192 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="51277"><span class=
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diff changeset
1193 "ref">[51277] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, II
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diff changeset
1194 ad Cor. II, apostolus dicit, <i>consolemini</i>, scilicet
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diff changeset
1195 poenitentem, <i>ne forte abundantiori tristitia absorbeatur qui est
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diff changeset
1196 huiusmodi</i>. Sed consolatio depellit tristitiam, quae pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1197 rationem poenitentiae. Ergo poenitentia non debet esse
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diff changeset
1198 continua.</p>
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diff changeset
1199 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 s. c."><a name="51278"><span class=
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diff changeset
1200 "ref">[51278] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1201 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>dolor in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 poenitentia continue custodiatur</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 co."><a name="51279"><span class=
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diff changeset
1204 "ref">[51279] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1205 dicendum quod poenitere dicitur dupliciter, scilicet secundum
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diff changeset
1206 actum, et secundum habitum. Actu quidem impossibile est quod homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 continue poeniteat, quia necesse est quod actus poenitentis, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 interior sive exterior, interpoletur, ad minus somno et aliis quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 ad necessitatem corporis pertinent. Alio modo dicitur poenitere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 secundum habitum. Et sic oportet quod homo continue poeniteat, et
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diff changeset
1211 quantum ad hoc quod homo nunquam aliquid contrarium faciat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 poenitentiae, per quod habitualis dispositio poenitentis tollatur;
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diff changeset
1213 et quantum ad hoc quod debet in proposito gerere quod semper sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 peccata praeterita displiceant.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="51280"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 "ref">[51280] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 dicendum quod ploratus et lacrimae ad actum exterioris poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 pertinent, qui non solum non debet esse continuus, sed nec etiam
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diff changeset
1219 oportet quod duret usque ad finem vitae, ut dictum est. Unde et
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diff changeset
1220 signanter ibi subditur quod est merces operi tuo. Est autem merces
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diff changeset
1221 operis poenitentis plena remissio peccati et quantum ad culpam et
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diff changeset
1222 quantum ad poenam, post cuius consecutionem non est necesse quod
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diff changeset
1223 homo ulterius exteriorem poenitentiam agat. Per hoc tamen non
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diff changeset
1224 excluditur continuitas poenitentiae qualis dicta est.</p>
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diff changeset
1225 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="51281"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 "ref">[51281] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 dicendum quod de dolore et gaudio dupliciter loqui possumus. Uno
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diff changeset
1228 modo, secundum quod sunt passiones appetitus sensitivi. Et sic
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diff changeset
1229 nullo modo possunt esse simul, eo quod sunt omnino contrariae, vel
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diff changeset
1230 ex parte obiecti, puta cum sunt de eodem; vel saltem ex parte motus
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diff changeset
1231 cordis, nam gaudium est cum dilatatione cordis, tristitia vero cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 constrictione. Et hoc modo loquitur philosophus in IX Ethicorum.
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diff changeset
1233 Alio modo loqui possumus de gaudio et tristitia secundum quod
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diff changeset
1234 consistunt in simplici actu voluntatis, cui aliquid placet vel
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diff changeset
1235 displicet. Et secundum hoc, non possunt habere contrarietatem nisi
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diff changeset
1236 ex parte obiecti, puta cum sunt de eodem et secundum idem. Et sic
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diff changeset
1237 non possunt simul esse gaudium et tristitia, quia non potest simul
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diff changeset
1238 idem secundum idem placere et displicere. Si vero gaudium et
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diff changeset
1239 tristitia sic accepta non sint de eodem et secundum idem, sed vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 de diversis vel de eodem secundum diversa, sic non est contrarietas
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diff changeset
1241 gaudii et tristitiae. Unde nihil prohibet hominem simul gaudere et
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diff changeset
1242 tristari, puta, si videamus iustum affligi, simul placet nobis eius
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diff changeset
1243 iustitia, et displicet afflictio. Et hoc modo potest alicui
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diff changeset
1244 displicere quod peccavit, et placere quod hoc ei displicet cum spe
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diff changeset
1245 veniae, ita quod ipsa tristitia sit materia gaudii. Unde et
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diff changeset
1246 Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>semper doleat
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diff changeset
1247 poenitens, et de dolore gaudeat</i>. Si tamen tristitia nullo modo
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diff changeset
1248 compateretur sibi gaudium, per hoc non tolleretur habitualis
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diff changeset
1249 continuitas poenitentiae, sed actualis.</p>
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diff changeset
1250 <p title="III q. 84 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="51282"><span class=
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diff changeset
1251 "ref">[51282] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1252 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in II Ethic., ad virtutem
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diff changeset
1253 pertinet tenere medium in passionibus. Tristitia autem quae in
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diff changeset
1254 appetitu poenitentis sensitivo consequitur ex displicentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 voluntatis, passio quaedam est. Unde moderanda est secundum
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diff changeset
1256 virtutem, et eius superfluitas est vitiosa, quia inducit in
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diff changeset
1257 desperationem. Quod significat apostolus ibidem dicens, <i>ne
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diff changeset
1258 maiori tristitia absorbeatur qui eiusmodi est</i>. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 consolatio de qua ibi apostolus loquitur, est moderativa
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diff changeset
1260 tristitiae, non autem totaliter ablativa.</p>
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diff changeset
1261 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
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diff changeset
1263 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="51283"><span class=
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diff changeset
1264 "ref">[51283] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
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diff changeset
1265 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum poenitentiae non debeat
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diff changeset
1266 iterari. Dicit enim apostolus, Heb. VI, <i>impossibile est eos qui
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diff changeset
1267 semel illuminati sunt, et gustaverunt donum caeleste, et participes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 facti sunt spiritus sancti, et prolapsi sunt, rursus renovari ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 poenitentiam</i>. Sed quicumque poenituerunt, sunt illuminati, et
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diff changeset
1270 acceperunt donum spiritus sancti. Ergo quicumque peccat post
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diff changeset
1271 poenitentiam, non potest iterato poenitere.</p>
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diff changeset
1272 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="51284"><span class=
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diff changeset
1273 "ref">[51284] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1274 Ambrosius dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>reperiuntur qui
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diff changeset
1275 saepius agendam poenitentiam putant. Qui luxuriantur in Christo.
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diff changeset
1276 Nam, si vere poenitentiam agerent, iterandam postea non putarent,
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diff changeset
1277 quia, sicut unum est Baptisma, ita una poenitentia</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1278 Baptismus non iteratur. Ergo nec poenitentia.</p>
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diff changeset
1279 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="51285"><span class=
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diff changeset
1280 "ref">[51285] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1281 miracula quibus dominus infirmitates corporales sanavit,
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diff changeset
1282 significant sanationes spiritualium infirmitatum, quibus scilicet
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diff changeset
1283 homines liberantur a peccatis. Sed non legitur quod dominus aliquem
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diff changeset
1284 caecum bis illuminaverit, vel aliquem leprosum bis mundaverit, aut
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diff changeset
1285 aliquem mortuum bis suscitaverit. Ergo videtur quod nec alicui
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diff changeset
1286 peccatori bis per poenitentiam veniam largiatur.</p>
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diff changeset
1287 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 4"><a name="51286"><span class=
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diff changeset
1288 "ref">[51286] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1289 Gregorius dicit, in homilia Quadragesimae, <i>poenitentia est
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diff changeset
1290 anteacta peccata deflere, et flenda iterum non committere</i>. Et
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diff changeset
1291 Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono, <i>irrisor est, et non
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diff changeset
1292 poenitens, qui adhuc agit quod poenitet</i>. Si ergo aliquis vere
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diff changeset
1293 poeniteat, iterum non peccabit. Ergo non potest quod poenitentia
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diff changeset
1294 iteretur.</p>
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diff changeset
1295 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 5"><a name="51287"><span class=
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diff changeset
1296 "ref">[51287] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1297 sicut Baptismus habet efficaciam ex passione Christi, ita et
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diff changeset
1298 poenitentia. Sed Baptismus non iteratur, propter unitatem passionis
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diff changeset
1299 et mortis Christi. Ergo pari ratione et poenitentia non
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diff changeset
1300 iteratur.</p>
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diff changeset
1301 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 6"><a name="51288"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 "ref">[51288] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 Gregorius dicit, <i>facilitas veniae incentivum praebet
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diff changeset
1304 delinquendi</i>. Si ergo Deus frequenter veniam praebet per
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diff changeset
1305 poenitentiam, videtur quod ipse incentivum praebeat hominibus
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diff changeset
1306 delinquendi, et sic videtur delectari in peccatis. Quod eius
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diff changeset
1307 bonitati non congruit. Non ergo potest poenitentia iterari.</p>
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diff changeset
1308 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 s. c."><a name="51289"><span class=
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diff changeset
1309 "ref">[51289] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1310 quod homo inducitur ad misericordiam exemplo divinae misericordiae,
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diff changeset
1311 secundum illud Luc. VI, <i>estote misericordes, sicut et pater
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diff changeset
1312 vester misericors est</i>. Sed dominus hanc misericordiam
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diff changeset
1313 discipulis imponit, ut saepius remittant fratribus contra se
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diff changeset
1314 peccantibus, unde, sicut dicitur Matth. XVIII, Petro quaerenti,
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diff changeset
1315 <i>quoties peccaverit in me frater meus, dimittam ei usque
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diff changeset
1316 septies?</i> Respondit Iesus, <i>non dico tibi usque septies, sed
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diff changeset
1317 usque septuagesies septies</i>. Ergo etiam Deus saepius per
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diff changeset
1318 poenitentiam veniam peccantibus praebet, praesertim cum doceat nos
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diff changeset
1319 petere, <i>dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimittimus
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diff changeset
1320 debitoribus nostris</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1321 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 co."><a name="51290"><span class=
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diff changeset
1322 "ref">[51290] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1323 dicendum quod circa poenitentiam erraverunt quidam dicentes non
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diff changeset
1324 posse hominem per poenitentiam secundo consequi veniam peccatorum.
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diff changeset
1325 Quorum quidam, scilicet Novatiani, hoc in tantum extenderunt quod
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diff changeset
1326 dixerunt post primam poenitentiam quae agitur in Baptismo,
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diff changeset
1327 peccantes non posse per poenitentiam iterato restitui. Alii vero
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diff changeset
1328 fuerunt haeretici, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia,
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diff changeset
1329 qui post Baptismum dicebant quidem esse utilem poenitentiam, non
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diff changeset
1330 tamen pluries, sed semel tantum. Videntur autem huiusmodi errores
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diff changeset
1331 ex duobus processisse. Primo quidem, ex eo quod errabant circa
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diff changeset
1332 rationem verae poenitentiae. Cum enim ad veram poenitentiam caritas
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diff changeset
1333 requiratur, sine qua non delentur peccata, credebant quod caritas
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diff changeset
1334 semel habita non possit amitti, et per consequens quod poenitentia,
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diff changeset
1335 si sit vera, nunquam per peccatum tollatur, ut sit necesse eam
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diff changeset
1336 iterari. Sed hoc improbatum est in secunda parte, ubi ostensum est
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diff changeset
1337 quod caritas semel habita, propter libertatem arbitrii, potest
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diff changeset
1338 amitti; et per consequens post veram poenitentiam potest aliquis
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diff changeset
1339 peccare mortaliter. Secundo, ex eo quod errabant circa
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diff changeset
1340 aestimationem gravitatis peccati. Putabant enim adeo grave esse
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diff changeset
1341 peccatum quod aliquis committit post veniam impetratam, quod non
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diff changeset
1342 sit possibile ipsum remitti. In quo quidem errabant et ex parte
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diff changeset
1343 peccati, quod, etiam post remissionem consecutam, potest esse et
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diff changeset
1344 gravius et levius etiam quam fuerit ipsum primum peccatum remissum,
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diff changeset
1345 et multo magis contra infinitatem divinae misericordiae, quae est
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diff changeset
1346 super omnem numerum et magnitudinem peccatorum, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1347 Psalmi, <i>miserere mei, Deus, secundum magnam misericordiam tuam,
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diff changeset
1348 et secundum multitudinem miserationum tuarum, dele iniquitatem
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diff changeset
1349 meam</i>. Unde reprobatur verbum Caini dicentis, Genes. IV,
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diff changeset
1350 <i>maior est iniquitas mea quam ut veniam merear</i>. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1351 misericordia Dei peccantibus per poenitentiam veniam praebet absque
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diff changeset
1352 ullo termino. Unde dicitur II Paralip. ult., <i>immensa et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 investigabilis misericordia promissionis tuae super malitias
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diff changeset
1354 hominum</i>. Unde manifestum est quod poenitentia est pluries
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diff changeset
1355 iterabilis.</p>
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diff changeset
1356 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="51291"><span class=
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diff changeset
1357 "ref">[51291] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1358 dicendum quod, quia apud Iudaeos erant secundum legem quaedam
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diff changeset
1359 lavacra instituta, quibus pluries se ab immunditiis purgabant,
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diff changeset
1360 credebant aliqui Iudaeorum quod etiam per lavacrum Baptismi aliquis
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diff changeset
1361 pluries purificari possit. Ad quod excludendum, apostolus scribit
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diff changeset
1362 Hebraeis quod impossibile est eos qui semel sunt illuminati,
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diff changeset
1363 scilicet per Baptismum, rursum renovari ad poenitentiam, scilicet
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diff changeset
1364 per Baptismum, qui est <i>lavacrum regenerationis et renovationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 spiritus sancti</i>, ut dicitur ad Tit. III. Et rationem assignat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 ex hoc quod per Baptismum homo Christo commoritur, unde sequitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 <i>rursum crucifigentes in semetipsis filium Dei</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="51292"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 "ref">[51292] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 dicendum quod Ambrosius loquitur de poenitentia solemni, quae in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 Ecclesia non iteratur, ut infra dicetur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="51293"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 "ref">[51293] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia,
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diff changeset
1375 <i>multos caecos in diverso tempore dominus illuminavit, et multos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 debiles confortavit, ostendens in diversis illis eadem saepe
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 peccata dimitti, ut quem prius sanavit leprosum, alio tempore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 illuminat caecum. Ideo enim tot sanavit caecos, claudos et aridos,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 ne desperet saepe peccator. Ideo non scribitur aliquem nisi semel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 sanasse, ut quisque timeat se iungi peccato. Medicum se vocat, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 non sanis, sed male habentibus opportunum, sed qualis hic medicus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 qui malum iteratum nesciret curare? Medicorum enim est centies
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 infirmum centies curare. Qui ceteris minor esset, si alii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 possibilia ignoraret</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="51294"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 "ref">[51294] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 dicendum quod poenitere est anteacta peccata deflere et flenda non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 committere simul dum flet, vel actu vel proposito. Ille enim est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 irrisor et non poenitens qui, simul dum poenitet, agit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 poenitet, proponit enim iterum se facturum quod gessit, vel etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 actualiter peccat eodem vel alio genere peccati. Quod autem aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 postea peccat, vel actu vel proposito, non excludit quin prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 poenitentia vera fuerit. Nunquam enim veritas prioris actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 excluditur per actum contrarium subsequentem, sicut enim vere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 cucurrit qui postea sedet, ita vere poenituit qui postea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 peccat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 5"><a name="51295"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 "ref">[51295] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 dicendum quod Baptismus habet virtutem ex passione Christi sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 quaedam spiritualis regeneratio, cum spirituali morte praecedentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 vitae. Statutum est autem hominibus semel mori, et semel nasci. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 ideo semel tantum debet homo baptizari. Sed poenitentia habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 virtutem ex passione Christi sicut spiritualis medicatio, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 frequenter iterari potest.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 <p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 6"><a name="51296"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 "ref">[51296] III&ordf; q. 84 a. 10 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 dicendum quod Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, dicit quod
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diff changeset
1408 <i>constat Deo multum displicere peccata, qui semper praesto est ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 destruere, ne solvatur quod creavit, ne corrumpatur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 amavit</i>, scilicet per desperationem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 <div class="D">Quaestio 85</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 <p title="III q. 85 pr."><a name="51297"><span class="ref">[51297]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 III&ordf; q. 85 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 poenitentia secundum quod est virtus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 Primo, utrum poenitentia sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 specialis. Tertio, sub qua specie virtutis contineatur. Quarto, de
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diff changeset
1419 subiecto eius. Quinto, de causa ipsius. Sexto, de ordine eius ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 alias virtutes.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51298"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 "ref">[51298] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit virtus. Poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 enim est quoddam sacramentum aliis sacramentis connumeratum, ut ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 supra dictis patet. Sed nullum aliud sacramentorum est virtus. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 neque poenitentia est virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51299"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 "ref">[51299] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., verecundia non est virtus, tum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 quia est passio habens corporalem immutationem; tum etiam quia non
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diff changeset
1433 est dispositio perfecti, cum sit de turpi acto, quod non habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 locum in homine virtuoso. Sed similiter poenitentia est quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 passio habens corporalem immutationem, scilicet ploratum, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 Gregorius dicit quod <i>poenitere est peccata praeterita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 plangere</i>. Est etiam de turpibus factis, scilicet de peccatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 quae non habent locum in homine virtuoso. Ergo poenitentia non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51300"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 "ref">[51300] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., <i>nullus est stultus eorum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 sunt secundum virtutem</i>. Sed stultum videtur dolere de commisso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 praeterito, quod non potest non esse, quod tamen pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 poenitentiam. Ergo poenitentia non est virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51301"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 "ref">[51301] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 quod praecepta legis dantur de actibus virtutum, quia legislator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 intendit cives facere virtuosos, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 praeceptum divinae legis est de poenitentia, secundum illud Matth.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 III, poenitentiam agite, et cetera. Ergo poenitentia est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 co."><a name="51302"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 "ref">[51302] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, poenitere est de aliquo a se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 prius facto dolere. Dictum est autem supra quod dolor vel tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 dupliciter dicitur. Uno modo, secundum quod est passio quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 appetitus sensitivi. Et quantum ad hoc, poenitentia non est virtus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 sed passio alio modo, secundum quod consistit in voluntate. Et hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 modo est cum quadam electione. Quae quidem si sit recta, necesse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 est quod sit actus virtutis, dicitur enim in II Ethic. quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 <i>virtus est habitus electivus secundum rationem rectam</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 Pertinet autem ad rationem rectam quod aliquis doleat de quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 dolendum est. Quod quidem observatur in poenitentia de qua nunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 loquimur, nam poenitens assumit moderatum dolorem de peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 praeteritis, cum intentione removendi ea. Unde manifestum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 poenitentia de qua nunc loquimur, vel est virtus, vel actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 virtutis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51303"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 "ref">[51303] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in sacramento poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 materialiter se habent actus humani, quod non contingit in Baptismo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 vel confirmatione. Et ideo, cum virtus sit principium alicuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 actus, potius poenitentia est virtus, vel cum virtute, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 Baptismus vel confirmatio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51304"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 "ref">[51304] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 dicendum quod poenitentia, secundum quod est passio, non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 virtus, ut dictum est. Sic autem habet corporalem transmutationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 adiunctam. Est autem virtus secundum quod habet ex parte voluntatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 electionem rectam. Quod tamen magis potest dici de poenitentia quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 de verecundia. Nam verecundia respicit turpe factum ut praesens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 poenitentia vero respicit turpe factum ut praeteritum. Est autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 contra perfectionem virtutis quod aliquis in praesenti habeat turpe
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 factum, de quo oporteat eum verecundari. Non autem est contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 perfectionem virtutis quod aliquis prius commiserit turpia facta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 de quibus oporteat eum poenitere, cum ex vitioso fiat aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 virtuosus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 <p title="III q. 85 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 "ref">[51305] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 dicendum quod dolere de eo quod prius factum est cum hac intentione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 conandi ad hoc quod factum non fuerit, esset stultum. Hoc autem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 intendit poenitens, sed dolor eius est displicentia seu reprobatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 facti praeteriti cum intentione removendi sequelam ipsius, scilicet
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diff changeset
1495 offensam Dei et reatum poenae. Et hoc non est stultum.</p>
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diff changeset
1496 <br />
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diff changeset
1497 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 "ref">[51306] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 sic proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit specialis virtus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 Eiusdem enim rationis videtur esse gaudere de bonis prius actis, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 dolere de malis perpetratis. Sed gaudium de bono prius facto non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 est specialis virtus, sed est quidam affectus laudabilis ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 caritate proveniens, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de Civ. Dei, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 et apostolus, I Cor. XIII, dicit quod <i>caritas non gaudet super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 iniquitate, congaudet autem veritati</i>. Ergo pari ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 poenitentia, quae est dolor de peccatis praeteritis, non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 specialis virtus, sed est quidam affectus ex caritate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 proveniens.</p>
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diff changeset
1510 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 "ref">[51307] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 quaelibet virtus specialis habet materiam specialem, quia habitus
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diff changeset
1513 distinguuntur per actus, et actus per obiecta. Sed poenitentia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 habet materiam specialem, sunt enim eius materia peccata praeterita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 circa quamcumque materiam. Ergo poenitentia non est specialis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51308"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 "ref">[51308] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1519 nihil expellitur nisi a suo contrario. Sed poenitentia expellit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 omnia peccata. Ergo contrariatur omnibus peccatis. Non est ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 specialis virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51309"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 "ref">[51309] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 quod de ea datur speciale legis praeceptum, ut supra habitum
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diff changeset
1525 est.</p>
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diff changeset
1526 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 co."><a name="51310"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 "ref">[51310] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, species habituum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 distinguuntur secundum species actuum, et ideo ubi occurrit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 specialis actus laudabilis, ibi necesse est ponere specialem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 habitum virtutis. Manifestum est autem quod in poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 invenitur specialis ratio actus laudabilis, scilicet operari ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 destructionem peccati praeteriti inquantum est Dei offensa, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 non pertinet ad rationem alterius virtutis. Unde necesse est ponere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 quod poenitentia sit specialis virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51311"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 "ref">[51311] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 dicendum quod a caritate derivatur aliquis actus dupliciter. Uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 modo, sicut ab ea elicitus. Et talis actus virtuosus non requirit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 aliam virtutem praeter caritatem, sicut diligere bonum et gaudere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 de eo, et tristari de opposito. Alio modo aliquis actus a caritate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 procedit quasi a caritate imperatus. Et sic, quia ipsa imperat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 omnibus virtutibus, utpote ordinans eas ad finem suum, actus a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 caritate procedens potest etiam ad aliam virtutem specialem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 pertinere. Si ergo in actu poenitentis consideretur sola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 displicentia peccati praeteriti, hoc immediate ad caritatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 pertinet, sicut et gaudere de bonis praeteritis. Sed intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 operandi ad deletionem peccati praeteriti requirit specialem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 virtutem sub caritate.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51312"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 "ref">[51312] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 dicendum quod poenitentia habet quidem realiter generalem materiam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 inquantum respicit omnia peccata, sed tamen sub ratione speciali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 inquantum sunt emendabilia per actum hominis cooperantis Deo ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 suam iustificationem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 <p title="III q. 85 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51313"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 "ref">[51313] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus specialis expellit habitum vitii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 oppositi, sicut albedo expellit nigredinem ab eodem subiecto. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 poenitentia expellit omne peccatum effective, inquantum operatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 destructionem peccati, prout est remissibile ex divina gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 homine cooperante. Unde non sequitur quod sit virtus generalis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 "ref">[51314] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 proceditur. Videtur quod virtus poenitentiae non sit species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 iustitiae. Iustitia enim non est virtus theologica sed moralis, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 in secunda parte patet. Poenitentia autem videtur virtus esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 theologica, quia habet Deum pro obiecto, satisfacit enim Deo, cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 etiam reconciliat peccatorem. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 pars iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 "ref">[51315] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 iustitia, cum sit virtus moralis, consistit in medio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 poenitentia non consistit in medio, sed in quodam excessu, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 illud Ierem. VI, <i>luctum unigeniti fac tibi, planctum amarum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 Ergo poenitentia non est species iustitiae.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51316"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 "ref">[51316] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 duae sunt species iustitiae, ut dicitur in V Ethic., scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 distributiva et commutativa. Sed sub neutra videtur poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 contineri. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 iustitiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="51317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 "ref">[51317] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 super illud Luc. VI, <i>beati qui nunc fletis</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 <i>ecce prudentia, per quam ostenditur quam haec terrena sint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 misera, et quam beata caelestia</i>. Sed flere est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 poenitentiae. Ergo poenitentia magis est prudentiae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 iustitiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51318"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 "ref">[51318] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>poenitentia est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 quaedam dolentis vindicta, semper puniens in se quod dolet se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 commisisse</i>. Sed facere vindictam pertinet ad iustitiam, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 Tullius, in sua rhetorica, ponit vindicativam unam speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 iustitiae. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia sit species iustitiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 co."><a name="51319"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 "ref">[51319] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, poenitentia non habet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 sit virtus specialis ex hoc solo quod dolet de malo perpetrato, ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 hoc enim sufficeret caritas, sed ex eo quod poenitens dolet de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 peccato commisso inquantum est offensa Dei, cum emendationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 proposito. Emendatio autem offensae contra aliquem commissae fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 non per solam cessationem offensae, sed exigitur ulterius quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 recompensatio, quae habet locum in offensis in alterum commissis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 sicut et retributio, nisi quod recompensatio est ex parte eius qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 offendit, ut puta cum satisfactione; retributio autem est ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 eius in quem fuit offensa commissa. Utrumque autem ad materiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 iustitiae pertinet, quia utrumque est commutatio quaedam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 manifestum est quod poenitentia, secundum quod est virtus, est pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 iustitiae. Sciendum tamen quod, secundum philosophum, in V Ethic.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 dupliciter dicitur iustum, scilicet simpliciter, et secundum quid.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 Simpliciter quidem iustum est inter aequales, eo quod iustitia est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 aequalitas quaedam. Quod ipse vocat iustum politicum vel civile, eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 quod omnes cives aequales sunt, quantum ad hoc quod immediate sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 sub principe, sicut liberi existentes. Iustum autem secundum quid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 dicitur quod est inter illos quorum unus est sub potestate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 alterius, sicut servus sub domino, filius sub patre, uxor sub viro.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 Et tale iustum consideratur in poenitentia. Unde poenitens recurrit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 ad Deum, cum emendationis proposito, sicut servus ad dominum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>sicut oculi servorum in manibus dominorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 suorum, ita oculi nostri ad dominum Deum nostrum, donec misereatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 nostri</i>; et sicut filius ad patrem, secundum illud Luc. XV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 <i>pater, peccavi in caelum et coram te</i>; et sicut uxor ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 virum, secundum illud Ierem. III, <i>fornicata es cum amatoribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 multis, tamen revertere ad me, dicit dominus</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51320"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 "ref">[51320] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 dicendum quod, sicut in V Ethic. dicitur, iustitia est ad alterum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 Ille autem ad quem est iustitia, non dicitur esse materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 iustitiae, sed magis res quae distribuuntur vel commutantur. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 et materia poenitentiae non est Deus, sed actus humani quibus Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 offenditur vel placatur, sed Deus se habet sicut ille ad quem est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 iustitia. Ex quo patet quod poenitentia non est virtus theologica,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 quia non habet Deum pro materia vel pro obiecto.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51321"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 "ref">[51321] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 dicendum quod medium iustitiae est aequalitas quae constituitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 inter illos inter quos est iustitia, ut dicitur in V Ethic. In
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 quibusdam autem non potest perfecta aequalitas constitui, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 alterius excellentiam, sicut inter filium et patrem, inter hominem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 et Deum, ut philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic. Unde in talibus ille
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 qui est deficiens, debet facere quidquid potest, nec tamen hoc erit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 sufficiens, sed solum secundum acceptationem superioris. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 significatur per excessum qui attribuitur poenitentiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51322"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 "ref">[51322] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 dicendum quod, sicut est commutatio quaedam in beneficiis, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 scilicet aliquis pro beneficio recepto gratiam rependit, ita etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 est commutatio in offensis, cum aliquis pro offensa in alterum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 commissa vel invitus punitur, quod pertinet ad vindicativam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 iustitiam; vel voluntarie recompensat emendam, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 poenitentiam, quae respicit personam peccatoris sicut iustitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 vindicativa personam iudicis. Unde manifestum est quod utraque sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 iustitia commutativa continetur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 <p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="51323"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 "ref">[51323] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 dicendum quod poenitentia, licet directe sit species iustitiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 comprehendit tamen quodammodo ea quae pertinent ad omnes virtutes.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 Inquantum enim est iustitia quaedam hominis ad Deum, oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 participet ea quae sunt virtutum theologicarum, quae habent Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 pro obiecto. Unde poenitentia est cum fide passionis Christi, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 quam iustificamur a peccatis; et cum spe veniae; et cum odio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 vitiorum, quod pertinet ad caritatem inquantum vero est virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 moralis, participat aliquid prudentiae, quae est directiva omnium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 virtutum moralium. Sed ex ipsa ratione iustitiae non solum habet id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 quod iustitiae est, sed etiam ea quae sunt temperantiae et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 fortitudinis, inquantum scilicet ea quae delectationem causant ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 temperantiam pertinentem, vel terrorem incutiunt, quem fortitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 moderatur, in commutationem iustitiae veniunt. Et secundum hoc ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 iustitiam pertinet et abstinere a delectabilibus, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 temperantiam; et sustinere dura, quod pertinet ad fortitudinem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 "ref">[51324] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 proceditur. Videtur quod subiectum poenitentiae non sit proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 voluntas. Poenitentia enim est tristitiae species. Sed tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 est in concupiscibili, sicut et gaudium. Ergo poenitentia est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 concupiscibili.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 "ref">[51325] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 poenitentia est vindicta quaedam, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 poenitentia. Sed vindicta videtur ad irascibilem pertinere, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 ira est appetitus vindictae. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 irascibili.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 "ref">[51326] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 praeteritum est proprium obiectum memoriae, secundum philosophum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 in libro de memoria. Sed poenitentia est de praeterito, ut dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 est. Ergo poenitentia est in memoria sicuti in subiecto.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="51327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 "ref">[51327] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 nihil agit ubi non est. Sed poenitentia excludit peccata ab omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 viribus animae. Ergo poenitentia est in qualibet vi animae, et non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 in voluntate tantum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 "ref">[51328] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 poenitentia est sacrificium quoddam, secundum illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 <i>sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus</i>. Sed offerre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 sacrificium est actus voluntatis, secundum illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 <i>voluntarie sacrificabo tibi</i>. Ergo poenitentia est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 co."><a name="51329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 "ref">[51329] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 dicendum quod de poenitentia dupliciter loqui possumus. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 secundum quod est passio quaedam. Et sic, cum sit species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 tristitiae, est in concupiscibili sicut in subiecto. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 secundum quod est virtus. Et sic, sicut dictum est, est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 iustitiae. Iustitia autem, ut in secunda parte dictum est, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 pro subiecto appetitum rationis, qui est voluntas. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 est quod poenitentia, secundum quod est virtus, est in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 sicut in subiecto. Et proprius eius actus est propositum emendandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 Deo quod contra eum commissum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 "ref">[51330] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de poenitentia secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 passio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 "ref">[51331] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 dicendum quod vindictam expetere ex passione de alio pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 irascibilem. Sed appetere vel facere vindictam ex ratione de se vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 de alio, pertinet ad voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 "ref">[51332] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 dicendum quod memoria est vis apprehensiva praeteriti. Poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 autem non pertinet ad vim apprehensivam, sed ad appetitivam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 praesupponit actum apprehensivae. Unde poenitentia non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 memoria, sed supponit eam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 <p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="51333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 "ref">[51333] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 dicendum quod voluntas, sicut in prima parte habitum est, movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 omnes alias potentias animae. Et ideo non est inconveniens si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 poenitentia, in voluntate existens, aliquid in singulis potentiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 animae operatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 "ref">[51334] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 proceditur. Videtur quod principium poenitentiae non sit ex timore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 Poenitentia enim incipit in displicentia peccatorum. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 pertinet ad caritatem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo poenitentia magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 oritur ex amore quam ex timore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 "ref">[51335] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 poenitentiam homines provocantur per expectationem regni caelestis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 secundum illud Matth. IV, <i>poenitentiam agite, appropinquabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 enim regnum caelorum</i>. Sed regnum caelorum est obiectum spei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 Ergo poenitentia magis procedit ex spe quam ex timore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 "ref">[51336] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 timor est interior actus hominis. Poenitentia autem non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 esse ex opere hominis, sed ex opere Dei, secundum illud Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 XXXI, <i>postquam convertisti me, egi poenitentiam</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 poenitentia non procedit ex timore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 "ref">[51337] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 quod Isaiae XXVI dicitur, <i>sicut quae concipit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 appropinquaverit ad partum, dolens clamat in doloribus suis, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 facti sumus</i>, scilicet per poenitentiam, et postea subditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 secundum aliam litteram, <i>a timore tuo, domine, concepimus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 parturivimus, et peperimus spiritum salutis</i>, idest poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 salutaris, ut per praemissa patet. Ergo poenitentia procedit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 timore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 co."><a name="51338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 "ref">[51338] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 dicendum quod de poenitentia loqui possumus dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 quantum ad habitum. Et sic immediate a Deo infunditur, sine nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 principaliter operantibus, non tamen sine nobis dispositive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 cooperantibus per aliquos actus. Alio modo possumus loqui de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 poenitentia quantum ad actus quibus Deo operanti in poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 cooperamur. Quorum actuum primum principium est Dei operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 convertentis cor, secundum illud Thren. ult., <i>converte nos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 domine, ad te, et convertemur</i>. Secundus actus est motus fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 Tertius actus est motus timoris servilis, quo quis timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 suppliciorum a peccatis retrahitur. Quartus actus est motus spei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 quo quis, sub spe veniae consequendae, assumit propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 emendandi. Quintus actus est motus caritatis, quo alicui peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 displicet secundum seipsum, et non iam propter supplicia. Sextus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 actus est motus timoris filialis, quo, propter reverentiam Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 aliquis emendam Deo voluntarius offert. Sic igitur patet quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 poenitentiae a timore servili procedit sicut a primo motu affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 ad hoc ordinante, a timore autem filiali sicut ab immediato et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 proximo principio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 "ref">[51339] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 dicendum quod peccatum prius incipit homini displicere, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 peccatori, propter supplicia, quae respicit timor servilis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 propter Dei offensam vel peccati turpitudinem, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 caritatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 "ref">[51340] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 dicendum quod in regno caelorum appropinquante intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 adventus regis non solum praemiantis, sed etiam punientis. Unde et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 Matth. III, Ioannes Baptista dicebat, <i>progenies viperarum, quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 demonstravit vobis fugere a ventura ira?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 <p title="III q. 85 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 "ref">[51341] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 dicendum quod etiam ipse motus timoris procedit ex actu Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 convertentis cor, unde dicitur Deuteron. V, <i>quis det eos talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 habere mentem ut timeant me?</i> Et ideo per hoc quod poenitentia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 timore procedit, non excluditur quin procedat ex actu Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 convertentis cor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 "ref">[51342] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia sit prima virtutum. Quia super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 illud Matth. III, <i>poenitentiam agite</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 virtus est per poenitentiam punire veterem hominem et vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 odire</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 "ref">[51343] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 recedere a termino prius esse videtur quam accedere ad terminum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 Sed omnes aliae virtutes pertinere videntur ad accessum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 terminum, quia per omnes homo ordinatur ad bonum agendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 Poenitentia autem videtur ordinari ad recessum a malo. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 poenitentia videtur prior esse omnibus aliis virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 "ref">[51344] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 ante poenitentiam est peccatum in anima. Sed simul cum peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 nulla virtus animae inest. Ergo nulla virtus est ante poenitentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 sed ipsa videtur esse prima, quae aliis aditum aperit excludendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 "ref">[51345] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 quod poenitentia procedit ex fide, spe et caritate, sicut iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 dictum est. Non ergo poenitentia est prima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 co."><a name="51346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 "ref">[51346] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 dicendum quod in virtutibus non attenditur ordo temporis quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 habitus, quia, cum virtutes sint connexae, ut in secunda parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 habitum est, omnes simul incipiunt esse in anima. Sed dicitur una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 earum esse prior altera ordine naturae, qui consideratur ex ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 actuum, secundum scilicet quod actus unius virtutis praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 actum alterius virtutis. Secundum hoc ergo dicendum est quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 quidam laudabiles etiam tempore praecedere possunt actum et habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 poenitentiae, sicut actus fidei et spei informium, et actus timoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 servilis. Actus autem et habitus caritatis simul sunt tempore cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 actu et habitu poenitentiae, et cum habitibus aliarum virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 nam, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, in iustificatione impii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 simul est motus liberi arbitrii in Deum, qui est actus fidei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 caritatem formatus, et motus liberi arbitrii in peccatum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 actus poenitentiae. Horum tamen duorum actuum primus naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 praecedit secundum, nam actus poenitentiae virtutis est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 peccatum ex amore Dei, unde primus actus est ratio et causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 secundi. Sic igitur poenitentia non est simpliciter prima virtutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 nec ordine temporis nec ordine naturae, quia ordine naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 simpliciter praecedunt ipsam virtutes theologicae. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 aliquid est prima inter ceteras virtutes ordine temporis, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 ad actum eius qui primus occurrit in iustificatione impii. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 ordine naturae videntur esse aliae virtutes priores, sicut quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 per se prius est eo quod est per accidens, nam aliae virtutes per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 se videntur esse necessariae ad bonum hominis, poenitentia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 supposito quodam, scilicet peccato praeexistenti; sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 dictum est circa ordinem sacramenti poenitentiae ad alia sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 praedicta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 "ref">[51347] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur quantum ad hoc quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 poenitentiae primus est tempore inter actus aliarum virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 "ref">[51348] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1866 dicendum quod in motibus successivis recedere a termino est prius
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diff changeset
1867 tempore quam pervenire ad terminum; et prius natura quantum est ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 parte subiecti, sive secundum ordinem causae materialis. Sed
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diff changeset
1869 secundum ordinem causae agentis et finalis, prius est pervenire ad
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diff changeset
1870 terminum, hoc enim est quod primo agens intendit. Et hic ordo
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diff changeset
1871 praecipue attenditur in actibus animae, ut dicitur in II
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1872 physicorum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 <p title="III q. 85 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51349"><span class=
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diff changeset
1874 "ref">[51349] III&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1875 dicendum quod poenitentia aperit aditum virtutibus expellendo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1876 peccatum per virtutem fidei et caritatis, quae sunt naturaliter
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diff changeset
1877 priores. Ita tamen aperit eis aditum quod ipsae simul intrant cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1878 ipsa, nam in iustificatione impii simul cum motu liberi arbitrii in
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diff changeset
1879 Deum et in peccatum, est remissio culpae et infusio gratiae, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1880 qua simul infunduntur omnes virtutes, ut in secunda parte habitum
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1881 est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1882 <br />
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diff changeset
1883 <div class="D">Quaestio 86</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1884 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 <p title="III q. 86 pr."><a name="51350"><span class="ref">[51350]
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diff changeset
1886 III&ordf; q. 86 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de effectu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1887 poenitentiae. Et primo, quantum ad remissionem peccatorum
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diff changeset
1888 mortalium; secundo, quantum ad remissionem peccatorum venialium;
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diff changeset
1889 tertio, quantum ad reditum peccatorum dimissorum; quarto, quantum
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diff changeset
1890 ad restitutionem virtutum. Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo,
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diff changeset
1891 utrum peccata mortalia per poenitentiam auferantur. Secundo, utrum
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1892 possint sine poenitentia tolli. Tertio, utrum possit remitti unum
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1893 sine alio. Quarto, utrum poenitentia auferat culpam remanente
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diff changeset
1894 reatu. Quinto, utrum remaneant reliquiae peccatorum. Sexto, utrum
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1895 auferre peccatum sit effectus poenitentiae inquantum est virtus,
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1896 vel inquantum est sacramentum.</p>
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1897 <br />
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diff changeset
1898 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1899 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51351"><span class=
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diff changeset
1900 "ref">[51351] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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diff changeset
1901 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam non removeantur omnia
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diff changeset
1902 peccata. Dicit enim apostolus, Heb. XII, quod <i>Esau non invenit
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1903 locum poenitentiae, quamvis cum lacrimis inquisisset eam</i>,
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1904 Glossa, <i>idest, non invenit locum veniae et benedictionis per
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diff changeset
1905 poenitentiam</i>. Et II Machab. IX dicitur de Antiocho, <i>orabat
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diff changeset
1906 scelestus ille dominum, a quo non erat misericordiam
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diff changeset
1907 consecuturus</i>. Non ergo videtur quod per poenitentiam omnia
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1908 peccata tollantur.</p>
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diff changeset
1909 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51352"><span class=
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diff changeset
1910 "ref">[51352] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1911 dicit Augustinus, in libro de sermone Dom. in monte, quod <i>tanta
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1912 est labes illius peccati (scilicet, cum post agnitionem Dei per
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diff changeset
1913 gratiam Christi, oppugnat aliquis fraternitatem, et adversus ipsam
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1914 gratiam invidiae facibus agitatur), ut deprecandi humilitatem
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1915 subire non possit, etiam si peccatum suum mala conscientia
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1916 agnoscere et annuntiare cogatur</i>. Non ergo omne peccatum potest
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1917 per poenitentiam tolli.</p>
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diff changeset
1918 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51353"><span class=
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diff changeset
1919 "ref">[51353] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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1920 dominus dicit, Matth. XII, <i>qui dixerit contra spiritum sanctum
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1921 verbum, non remittetur ei neque in hoc saeculo neque in futuro</i>.
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1922 Non ergo omne peccatum remitti potest per poenitentiam.</p>
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diff changeset
1923 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51354"><span class=
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diff changeset
1924 "ref">[51354] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1925 quod dicitur Ezech. XVIII, <i>omnium iniquitatum eius quas operatus
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1926 est, non recordabor amplius</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1927 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 co."><a name="51355"><span class=
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diff changeset
1928 "ref">[51355] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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1929 dicendum quod hoc quod aliquod peccatum per poenitentiam tolli non
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1930 possit, posset contingere dupliciter, uno modo, quia aliquis de
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1931 peccato poenitere non posset; alio modo, quia poenitentia non
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1932 posset delere peccatum. Et primo quidem modo, non possunt deleri
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1933 peccata Daemonum, et etiam hominum damnatorum, quia affectus eorum
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1934 sunt in malo confirmati, ita quod non potest eis displicere
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1935 peccatum inquantum est culpa, sed solum displicet eis inquantum est
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1936 poena quam patiuntur; ratione cuius aliquam poenitentiam, sed
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1937 infructuosam habent, secundum illud Sap. V, <i>poenitentiam
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1938 agentes, et prae angustia spiritus gementes</i>. Unde talis
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diff changeset
1939 poenitentia non est cum spe veniae, sed cum desperatione. Tale
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1940 autem non potest esse peccatum aliquod hominis viatoris, cuius
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1941 liberum arbitrium flexibile est ad bonum et ad malum. Unde dicere
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1942 quod aliquod peccatum sit in hac vita de quo aliquis poenitere non
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1943 possit, est erroneum. Primo quidem, quia per hoc tolleretur
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1944 libertas arbitrii. Secundo, quia derogaretur virtuti gratiae, per
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diff changeset
1945 quam moveri potest cor cuiuscumque peccatoris ad poenitendum,
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diff changeset
1946 secundum illud Proverb. XXI <i>cor regis in manu Dei, et quocumque
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diff changeset
1947 voluerit vertet illud</i>. Quod autem secundo modo non possit per
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1948 veram poenitentiam aliquod peccatum remitti, est etiam erroneum.
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1949 Primo quidem, quia repugnat divinae misericordiae, de qua dicitur,
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1950 Ioel II, quod <i>benignus et misericors est, et multae
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1951 misericordiae, et praestabilis super malitia</i>. Vinceretur
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1952 quodammodo enim Deus ab homine, si homo peccatum vellet deleri,
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1953 quod Deus delere non vellet. Secundo, quia hoc derogaret virtuti
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diff changeset
1954 passionis Christi, per quam poenitentia operatur, sicut et cetera
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1955 sacramenta, cum scriptum sit, I Ioan. II, <i>ipse est propitiatio
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1956 pro peccatis nostris, non solum nostris, sed etiam totius
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1957 mundi</i>. Unde simpliciter dicendum est quod omne peccatum in hac
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1958 vita per poenitentiam deleri potest.</p>
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1959 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51356"><span class=
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1960 "ref">[51356] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1961 dicendum quod Esau non vere poenituit. Quod patet ex hoc quod
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1962 dixit, <i>venient dies luctus patris mei, et occidam Iacob fratrem
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1963 meum</i>. Similiter etiam nec Antiochus vere poenituit. Dolebat
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1964 enim de culpa praeterita non propter offensam Dei, sed propter
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1965 infirmitatem corporalem quam patiebatur.</p>
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1966 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51357"><span class=
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diff changeset
1967 "ref">[51357] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1968 dicendum quod illud verbum Augustini sic est intelligendum, tanta
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1969 est labes illius peccati ut deprecandi humilitatem subire non
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1970 possit, scilicet, de facili, secundum quod dicitur ille non posse
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1971 sanari qui non potest de facili sanari. Potest tamen hoc fieri per
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1972 virtutem divinae gratiae, quae etiam interdum in profundum maris
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1973 convertit, ut dicitur in Psalmo.</p>
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diff changeset
1974 <p title="III q. 86 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51358"><span class=
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diff changeset
1975 "ref">[51358] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1976 dicendum quod illud verbum vel blasphemia contra spiritum sanctum
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1977 est finalis impoenitentia, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis
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diff changeset
1978 domini, quae penitus irremissibilis est, quia post finem huius
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1979 vitae non est remissio peccatorum. Vel, si intelligatur per
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diff changeset
1980 blasphemiam spiritus sancti peccatum quod fit ex certa malitia, vel
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1981 etiam ipsa blasphemia spiritus sancti, dicitur non remitti,
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1982 scilicet de facili, quia tale non habet in se causam excusationis;
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1983 vel quia pro tali peccato punitur aliquis et in hoc saeculo et in
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1984 futuro; ut in secunda parte expositum est.</p>
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1985 <br />
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diff changeset
1986 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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diff changeset
1987 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51359"><span class=
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diff changeset
1988 "ref">[51359] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1989 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sine poenitentia peccatum remitti
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diff changeset
1990 possit. Non enim est minor virtus Dei circa adultos quam circa
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diff changeset
1991 pueros. Sed pueris peccata dimittit sine poenitentia. Ergo etiam et
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diff changeset
1992 adultis.</p>
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diff changeset
1993 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51360"><span class=
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diff changeset
1994 "ref">[51360] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1995 Deus virtutem suam sacramentis non alligavit. Sed poenitentia est
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diff changeset
1996 quoddam sacramentum. Ergo virtute divina possunt peccata sine
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diff changeset
1997 poenitentia dimitti.</p>
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diff changeset
1998 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51361"><span class=
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diff changeset
1999 "ref">[51361] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
2000 maior est misericordia Dei quam misericordia hominis. Sed homo
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diff changeset
2001 interdum remittit offensam suam homini etiam non poenitenti, unde
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diff changeset
2002 et ipse dominus mandat, Matth. V, <i>diligite inimicos vestros,
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diff changeset
2003 benefacite his qui oderunt vos</i>. Ergo multo magis Deus dimittit
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diff changeset
2004 offensam suam hominibus non poenitentibus.</p>
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diff changeset
2005 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51362"><span class=
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diff changeset
2006 "ref">[51362] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
2007 quod dominus dicit, Ierem. XVIII, <i>si poenitentiam egerit gens
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diff changeset
2008 illa a malo quod fecit, agam et ego poenitentiam a malo quod
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2009 cogitavi ut facerem ei</i>. Et sic e converso videtur quod, si homo
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diff changeset
2010 poenitentiam non agat, quod Deus ei non remittat offensam.</p>
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diff changeset
2011 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 co."><a name="51363"><span class=
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diff changeset
2012 "ref">[51363] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
2013 dicendum quod impossibile est peccatum actuale mortale sine
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diff changeset
2014 poenitentia remitti, loquendo de poenitentia quae est virtus. Cum
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diff changeset
2015 enim peccatum sit Dei offensa, eo modo Deus peccatum remittit quo
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diff changeset
2016 remittit offensam in se commissam. Offensa autem directe opponitur
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diff changeset
2017 gratiae, ex hoc enim dicitur aliquis alteri esse offensus, quod
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2018 repellit eum a gratia sua. Sicut autem habitum est in secunda
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diff changeset
2019 parte, hoc interest inter gratiam Dei et gratiam hominis, quod
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2020 gratia hominis non causat, sed praesupponit bonitatem, veram vel
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diff changeset
2021 apparentem, in homine grato, sed gratia Dei causat bonitatem in
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diff changeset
2022 homine grato, eo quod bona voluntas Dei, quae in nomine gratiae
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diff changeset
2023 intelligitur, est causa boni creati. Unde potest contingere quod
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diff changeset
2024 homo remittat offensam qua offensus est alicui, absque aliqua
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2025 immutatione voluntatis eius, non autem potest contingere quod Deus
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diff changeset
2026 remittat offensam alicui absque immutatione voluntatis eius.
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diff changeset
2027 Offensa autem peccati mortalis procedit ex hoc quod voluntas
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diff changeset
2028 hominis est aversa a Deo per conversionem ad aliquod bonum
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diff changeset
2029 commutabile. Unde requiritur ad remissionem divinae offensae quod
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diff changeset
2030 voluntas hominis sic immutetur quod convertatur ad Deum, cum
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diff changeset
2031 detestatione praedictae conversionis et proposito emendae. Quod
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2032 pertinet ad rationem poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus. Et ideo
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2033 impossibile est quod peccatum alicui remittatur sine poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 secundum quod est virtus. Sacramentum autem poenitentiae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 supra dictum est, perficitur per officium sacerdotis ligantis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 solventis. Sine quo potest Deus peccatum remittere, sicut remisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 Christus mulieri adulterae, ut legitur Ioan. VIII, et peccatrici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 ut legitur Luc. VII. Quibus tamen non remisit peccata sine virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 poenitentiae; nam, sicut Gregorius dicit, in homilia, per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 traxit intus, scilicet ad poenitentiam, <i>quam per misericordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 suscepit foris</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 "ref">[51364] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 dicendum quod in pueris non est nisi peccatum originale, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 consistit in actuali deordinatione voluntatis, sed in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 habituali deordinatione naturae, ut in secunda parte habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 Et ideo remittitur eis peccatum cum habituali immutatione per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 infusionem gratiae et virtutum, non autem cum actuali. Sed adulto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 in quo sunt actualia peccata, quae consistunt in deordinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 actuali voluntatis, non remittuntur peccata, etiam in Baptismo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 sine actuali immutatione voluntatis, quod fit per poenitentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 "ref">[51365] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de poenitentia secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 sacramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 <p title="III q. 86 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 "ref">[51366] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 dicendum quod misericordia Dei est maioris virtutis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 misericordia hominis in hoc, quod immutat voluntatem hominis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 poenitendum, quod misericordia hominis facere non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 "ref">[51367] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 proceditur. Videtur quod possit per poenitentiam unum peccatum sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 alio remitti. Dicitur enim Amos IV, <i>plui super unam civitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 et super alteram non plui, pars una compluta est, et pars super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 quam non plui, aruit</i>. Quod exponens Gregorius, super Ezech.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 dicit, <i>cum ille qui proximum odit ab aliis vitiis se corrigit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 una et eadem civitas ex parte compluitur, et ex parte arida manet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 quia sunt qui, cum quaedam vitia resecant, in aliis graviter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 perdurant</i>. Ergo potest unum peccatum per poenitentiam remitti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 sine alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 "ref">[51368] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 Ambrosius dicit, super beati immaculati, <i>prima consolatio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 quia non obliviscitur misereri Deus, secunda per punitionem, ubi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 et si fides desit, poena satisfacit et relevat</i>. Potest ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 aliquis relevari ab aliquo peccato manente peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 infidelitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 "ref">[51369] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 eorum quae non necesse est esse simul, unum potest auferri sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 alio. Sed peccata, ut in secunda parte habitum est, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 connexa, et ita unum eorum potest esse sine alio. Ergo unum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 potest remitti sine alio per poenitentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="51370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 "ref">[51370] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 peccata sunt debita quae nobis relaxari petimus cum dicimus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 oratione dominica, dimitte nobis debita nostra. Sed homo quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 dimittit debitum unum sine alio. Ergo etiam Deus per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 dimittit unum peccatum sine alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="51371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 "ref">[51371] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 dilectionem Dei relaxantur hominibus peccata, secundum illud Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 XXXI, <i>in caritate perpetua dilexi te, ideo attraxi te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 miserans</i>. Sed nihil prohibet quin Deus diligat hominem quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 ad unum, et sit ei offensus quantum ad aliud, sicut peccatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 diligit quantum ad naturam, odit autem quantum ad culpam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 videtur possibile quod Deus per poenitentiam remittat unum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 sine alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 "ref">[51372] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>sunt plures quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 poenitet peccasse, sed non omnino, reservantes sibi quaedam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 quibus delectentur, non animadvertentes dominum simul mutum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 surdum a Daemonio liberasse, per hoc docens nos nunquam nisi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 omnibus sanari</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 co."><a name="51373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 "ref">[51373] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 dicendum quod impossibile est per poenitentiam unum peccatum sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 alio remitti. Primo quidem, quia peccatum remittitur inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 tollitur Dei offensa per gratiam, unde in secunda parte habitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 quod nullum peccatum potest remitti sine gratia. Omne autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 peccatum mortale contrariatur gratiae, et excludit eam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 impossibile est quod unum peccatum sine alio remittatur. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 quia, sicut ostensum est, peccatum mortale non potest sine vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 poenitentia remitti, ad quam pertinet deserere peccatum inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 est contra Deum. Quod quidem est commune omnibus peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 mortalibus. Ubi autem eadem ratio est et idem effectus. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 potest esse vere poenitens qui de uno peccato poenitet et non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 alio. Si enim displiceret ei illud peccatum quia est contra Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 super omnia dilectum, quod requiritur ad rationem verae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 poenitentiae, sequeretur quod de omnibus peccatis poeniteret. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 sequitur quod impossibile sit unum peccatum remitti sine alio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 Tertio, quia hoc esset contra perfectionem misericordiae Dei, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 perfecta sunt opera, ut dicitur Deut. XXXII. Unde cuius miseretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 totaliter miseretur. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 poenitentia, <i>quaedam impietas infidelitatis est ab illo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 iustus et iustitia est, dimidiam sperare veniam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 "ref">[51374] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 dicendum quod verbum illud Gregorii non est intelligendum quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 ad remissionem culpae, sed quantum ad cessationem ab actu, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 interdum ille qui plura peccata consuevit committere, deserit unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 non tamen aliud. Quod quidem fit auxilio divino, quod tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 pertingit usque ad remissionem culpae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 "ref">[51375] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 dicendum quod in verbo illo Ambrosii fides non potest accipi qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 creditur in Christum, quia, ut Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 XV, <i>si non venissem et locutus eis non fuissem, peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 haberent</i>, scilicet infidelitatis, <i>hoc enim est peccatum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 tenentur cuncta peccata</i>. Sed accipitur fides pro conscientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 quia interdum per poenas quas quis patienter sustinet, consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 remissionem peccati cuius conscientiam non habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 "ref">[51376] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 dicendum quod peccata, quamvis non sint connexa quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 conversionem ad bonum commutabile, sunt tamen connexa quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 aversionem a bono incommutabili, in qua conveniunt omnia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 mortalia. Et ex hac parte habent rationem offensae, quam oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 per poenitentiam tolli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="51377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 "ref">[51377] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 dicendum quod debitum exterioris rei, puta pecuniae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 contrariatur amicitiae, ex qua debitum remittitur. Et ideo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 unum dimitti sine alio. Sed debitum culpae contrariatur amicitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 Et ideo una culpa vel offensa non remittitur sine altera. Ridiculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 etiam videretur quod aliquis ab homine veniam peteret de una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 offensa et non de alia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 <p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="51378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 "ref">[51378] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 dicendum quod dilectio qua Deus diligit hominis naturam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 ordinatur ad bonum gloriae, a qua impeditur homo per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 mortale peccatum. Sed dilectio gratiae, per quam fit remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 peccati mortalis, ordinat hominem ad vitam aeternam, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita aeterna</i>. Unde non est similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 "ref">[51379] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 proceditur. Videtur quod, remissa culpa per poenitentiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 remaneat reatus poenae. Remota enim causa, removetur effectus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 culpa est causa reatus poenae, ideo enim est aliquis dignus poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 quia culpam commisit. Ergo, remissa culpa, non potest remanere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 reatus poenae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 "ref">[51380] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. V, donum Christi est efficacius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 peccatum. Sed peccando homo simul incurrit culpam et poenae reatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 Ergo multo magis per donum gratiae simul remittitur culpa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 tollitur poenae reatus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 "ref">[51381] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 remissio peccatorum fit in poenitentia per virtutem passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 Christi, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>quem proposuit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine ipsius, propter remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 praecedentium delictorum</i>. Sed passio Christi sufficienter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 satisfactoria pro omnibus peccatis, ut supra habitum est. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 post remissionem culpae remanet aliquis reatus poenae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 "ref">[51382] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 quod, II Reg. XII, dicitur quod, cum David poenitens dixisset ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 Nathan, peccavi domino, dixit Nathan ad illum, <i>dominus quoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 transtulit peccatum tuum, non morieris. Veruntamen filius qui natus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 est tibi, morte morietur</i>, quod fuit in poenam praecedentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 peccati, ut ibidem dicitur. Ergo, remissa culpa, remanet reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 alicuius poenae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 co."><a name="51383"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 "ref">[51383] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, in peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 mortali sunt duo, scilicet aversio ab incommutabili bono, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 conversio ad commutabile bonum inordinata. Ex parte igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 aversionis ab incommutabili bono, consequitur peccatum mortale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 reatus poenae aeternae, ut qui contra aeternum bonum peccavit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 aeternum puniatur. Ex parte etiam conversionis ad bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 commutabile, inquantum est inordinata, consequitur peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 reatus alicuius poenae, quia inordinatio culpae non reducitur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 ordinem iustitiae nisi per poenam; iustum est enim ut qui voluntati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 suae plus indulsit quam debuit, contra voluntatem suam aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 patiatur, sic enim erit aequalitas; unde et Apoc. XVIII dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 <i>quantum glorificavit se et in deliciis fuit, tantum date illi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 tormentum et luctum</i>. Quia tamen conversio ad bonum commutabile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 finita est, non habet ex hac parte peccatum mortale quod debeatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 ei poena aeterna. Unde, si sit inordinata conversio ad bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 commutabile sine aversione a Deo, sicut est in peccatis venialibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 non debetur peccato poena aeterna, sed temporalis. Quando igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 per gratiam remittitur culpa, tollitur aversio animae a Deo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 inquantum per gratiam anima Deo coniungitur. Unde et per consequens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 simul tollitur reatus poenae aeternae. Potest tamen remanere reatus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 alicuius poenae temporalis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 "ref">[51384] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 dicendum quod culpa mortalis utrumque habet, et aversionem a Deo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 conversionem ad bonum creatum, sed, sicut in secunda parte habitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 est, aversio a Deo est ibi sicut formale, conversio autem ad bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 creatum est ibi sicut materiale. Remoto autem formali cuiuscumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 rei, tollitur species, sicut, remoto rationali, tollitur species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 humana. Et ideo ex hoc ipso dicitur culpa mortalis remitti, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 per gratiam tollitur aversio mentis a Deo, simul cum reatu poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 aeternae. Remanet tamen id quod est materiale, scilicet inordinata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 conversio ad bonum creatum. Pro qua debetur reatus poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 temporalis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 "ref">[51385] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, ad gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 pertinet operari in homine iustificando a peccato, et cooperari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 homini ad recte operandum. Remissio igitur culpae et reatus poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 aeternae pertinet ad gratiam operantem, sed remissio reatus poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 temporalis pertinet ad gratiam cooperantem, inquantum scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 homo, cum auxilio divinae gratiae, patienter poenas tolerando,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 absolvitur etiam a reatu poenae temporalis. Sicut igitur prius est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 effectus gratiae operantis quam cooperantis, ita etiam prius est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 remissio culpae et poenae aeternae quam plena absolutio a poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 temporali, utrumque enim est a gratia, sed primum a gratia sola,
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diff changeset
2248 secundum ex gratia et ex libero arbitrio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 <p title="III q. 86 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51386"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 "ref">[51386] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
2251 dicendum est quod passio Christi de se sufficiens est ad tollendum
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diff changeset
2252 omnem reatum poenae non solum aeternae, sed etiam temporalis, et
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diff changeset
2253 secundum modum quo homo participat virtutem passionis Christi,
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diff changeset
2254 percipit etiam absolutionem a reatu poenae. In Baptismo autem homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 participat totaliter virtutem passionis Christi, utpote per aquam
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diff changeset
2256 et spiritum Christo commortuus peccato et in eo regeneratus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 novam vitam. Et ideo in Baptismo homo consequitur remissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 reatus totius poenae. In poenitentia vero consequitur virtutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 passionis Christi secundum modum propriorum actuum, qui sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 materia poenitentiae, sicut aqua Baptismi, ut supra dictum est. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 ideo non statim per primum actum poenitentiae, quo remittitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 culpa, solvitur reatus totius poenae, sed completis omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 poenitentiae actibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 "ref">[51387] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 proceditur. Videtur quod, remissa culpa mortali, tollantur omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 reliquiae peccati. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia,
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diff changeset
2270 <i>nunquam dominus aliquem sanavit quem omnino non liberavit, totum
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diff changeset
2271 enim hominem sanavit in sabbato, quia corpus ab omni infirmitate,
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diff changeset
2272 et animam ab omni contagione</i>. Sed reliquiae peccati pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 ad infirmitatem peccati. Ergo non videtur possibile quod, remissa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 culpa, remaneant reliquiae peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 "ref">[51388] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., bonum est efficacius quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 malum, quia malum non agit nisi in virtute boni. Sed homo peccando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 simul totam infectionem peccati contrahit. Ergo multo magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 poenitendo liberatur etiam ab omnibus peccati reliquiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 "ref">[51389] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 opus Dei est efficacius quam opus hominis. Sed per exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 humanorum operum ad bonum tolluntur reliquiae peccati contrarii.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 Ergo multo magis tolluntur per remissionem culpae, quae est opus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 Dei.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51390"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 "ref">[51390] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 quod Marci VIII legitur quod caecus illuminatus a domino, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 restitutus est ad imperfectum visum, unde ait, <i>video homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 velut arbores ambulare</i>; deinde restitutus est perfecte, ita ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 videret clare omnia. Illuminatio autem caeci significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 liberationem peccatoris. Post primam ergo remissionem culpae, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 peccator restituitur ad visum spiritualem, adhuc remanent in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 reliquiae aliquae peccati praeteriti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 co."><a name="51391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 "ref">[51391] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 dicendum quod peccatum mortale ex parte conversionis inordinatae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 bonum commutabile quandam dispositionem causat in anima; vel etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 habitum, si actus frequenter iteretur. Sicut autem dictum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 culpa mortalis peccati remittitur inquantum tollitur per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 aversio mentis a Deo. Sublato autem eo quod est ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 aversionis, nihilominus remanere potest id quod est ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 conversionis inordinatae, cum hanc contingat esse sine illa, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 prius dictum est. Et ideo nihil prohibet quin remissa culpa,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 remaneant dispositiones ex praecedentibus actibus causatae, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 dicuntur peccati reliquiae. Remanent tamen debilitatae et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 diminutae, ita quod homini non dominentur. Et hoc magis per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 dispositionum quam per modum habituum, sicut etiam remanet fomes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 post Baptismum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 "ref">[51392] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 dicendum quod Deus totum hominem perfecte curat, sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 subito, sicut socrum Petri statim restituit perfectae sanitati, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 ut surgens ministraret ei, ut legitur Luc. IV; quandoque autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 successive, sicut dictum est de caeco illuminato, Marci VIII. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 ita etiam spiritualiter quandoque tanta commotione convertit cor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 hominis ut subito perfecte consequatur sanitatem spiritualem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 solum remissa culpa, sed sublatis omnibus peccati reliquiis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 patet de Magdalena, Luc. VII. Quandoque autem prius remittit culpam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 per gratiam operantem, et postea per gratiam cooperantem successive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 tollit peccati reliquias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 "ref">[51393] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 dicendum quod peccatum etiam quandoque statim inducit debilem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 dispositionem, utpote per unum actum causatam, quandoque autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 fortiorem, causatam per multos actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 <p title="III q. 86 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 "ref">[51394] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 dicendum quod uno actu humano non tolluntur omnes reliquiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 peccati, quia, ut dicitur in praedicamentis, <i>pravus, ad meliores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 exercitationes deductus, ad modicum aliquid proficiet, ut melior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 sit</i>, multiplicato autem exercitio, ad hoc pervenit ut sit bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 virtute acquisita. Hoc autem multo efficacius facit divina gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 sive uno sive pluribus actibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 "ref">[51395] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 proceditur. Videtur quod remissio culpae non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus. Dicitur enim poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 virtus secundum quod est principium humani actus. Sed humani actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 non operantur ad remissionem culpae, quae est effectus gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 operantis. Ergo remissio culpae non est effectus poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 secundum quod est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 "ref">[51396] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 quaedam aliae virtutes sunt excellentiores poenitentia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 remissio culpae non dicitur effectus alicuius alterius virtutis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 Ergo etiam non est effectus poenitentiae secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 "ref">[51397] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 remissio culpae non est nisi ex virtute passionis Christi, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 illud Heb. IX, <i>sine sanguinis effusione non fit remissio</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 Sed poenitentia inquantum est sacramentum, operatur in virtute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 passionis Christi, sicut et cetera sacramenta, ut ex supra dictis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 patet. Ergo remissio culpae non est effectus poenitentiae inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 est virtus, sed inquantum est sacramentum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51398"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 "ref">[51398] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 illud est proprie causa alicuius sine quo esse non potest, omnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 enim effectus dependet a sua causa. Sed remissio culpae potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 a Deo sine poenitentiae sacramento, non autem sine poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 secundum quod est virtus, ut supra dictum est. Unde et ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 sacramenta novae legis poenitentibus Deus peccata remittebat. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 remissio culpae est effectus poenitentiae secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 co."><a name="51399"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 "ref">[51399] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 dicendum quod poenitentia est virtus secundum quod est principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 quorundam actuum humanorum. Actus autem humani qui sunt ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 peccatoris, materialiter se habent in sacramento poenitentiae. Omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 autem sacramentum producit effectum suum non solum virtute formae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 sed etiam virtute materiae, ex utroque enim est unum sacramentum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 ut supra habitum est. Unde, sicut remissio culpae fit in Baptismo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 non solum virtute formae, ex qua et ipsa aqua virtutem recipit; ita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 etiam remissio culpae est effectus poenitentiae, principalius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 quidem ex virtute clavium, quam habent ministri, ex quorum parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 accipitur id quod est formale in hoc sacramento, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 est; secundario autem ex vi actuum poenitentis pertinentium ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 virtutem poenitentiae, tamen prout hi actus aliqualiter ordinantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 ad claves Ecclesiae. Et sic patet quod remissio culpae est effectus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus, principalius tamen secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 quod est sacramentum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51400"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 "ref">[51400] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 dicendum quod effectus gratiae operantis est iustificatio impii, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 in secunda parte dictum est. In qua, ut ibidem dictum est, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 solum est gratiae infusio et remissio culpae, sed etiam motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 liberi arbitrii in Deum, qui est actus fidei formatae, et motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 liberi arbitrii in peccatum, qui est actus poenitentiae. Hi tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 actus humani sunt ibi ut effectus gratiae operantis simul producti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 cum remissione culpae. Unde remissio culpae non fit sine actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 poenitentiae virtutis, licet sit effectus gratiae operantis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 "ref">[51401] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 dicendum quod in iustificatione impii non solum est actus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 poenitentiae, sed etiam actus fidei, ut dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 remissio culpae non ponitur effectus solum poenitentiae virtutis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 sed principalius fidei et caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 "ref">[51402] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 dicendum quod ad passionem Christi ordinatur actus poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 virtutis et per fidem et per ordinem ad claves Ecclesiae. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 utroque modo causat remissionem culpae virtute passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 Christi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 <p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="51403"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 "ref">[51403] III&ordf; q. 86 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad id autem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 in contrarium obiicitur, dicendum est quod actus poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 virtutis habet quod sine eo non possit fieri remissio culpae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 inquantum est inseparabilis effectus gratiae, per quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 principaliter culpa remittitur, quae etiam operatur in omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 sacramentis. Et ideo per hoc non potest concludi nisi quod gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 est principalior causa remissionis culpae quam poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 sacramentum. Sciendum tamen quod etiam in veteri lege et in lege
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 naturae erat aliqualiter sacramentum poenitentiae, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 <div class="D">Quaestio 87</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 <p title="III q. 87 pr."><a name="51404"><span class="ref">[51404]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 III&ordf; q. 87 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 remissione venialium peccatorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 Primo, utrum sine poenitentia peccatum veniale possit dimitti.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 Secundo, utrum possit dimitti sine gratiae infusione. Tertio, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 peccata venialia remittantur per aspersionem aquae benedictae, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 tunsionem pectoris, et orationem dominicam, et alia huiusmodi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 Quarto, utrum veniale possit dimitti sine mortali.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 "ref">[51405] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 proceditur. Videtur quod veniale peccatum possit remitti sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 poenitentia. Pertinet enim, ut supra dictum est, ad rationem verae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 poenitentiae quod non solum homo doleat de peccato praeterito, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 etiam proponat cavere de futuro. Sed sine tali proposito peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 venialia dimittuntur, cum certum sit homini quod sine peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 venialibus praesentem vitam ducere non possit. Ergo peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 venialia possunt remitti sine poenitentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 "ref">[51406] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 poenitentia non est sine actuali displicentia peccatorum. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 peccata venialia possunt dimitti sine displicentia eorum, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 patet in eo qui dormiens occideretur propter Christum; statim enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 evolaret, quod non contingit manentibus peccatis venialibus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 peccata venialia possunt remitti sine poenitentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 "ref">[51407] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 peccata venialia opponuntur fervori caritatis, ut in secunda parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 dictum est. Sed unum oppositorum tollitur per aliud. Ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 fervorem caritatis, quem contingit esse sine actuali displicentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 peccati venialis, fit remissio peccatorum venialium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 "ref">[51408] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, quod <i>est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 poenitentia quae quotidie agitur in Ecclesia pro peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 venialibus</i>. Quae frustra esset si sine poenitentia peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 venialia possunt dimitti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 co."><a name="51409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 "ref">[51409] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 dicendum quod remissio culpae, sicut dictum est, fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 coniunctionem ad Deum, a quo aliqualiter separat culpa. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 separatio perfecte quidem fit per peccatum mortale, imperfecte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 autem per peccatum veniale, nam per peccatum mortale mens omnino a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 Deo avertitur, utpote contra caritatem agens; per peccatum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 veniale retardatur affectus hominis ne prompte in Deum feratur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 ideo utrumque peccatum per poenitentiam quidem remittitur, quia per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 utrumque deordinatur voluntas hominis per immoderatam conversionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 ad bonum creatum, sicut enim peccatum mortale remitti non potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 quandiu voluntas peccato adhaeret, ita etiam nec peccatum veniale,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 quia, manente causa, manet effectus. Exigitur autem ad remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 peccati mortalis perfectior poenitentia, ut scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 actualiter peccatum mortale commissum detestetur quantum in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 est, ut scilicet diligentiam adhibeat ad rememorandum singula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 peccata mortalia, ut singula detestetur. Sed hoc non requiritur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 remissionem venialium peccatorum. Non tamen sufficit habitualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 displicentia, quae habetur per habitum caritatis vel poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 virtutis, quia sic caritas non compateretur peccatum veniale, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 patet esse falsum. Unde sequitur quod requiratur quaedam virtualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 displicentia, puta cum aliquis fertur hoc modo secundum affectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 Deum et res divinas ut quidquid ei occurrat quod eum ab hoc motu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 retardaret, displiceret ei, et doleret se hoc commisisse, etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 actu de illo non cogitaret. Quod tamen non sufficit ad remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 peccati mortalis, nisi quantum ad peccata oblita post diligentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 inquisitionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 "ref">[51410] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 dicendum quod homo in gratia constitutus potest vitare omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 peccata mortalia et singula; potest etiam vitare singula peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 venialia, sed non omnia; ut patet ex his quae in secunda parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 dicta sunt. Et ideo poenitentia de peccatis mortalibus requirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 quod homo proponat abstinere ab omnibus et singulis peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 mortalibus. Sed ad poenitentiam peccatorum venialium requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 quod proponat abstinere a singulis, non tamen ab omnibus, quia hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 infirmitas huius vitae non patitur. Debet tamen habere propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 se praeparandi ad peccata venialia minuenda, alioquin esset ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 periculum deficiendi, cum desereret appetitum proficiendi, seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 tollendi impedimenta spiritualis profectus, quae sunt peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 venialia.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 "ref">[51411] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 dicendum quod passio pro Christo suscepta, sicut supra dictum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 obtinet vim Baptismi. Et ideo purgat ab omni culpa et mortali et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 veniali, nisi actualiter voluntatem peccato invenerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 inhaerentem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 <p title="III q. 87 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 "ref">[51412] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 dicendum quod fervor caritatis virtualiter implicat displicentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 venialium peccatorum, ut supra dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 "ref">[51413] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad remissionem venialium peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 requiratur gratiae infusio. Effectus enim non est sine propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 causa. Sed propria causa remissionis peccatorum est gratia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 enim ex meritis propriis hominis peccata propria remittuntur; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 dicitur Ephes. II, <i>Deus, qui dives est in misericordia, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 nimiam caritatem qua dilexit nos, cum essemus mortui peccatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 convivificavit nos in Christo, cuius gratia salvati estis</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 peccata venialia non remittuntur sine gratiae infusione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 "ref">[51414] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 peccata venialia non remittuntur sine poenitentia. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 poenitentia infunditur gratia, sicut et in aliis sacramentis novae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 legis. Ergo peccata venialia non remittuntur sine gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 infusione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 "ref">[51415] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 peccatum veniale maculam quandam animae infert. Sed macula non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 aufertur nisi per gratiam, quae est spiritualis animae decor. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 videtur quod peccata venialia non remittantur sine gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 infusione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 "ref">[51416] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 quod peccatum veniale adveniens non tollit gratiam, neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 diminuit eam, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Ergo, pari ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 ad hoc quod peccatum veniale remittatur, non requiritur novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 gratiae infusio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 co."><a name="51417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 "ref">[51417] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 dicendum quod unumquodque tollitur per suum oppositum. Peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 autem veniale non contrariatur habituali gratiae vel caritati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 retardat actum eius, inquantum nimis haeret homo bono creato, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 non contra Deum, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Et ideo ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 quod peccatum tollatur, non requiritur aliqua habitualis gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 sed sufficit aliquis motus gratiae vel caritatis ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 remissionem. Quia tamen in habentibus usum liberi arbitrii, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 quibus solum possunt esse peccata venialia, non contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 infusionem gratiae sine actuali motu liberi arbitrii in Deum et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 peccatum; ideo, quandocumque de novo gratia infunditur, peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 venialia remittuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 "ref">[51418] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 dicendum quod etiam remissio peccatorum venialium est effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 gratiae, per actum scilicet quem de novo elicit, non autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 aliquid habituale de novo animae infusum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 "ref">[51419] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 dicendum quod veniale peccatum nunquam remittitur sine aliquali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 actu poenitentiae virtutis, explicito scilicet vel implicito, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 supra dictum est. Potest tamen remitti veniale peccatum sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 poenitentiae sacramento, quod in absolutione sacerdotis formaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 perficitur, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo non sequitur quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 remissionem venialis requiratur gratiae infusio, quae licet sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 quolibet sacramento, non tamen in quolibet actu virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 <p title="III q. 87 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 "ref">[51420] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 dicendum quod, sicut in corpore contingit esse maculam dupliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 uno modo per privationem eius quod requiritur ad decorem, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 debiti coloris aut debitae proportionis membrorum, alio modo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 superinductionem alicuius impedientis decorem, puta luti aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 pulveris; ita etiam in anima inducitur macula uno modo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 privationem decoris gratiae per peccatum mortale, alio modo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 inclinationem inordinatam affectus ad aliquid temporale; et hoc fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 per peccatum veniale. Et ideo ad tollendam maculam mortalis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 requiritur infusio gratiae, sed ad tollendam maculam peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 venialis, requiritur aliquis actus procedens a gratia per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 removeatur inordinata adhaesio ad rem temporalem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 "ref">[51421] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 proceditur. Videtur quod peccata venialia non remittantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 aspersionem aquae benedictae, et episcopalem benedictionem, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 huiusmodi. Peccata enim venialia non remittuntur sine poenitentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 ut dictum est. Sed poenitentia per se sufficit ad remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 venialium peccatorum. Ergo ista nihil operantur ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 remissionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 "ref">[51422] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 quodlibet istorum relationem habet ad unum peccatum veniale, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 omnia. Si ergo per aliquod istorum remittitur peccatum veniale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 sequetur quod pari ratione remittantur omnia. Et ita per unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 tunsionem pectoris, vel per unam aspersionem aquae benedictae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 redderetur homo immunis ab omnibus peccatis venialibus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 videtur inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 "ref">[51423] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 peccata venialia inducunt reatum alicuius poenae, licet temporalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 dicitur enim, I Cor. III, de eo qui <i>superaedificat lignum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 faenum et stipulam, quod salvus erit, sic tamen quasi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 ignem</i>. Sed huiusmodi per quae dicitur peccatum veniale remitti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 vel nullam vel minimam poenam in se habent. Ergo non sufficiunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 plenam remissionem venialium peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 "ref">[51424] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, quod pro levibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 peccatis pectora nostra tundimus, <i>et dicimus, dimitte nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 debita nostra</i>. Et ita videtur quod tunsio pectoris et oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 dominica causent remissionem peccatorum. Et eadem ratio videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 esse de aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 co."><a name="51425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 "ref">[51425] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad remissionem venialis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 non requiritur novae gratiae infusio, sed sufficit aliquis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 procedens ex gratia quo homo detestetur peccatum vel explicite, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 saltem implicite, sicut cum aliquis ferventer movetur in Deum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 ideo triplici ratione aliqua causant remissionem venialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 peccatorum. Uno modo, inquantum in eis infunditur gratia, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 infusionem gratiae tolluntur peccata venialia, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 Et hoc modo per Eucharistiam et extremam unctionem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 universaliter per omnia sacramenta novae legis, in quibus confertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 gratia, peccata venialia remittuntur. Secundo, inquantum sunt cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 aliquo motu detestationis peccatorum. Et hoc modo confessio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 generalis, tunsio pectoris, et oratio dominica operantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 remissionem venialium peccatorum, nam in oratione dominica petimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 dimitte nobis debita nostra. Tertio, inquantum sunt cum aliquo motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 reverentiae in Deum et ad res divinas. Et hoc modo benedictio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 episcopalis, aspersio aquae benedictae, quaelibet sacramentalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 unctio, oratio in Ecclesia dedicata, et si qua alia sunt huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 operantur ad remissionem peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 "ref">[51426] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 dicendum quod omnia ista causant remissionem peccatorum venialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 inquantum inclinant animam ad motum poenitentiae, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 detestatio peccatorum, vel implicite vel explicite.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 "ref">[51427] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 dicendum quod omnia ista, quantum est de se, operantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 remissionem omnium venialium peccatorum. Potest tamen impediri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 remissio quantum ad aliqua peccata venialia, quibus mens actualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 inhaeret, sicut etiam per fictionem impeditur aliquando effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 Baptismi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 <p title="III q. 87 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 "ref">[51428] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 dicendum quod per praedicta tolluntur quidem peccata venialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 quantum ad culpam, tum virtute alicuius sanctificationis, tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 virtute caritatis, cuius motus per praedicta excitatur. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 per quodlibet praedictorum semper tollitur totus reatus poenae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 quia sic qui esset omnino immunis a peccato mortali, aspersus aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 benedicta statim evolaret. Sed reatus poenae remittitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 praedicta secundum motum fervoris in Deum, qui per praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 excitatur quandoque magis, quandoque minus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 "ref">[51429] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 proceditur. Videtur quod veniale peccatum possit remitti sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 mortali. Quia super illud Ioan. VIII, <i>qui sine peccato est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 vestrum, primus in illam lapidem mittat</i>, dicit quaedam Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 quod <i>omnes illi erant in peccato mortali, venialia enim eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 dimittebantur per caeremonias</i>. Ergo veniale peccatum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 remitti sine mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 "ref">[51430] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 remissionem peccati venialis non requiritur gratiae infusio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 Requiritur autem ad remissionem mortalis. Ergo veniale peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 potest remitti sine mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 "ref">[51431] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 plus distat veniale peccatum a mortali quam ab alio veniali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 unum veniale potest dimitti sine alio, ut dictum est. Ergo veniale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 potest dimitti sine mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 "ref">[51432] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 quod dicitur Matth. V, non exibis inde, scilicet de carcere, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 quem introducitur homo pro peccato mortali, donec reddas novissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 quadrantem, per quem significatur veniale peccatum. Ergo veniale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 peccatum non remittitur sine mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 co."><a name="51433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 "ref">[51433] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, remissio culpae cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 nunquam fit nisi per virtutem gratiae, quia, ut apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 Rom. IV, ad gratiam Dei pertinet quod Deus alicui non imputat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 peccatum, quod Glossa ibi exponit de veniali. Ille autem qui est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 peccato mortali, caret gratia Dei. Unde nullum peccatum veniale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 sibi remittitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 "ref">[51434] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 dicendum quod venialia ibi dicuntur irregularitates sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 immunditiae quas contrahebant secundum legem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 "ref">[51435] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 dicendum quod, licet ad remissionem peccati venialis non requiratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 nova infusio habitualis gratiae, requiritur tamen aliquis gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 actus. Qui non potest esse in eo qui subiacet peccato mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 <p title="III q. 87 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 "ref">[51436] III&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 dicendum quod peccatum veniale non excludit omnem actum gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 per quem possunt omnia peccata venialia dimitti. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 mortale excludit totaliter habitum gratiae, sine quo nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 peccatum mortale vel veniale remittitur. Et ideo non est similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 <div class="D">Quaestio 88</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 <p title="III q. 88 pr."><a name="51437"><span class="ref">[51437]
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 III&ordf; q. 88 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de reditu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 peccatorum post poenitentiam dimissorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 quatuor. Primo, utrum peccata per poenitentiam dimissa redeant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 simpliciter per sequens peccatum. Secundo, utrum aliquo modo per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 ingratitudinem redeant specialius secundum quaedam peccata. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 utrum redeant in aequali reatu. Quarto, utrum illa ingratitudo per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 quam redeunt, sit speciale peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51438"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 "ref">[51438] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 proceditur. Videtur quod peccata dimissa redeant per sequens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 peccatum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro I de Baptismo, <i>redire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 dimissa peccata ubi fraterna caritas non est, apertissime dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 in Evangelio docet in illo servo a quo dimissum debitum dominus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 petiit eo quod ille conservo suo debitum nollet dimittere</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 fraterna caritas tollitur per quodlibet peccatum mortale. Ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 quodlibet sequens mortale peccatum redeunt peccata prius per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 poenitentiam dimissa.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 "ref">[51439] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 super illud Luc. XI, <i>revertar in domum meam unde exivi</i>,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 dicit Beda, <i>timendus est ille versiculus, non exponendus, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 culpa quam in nobis extinctam credebamus, per incuriam nos vacantes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 opprimat</i>. Hoc autem non esset nisi rediret. Ergo culpa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 poenitentiam dimissa redit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 "ref">[51440] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 Ezech. XVIII dominus dicit, <i>si averterit se iustus a iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 sua et fecerit iniquitatem, omnes iustitiae eius quas fecerat, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 recordabuntur amplius</i>. Sed inter alias iustitias quas fecit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 etiam praecedens poenitentia concurrit, cum supra dictum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 poenitentiam esse partem iustitiae. Ergo, postquam poenitens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 peccat, non imputatur ei praecedens poenitentia, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 consecutus est veniam peccatorum. Redeunt ergo illa peccata.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="51441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 "ref">[51441] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 peccata praeterita per gratiam teguntur, ut patet per apostolum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 Rom. IV, inducentem illud Psalmi, <i>beati quorum remissae sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 iniquitates et quorum tecta sunt peccata</i>. Sed per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 mortale sequens gratia tollitur. Ergo peccata quae fuerant prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 commissa, remanent detecta. Et ita videtur quod redeant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 1"><a name="51442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 "ref">[51442] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. XI, <i>sine poenitentia sunt dona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 Dei, et vocatio</i>. Sed peccata poenitentis sunt remissa per donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 Dei. Ergo per peccatum sequens non redeunt dimissa peccata, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 Deus de dono remissionis poeniteat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 2"><a name="51443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 "ref">[51443] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 Augustinus dicit, in libro responsionum prosperi, <i>qui recedit a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 Christo et alienatus a gratia finit hanc vitam, quid nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 perditionem vadit? Sed non in id quod dimissum est recidit, nec pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 originali peccato damnabitur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 co."><a name="51444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 "ref">[51444] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in peccato mortali sunt duo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 scilicet aversio a Deo, et conversio ad bonum creatum. Quidquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 autem est aversionis in peccato mortali secundum se consideratum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 est commune omnibus peccatis mortalibus, quia per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 peccatum mortale homo avertitur a Deo. Unde et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 macula, quae est per privationem gratiae, et reatus poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 aeternae, communia sunt omnibus peccatis mortalibus. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 hoc intelligitur id quod dicitur Iac. II, <i>qui offendit in uno,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 factus est omnium reus</i>. Sed ex parte conversionis, peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 mortalia sunt diversa, et interdum contraria. Unde manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 quod ex parte conversionis peccatum mortale sequens non facit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 redire peccata mortalia prius abolita. Alioquin sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 homo per peccatum prodigalitatis reduceretur in habitum vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 dispositionem avaritiae prius abolitae et sic contrarium esset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 causa sui contrarii, quod est impossibile. Sed considerando in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 peccatis mortalibus id quod est ex parte aversionis absolute, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 peccatum mortale sequens homo privatur gratia et fit reus poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 aeternae, sicut et prius erat. Verum, quia aversio in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 mortali ex conversione quodammodo diversitatem induit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 comparationem ad diversas conversiones sicut ad diversas causas,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 ita quod sit alia aversio et alia macula et alius reatus prout
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 consurgit ex alio actu peccati mortalis, hoc ergo in quaestionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 vertitur, utrum macula et reatus poenae aeternae, secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 causabantur ex actibus peccatorum prius dimissorum, redeant per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 peccatum mortale sequens. Quibusdam igitur visum est quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 simpliciter hoc modo redeant. Sed hoc non potest esse. Quia opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 Dei per opus hominis irritari non potest. Remissio autem priorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 peccatorum est opus divinae misericordiae. Unde non potest irritari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 per sequens peccatum hominis, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>nunquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 incredulitas illorum fidem Dei evacuavit?</i> Et ideo alii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 ponentes peccata redire, dixerunt quod Deus non remittit peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 poenitenti postmodum peccaturo secundum praescientiam, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 secundum praesentem iustitiam. Praescit enim eum pro his peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 aeternaliter puniendum, et tamen per gratiam facit eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 praesentialiter iustum. Sed nec hoc stare potest. Quia, si causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 absolute ponatur, et effectus ponitur absolute. Si ergo absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 non fieret peccatorum remissio, sed cum quadam conditione in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 futurum dependente, per gratiam et gratiae sacramenta, sequeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 quod gratia et gratiae sacramenta non essent sufficiens causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 remissionis peccatorum. Quod est erroneum, utpote derogans gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 Dei. Et ideo nullo modo potest esse quod macula et reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 praecedentium peccatorum redeant secundum quod ex talibus actibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 causabantur. Contingit autem quod sequens actus peccati virtualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 continet reatum prioris peccati, inquantum scilicet aliquis secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 peccans ex hoc ipso videtur gravius peccare quam prius peccaverat;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 secundum illud Rom. II, <i>secundum duritiam tuam et cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 impoenitens thesaurizas tibi iram in die irae</i>, ex hoc solo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 scilicet quod contemnitur Dei bonitas, quae ad poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 expectat; multo autem magis contemnitur Dei bonitas si, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 remissionem prioris peccati, secundo peccatum iteretur; quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 maius est beneficium peccatum remittere quam sustinere peccatorem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 Sic igitur per peccatum sequens poenitentiam redit quodammodo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 reatus peccatorum prius dimissorum, non inquantum causabatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 illis peccatis prius dimissis, sed inquantum causatur ex peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 ultimo perpetrato, quod aggravatur ex peccatis prioribus. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 non est peccata dimissa redire simpliciter, sed secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 inquantum scilicet virtualiter in peccato sequenti continentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 "ref">[51445] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 dicendum quod illud verbum Augustini videtur esse intelligendum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 reditu peccatorum quantum ad reatum poenae aeternae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 consideratum, quia scilicet post poenitentiam peccans incurrit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 reatum poenae aeternae sicut et prius; non tamen omnino propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 eandem rationem. Unde Augustinus, in libro de responsionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 prosperi, cum dixisset quod <i>non in id quod remissum est recidit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 nec pro originali peccato damnabitur</i>, subdit, <i>qui tamen ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 morte afficitur quae ei propter peccata dimissa debebatur</i>, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 scilicet incurrit mortem aeternam, quam meruerat per peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 praeterita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 "ref">[51446] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 dicendum quod in illis verbis non intendit Beda dicere quod culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 prius dimissa hominem opprimat per reditum praeteriti reatus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 per iterationem actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51447"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 "ref">[51447] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 dicendum quod per sequens peccatum iustitiae priores oblivioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 traduntur inquantum erant meritoriae vitae aeternae, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 inquantum erant impeditivae peccati. Unde, si aliquis peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 mortaliter postquam restituit debitum, non efficitur reus quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 debitum non reddidisset. Et multo minus traditur oblivioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 poenitentia prius acta quantum ad remissionem culpae, cum remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 culpae magis sit opus Dei quam hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 <p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="51448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 "ref">[51448] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 dicendum quod gratia simpliciter tollit maculam et reatum poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 aeternae, tegit autem actus peccati praeteritos, ne scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 propter eos Deus hominem gratia privet et reum habeat poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 aeternae. Et quod gratia semel facit, perpetuo manet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 "ref">[51449] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccata dimissa non redeant per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 ingratitudinem quae specialiter est secundum quatuor genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 peccatorum, scilicet secundum odium fraternum, apostasiam a fide,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 contemptum confessionis, et dolorem de poenitentia habita, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 quod quidam metrice dixerunt, <i>fratres odit, apostata fit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 spernitque fateri, poenituisse piget, pristina culpa redit</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 Tanto enim est maior ingratitudo quanto gravius est peccatum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 quis contra Deum committit post beneficium remissionis peccatorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 Sed quaedam alia peccata sunt his graviora, sicut blasphemia contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 Deum, et peccatum in spiritum sanctum. Ergo videtur quod peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 dimissa non redeant magis secundum ingratitudinem commissam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 secundum haec peccata, quam secundum alia.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 "ref">[51450] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 Rabanus dicit, <i>nequam servum tradidit Deus tortoribus quoadusque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 redderet universum debitum, quia non solum peccata quae post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 Baptismum homo egit reputabuntur ei ad poenam, sed originalia, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 ei sunt dimissa in Baptismo</i>. Sed etiam inter debita peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 venialia computantur, pro quibus dicimus, dimitte nobis debita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 nostra. Ergo ipsa etiam redeunt per ingratitudinem. Et pari ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 videtur quod per peccata venialia redeant peccata prius dimissa, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 non solum per praedicta peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 "ref">[51451] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 tanto est maior ingratitudo quanto post maius beneficium acceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 aliquis peccat. Sed beneficium Dei est etiam ipsa innocentia, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 peccatum vitamus, dicit enim Augustinus, in II Confess., <i>gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 tuae deputo quaecumque peccata non feci</i>. Maius autem donum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 innocentia quam etiam remissio omnium peccatorum. Ergo non minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 est ingratus Deo qui primo peccat post innocentiam, quam qui peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 post poenitentiam. Et ita videtur quod per ingratitudinem quae fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 secundum peccata praedicta, non maxime redeant peccata dimissa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 "ref">[51452] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 quod Gregorius dicit, XVIII Moral., <i>ex dictis evangelicis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 constat quia, si quod in nos delinquitur ex corde non dimittimus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 et illud rursus exigetur quod nobis iam per poenitentiam dimissum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 fuisse gaudebamus</i>. Et ita propter odium fraternum specialiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 peccata dimissa redeunt per ingratitudinem. Et eadem ratio videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 de aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 co."><a name="51453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 "ref">[51453] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccata dimissa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 poenitentiam redire dicuntur inquantum reatus eorum, ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 ingratitudinis, virtualiter continetur in peccato sequenti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 Ingratitudo autem potest committi dupliciter. Uno modo, ex eo quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 aliquid fit contra beneficium. Et hoc modo per omne peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 mortale quo Deum offendit, redditur homo ingratus Deo, qui peccata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 remisit. Et sic per quodlibet peccatum mortale sequens redeunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 peccata prius dimissa, ratione ingratitudinis. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 committitur ingratitudo non solum faciendo contra ipsum beneficium,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 sed etiam faciendo contra formam beneficii praestiti. Quae quidem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 forma, si attendatur ex parte benefactoris, est remissio debitorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 Unde contra hanc formam facit qui fratri petenti veniam non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 remittit, sed odium tenet. Si autem attendatur ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 poenitentis, qui recipit hoc beneficium, invenitur duplex motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 liberi arbitrii. Quorum primus est motus liberi arbitrii in Deum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 qui est actus fidei formatae, et contra hoc facit homo apostatando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 a fide, secundus autem, motus liberi arbitrii in peccatum, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 actus poenitentiae. Ad quam primo pertinet, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 quod homo detestetur peccata praeterita, et contra hoc facit ille
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 qui dolet se poenituisse. Secundo pertinet ad actum poenitentiae ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 poenitens proponat se subiicere clavibus Ecclesiae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 confessionem, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>dixi, confitebor adversum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 me iniustitiam meam domino, et ut remisisti impietatem peccati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 mei</i>. Et contra hoc facit ille qui contemnit confiteri, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 quod proposuerat. Et ideo dicitur quod specialiter ingratitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 horum peccatorum facit redire peccata prius dimissa.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 "ref">[51454] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 dicendum quod hoc non dicitur specialiter de istis peccatis quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 sint ceteris graviora, sed quia directius opponuntur beneficio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 remissionis peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 "ref">[51455] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 dicendum quod etiam peccata venialia et peccatum originale redeunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 modo praedicto, sicut et peccata mortalia, inquantum contemnitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 Dei beneficium quo haec peccata sunt remissa. Non tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 peccatum veniale aliquis incurrit ingratitudinem, quia homo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 peccando venialiter, non facit contra Deum, sed praeter ipsum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 ideo per peccata venialia nullo modo peccata dimissa redeunt.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 <p title="III q. 88 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 "ref">[51456] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 dicendum quod beneficium aliquod habet pensari dupliciter. Uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 modo, ex quantitate ipsius beneficii. Et secundum hoc, innocentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 est maius Dei beneficium quam poenitentia, quae dicitur secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 tabula post naufragium. Alio modo potest pensari beneficium ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 parte recipientis, qui minus est dignus, et sic magis sibi fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 gratia. Unde et ipse magis est ingratus si contemnat. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 beneficium remissionis culpae est maius, inquantum praestatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 totaliter indigno. Et ideo ex hoc sequitur maior ingratitudo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 "ref">[51457] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 proceditur. Videtur quod per ingratitudinem peccati sequentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 consurgat tantus reatus quantus fuerat peccatorum prius dimissorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 Quia secundum magnitudinem peccati est magnitudo beneficii quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 peccatum remittitur; et per consequens magnitudo ingratitudinis qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 hoc beneficium contemnitur. Sed secundum quantitatem ingratitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 est quantitas reatus consequentis. Ergo tantus reatus surgit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 ingratitudine sequentis peccati quantus fuit reatus omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 praecedentium peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 "ref">[51458] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 magis peccat qui offendit Deum quam qui offendit hominem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 servus manumissus ab aliquo domino reducitur in eandem servitutem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 qua prius fuerat liberatus, vel etiam in graviorem. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 magis ille qui contra Deum peccat post liberationem a peccato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 reducitur in tantum reatum poenae quantum primo habuerat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 "ref">[51459] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 Matth. XVIII dicitur quod iratus dominus tradidit eum, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 replicantur peccata dimissa propter ingratitudinem, tortoribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 quoadusque redderet universum debitum. Sed hoc non esset nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 consurgeret ex ingratitudine tantus reatus quantus fuit omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 praeteritorum peccatorum. Ergo aequalis reatus per ingratitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 redit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 "ref">[51460] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 quod dicitur Deuteron. XXV, <i>pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 modus</i>. Ex quo patet quod ex parvo peccato non consurgit magnus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 reatus. Sed quandoque mortale peccatum sequens est multo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 quolibet peccatorum prius dimissorum. Non ergo ex peccato sequenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 redit tantus reatus quantus fuit peccatorum prius dimissorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 co."><a name="51461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 "ref">[51461] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod ex peccato sequenti, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 ingratitudinem, consurgit tantus reatus quantus fuit reatus omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 peccatorum prius dimissorum, supra reatum proprium huius peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 Sed hoc non est necesse. Quia supra dictum est quod reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 praecedentium peccatorum non redit per peccatum sequens inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 sequebatur ex actibus praecedentium peccatorum, sed inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 consequitur actum sequentis peccati. Et ita oportet quod quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 reatus redeuntis sit secundum gravitatem peccati subsequentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 Potest autem contingere quod gravitas peccati subsequentis adaequat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 gravitatem omnium praecedentium peccatorum, sed hoc non semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 necesse, sive loquamur de gravitate eius quam habet ex sua specie,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 cum quandoque peccatum sequens sit simplex fornicatio, peccata vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 praeterita fuerunt homicidia vel adulteria seu sacrilegia; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 etiam loquamur de gravitate quam habet ex ingratitudine annexa. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 enim oportet quod quantitas ingratitudinis sit absolute aequalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 quantitati beneficii suscepti, cuius quantitas attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 quantitatem peccatorum prius dimissorum. Contingit enim quod contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 idem beneficium unus est multum ingratus, vel secundum intensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 contemptus beneficii, vel secundum gravitatem culpae contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 benefactorem commissae; alius autem parum, vel quia minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 contemnit, vel quia minus contra benefactorem agit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 proportionaliter quantitas ingratitudinis adaequatur quantitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 beneficii, supposito enim aequali contemptu beneficii, vel offensa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 benefactoris, tanto erit gravior ingratitudo quanto beneficium fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 maius. Unde manifestum est quod non est necesse quod propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 ingratitudinem semper per peccatum sequens redeat tantus reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 quantus fuit praecedentium peccatorum, sed necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 proportionaliter, quanto peccata prius dimissa fuerunt plura et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 maiora, tanto redeat maior reatus per qualecumque sequens peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 "ref">[51462] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 dicendum quod beneficium remissionis culpae recipit quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 absolutam secundum quantitatem peccatorum dimissorum. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 ingratitudinis non recipit quantitatem absolutam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 quantitatem beneficii, sed secundum quantitatem contemptus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 offensae, ut dictum est. Et ideo ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51463"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 "ref">[51463] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 dicendum quod servus manumissus non reducitur in pristinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 servitutem pro qualicumque ingratitudine, sed pro aliqua gravi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 <p title="III q. 88 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 "ref">[51464] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 dicendum quod illi cui peccata dimissa replicantur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 subsequentem ingratitudinem, redit universum debitum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 quantitas peccatorum praecedentium proportionaliter invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 ingratitudine subsequenti, non autem absolute, ut dictum est.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 <p title="III q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 "ref">[51465] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 proceditur. Videtur quod ingratitudo ratione cuius sequens peccatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 facit redire peccata prius dimissa, sit speciale peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 Retributio enim gratiarum pertinet ad contrapassum, quod requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 in iustitia, ut patet per philosophum, in V Ethic. Sed iustitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 specialis virtus. Ergo ingratitudo est speciale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 <p title="III q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 "ref">[51466] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 Tullius, in II Rhetoric., ponit quod gratia est specialis virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 Sed ingratitudo opponitur gratiae. Ergo ingratitudo est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 <p title="III q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 "ref">[51467] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 specialis effectus a speciali causa procedit. Sed ingratitudo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 specialem effectum, scilicet quod facit aliqualiter redire peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 prius dimissa. Ergo ingratitudo est speciale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 <p title="III q. 88 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 "ref">[51468] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 Id quod sequitur omnia peccata, non est speciale peccatum. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 quodcumque peccatum mortale aliquis efficitur Deo ingratus, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 praemissis patet. Ergo ingratitudo non est speciale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 <p title="III q. 88 a. 4 co."><a name="51469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 "ref">[51469] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 dicendum quod ingratitudo peccantis quandoque est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 peccatum; quandoque non, sed est circumstantia generaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 consequens omne peccatum mortale quod contra Deum committitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 Peccatum enim speciem recipit ex intentione peccantis, unde, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., <i>ille qui moechatur ut furetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 magis est fur quam moechus</i>. Si igitur aliquis peccator in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 contemptum Dei et suscepti beneficii aliquod peccatum committit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 illud peccatum trahitur ad speciem ingratitudinis, et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 ingratitudo peccantis est speciale peccatum. Si vero aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 intendens aliquod peccatum committere, puta homicidium aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 adulterium, non retrahatur ab hoc propter hoc quod pertinet ad Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 contemptum, ingratitudo non erit speciale peccatum, sed traheretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 ad speciem alterius peccati sicut circumstantia quaedam. Ut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia, non omne peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 est ex contemptu, et tamen in omni peccato Deus contemnitur in suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 praeceptis. Unde manifestum est quod ingratitudo peccantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 quandoque est speciale peccatum, sed non semper.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 <p title="III q. 88 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 "ref">[51470] III&ordf; q. 88 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae rationes concludunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 ingratitudo secundum se sit quaedam species peccati. Ultima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 ratio concludit quod ingratitudo secundum quod invenitur in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 peccato, non sit speciale peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 <div class="D">Quaestio 89</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 <p title="III q. 89 pr."><a name="51471"><span class="ref">[51471]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 III&ordf; q. 89 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 recuperatione virtutum per poenitentiam. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 sex. Primo, utrum per poenitentiam restituantur virtutes. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 utrum restituantur in aequali quantitate. Tertio, utrum restituatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 poenitenti aequalis dignitas. Quarto, utrum opera virtutum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 peccatum mortificentur. Quinto, utrum opera mortificata per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 peccatum per poenitentiam reviviscant. Sexto, utrum opera mortua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 idest absque caritate facta, per poenitentiam vivificentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 "ref">[51472] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam virtutes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 restituantur. Non enim possent virtutes amissae per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 restitui nisi poenitentia virtutes causaret. Sed poenitentia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 sit virtus, non potest esse causa omnium virtutum, praesertim cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 quaedam virtutes sint naturaliter priores poenitentia, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 dictum est. Ergo per poenitentiam non restituuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 "ref">[51473] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 poenitentia in quibusdam actibus poenitentis consistit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 virtutes gratuitae non causantur ex actibus nostris, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 Augustinus, in libro de Lib. Arbit., quod virtutes Deus in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 sine nobis operatur. Ergo videtur quod per poenitentiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 restituantur virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 "ref">[51474] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 habens virtutem sine difficultate et delectabiliter actus virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 operatur, unde philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod <i>non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 iustus qui non gaudet iusta operatione</i>. Sed multi poenitentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 adhuc difficultatem patiuntur in operando actus virtutum. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 per poenitentiam restituuntur virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 "ref">[51475] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 quod, Luc. XV, pater mandavit quod filius poenitens indueretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 stola prima, quae, secundum Ambrosium, est amictus sapientiae, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 simul consequuntur omnes virtutes, secundum illud Sap. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 <i>sobrietatem et iustitiam docet, prudentiam et virtutem, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 in vita nihil est utilius hominibus</i>. Ergo per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 omnes virtutes restituuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 co."><a name="51476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 "ref">[51476] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 dicendum quod per poenitentiam, sicut dictum est supra, remittuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 peccata. Remissio autem peccatorum non potest esse nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 infusionem gratiae. Unde relinquitur quod per poenitentiam gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 homini infundatur. Ex gratia autem consequuntur omnes virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 gratuitae, sicut ex essentia animae fluunt omnes potentiae, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 secunda parte habitum est. Unde relinquitur quod per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 omnes virtutes restituantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 "ref">[51477] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 dicendum quod eodem modo poenitentia restituit virtutes per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 modum est causa gratiae, ut iam dictum est. Est autem causa gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 inquantum est sacramentum, nam inquantum est virtus, est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 gratiae effectus. Et ideo non oportet quod poenitentia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 quod est virtus, sit causa omnium aliarum virtutum, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 habitus poenitentiae simul cum habitibus aliarum virtutum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 sacramentum causetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 "ref">[51478] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 dicendum quod in sacramento poenitentiae actus humani se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 materialiter, sed formalis vis huius sacramenti dependet ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 clavium. Et ideo virtus clavium effective causat gratiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 virtutes, instrumentaliter tamen. Sed actus primus poenitentis se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 habet ut ultima dispositio ad gratiam consequendam, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 contritio, alii vero sequentes actus poenitentiae procedunt iam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 gratia et virtutibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 <p title="III q. 89 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 "ref">[51479] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quandoque post primum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 poenitentiae, qui est contritio, remanent quaedam reliquiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 peccatorum, scilicet dispositiones ex prioribus actibus peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 causatae, ex quibus praestatur difficultas quaedam poenitenti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 operandum opera virtutum, sed quantum est ex ipsa inclinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 caritatis et aliarum virtutum, poenitens opera virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 delectabiliter et sine difficultate operatur; sicut si virtuosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 per accidens difficultatem pateretur in executione actus virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 propter somnum aut aliquam corporis dispositionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 "ref">[51480] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 sic proceditur. Videtur quod post poenitentiam resurgat homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 aequali virtute. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. VIII, <i>diligentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 Deum omnia cooperantur in bonum</i>, ubi dicit Glossa Augustini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 quod hoc adeo verum est <i>ut, si qui horum devient et exorbitent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 hoc ipsum Deus faciat eis in bonum proficere</i>. Sed hoc non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 si homo resurgeret in minori virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 "ref">[51481] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 Ambrosius dicit quod <i>poenitentia optima res est, quae omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 defectus revocat ad perfectum</i>. Sed hoc non esset nisi virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 in aequali quantitate recuperarentur. Ergo per poenitentiam semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 recuperatur aequalis virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51482"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 "ref">[51482] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 super illud Genes. I, <i>factum est vespere et mane dies unus</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 dicit Glossa, <i>vespertina lux est a qua quis cecidit, matutina in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 qua resurgit</i>. Sed lux matutina est maior quam vespertina. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 aliquis resurgit in maiori gratia vel caritate quam prius habuerat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 Quod etiam videtur per id quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 abundavit delictum, superabundavit et gratia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 "ref">[51483] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 caritas proficiens vel perfecta maior est quam caritas incipiens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 Sed quandoque aliquis cadit a caritate proficiente, resurgit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 in caritate incipiente. Ergo semper resurgit homo in minori etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 virtute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 co."><a name="51484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 "ref">[51484] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, motus liberi arbitrii qui est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 iustificatione impii, est ultima dispositio ad gratiam, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 eodem instanti est gratiae infusio cum praedicto motu liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 arbitrii, ut in secunda parte habitum est. In quo quidem motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 comprehenditur actus poenitentiae, ut supra dictum est. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 est autem quod formae quae possunt recipere magis et minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 intenduntur et remittuntur secundum diversam dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 subiecti, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Et inde est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 secundum quod motus liberi arbitrii in poenitentia est intensior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 vel remissior, secundum hoc poenitens consequitur maiorem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 minorem gratiam. Contingit autem intensionem motus poenitentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 quandoque proportionatam esse maiori gratiae quam illa a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 cecidit per peccatum; quandoque vero aequali; quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 minori. Et ideo poenitens quandoque resurgit in maiori gratia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 prius habuerat; quandoque autem in aequali; quandoque etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 minori. Et eadem ratio est de virtutibus, quae ex gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 consequuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 "ref">[51485] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 dicendum quod non omnibus diligentibus Deum cooperatur in bonum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 ipsum quod per peccatum a Dei amore cadunt, quod patet in his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 cadunt et nunquam resurgunt, vel qui resurgunt iterum casuri, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 in <i>his qui secundum propositum vocati sunt sancti</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 praedestinatis, qui, quotiescumque cadunt, finaliter tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 resurgunt. Cedit igitur eis in bonum hoc quod cadunt, non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 semper in maiori gratia resurgant, sed quia resurgunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 permanentiori gratia, non quidem ex parte ipsius gratiae, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 quanto gratia est maior, tanto de se est permanentior; sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 hominis, qui tanto stabilius in gratia permanet quanto est cautior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 et humilior. Unde et Glossa ibidem subdit quod ideo proficit eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 bonum quod cadunt, quia humiliores redeunt, et quia doctiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 fiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 "ref">[51486] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 dicendum quod poenitentia, quantum est de se, habet virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 reparandi omnes defectus ad perfectum, et etiam promovendi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 ulteriorem statum, sed hoc quandoque impeditur ex parte hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 qui remissius movetur in Deum et in detestationem peccati. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 etiam in Baptismo aliqui adulti consequuntur maiorem vel minorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 gratiam, secundum quod diversimode se disponunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 "ref">[51487] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 dicendum quod illa assimilatio utriusque gratiae ad lucem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 vespertinam et matutinam fit propter similitudinem ordinis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 post lucem vespertinam sequuntur tenebrae noctis, post lucem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 matutinam sequitur lux diei, non autem propter maiorem vel minorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 similitudinem quantitatis. Illud etiam verbum apostoli intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 de gratia, quae exsuperat omnem abundantiam humanorum peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 Non autem hoc est verum in omnibus, quod quanto abundantius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 peccavit, tanto abundantiorem gratiam consequatur, pensata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 quantitate habitualis gratiae. Est tamen superabundans gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 quantum ad ipsam gratiae rationem, quia magis gratis beneficium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 remissionis magis peccatori confertur. Quamvis quandoque abundanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 peccantes abundanter dolent, et sic abundantiorem habitum gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 et virtutum consequuntur, sicut patet in Magdalena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 <p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="51488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 "ref">[51488] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad id vero quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 in contrarium obiicitur, dicendum quod una et eadem gratia maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 est proficiens quam incipiens, sed in diversis hoc non est necesse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 Unus enim incipit a maiori gratia quam alius habeat in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 profectus, sicut Gregorius dicit, in II Dialog., <i>praesentes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 secuturi omnes cognoscant, Benedictus puer a quanta perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 conversionis gratiam incoepisset</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51489"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 "ref">[51489] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam non restituatur homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 pristinam dignitatem. Quia super illud Amos V, <i>virgo Israel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 cecidit</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>non negat ut resurgat, sed ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 resurgere virgo possit, quia semel oberrans ovis, etsi reportetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 in humeris pastoris, non habet tantam gloriam quantam quae nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 erravit</i>. Ergo per poenitentiam non recuperat homo pristinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 dignitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 "ref">[51490] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 Hieronymus dicit, <i>quicumque dignitatem divini gradus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 custodiunt, contenti fiant animam salvare, reverti enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 pristinum gradum difficile est</i>. Et Innocentius Papa dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 <i>apud Nicaeam constituti canones poenitentes etiam ab infimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 clericorum officiis excludunt</i>. Non ergo per poenitentiam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 recuperat pristinam dignitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 "ref">[51491] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 ante peccatum potest aliquis ad maiorem gradum ascendere. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 hoc post peccatum conceditur poenitenti, dicitur enim Ezech. XLIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 <i>Levitae qui recesserunt a me, nunquam appropinquabunt mihi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 sacerdotio fungantur</i>. Et, sicut habetur in decretis, dist. l,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 in Hilerdensi Concilio legitur, <i>hi qui sancto altario
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 deserviunt, si subito flenda debilitate carnis corruerint, et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 domino respiciente, poenituerint, officiorum suorum loca recipiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 nec possint ad altiora officia ulterius promoveri</i>. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 poenitentia restituit hominem in pristinam dignitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 "ref">[51492] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 quod, sicut in eadem distinctione legitur, Gregorius, scribens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 Secundino, dixit, <i>post dignam satisfactionem, credimus hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 posse redire ad suum honorem</i>. Et in Concilio Agathensi legitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 <i>contumaces clerici, prout dignitatis ordo permiserit, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 episcopis corrigantur, ita ut, cum eos poenitentia correxerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 gradum suum dignitatemque recipiant</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 co."><a name="51493"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 "ref">[51493] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 dicendum quod homo per peccatum duplicem dignitatem amittit, unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 quantum ad Deum, aliam vero quantum ad Ecclesiam. Quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 Deum, amittit duplicem dignitatem. Unam principalem, qua scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 computatus erat inter filios Dei per gratiam. Et hanc dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 recuperat per poenitentiam. Quod significatur Luc. XV de filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 prodigo, cui pater poenitenti iussit restitui stolam primam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 anulum et calceamenta. Aliam vero dignitatem amittit secundariam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 scilicet innocentiam, de qua, sicut ibidem legitur, gloriabatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 filius senior, dicens, <i>ecce, tot annis servio tibi, et nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 mandatum tuum praeterivi</i>. Et hanc dignitatem poenitens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 recuperare non potest. Recuperat tamen quandoque aliquid maius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 Quia, ut Gregorius dicit, in homilia de centum ovibus, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 errasse a Deo se considerant, damna praecedentia lucris sequentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 recompensant. Maius ergo gaudium de eis fit in caelo, quia et dux
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 in praelio plus eum militem diligit qui post fugam reversus hostem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 fortiter premit, quam illum qui nunquam terga praebuit et nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 aliquid fortiter fecit</i>. Dignitatem autem ecclesiasticam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 per peccatum perdit, qui indignum se reddit ad ea quae competunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 dignitati ecclesiasticae exercenda. Quam quidem recuperare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 prohibentur, uno modo, quia non poenitent. Unde Isidorus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 Misianum episcopum scribit, sicut in eadem distinctione legitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 cap. domino, <i>illos ad pristinos gradus canones redire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 praecipiunt quos poenitentiae praecessit satisfactio, vel condigna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 peccatorum confessio. At contra hi qui a vitio corruptionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 emendantur, nec gradum honoris, nec gratiam recipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 communionis</i>. Secundo, quia poenitentiam negligenter agunt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 in eadem distinctione, cap. si quis diaconus, dicitur, <i>cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 aliquibus nec compunctio humilitatis, nec instantia orandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 appareat, nec ieiuniis vel lectionibus eos vacare videamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 possumus agnoscere, si ad pristinos honores redirent, cum quanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 negligentia permanerent</i>. Tertio, si commisit aliquod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 habens irregularitatem aliquam admixtam. Unde in eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 distinctione, ex Concilio Martini Papae, dicitur, <i>si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 viduam, vel ab alio relictam duxerit, non admittatur ad clerum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 Quod si irrepserit, deiiciatur. Similiter si homicidii aut facto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 aut praecepto aut consilio aut defensione, post Baptismum, conscius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 fuerit</i>. Sed hoc non est ratione peccati, sed ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 irregularitatis. Quarto, propter scandalum. Unde in eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 distinctione legitur, cap. de his vero, <i>Rabanus dicit, hi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 deprehensi vel capti fuerint publice in periurio, furto aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 fornicatione, et ceteris criminibus, secundum canonum sacrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 instituta a proprio gradu decidant, quia scandalum est populo Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 tales personas superpositas habere. Qui autem de praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 peccatis absconse a se commissis sacerdoti confitentur, si se per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 ieiunia et eleemosynas vigiliasque et sacras orationes purgaverint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 his etiam, gradu proprio servato, spes veniae de misericordia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 promittenda est</i>. Et hoc etiam dicitur extra, de qualitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 Ordinand., cap. quaesitum, <i>si crimina ordine iudiciario
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 comprobata, vel alias notoria non fuerint, praeter reos homicidii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 post poenitentiam in susceptis vel iam suscipiendis ordinibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 impedire non possunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 "ref">[51494] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 dicendum quod eadem ratio est de recuperatione virginitatis et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 recuperatione innocentiae, quae pertinet ad secundariam dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 quoad Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 "ref">[51495] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 dicendum quod Hieronymus in verbis illis non dicit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 impossibile, sed dicit esse difficile hominem recuperare post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 peccatum pristinum gradum, quia hoc non conceditur nisi perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 poenitenti, ut dictum est. Ad statuta autem canonum qui hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 prohibere videntur, respondet Augustinus, Bonifacio scribens, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 constitueretur in Ecclesia ne quisquam post alicuius criminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 poenitentiam clericatum accipiat, vel ad clericatum redeat, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 clericatu maneat, non desperatione indulgentiae, sed rigore factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 est disciplinae. Alioquin contra claves datas Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 disputabitur, de quibus dictum est, quaecumque solveritis super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 terram, erunt soluta et in caelo</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>nam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 sanctus David de criminibus egit poenitentiam, et tamen in honore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 suo perstitit. Et beatum Petrum, quando amarissimas lacrimas fudit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 utique dominum negasse poenituit, et tamen apostolus permansit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 non ideo putanda est supervacua posteriorum diligentia, qui, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 saluti nihil detrahebatur, humilitati aliquid addiderunt, experti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 ut credo, aliquorum fictas poenitentias per affectatas honorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 potentias</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 <p title="III q. 89 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 "ref">[51496] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 dicendum quod illud statutum intelligitur de illis qui publicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 poenitentiam agunt, qui postmodum non possunt ad maiorem provehi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 gradum. Nam et Petrus post negationem pastor ovium Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 constitutus est, ut patet Ioan. ult. Ubi dicit Chrysostomus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 <i>Petrus post negationem et poenitentiam ostendit se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 maiorem fiduciam ad Christum. Qui enim in cena non audebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 interrogare, sed Ioanni interrogationem commisit, huic postea et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 praepositura fratrum credita est, et non solum non committit alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 interrogare quae ad ipsum pertinent, sed de reliquo ipse pro Ioanne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 magistrum interrogat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 "ref">[51497] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 proceditur. Videtur quod opera virtutum in caritate facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 mortificari non possunt. Quod enim non est, immutari non potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 Sed mortificatio est quaedam mutatio de vita in mortem. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 opera virtutum, postquam facta sunt, iam non sint, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 ulterius mortificari non possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 "ref">[51498] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 opera virtutis in caritate facta homo meretur vitam aeternam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 subtrahere mercedem merenti est iniustitia, quae non cadit in Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 Ergo non potest esse quod opera virtutum in caritate facta per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 peccatum sequens mortificentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 "ref">[51499] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 fortius non corrumpitur a debiliori. Sed opera caritatis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 fortiora quibuslibet peccatis, quia, ut dicitur Proverb. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 <i>universa delicta operit caritas</i>. Ergo videtur quod opera in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 caritate facta per sequens mortale peccatum mortificari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 "ref">[51500] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 quod dicitur Ezech. XVIII, <i>si averterit se iustus a iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 sua, omnes iustitiae eius quas fecerat, non recordabuntur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 co."><a name="51501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 "ref">[51501] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 dicendum quod res viva per mortem perdit operationem vitae, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 per quandam similitudinem dicuntur res mortificari quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 impediuntur a proprio suo effectu vel operatione. Effectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 operum virtuosorum quae in caritate fiunt, est perducere ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 aeternam. Quod quidem impeditur per peccatum mortale sequens, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 gratiam tollit. Et secundum hoc, opera in caritate facta dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 mortificari per sequens peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 "ref">[51502] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 dicendum quod, sicut opera peccatorum transeunt actu et manent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 reatu, ita opera in caritate facta, postquam transeunt actu, manent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 merito in Dei acceptatione. Et secundum hoc mortificantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 inquantum impeditur homo ne consequatur suam mercedem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 "ref">[51503] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 dicendum quod sine iniustitia potest subtrahi merces merenti quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 ipse reddiderit se indignum mercede per culpam sequentem. Nam et ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 quae homo iam accepit, quandoque iuste propter culpam perdit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 <p title="III q. 89 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 "ref">[51504] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 dicendum quod non est propter fortitudinem operum peccati quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 mortificantur opera prius in caritate facta, sed est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 libertatem voluntatis, quae potest a bono in malum deflecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 "ref">[51505] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 proceditur. Videtur quod opera mortificata per peccatum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 poenitentiam non reviviscant. Sicut enim per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 subsequentem remittuntur peccata praeterita, ita etiam per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 sequens mortificantur opera prius in caritate facta. Sed peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 dimissa per poenitentiam non redeunt, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 videtur quod etiam opera mortificata per caritatem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 reviviscant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 "ref">[51506] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 opera dicuntur mortificari ad similitudinem animalium quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 moriuntur, ut dictum est. Sed animal mortuum non potest iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 vivificari. Ergo nec opera mortificata possunt iterum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 poenitentiam reviviscere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 "ref">[51507] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 opera in caritate facta merentur gloriam secundum quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 gratiae vel caritatis. Sed quandoque per poenitentiam homo resurgit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 in minori gratia vel caritate. Ergo non consequetur gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 secundum merita priorum operum. Et ita videtur quod opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 mortificata per peccatum non reviviscant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 "ref">[51508] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 quod, super illud Ioel II, <i>reddam vobis annos quos comedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 locusta</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>non patiar perire ubertatem quam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 perturbatione animi amisistis</i>. Sed illa ubertas est meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 bonorum operum, quod fuit perditum per peccatum. Ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 poenitentiam reviviscunt opera meritoria prius facta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 co."><a name="51509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 "ref">[51509] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod opera meritoria per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 sequens mortificata non reviviscunt per poenitentiam sequentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 considerantes quod opera illa non remanent, ut iterum vivificari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 possent. Sed hoc impedire non potest quin vivificentur. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 habent vim perducendi in vitam aeternam, quod pertinet ad eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 vitam, solum secundum quod actu existunt, sed etiam postquam actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 esse desinunt secundum quod remanent in acceptatione divina. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 autem remanent, quantum est de se, etiam postquam per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 mortificantur, quia semper Deus illa opera, prout facta fuerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 acceptabit, et sancti de eis gaudebunt, secundum illud Apoc. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 <i>tene quod habes, ne alius accipiat coronam tuam</i>. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 isti qui ea fecit non sint efficacia ad ducendum ad vitam aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 provenit ex impedimento peccati supervenientis, per quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 redditur indignus vita aeterna. Hoc autem impedimentum tollitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 poenitentiam, inquantum per eam remittuntur peccata. Unde restat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 quod opera prius mortificata per poenitentiam recuperant efficaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 perducendi eum qui fecit ea in vitam aeternam, quod est ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 reviviscere. Et ita patet quod opera mortificata per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 reviviscunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 "ref">[51510] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 dicendum quod opera peccati per poenitentiam abolentur secundum se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 ita scilicet quod ex eis ulterius, Deo indulgente, nec macula nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 reatus inducitur. Sed opera ex caritate facta non abolentur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 in cuius acceptatione remanent, sed impedimentum accipiunt ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 hominis operantis. Et ideo, remoto impedimento quod est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 hominis, Deus implet ex parte sua illud quod opera merebantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 "ref">[51511] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 dicendum quod opera in caritate facta non mortificantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 se, sicut dictum est, sed solum per impedimentum superveniens ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 parte operantis. Animalia autem moriuntur secundum se, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 privantur principio vitae. Et ideo non est simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 <p title="III q. 89 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 "ref">[51512] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 dicendum quod ille qui per poenitentiam resurgit in minori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 caritate, consequetur quidem praemium essentiale secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 quantitatem caritatis in qua invenitur, habebit tamen gaudium maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 de operibus in prima caritate factis quam de operibus quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 secunda fecit. Quod pertinet ad praemium accidentale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 "ref">[51513] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam subsequentem etiam opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 mortua, quae scilicet non sunt in caritate facta, vivificentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 Difficilius enim videtur quod ad vitam perveniat illud quod fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 mortificatum, quod nunquam fit secundum naturam, quam illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 nunquam fuit vivum, vivificetur, quia ex non vivis secundum naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 viva aliqua generantur. Sed opera mortificata per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 vivificantur, ut dictum est. Ergo multo magis opera mortua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 vivificantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 "ref">[51514] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 remota causa, removetur effectus. Sed causa quare opera de genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 bonorum sine caritate facta non fuerunt viva, fuit defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 caritatis et gratiae. Sed iste defectus tollitur per poenitentiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 Ergo per poenitentiam opera mortua vivificantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51515"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 "ref">[51515] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 Hieronymus dicit, <i>si quando videris inter multa opera peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 facere quemquam aliqua quae iusta sunt, non est tam iniustus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 ut propter multa mala obliviscatur paucorum bonorum</i>. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 videtur maxime quando mala praeterita per poenitentiam tolluntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 Ergo videtur quod post poenitentiam Deus remuneret priora bona in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 statu peccati facta, quod est ea vivificari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51516"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 "ref">[51516] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 quod apostolus dicit, I Cor. XIII, <i>si distribuero in cibos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 pauperum omnes facultates meas, et si tradidero corpus meum ita ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 ardeam, caritatem autem non habuero, nihil mihi prodest</i>. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 autem non esset si saltem per poenitentiam subsequentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 vivificarentur. Non ergo poenitentia vivificat opera prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 mortua.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 co."><a name="51517"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 "ref">[51517] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 dicendum quod opus aliquod dicitur mortuum dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 effective, quia scilicet est causa mortis. Et secundum hoc, opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 peccati dicuntur opera mortua, secundum illud Heb. IX, <i>sanguis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 Christi emundabit conscientias nostras ab operibus mortuis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 Haec igitur opera mortua non vivificantur per poenitentiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 magis abolentur, secundum illud Heb. VI, <i>non rursus iacientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 fundamentum poenitentiae ab operibus mortuis</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 dicuntur opera mortua privative, scilicet quia carent vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 spirituali, quae est ex caritate, per quam anima Deo coniungitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 ex quo vivit sicut corpus per animam. Et per hunc modum etiam fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 quae est sine caritate, dicitur mortua, secundum illud Iac. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 <i>fides sine operibus mortua est</i>. Et per hunc etiam modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 omnia opera quae sunt bona ex genere, si sine caritate fiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 dicuntur mortua, inquantum scilicet non procedunt ex principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 vitae; sicut si dicamus sonum citharae vocem mortuam dare. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 igitur differentia mortis et vitae in operibus est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 comparationem ad principium a quo procedunt. Opera autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 possunt iterum a principio procedere, quia transeunt, et iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 eadem numero assumi non possunt. Unde impossibile est quod opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 mortua iterum fiant viva per poenitentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51518"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 "ref">[51518] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 dicendum quod in rebus naturalibus tam mortua quam mortificata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 carent principio vitae. Sed opera dicuntur mortificata non ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 principii a quo processerunt, sed ex parte impedimenti extrinseci.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 Mortua autem dicuntur ex parte principii. Et ideo non est similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51519"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 "ref">[51519] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 dicendum quod opera de genere bonorum sine caritate facta dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 mortua propter defectum caritatis et gratiae sicut principii. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 autem non praestatur eis per poenitentiam subsequentem, ut ex tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 principio procedant. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 <p title="III q. 89 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51520"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 "ref">[51520] III&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 dicendum quod Deus recordatur bonorum quae quis facit in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 peccati, non ut remuneret ea in vita aeterna, quod debetur solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 operibus vivis, idest ex caritate factis, sed remunerat temporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 remuneratione. Sicut Gregorius dicit, in homilia de divite et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 Lazaro, quod, <i>nisi dives ille aliquod bonum egisset et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 praesenti saeculo remunerationem accepisset, nequaquam ei Abraham
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 diceret, recepisti bona in vita tua</i>. Vel hoc etiam potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 referri ad hoc quod patietur tolerabilius iudicium. Unde dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 Augustinus, in libro de patientia, <i>non possumus dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 schismatico melius fuisse ei ut, Christum negando, nihil eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 pateretur quae passus est confitendo, ut illud quod ait apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 si tradidero corpus meum ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 habuero, nihil mihi prodest, intelligatur ad regnum caelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 obtinendum, non ad extremi iudicii supplicium tolerabilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 subeundum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 <div class="D">Quaestio 90</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 <p title="III q. 90 pr."><a name="51521"><span class="ref">[51521]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 III&ordf; q. 90 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 poenitentiae. Et primo, in generali; secundo, in speciali de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 singulis. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 habeat partes. Secundo, de numero partium. Tertio, quales partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 sint. Quarto, de divisione eius in partes subiectivas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51522"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 "ref">[51522] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentiae non debent partes assignari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 Sacramenta enim sunt in quibus divina virtus secretius operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 salutem. Sed virtus divina est una et simplex. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 poenitentiae, cum sit sacramentum, debent partes assignari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51523"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 "ref">[51523] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 poenitentia est virtus, et est sacramentum. Sed ei inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 virtus, non assignantur partes, cum virtus sit habitus quidam, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 est simplex qualitas mentis. Similiter etiam ei poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 inquantum est sacramentum, non videtur quod partes sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 assignandae, quia Baptismo et aliis sacramentis non assignantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 partes. Ergo poenitentiae nullae debent partes assignari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51524"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 "ref">[51524] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 poenitentiae materia est peccatum, ut supra dictum est. Sed peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 non assignantur partes. Ergo etiam nec poenitentiae sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 assignandae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51525"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 "ref">[51525] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 quod partes sunt ex quibus perfectio alicuius integratur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 poenitentiae perfectio integratur ex pluribus, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 contritione, confessione et satisfactione. Ergo poenitentia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 partes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 co."><a name="51526"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 "ref">[51526] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 dicendum quod partes rei sunt in quas materialiter totum dividitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 habent enim se partes ad totum sicut materia ad formam; unde in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 Physic. partes ponuntur in genere causae materialis, totum autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 genere causae formalis. Ubicumque igitur ex parte materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 invenitur aliqua pluralitas, ibi est invenire partium rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 Dictum est autem supra quod in sacramento poenitentiae actus humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 se habent per modum materiae. Et ideo, cum plures actus humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 requirantur ad perfectionem poenitentiae, scilicet contritio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 confessio et satisfactio, ut infra patebit, consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 sacramentum poenitentiae habeat partes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51527"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 "ref">[51527] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 dicendum quod quodlibet sacramentum habet simplicitatem ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 virtutis divinae, quae in eo operatur. Sed virtus divina, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 sui magnitudinem, operari potest et per unum et per multa, ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 quorum alicui sacramento possunt partes assignari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51528"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 "ref">[51528] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 dicendum quod poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 assignantur partes, actus enim humani, qui multiplicantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 poenitentia, non comparantur ad habitum virtutis sicut partes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 sicut effectus. Unde relinquitur quod partes assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 poenitentiae inquantum est sacramentum, ad quod actus humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 comparantur ut materia. In aliis autem sacramentis materia non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 actus humani, sed aliqua res exterior, una quidem simplex, ut aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 vel oleum; sive composita, ut chrisma. Et ideo aliis sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 non assignantur partes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 <p title="III q. 90 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51529"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 "ref">[51529] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 dicendum quod peccata sunt materia remota poenitentiae, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 scilicet sunt ut materia vel obiectum humanorum actuum, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 propria materia poenitentiae prout est sacramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51530"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 "ref">[51530] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 poenitentiae contritio, confessio et satisfactio. Contritio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 est in corde, et sic pertinet ad interiorem poenitentiam. Confessio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 autem est in ore, et satisfactio in opere, et sic duo ultima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 pertinent ad poenitentiam exteriorem. Poenitentia autem interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 non est sacramentum, sed sola poenitentia exterior, quae sensui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 subiacet. Non ergo convenienter assignantur hae partes sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51531"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 "ref">[51531] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 sacramento novae legis confertur gratia, ut supra habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 in satisfactione non confertur aliqua gratia. Ergo satisfactio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 est pars sacramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51532"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 "ref">[51532] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 est idem fructus rei et pars. Sed satisfactio est fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 poenitentiae, secundum illud Luc. III, <i>facite vobis dignos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 fructus poenitentiae</i>. Ergo non est pars poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="51533"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 "ref">[51533] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 poenitentia ordinatur contra peccatum. Sed peccatum potest perfici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 solum in corde per consensum, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 et poenitentia. Non ergo debent poenitentiae partes poni confessio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 oris et satisfactio operis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51534"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 "ref">[51534] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 videtur quod debeant poni plures partes poenitentiae. Pars enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 hominis ponitur non solum corpus, quasi materia, sed etiam anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 quae est forma. Sed tria praedicta, cum sint actus poenitentis, se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 habent sicut materia, absolutio autem sacerdotis se habet per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 formae. Ergo absolutio sacerdotis debet poni quarta pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 co."><a name="51535"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 "ref">[51535] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 dicendum quod duplex est pars, ut dicitur in V Metaphys. scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 pars essentiae, et pars quantitatis. Partes quidem essentiae sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 naturaliter quidem, forma et materia, logice autem, genus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 differentia. Hoc autem modo quodlibet sacramentum distinguitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 materiam et formam sicut in partes essentiae, unde et supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 est quod sacramenta consistunt in rebus et verbis. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 quantitas se tenet ex parte materiae, partes quantitatis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 partes materiae. Et hoc modo sacramento poenitentiae specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 assignantur partes, ut supra dictum est, quantum ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 poenitentis, qui sunt materia huius sacramenti. Dictum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 supra quod alio modo fit recompensatio offensae in poenitentia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 in vindicativa iustitia. Nam in vindicativa iustitia fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 recompensatio secundum arbitrium iudicis, non secundum voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 offendentis vel offensi, sed in poenitentia fit recompensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 offensae secundum voluntatem peccantis, et secundum arbitrium Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 in quem peccatur; quia hic non quaeritur sola reintegratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 aequalitatis iustitiae, sicut in iustitia vindicativa, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 reconciliatio amicitiae, quod fit dum offendens recompensat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 secundum voluntatem eius quem offendit. Sic igitur requiritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 parte poenitentis, primo quidem, voluntas recompensandi, quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 per contritionem; secundo, quod se subiiciat arbitrio sacerdotis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 loco Dei, quod fit in confessione; tertio, quod recompenset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 secundum arbitrium ministri Dei, quod fit in satisfactione. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 contritio, confessio et satisfactio ponuntur partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51536"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 "ref">[51536] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 dicendum quod contritio secundum essentiam quidem est in corde, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 pertinet ad interiorem poenitentiam, virtualiter autem pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 poenitentiam exteriorem, inquantum scilicet implicat propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 confitendi et satisfaciendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51537"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 "ref">[51537] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 dicendum quod satisfactio confert gratiam prout est in proposito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 et auget eam prout est in executione, sicut Baptismus in adultis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51538"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 "ref">[51538] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 dicendum quod satisfactio est pars poenitentiae sacramenti; fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 autem poenitentiae virtutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="51539"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 "ref">[51539] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 dicendum quod plura requiruntur ad bonum, quod procedit ex integra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 causa, quam ad malum, quod procedit ex singularibus defectibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Et ideo, licet peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 perficiatur in consensu cordis, ad perfectionem tamen poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 requiritur et contritio cordis, et confessio oris, et satisfactio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 operis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 <p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="51540"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 "ref">[51540] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 patet solutio per ea quae dicta sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51541"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 "ref">[51541] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 proceditur. Videtur quod praedicta tria non sint partes integrales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 poenitentiae. Poenitentia enim, ut dictum est, contra peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 ordinatur. Sed peccatum cordis, oris et operis sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 subiectivae peccati, et non partes integrales, quia peccatum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 quolibet horum praedicatur. Ergo etiam in poenitentia contritio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 cordis et confessio oris et satisfactio operis non sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 integrales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51542"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 "ref">[51542] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 nulla pars integralis in se continet aliam sibi condivisam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 contritio continet in se confessionem et satisfactionem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 proposito. Ergo non sunt partes integrales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51543"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 "ref">[51543] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 partibus integralibus simul et aequaliter constituitur totum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 linea ex suis partibus. Sed hoc non contingit hic. Ergo praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 non sunt partes integrales poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51544"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 "ref">[51544] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 illae dicuntur partes integrales ex quibus integratur perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 totius. Sed ex tribus praedictis integratur perfectio poenitentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 Ergo sunt partes integrales poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 co."><a name="51545"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 "ref">[51545] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt haec tria esse partes subiectivas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 poenitentiae. Sed hoc non potest esse. Quia partibus subiectivis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 singulis adest tota virtus totius, et simul, et aequaliter, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 tota virtus animalis, inquantum est animal, salvatur in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 specie animalis, quae simul et aequaliter dividunt animal. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 non est in proposito. Et ideo alii dixerunt quod sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 potentiales. Sed nec hoc iterum esse potest. Quia singulis partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 potentialibus adest totum secundum totam essentiam, sicut tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 essentia animae adest cuilibet eius potentiae. Sed hoc non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 proposito. Unde relinquitur quod praedicta tria sint partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 integrales poenitentiae, ad quarum rationem exigitur ut totum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 adsit singulis partibus neque secundum totam virtutem eius, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 secundum totam essentiam, sed omnibus simul.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51546"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 "ref">[51546] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 dicendum quod peccatum, quia rationem mali habet, potest in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 tantum perfici, ut dictum est. Et ideo peccatum quod in solo corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 perficitur, est una species peccati. Alia vero species est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 quod perficitur in corde et ore. Tertia vero species est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 quod perficitur in corde et opere. Et huius peccati partes quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 integrales sunt quod est in corde, et quod est in ore, et quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 in opere. Et ideo poenitentiae, quae in his tribus perficitur, haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 tria sunt partes integrales.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51547"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 "ref">[51547] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 dicendum quod una pars integralis potest continere totum, licet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 secundum essentiam, fundamentum enim quodammodo virtute continet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 totum aedificium. Et hoc modo contritio continet virtute totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 poenitentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 <p title="III q. 90 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51548"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 "ref">[51548] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 dicendum quod omnes partes integrales habent ordinem quendam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 invicem. Sed quaedam habent ordinem tantum in situ, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 consequenter se habeant, sicut partes exercitus; sive se tangant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 sicut partes acervi; sive etiam colligentur, sicut partes domus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 sive etiam continuentur, sicut partes lineae. Quaedam vero habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 insuper ordinem virtutis, sicut partes animalis, quarum prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 virtute est cor, et aliae quodam ordine virtutis dependent ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 invicem. Tertio modo ordinantur ordine temporis, sicut partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 temporis et motus. Partes igitur poenitentiae habent ad invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 ordinem virtutis et temporis, quia sunt actus; non autem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 situs, quia non habent positionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51549"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 "ref">[51549] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dividatur poenitentia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 poenitentiam ante Baptismum, et poenitentiam mortalium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 poenitentiam venialium. Poenitentia enim est secunda tabula post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 naufragium, ut supra dictum est, Baptismus autem prima. Illud ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 quod est ante Baptismum, non debet poni species poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51550"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 "ref">[51550] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 quod potest destruere maius, potest etiam destruere minus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 mortale est maius peccatum quam veniale. Illa vero poenitentia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 est de mortalibus, eadem etiam est de venialibus. Non ergo debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 poni diversae species poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51551"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 "ref">[51551] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 sicut post Baptismum peccatur venialiter et mortaliter, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 ante Baptismum. Si ergo post Baptismum distinguitur poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 venialium et mortalium, pari ratione debet distingui ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 Baptismum. Non ergo convenienter distinguitur poenitentia per has
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 "ref">[51552] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 quod Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, ponit praedictas tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 species poenitentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 co."><a name="51553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 "ref">[51553] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 dicendum quod haec divisio est poenitentiae secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 virtus. Est autem considerandum quod quaelibet virtus operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 secundum congruentiam temporis, sicut et secundum alias debitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 circumstantias. Unde et virtus poenitentiae actum suum habet in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 tempore secundum quod convenit novae legi pertinet autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 poenitentiam ut detestetur peccata praeterita, cum proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 immutandi vitam in melius, quod est quasi poenitentiae finis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 quia moralia recipiunt speciem secundum finem, ut in secunda parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 habitum est; consequens est quod diversae species poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 accipiantur secundum diversas immutationes quas poenitens intendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 Est autem triplex immutatio a poenitente intenta. Prima quidem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 regenerationem in novam vitam. Et haec pertinet ad poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 quae est ante Baptismum. Secunda autem immutatio est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 reformationem vitae praeteritae iam corruptae. Et haec pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 poenitentiam mortalium post Baptismum. Tertia autem immutatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 in perfectiorem operationem vitae. Et haec pertinet ad poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 venialium, quae remittuntur per aliquem ferventem actum caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 "ref">[51554] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 dicendum quod poenitentia quae est ante Baptismum, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 sacramentum, sed est actus virtutis disponens ad sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 Baptismi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 "ref">[51555] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 dicendum quod poenitentia quae delet peccata mortalia delet etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 venialia, sed non convertitur. Et ideo hae duae poenitentiae se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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3881 habent sicut perfectum et imperfectum.</p>
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3882 <p title="III q. 90 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51556"><span class=
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3883 "ref">[51556] III&ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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3884 dicendum quod ante Baptismum non sunt peccata venialia sine
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3885 mortalibus. Et quia veniale sine mortali dimitti non potest, ut
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3886 supra dictum est; ideo ante Baptismum non distinguitur poenitentia
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3887 mortalium et venialium.</p>
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3888 <div class="centro"><br />
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3889 <p><a href="sth4083.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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3890 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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3891 <a href="iopera.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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3892 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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3893 <br />
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3894 <hr />
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3895 <br />
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3896 <address>&copy; 2006 Fundaci&oacute;n Tom&aacute;s de Aquino quoad
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3897 hanc editionem<br />
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3898 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
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3899 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
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3900 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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3901 </div>
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3902 </body>
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3903 </html>