Aquinas: john/english/John6.html annotate

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date	Wed, 25 Nov 2009 20:31:38 +0000
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31 25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1 <html>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	2 <head>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	3 </head>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	4 <body style=text-align:justify><blockquote>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	5 <CENTER><p><span style="font-size: 60pt">6</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	6 <p><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE 1</span></p></CENTER>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	7 <BLOCKQUOTE><p>1 After this Jesus went across the Sea of Galilee, which is that of Tiberias. 2 And a great
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	8 multitude followed him because they saw the miracles he worked on those who were sick. 3
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	9 Jesus therefore went up a mountain, and there sat down with his disciples. 4 Now the Passover
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	10 was near, a festival day of the Jews. 5 Then, when Jesus lifted his eyes and saw that a great
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	11 multitude had come to him, he said to Philip,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	12 <DD>“Where shall we buy bread that these may eat?”<BR>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	13 6 He said this, however, to test him, for he knew what he would do. 7 Philip replied, “Two
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	14 hundred denarii worth of bread would not suffice for each to have a little bit.” 8 One of his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	15 disciples, Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, said to him, 9 “There is a boy here who has five
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	16 barley loaves and two fishes, but what are these for so many?” 10 Jesus then said,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	17 <DD>“Make the people recline.”<BR>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	18 There was much grass in the place. Therefore the men reclined, in number about five thousand.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	19 11 Jesus then took the bread, and when he had given thanks, he distributed it to those reclining;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	20 he did likewise with the fish, as much as they wanted. 12 When they had their fill, he said to his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	21 disciples,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	22 <DD>“Gather up the fragments that are left over,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	23 <DD>lest they be wasted.”<BR>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	24 13 They therefore gathered and filled twelve baskets with the leftovers, from the five barley
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	25 loaves and the two fishes, that remained after all had eaten.</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	26 <p>838 The Evangelist has presented the teaching of Christ on the spiritual life, by which he gives
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	27 life to those who are born again. He now tells us of the spiritual food by which Christ sustains
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	28 those to whom he has given life. First, he describes a visible miracle, in which Christ furnished
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	29 bodily food. Secondly, he considers spiritual food (6:26). He does two things about the first.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	30 First, he describes the visible miracle. Secondly, he shows the effect this miracle had (6:14). He
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	31 tells us two things about this miracle. First, its circumstances, secondly, about its actual
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	32 accomplishment (v 5). As to the first he does three things. First he describes the crowd that Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	33 fed, secondly, the place; thirdly, the time (v 4). As to the first he does three things. First, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	34 identifies the place where the crowd followed Jesus; secondly, the people who followed him; and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	35 thirdly, he tells why they followed him.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	36 <p>839 The Evangelist describes the place to which the crowd followed our Lord when he says,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	37 <span style="font-weight: bold">After this Jesus went across the Sea of Galilee, </span>i.e., after the mysterious words Jesus had
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	38 spoken concerning his power. This Sea of Galilee is mentioned frequently in various places in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	39 Scripture. Luke calls it a lake (Lk 5:1) because its water is not salty, but was formed from the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	40 waters flowing in from the Jordan. Yet it is still called a “Sea,” because in Hebrew all bodies of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	41 water are called “seas”: “God called the waters ‘seas’” (Gn 1:10). It is also called Gennesaret
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	42 because of the character of its location: for this water is tossed about a great deal, being buffeted
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	43 by the winds that come from the vapors rising from its surface. Thus in Greek the word
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	44 “Gennesaret” means “wind forming.” It is called the Sea of Galilee from the province of Galilee
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	45 in which it is located. Again, it is called the Sea of Tiberias from the city of Tiberias: this city
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	46 was situated on one side of the sea, facing Capernaum on the opposite side. The city of Tiberias
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	47 was formerly called Chinnereth, but later, when it was rebuilt by Herod the Tetrarch, it was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	48 renamed as Tiberias in honor of Tiberius Caesar.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	49 <p>840 The literal reason why Jesus crossed the sea is given by Chrysostom: to give ground to the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	50 anger and agitation which the Jews felt against Christ because of the things he had said about
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	51 them. As Chrysostom says: just as darts strike a hard object with great force if they meet it, but
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	52 pass on and soon come to rest if nothing is in their way, so also the anger of defiant men
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	53 increases when they are resisted, but if we yield a little, it is easy to keep their fury within
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	54 bounds. So Christ, by going to the other side of the sea, was able to soften the anger of the Jews,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	55 caused by what he had said. He thus gives us an example to act in the same way: “Do not be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	56 provoked by one who speaks evil of you” (Sir 8:14).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	57 <p>841 In the mystical sense, the sea signifies this present troubled world: “This great sea, stretching
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	58 wide” (Ps 103:25). Our Lord crossed over this sea when he assumed the sea of punishment and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	59 death by being born, trod it under foot by dying, and then crossing over it by his rising, arrived
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	60 at the glory of his resurrection. We read of this crossing: “Jesus knew that his time had come to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	61 leave this world for the Father” (below 13:1). A great crowd, composed of both peoples, has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	62 followed him in this crossing, by believing in him and imitating him: “Your heart will be full of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	63 wonder and joy, when the riches of the sea will be given to you” (Is 60:5); “Rise up, O Lord, you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	64 who demand that justice be done; and the people will gather round you” (Ps 7:7).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	65 <p>842 The crowd that followed him is described as large, <span style="font-weight: bold">And a great multitude followed him.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	66 <p>843 The reason why they followed him is because he was performing miracles, hence he says,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	67 <span style="font-weight: bold">because they saw the miracles he worked on those who were sick. </span>We should point out that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	68 some followed Christ because of his teachings, that is, those who were better disposed. But there
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	69 were others, i.e., those who were less perfect and less perceptive, who followed him because they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	70 were attracted by visible miracles; “Signs were given to unbelievers, not to believers” (1 Cor
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	71 14:22). Still others followed him out of devotion and faith, those, namely, whom he had cured
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	72 of some bodily defect: for our Lord had so healed their body that they were also completely
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	73 healed in soul: “The works of God are perfect” (Dt 32:4). This is clear, because he expressly said
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	74 to the paralytic, “Do not sin again” (above 5:14), and in Matthew (9:2) he says, “Son, your sins
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	75 are forgiven”; and these remarks concern the health of the soul rather than that of the body.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	76 <p>844 We might remark that although the Evangelist had mentioned only three miracles (the one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	77 at the marriage reception, the son of the official, and the paralytic), he says here in a general way,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	78 <span style="font-weight: bold">the miracles he worked. </span>He does this to indicate that Christ worked many other miracles that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	79 are not mentioned in this book, as he will say below (21:25). For his main object was to present
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	80 the teaching of Christ.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	81 <p>845 Then he gives the location of the miracle, on a mountain; hence he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">Jesus therefore
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	82 went up a mountain, </span>i.e., privately, <span style="font-weight: bold">and there sat down with his disciples. </span>Now a mountain
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	83 is a place well suited for refreshment, for according to the Psalm a mountain signifies the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	84 perfection of justice: “Your justice is like the mountains of God” (Ps 35:7). And so, because we
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	85 cannot be satisfied by earthly things—indeed, “Whoever drinks this water will be thirsty again”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	86 (above 4:13)—but spiritual things will satisfy us, our Lord leads his disciples to a higher place
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	87 to show that full satisfaction and the perfection of justice are found in spiritual realities. We read
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	88 of this mountain: “The mountain of God is a rich mountain” (Ps 67:16). Thus he also exercised
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	89 his office of teacher there, sitting with his disciples; for he is the one who teaches every man.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	90 <p>846 The time is mentioned when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">Now the Passover was near. </span>This time was also well
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	91 suited for their refreshment, for “Passover” means “passage”: “It is the Passover of the Lord, that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	92 is, his passage” (Ex 12:11). We understand from this that anyone who desires to be refreshed by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	93 the bread of the divine Word and by the body and blood of’ the Lord, must pass from vices to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	94 virtues: “Our Passover, Christ, has been sacrificed, and so let us feast with the unleavened bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	95 of sincerity and truth” (1 Cor 5:7). And again, divine Wisdom says: “Pass over to me, all who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	96 desire me” (Sir 24-26).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	97 <p>This is the second Passover the Evangelist has mentioned. However, our Lord did not go to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	98 Jerusalem this time, as the law commanded. The reason for this being that Christ was both God
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	99 and man: as man he was subject to the law, but as God he was above the law. So, he observed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	100 the law on certain occasions to show that he was a man, but he also disregarded the law at other
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	101 times to show that he was God. Further, by not going he indicated that the ceremonies of the law
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	102 would end gradually and in a short time.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	103 <p>847 Then he considers the miracle itself (v 5). First, why it was needed. Secondly, its
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	104 accomplishment. We can see the need for this miracle from our Lord’s question to his disciple,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	105 and the disciple’s answer. First, our Lord’s question is given; and then the answer of his disciple
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	106 (v 7). He does three things about the first. First, the occasion for the question is given; secondly,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	107 we have the-question itself (v 5b); thirdly, we are told why Christ asked this question (v 6).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	108 <p>848 The occasion for Christ’s question was his sight of the crowd coming to him. Hence he says,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	109 <span style="font-weight: bold">Then, when Jesus, </span>on the mountain with his disciples, i.e., with those who were more perfect,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	110 <span style="font-weight: bold">lifted his eyes and saw that a great multitude had come to him. </span>Here we should note two
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	111 things about Christ. First, his maturity: for he is not distracted by what does not concern him, but
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	112 is appropriately concerned with his disciples. He is not like those spoken of in Proverbs (30:13):
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	113 “A generation whose eyes are proud.” And, “A man’s dress, and laughter, and his walk, show
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	114 what he is” (Sir 19:27). Secondly, we should note that Christ did not sit there with his disciples
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	115 out of laziness; he was looking right at them, teaching them carefully and attracting their hearts
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	116 to himself: “Then he lifted his eyes to his disciples” (Lk 6:20). Thus we read: <span style="font-weight: bold">Then, when Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	117 lifted his </span>eyes. In the mystical sense, our Lord’s eyes are his spiritual gifts; and he lifts his eyes
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	118 on the elect, i.e., looks at them with compassion, when he mercifully grants these gifts to them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	119 This is what the Psalm asks for: “Look upon me, O Lord, and have mercy on me” (Ps 85:16).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	120 <p>849 Our Lord’s question concerns the feeding of the crowd; so he said to Philip: <span style="font-weight: bold">Where shall
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	121 we buy bread that these may eat? </span>He assumes one thing and asks about another. He assumes
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	122 their poverty, because they did not have food to offer this great crowd; and he asks how they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	123 might obtain it, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">Where shall we buy bread that these may eat?</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	124 <p>Here we should note that every teacher is obliged to possess the means of feeding spiritually the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	125 people who come to him. And since no man possesses of himself the resources to feed them, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	126 must acquire them elsewhere by his labor, study, and persistent p rayer: “Hurry, you who have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	127 no money, and acquire without cost wine and milk” (Is 55:1). And there follows: “Why do you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	128 spend your money,” i.e., your eloquence, “for what is not bread,” i.e., not the true wisdom which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	129 refreshes—“Wisdom will feed him with the bread of life and understanding” (Si 15:5)—“and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	130 why do you work for what does not satisfy you,” i.e., by learning things that drain you instead
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	131 of filling you?</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	132 <p>850 Our Lord’s intention is given when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">He said this, however, to test him. </span>Here the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	133 Evangelist raises one difficutly in answering another. For we could wonder,why our Lord asked
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	134 Philip what to do, as though our Lord himself did not know. The Evangelist settles this when he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	135 says, <span style="font-weight: bold">for he knew what he would do. </span>But it seems that the Evangelist raises another difficulty
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	136 when he says, to test him. For to test is to try out; and this seems to imply ignorance.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	137 <p>I answer that one can test another in various ways in order to try him out. One man tests another
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	138 in order to learn; the devil tests a man in order to ensnare him: “Your enemy, the devil, as a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	139 roaring lion, goes about seeking whom he can devour” (1 Pt 5:8). But Christ (and God) does not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	140 test us in order to learn, because he sees into our hearts; nor in order to ensnare us, for as we read
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	141 in James (1:13): “God does not test [i.e., tempt] anyone.” But he does test us that others might
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	142 learn something from the one tested. This is the way God tested Abraham: “God tested Abraham”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	143 (Gn 22:1); and then it says (v 12): “Now I know that you fear God,” i.e., I have made it known
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	144 that you fear the Lord. He tests Philip in the same way: so that those who hear his answer might
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	145 be very certain about the miracle to come.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	146 <p>851 Now we have the answer of the disciples. First, the answer of Philip; then that of Andrew
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	147 (v 8).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	148 <p>852 With respect to the first, note that Philip was slower in learning than the others, and so he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	149 asks our Lord more questions: “Lord, show us the Father, and that will be enough for us” (below
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	150 14:8). Here, according to the literal sense, Andrew is better disposed than Philip, for Philip does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	151 not seem to have any understanding or anticipation of the corning miracle. And so he suggests
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	152 that money is the way by which they could feed all the people, saying: <span style="font-weight: bold">Two hundred denarii
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	153 worth of bread would not suffice for each to have a little bit. </span>And since we do not have that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	154 much, we cannot feed them. Here we see the poverty of Christ, for he did not even have two
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	155 hundred denarii.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	156 <p>853 Andrew, however, seems to sense that a miracle is going to take place. Perhaps he recalled
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	157 the miracle performed by Elisha with the barley loaves, when he fed a hundred men with twenty
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	158 loaves (2 Kgs 4:42). And so he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">There is a boy here who has five barley loaves. </span>Still, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	159 did not suspect that Christ was going to perform a greater miracle than Elisha: for he thought that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	160 fewer loaves would be miraculously produced from fewer, and more from a larger number. But
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	161 in truth, he who does not need any material to work with could feed a crowd as easily with few
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	162 or many loaves. So Andrew continues: <span style="font-weight: bold">but what are these for so many? </span>As if to say: Even if
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	163 you increased them in the measure that Elisha did, it still would not be enough.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	164 <p>854 In the mystical sense, widsom is a symbol for spiritual refreshment. One kind of wisdom was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	165 taught by Christ, the true wisdom: “Christ is the power of God, and the wisdom of God” (1 Cor
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	166 1:24). Before Christ came, there were two other teachings or doctrines: one was the human
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	167 teachings of the philosophers; the other was the teachings found in the written law. Philip
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	168 mentions the first of these when he speaks of buying: <span style="font-weight: bold">Two hundred denarii worth of bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	169 would not suffice, </span>for human wisdom must be acquired. Now the number one hundred implies
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	170 perfection. Thus two hundred suggests the twofold perfection necessary for this wisdom: for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	171 there Ire two ways one arrives at the perfection of human wisdom, by experience and by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	172 contemplation. So he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">Two hundred denarii worth of bread would not suffice, </span>because
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	173 no matter what human reason can experience and contemplate of the truth, it is not enough to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	174 completely satisfy our desire for wisdom: “Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, nor the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	175 strong man in his strength, nor the rich man in his riches. But let him who glories glory in this:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	176 that he knows and understands me” (Jer 9:23). For the wisdom of no philosopher has been so
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	177 great that it could keep men from error; rather, the philosophers have led many into error.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	178 <p>It is Andrew who mentions the second kind of teaching [thai of the law] . He does not want to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	179 buy other bread, but to feed the crowd with the loaves of bread they had, that is, those contained
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	180 in the law. And so he was better disposed than Philip. So he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">There is a boy here who has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	181 five barley loaves. </span>This boy can symbolize Moses, because of the imperfection found in the state
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	182 of the law: “The law brought nothing to perfection” (Heb 7:19); or the Jewish people, who were
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	183 serving under the elements of this world (Gal 4:3).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	184 <p>This boy had five loaves, that is, the teaching of the law: either because this teaching was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	185 contained in the five books of Moses, “The law was given through Moses” (above 1:17); or
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	186 because it was given to men absorbed in sensible things, which are made known through the five
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	187 senses. These loaves were of barley because the law was given in such a way that what was life-giving in it was concealed under physical signs: for the kernel in barley is covered with a very
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	188 firm husk. Or, the loaves were of barley because the Jewish people had not yet been rubbed free
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	189 of carnal desire, but it still covered their hearts like a husk: for in the Old Testament they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	190 outwardly experienced hardships because of their ceremonial observances: “A yoke, which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	191 neither our fathers nor we were able to bear” (Acts 15:10). Further, the Jews were engrossed in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	192 material things and did not understand the spiritual meaning of the law: “A veil is over their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	193 hearts” (2 Cor 3:15).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	194 <p>The two fishes, which gave a pleasant flavor to the bread, indicate the teachings of the Psalms
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	195 and the prophets. Thus the old law not only had five loaves, i.e., the five books of Moses, but also
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	196 two fishes, that is, the Psalms and the prophets. So the Old Testament writings are divided into
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	197 these three: “The things written about me in the law of Moses, and in the prophets and in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	198 Psalms” (Lk 24:44). Or, according to Augustine, the two fishes signify the priests and kings who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	199 ruled the Jews; and they prefigured Christ, who was the true king and priest.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	200 <p><span style="font-weight: bold">But what are these for so many? </span>for they could not bring man to a complete knowledge of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	201 truth: for although God was known in Judea, the Gentiles did not know him.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	202 <p>855 Next (v 10), the miracle is presented. First, we see the people arranged; secondly, the miracle
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	203 itself; and thirdly, the gathering of the leftovers. He does two things about the first. First, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	204 shows Christ directing the disciples to have the people recline; secondly, why this was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	205 appropriate; and thirdly, he tells us the number of people present.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	206 <p>856 Our Lord told his disciples to arrange the people so that they could eat; thus Jesus says,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	207 <span style="font-weight: bold">Make the people recline, </span>i.e, to eat. For as mentioned before, in former times people took their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	208 meals lying on couches; consequently, it was the custom to say of those who sat down to eat that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	209 they were reclining. In the mystical sense, this indicates that rest which is necessary for the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	210 perfection of wisdom. Again, the people are prepared by the disciples because it is through the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	211 disciples that the knowledge of the truth has come to us: “Let the mountains receive peace for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	212 the people” (Ps 71:3).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	213 <p>857 The character of the place shows why it was convenient that they recline, for <span style="font-weight: bold">There was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	214 much grass in the place. </span>This is the literal meaning. In the mystical sense, grass indicates the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	215 flesh: “All flesh is grass” (Is 40:6). In this sense it can refer to two things. First, to the teachings
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	216 of the Old Testament, which were given to a people resting in things of the flesh and wise
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	217 according to the flesh: “If you are willing, and listen to me, you will eat the good things of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	218 land” (Is 1:19); “The posterity of Jacob dwells in a land of grain, wine and oil” (Dt 33:28). Or,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	219 it can refer to one who perceives true wisdom, which cannot be attained without first abandoning
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	220 the things of the flesh: “Do not imitate this world” (Rom 12:2).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	221 <p>858 There was a. great number of people; thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">the men reclined, in number about five
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	222 thousand. </span>The Evangelist counted only the men, according to the custom in the law, for as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	223 mentioned in Numbers (1:3), Moses counted the people who were twenty years and older,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	224 without including the women. The Evangelist does the same, because only men can be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	225 completely instructed: “We speak wisdom to those who are mature” (1 Cor 2:6); “Solid food is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	226 for the mature” (Heb 5:14).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	227 <p>859 Then (v 11), the Evangelist presents the feeding of the crowd. First, we see the attitude of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	228 Christ; secondly, the food used; thirldy, that the people were satisfied. As to the attitude of Jesus,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	229 both his humility and his giving of thanks are mentioned.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	230 <p>860 We see his humility because he took the bread and gave it to the people. Now although in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	231 this miracle Christ could have fed the people with bread created from nothing, he chose to do so
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	232 by multiplying bread that already existed. He did this, first, to show that sensible things do not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	233 come from the devil, as the Manichean error maintains. For if this were so, our Lord would not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	234 have used sensible things to praise God, especially since “The Son of God appeared to destroy
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	235 the works of the devil” (1 Jn 3:8). He did it, secondly, to show that they are also wrong in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	236 claiming that the teachings of the Old Testament are not from God but from the devil. Thus, to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	237 show that the doctrine of the New Testament is none other than that which was prefigured and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	238 contained in the teachings of the Old Testament, he multiplied bread that already existed,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	239 implying by this that he is the one who fulfills the law and brings it to perfection: “I have not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	240 come to destroy the law, but to fulfill it,” as we read in Matthew (5:17).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	241 <p>861 We see that he gave <span style="font-weight: bold">thanks, when he had given thanks. </span>He did this to show that whatever
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	242 he had, he had from another, that is, from his Father. This is an example for us to do the same.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	243 More particularly, he gave thanks to teach us that we should thank God when we begin a meal:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	244 “Nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving” (1 Tim 4:4); “The poor will eat and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	245 be satisfied; and they will praise the Lord” (Ps 21:27). Again, he gave thanks to teach us that he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	246 was not praying for himself, but for the people who were there, for he had to convince them that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	247 he had come from God. Accordingly, he prays before he works this miracle before them, in order
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	248 to show them that he is not acting against God, but according to God’s will.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	249 <p>We read in Mark (6:41) that Christ had the apostles distribute the bread to the people. It says here
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	250 that he distributed it because in a way he himself does what he does by means of others. In the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	251 mystical sense, both statements are true: for Christ alone refreshes from within, and others, as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	252 his ministers, refresh from without.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	253 <p>862 Their food was bread and fish, about which enough has been said above.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	254 <p>Finally, those who ate were completely satisfied, because they took <span style="font-weight: bold">as much as they wanted.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	255 </span>For Christ is the only one who feeds an empty soul and fills a hungry soul with good things: “I
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	256 will be satisfied when your glory appears” (Ps 16:15). Others perform miracles through having
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	257 grace in a partial manner; Christ, on the other hand, does so with unlimited power, since he does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	258 all things superabundantly. Hence it says that the people <span style="font-weight: bold">had their fill.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	259 <p>863 Now we see the leftovers collected (v 12). First, Christ gives the order; secondly, his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	260 disciples obey.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	261 <p>864 The Evangelist says that after the people had eaten their fill, Christ said to his disciples:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	262 <span style="font-weight: bold">Gather up the fragments that are left over. </span>This was not pretentious display on our Lord’s
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	263 part; he did it to show that the miracle he accomplished was not imaginary, since the collected
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	264 leftovers kept for some time and provided food for others. Again, he wanted to impress this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	265 miracle more firmly on the hearts of his disciples, whom he had carry the leftovers: for most of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	266 all he wanted to teach his disciples, who were destined to be the teachers of the entire world.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	267 <p>865 His disciples obeyed him faithfully; hence he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">They therefore gathered and filled
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	268 twelve baskets with the leftovers. </span>Here we should note that the amount of food that remained
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	269 was not left to chance, but was according to plan: for as much as Christ willed was left over, no
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	270 more and no less. This is shown by the fact that the basket of each apostle was filled. Now a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	271 basket is reserved for the work of peasants. Therefore, the twelve baskets signify the twelve
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	272 apostles and those who imitate them, who, although they are looked down upon in this present
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	273 life, are nevertheless filled with the riches of spiritual sacraments. There are twelve because they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	274 were to preach the faith of the Holy Trinity to the four parts of the world.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	275 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	276 <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE 2</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	277 <BLOCKQUOTE><p>14 Now when these people saw that Jesus had worked a miracle, they said: “This is truly the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	278 Prophet who is to come into the world.” 15 So Jesus, knowing that they would come to seize him
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	279 and make him king, fled again into the mountains, alone. 16 When evening came, his disciples
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	280 went down to the sea. 17 After they got into the boat, they set out across the sea to Capernaum.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	281 It was already dark, and Jesus had not yet come to them. 18 The sea became rough, agitated by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	282 a great wind. 19 After they had rowed twenty-five or thirty stadia [three or four miles] , they saw
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	283 Jesus walking on the water, coming toward the boat, and they were afraid. 20 But he said to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	284 them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	285 <DD>“It is I. Do not be afraid.”<BR>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	286 21 They then wanted to take him into the boat; and suddenly the boat was on the land toward
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	287 which they were going.</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	288 <p>866 Above, the Evangelist told us of the miracle of the loaves and fishes. Now he shows the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	289 threefold effect this miracle had on the people. First, its effect on their faith; secondly, on their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	290 plans to honor Jesus; thirdly, how it led them (and the disciples) to search for Jesus.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	291 <p>867 With respect to the first, we should note that the Jews said in the Psalm: “We have not seen
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	292 our signs; there is now no prophet” (Ps 73:9). For it was customary in earlier days for the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	293 prophets to work omany signs; so, when these signs were absent, prophecy se emed to have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	294 ended. But when the Jews.see such signs, they believe that prophecy is returning. Accordingly,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	295 the people were so impressed by this miracle they just saw that they called our Lord a prophet.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	296 Thus we read, <span style="font-weight: bold">Now when these people, </span>who had been filled with the five <span style="font-weight: bold">loaves, saw that Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	297 had worked a miracle, they said: This is truly the Prophet. </span>However, they did not yet have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	298 perfect faith, for they believed that Jesus was only a prophet, while he was also the Lord of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	299 prophets. Yet, they were not entirely wrong, because our Lord called himself a prophet.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	300 <p>868 Here we should remark that a prophet is called a seer: “He who is now called a prophet was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	301 formerly called a seer” (I Sm 9:9). Further, seeing pertains to the cognitive power. Now in Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	302 there were three kinds of knowledge. First of all, there was sense knowledge. And in this respect
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	303 he had some similarity to the prophets, insofar as sensible species could be formed in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	304 imagination of Christ to present future or hidden events. This was especially due to his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	305 passibility, which was appropriate to his state as a “wayfarer.” Secondly, Christ had intellectual
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	306 knowledge; and in this he was not like the prophets, but was even superior to all the angels: for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	307 he was a “comprehensor” in a more excellent way than any creature. Again, Christ had divine
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	308 knowledge, and in this way he was the one who inspired the prophets and the angels, since all
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	309 knowledge is caused by a participation in the divine Word.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	310 <p>Still, these people seemed to realize that Christ was a superior prophet, for they said: <span style="font-weight: bold">This is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	311 truly the Prophet. </span>For although there had been many prophets among the Jews, they were
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	312 waiting for a particular one, according to: “The Lord your God will raise up a prophet for you”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	313 (Dt 18:15). This is the one they are speaking of here; thus it continues: <span style="font-weight: bold">who is to come into the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	314 world.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	315 <p>869 Next, we see the second effect of Christ’s miracle: the honor the people planned for Christ,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	316 which he refused. First, we have the attempt by the people; secondly, Christ’s flight from them.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	317 <p>870 The attempt of the people is mentioned when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">they would come to seize him and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	318 make him king. </span>A person or thing is seized if it is taken in a way that one does not will or is not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	319 opportune. Now it is true that God’s plan from all eternity had been to establish the kingdom of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	320 Christ; but the time for this was not then opportune. Christ had come then, but not to reign in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	321 way we ask for his reign when we say, “Your kingdom come” (Mt 6:10); at that time he will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	322 reign even as man. Another time was reserved for this: after the judgment of Christ, when the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	323 saints will appear in glory. It was about this kingdom the disciples asked when they said: “Lord,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	324 will you restore the kingdom to Israel at this time?” (Acts 1:6).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	325 <p>So the people, thinking he had come to reign, wanted to make hirn their king. The reason for this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	326 is that men often want as their ruler someone who will provide them with temporal things. Thus,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	327 because our Lord had fed them, they were willing to make him their king: “You have a mantle,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	328 be our ruler” (Is 3:6). Chrysostom says: “See the power of gluttony. They are no longer
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	329 concerned about his breaking the Sabbath; they are no longer zealous for God. All these things
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	330 are set in the background now that their bellies are full. Now he is regarded as a prophet among
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	331 them, and they want to set him on the royal throne as their king.”</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	332 <p>87 1 We see Christ’s flight when he says that he <span style="font-weight: bold">fled again into the mountains, alone. </span>We can
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	333 see frorn this that when our Lord had first seen the crowd of people he came down from the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	334 mountain and fed them in the valley, for we would not read that he went again into the mountains
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	335 if he had not come down from them.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	336 <p>Why did Christ flee from the people, since he really is a king? There are three reasons for this.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	337 First, because it would have detracted from his dignity to have accepted a kingdom from men:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	338 for he is so great a king that all other kings are kings by participating in his kingship: “It is by me
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	339 that kings rule” (Prv 8:15). Another reason is that it would have been hanuful to his teaching if
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	340 he had accepted this dignity and support from men; for he had worked and taught in such a way
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	341 that everything was attributed to divine power and not to the influence of men: “Praise from men
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	342 I do not need” (above 5:41). The third reason was to teach us to despise the dignities of this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	343 world: “I have given you an example that as I have done to you, so you should do also” (below
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	344 13:15); “Do not seek dignity from men” (Sir 7:4). And so, he refused the glory of this world, but
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	345 still endured its punishment of his own will: “Jesus endured the cross, despising the shame, for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	346 the joy set before him” (Heb 12:2).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	347 <p>872 Matthew seems to conflict with this, for he says that “Jesus went up the mountain alone, to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	348 pray” (Mt 14:23). However, in the opinion of Augustine, there is no conflict here, because he had
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	349 reason both to flee and to pray. For our Lord is teaching us that when a reason for flight draws
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	350 near, there is great reason to pray.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	351 <p>In the mystical sense, Christ went up into the mountain when the people he had fed were ready
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	352 to subject themselves to him, because he went up into heaven when the people were ready to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	353 subject themselves to the truth of the faith, according to: “A congregation of people will surround
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	354 you. Return above for their sakes,” i.e., return on high so a congregatation of people may
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	355 surround you (Ps 7:8). </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	356 <p>He says that Christ <span style="font-weight: bold">fled</span>, to indicate that the people could not understand his grandeur: for if we
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	357 do not understand something, we say that it flees or eludes us.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	358 <p>873 Now he considers the third effect of Christ’s miracle, the search for Christ. First, by his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	359 disciples; secondly, by the people. As to the first, he does two things. First, he tells of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	360 eagerness of the disciples; and secondly, enlarges upon this (v l7b). He does two things about the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	361 first. First, he tells that they went down to the shore. Secondly, he tells of their journey across the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	362 sea (v 17).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	363 <p>874 Note, about the first, that Christ went up into the mountain without the knowledge of his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	364 disciples. So, they waited there until evening came, for they expected that he would come back
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	365 to them. But their love was so great that when evening came they just had to go looking for him.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	366 Thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">When evening came, his disciples went down to the sea, </span>looking for Jesus.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	367 <p>In the mystical sense, “evening” signifies our Lord’s passion or his ascension. For as long as the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	368 disciples enjoyed Christ’s physical presence, no trouble disturbed them and no bitterness vexed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	369 them: “Can the friends of the groom mourn as long as the groom is with them?” (Mt 9:15). But
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	370 when Christ was away, then they “went down to the sea,” to the troubles of this world: “This
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	371 great sea, stretching wide” (Ps 103:25).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	372 <p>875 He adds that they crossed, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">After they got into the boat, they set out across the sea
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	373 to Capernaum, </span>for the love that burned within them could not endure our Lord’s absence for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	374 very long.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	375 <p>876 Now (17b), he enlarges upon what he had already said in summary fashion. First, on their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	376 going down to the sea; secondly, on their crossing (v 18).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	377 <p>877 As to the first, he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">It was already dark, and Jesus had not yet come to them. </span>The
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	378 Evangelist does not tell us this without a reason, for it shows the intensity of their love, since not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	379 even night or evening could stop them.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	380 <p>In the mystical sense, the “dark” signifies the absence of love; for light is love, according to: “He
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	381 who loves his brother dwells in the light” (1 Jn 2:10). Accordingly, there is darkness in us when
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	382 Jesus, “the true light” (above 1:9) does not come to us, because his presence repells all darkness.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	383 <p>Jesus left his disciples alone for this length of time so that they might experience his absence; and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	384 they did indeed experience it during the storm at sea: “Know and realize, that it is evil and bitter
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	385 for you to have left the Lord” (Jer 2:19). He left them, in the second place, so that they might
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	386 look for him more earnestly: “Where has your beloved gone, most beautiful of women? We will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	387 search for him with you” (Sg 5:17).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	388 <p>878 As for their crossing, first we see the storm at sea; then Christ coming to them, and the time;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	389 and thirdly, the effect this had.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	390 <p>879 The storm was caused by a rising wind; thus he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">The sea became rough, agitated by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	391 a great wind. </span>This wind is a symbol for the trials and persecutions which would afflict the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	392 Church due to a lack of love. For as Augustine says, when love grows cold, the waves of the sea
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	393 begin to swell and danger threatens the boat. Still, these winds and the storm, with its waves and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	394 darkness, did not stop (lie progress of’ the boat or so batter it that it broke apart: “He who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	395 perseveres to the end will be saved” (Mt 24:13); and again: “And the rains fell. and the floods
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	396 came, and the house did not collapse,” as we read in Mattliew (7:25).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	397 <p>880 Christ did not appear to them when the storm first began, but only some time later; thus he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	398 says, <span style="font-weight: bold">After they had rowed twentyfive or thirty stadia, they saw Jesus. </span>We see from this that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	399 our Lord allows us to be troubled for a while so our virtue may be tested; but he does not desert
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	400 us in the end, but comes very close to us: “God is faithful, and will not allow you to be tested
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	401 beyond your strength” (1 Cor 10:13).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	402 <p>According to Augustine, the twenty-five stadia they rowed are the five books of Moses. For
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	403 twenty-five is the square of five, since five times five is twenty-five. But a number that is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	404 multiplied in this way keeps the meaning of its root. Thus, just as five signifies the old law, so
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	405 twenty-five signifies the perfection of the New Testament. Thirty, however, signifies that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	406 perfection of the New Testament which was lacking in the law: for thirty is the result of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	407 multiplying five by six, which is a perfect number. So, Jesus comes to those who row twenty-five
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	408 or thirty stadia, i.e., to those who fulfill the law or the perfection taught by the Gospel; and he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	409 comes treading under foot all the waves of pride and the dignities of this present world: “You
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	410 rule the might of the sea and calm its waves” (Ps 88:10). And then we will see Christ near our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	411 boat, because divine help is close: “The Lord is near to all who fear him” (Ps 144:18). Thus it
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	412 is clear that Christ is near to all those who seek him rightly. Now the Apostles loved Christ very
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	413 keenly: this is obvious because they tried to go to him despite the darkness, the stormy sea, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	414 the distance to shore. Consequently, Christ was with them.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	415 <p>881 Now we see the effect of Christ’s appearance. First, the interior effect; secondly, the exterior
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	416 effect (v 2 1 b).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	417 <p>882 The interior effect of Christ’s appearance was fear; and he mentions the fear of the disciples
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	418 at the sudden appearance of Christ when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">and they were afraid. </span>This was a good fear,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	419 because it was the effect of humility: “Do not be proud; rather fear” (Rom 11:20); or it was an
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	420 evil fear, because “they thought it was a ghost” (Mk 6:49); “They trembled with fear” (Ps 13:5):
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	421 for fear is especially appropriate to the carnal, because they are afraid of spiritual things.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	422 <p>Secondly, we see Christ encouraging them against two dangers. First, they are encouraged against
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	423 the danger to the faith in their intellect when he says, It is 1, to eliminate their doubts: “Look at
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	424 my hands and my feet! It is really me” (Lk 24:39). Secondly, Christ encourages them against the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	425 danger of fear in their emotions, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">Do not be afraid: </span>“Do not be afraid when they are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	426 present” (Jer 1:8); “The Lord is my light and my salvation, whom sliall I fear” (Ps 26:1 ).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	427 <p>Thirdly, we see the reaction of the disciples, for <span style="font-weight: bold">They then wanted to take him into the boat.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	428 </span>This signifies that we receive Christ by love and contemplation after servile fear has been taken
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	429 out of our hearts: “I stand at the door and knock. If any one opens it for me, I will enter” (Rv
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	430 3:20).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	431 <p>883 There were two exterior effects: the storm abated, and their boat suddenly landed, although
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	432 it had just been at a distance from the shore, for our Lord gave them a calm journey, without
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	433 danger. He himself did not enter the boat because he wished to accomplish a greater miracle. So
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	434 here we have three miracles: the walking on the sea, the quick calming of the storm, and the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	435 sudden arrival of the boat on the land although it had been far away. We learn from this that the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	436 faithful, in whom Christ is present, put down the swelling pride of this world, tread under their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	437 feet its waves of tribulation, and cross quickly to the land of the living: “Your good spirit will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	438 lead me to land” (Ps 142:10).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	439 <p>884 There are a number of difficulties here. The first concerns the literal sense: Matthew (14:22)
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	440 seems to conflict with our present account for he says that the disciples were told by Christ to go
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	441 the shore, while here it says the disciples went there to search for him. Another difficulty is that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	442 Matthew (14:34) says that the disciples crossed over to Gennesaret, while we read here that they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	443 came to Capernaum. The third difficulty is that Matthew (14:32) says that Christ got into the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	444 boat, but here he did not.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	445 <p>Chrysostom settles these difficulties quite briefly by saying that the two accounts do not deal with
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	446 the same miracle. For, as he says, Christ frequently miraculously walked upon the sea in front
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	447 of his disciples, but not for the people, lest they think he did not have a real body. But, according
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	448 to Augustine, and this is the better opinion, John and Matthew are describing the same miracle.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	449 Augustine answers the first difficulty by saying it makes no difference that Matthew says the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	450 disciples went down to the shore because our Lord told them to. For it is possible that our Lord
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	451 did so, and they went believing that he would sail with them. And that is why they waited until
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	452 night, and when Christ did not come, they crossed by themselves.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	453 <p>There are two answers to the second difficulty. One is that Capernaum and Gennesaret are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	454 neighboring towns on the same shore. And perhaps the disciples landed at a place near both, so
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	455 that Matthew mentions one and John the other. Or, it might be said that Matthew does not say
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	456 that they came to Gennesaret immediately, they could have come first to Capernaurn and then
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	457 to Gennesaret. [The answer to the third difficulty is not given.]</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	458 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	459 <p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.125in"><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE 3</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	460 <BLOCKQUOTE><p>22 On the next day, the crowd that stood on the other side of the sea saw that there was no second
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	461 boat there, but only one, and that Jesus had not gone into the boat, but only his disciples had
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	462 gone. 23 But other boats arrived from Tiberias, near the place where they had eaten the bread,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	463 after having given thanks to God. 24 When therefore the people saw that Jesus was not there, nor
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	464 his disciples, they got into the boats and set off for Capernaum, looking for Jesus. 25 When they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	465 found him on the other side of the sea, they said: “Rabbi, when did you come here?” 26 Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	466 replied and said:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	467 <DD>“Amen, amen, I say to you:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	468 <DD>you seek me not because you have seen miracles,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	469 <DD>but because you have eaten of the bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	470 <DD>and have been filled.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	471 <DD>27 Do not work for the food that perishes,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	472 <DD>but for that which endures to eternal life,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	473 <DD>which the Son of Man will give you,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	474 <DD>for on him has God the Father set his seal.”<BR>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	475 28 Then they said to him: “What must we do that we may perform the works of God?” 29 Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	476 replied and said to them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	477 <DD>“This is the work of God,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	478 <DD>that you believe in him whom he sent.”<BR>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	479 30 They then said to him: “What sign then are you going to give that we may see and believe
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	480 you? What work do you perform? 31 Our fathers ate ffianna in the desert, as it is written: ‘He
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	481 gave them bread from heaven to eat.’”</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	482 <p>885 After having described how the disciples searched for Christ, the Evangelist now shows the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	483 people looking for him. First, he states their motive; secondly, the occasion; and thirdly, the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	484 search itself (v 24).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	485 <p>886 The crowd of people was looking for Christ because of the miracle mentioned above, that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	486 is, because he had crossed the sea without using any boat. They realized this because the other
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	487 evening he had not been on the shore near where he had performed the miracle of the bread, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	488 where there had been only one boat which had left for the opposite shore with the disciples, but
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	489 without Christ. So that morning, when they could not find Christ on this side, since he was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	490 already on the other side although there was no other boat he could have used, they suspected that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	491 he had crossed by walking upon the sea. And this is what he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">On the next day, </span>following
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	492 the one on which he had worked the miracle of the bread, <span style="font-weight: bold">the crowd that stood on the other
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	493 side of the sea</span>, where he had performed this miracle, <span style="font-weight: bold">saw that there was no second boat there,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	494 but only one, </span>because the day before that was the only one there, and they had seen <span style="font-weight: bold">that Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	495 had not gone into the boat, but only his disciples had gone. </span>This one ship signifies the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	496 Church, which is one by its unity of faith and sacraments: “One faith, one baptism” (Eph 4:5).
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	497 Again, our Lord’s absence from his disciples signifies his physical absence from them at the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	498 ascension: “After the Lord Jesus spoke to them, he was taken up into heaven” (Mk 16:19).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	499 <p>887 It was the arrival of other boats from the opposite side of the sea that gave the people the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	500 opportunity to look for Christ; they could cross on these and search for him. He says: <span style="font-weight: bold">But other
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	501 boats arrived, </span>from the other side, that is, <span style="font-weight: bold">from Tiberias, near the place where they had eaten
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	502 the bread, after having given thanks to God.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	503 <p>These other boats signify the various sects of heretics and of those who seek their own profit, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	504 not the good of Jesus Christ: “You seek me ... because you have eaten of the bread and have been
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	505 filled” (v 26). These groups are either separated in faith, as are the heretics, or in the love of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	506 charity, as are the carnal, who are not properly in the Church, but next to it, insofar as they have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	507 a feigned faith and the appearance of holiness: “They have the appearance of devotion, but deny
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	508 its power” (2 Tim 3:5); “Do not be surprised if the ministers of Satan disguise themselves” (2
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	509 Cor 11:14).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	510 <p>888 The people were eager to find Christ. First, he shows how they looked for him; secondly,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	511 how they questioned him after they found him (v 25).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	512 <p>889 He says, <span style="font-weight: bold">When the people saw that Jesus was not there, </span>nor <span style="font-weight: bold">his disciples, they got into
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	513 the boats, </span>which had come from Tiberias, <span style="font-weight: bold">looking for Jesus; </span>and this is praiseworthy: “Search
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	514 for the Lord while he can be found” (Is 55:6); “Seek the Lord, and your soul will have life” (Ps
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	515 68:33).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	516 <p>890 Once they found him, they questioned him. <span style="font-weight: bold">When they, </span>the people, <span style="font-weight: bold">found him, </span>Christ, <span style="font-weight: bold">on
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	517 the other side of the sea, </span>they asked him: <span style="font-weight: bold">Rabbi, when did you come here? </span>This can be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	518 understood in two ways. In the first way, they were asking about the time only. And then,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	519 Chrysostom says, they should be rebuked for their rudeness, because, after such a miracle, they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	520 did not ask how he crossed without a boat, but only when he did so. Or, it can be said that by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	521 asking <span style="font-weight: bold">when, </span>they wanted to know not just the time, but the other circumstances connected with
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	522 this miraculous crossing.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	523 <p>891 Note that now, after they have found Christ, they do not wish do make him their king, while
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	524 before, after he had fed them, they did. They wanted to make him their king then because they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	525 were emotionally excited with the joy of their meal; but such emotions quickly pass. So it is that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	526 things that we plan according to our emotions do not last; but matters that we arrange by our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	527 reason last longer: “A wise man continues on in his wisdom like the sun; a fool changes like the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	528 moon” (Sir 27:12); “The work of the wicked will not last” (Prv 11:18)</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	529 <p>892 Then (v 26), our Lord begins to mention a food that is spiritual. First, he states a truth about
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	530 this spiritual food. In the second place, he clears up a misunderstanding (6:41). As to the first he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	531 does three things. First, he presents a truth about this spiritual food; secondly, he mentions its
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	532 origin; and thirdly, he tells 4hem how this spiritual food is to be acquired (6:34). He does two
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	533 things about the first. First, he explains this spiritual food and its power; in the second place, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	534 tells what this food is (v 28). As to the first, he does two things. First, he rebukes them for their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	535 disordered desires; in the second place, he urges them to accept the truth (v 27).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	536 <p>893 He says, Amen, amen, I say to you, that although you seem to be devout, <span style="font-weight: bold">you seek me not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	537 because you have seen miracles, but because you have eaten of the bread and have been
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	538 filled. </span>As if to say: You seek me, not for the sake of the spirit, but for the sake of the flesh,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	539 because you hope for more food. As Augustine says, these people represent those who seek Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	540 not for himself, but in order to gain certain worldly advantages: as those engaged in some
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	541 business call on clerics and prelates, not for the sake of Christ, but so that through their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	542 intervention they might be advanced into the ranks of those who are important; and like those
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	543 who hurry to the churches, not for Christ, but because they have been urged to do so by those
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	544 who are more powerful; and like those who approach our Lord for sacred orders not because they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	545 desire the merits of the virtues, but because they are looking for the satisfactions of this present
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	546 life, as wealth and praise, as Gregory says in his <i>Moralia</i>. This is obvious: for to perform
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	547 miracles is a work of divine power, but to eat loaves of bread which have been multiplied is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	548 temporal. Accordingly, those who do not come to Christ because of the power they see in him,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	549 but because they eat his bread, are not serving Christ but their own stomachs, as we see from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	550 Philippians (3:19); and again, “He will praise you when you are good to him,” as we read in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	551 Psalm (48:19).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	552 <p>894 He leads them back to the truth by calling their attention to spiritual food, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">Do not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	553 work for the food that perishes, but for that which endures to eternal life. </span>First, he mentions
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	554 its power; secondly, that it comes from him, <span style="font-weight: bold">which the Son of Man will give you.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	555 <p>895 The power of this food is seen in the fact that it does not perish. In this respect we should
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	556 point out that material things are likenesses of spiritual things, since they are caused and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	557 produced by them; and consequently they resemble spiritual things in some way. Now just as the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	558 body is sustained by food, so that which sustains the spirit is called its food, whatever it might
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	559 be. The food that sustains the body is perishable, since it is converted into the nature of the body;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	560 but the food that sustains the spirit is not perishable, because it is not converted into the spirit;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	561 rather, the spirit is converted into its food. Hence Augustine says in his <i>Confessions</i>: “I am the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	562 food of the great; grow and you will eat me. But you will not change me into yourself, as you do
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	563 bodily food, but you will be changed into me.”</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	564 <p>So our Lord says: work, i.e., seek by your work, or merit by your works, <span style="font-weight: bold">not for the food that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	565 perishes, </span>i.e., bodily food: “Food is for the stomach, and the stomach for food, but God will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	566 destroy both” (1 Cor 6:13), because we will not always need food; but <span style="font-weight: bold">work for that which, </span>that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	567 is, the spiritual food, <span style="font-weight: bold">endures to eternal life. </span>This food is God himself, insofar as he is the Truth
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	568 which is to be contemplated and the Goodness which is to be loved, which nourish the spirit:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	569 “Eat my bread” (Prv 9:5); “Wisdom will feed him with the bread of life and understanding” (Sir
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	570 15:5). Again, this food is the obedience to the divine commands: “My food is to do the will of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	571 him who sent me” (above 4:34). Also, it is Christ himself: “I am the bread of life” (6:35); “My
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	572 flesh truly is food and my blood truly is drink” (6:56): and this is so insofar as the flesh of Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	573 is joined to the Word of God, which is the food by which the angels live. The difference between
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	574 bodily and spiritual food which he gives here, is like the one he gave before between bodily and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	575 spiritual drink: “Whoever drinks this water will be thirsty again, but whoever drinks the water
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	576 that I give, will never be thirsty again” (4:13). The reason for this is that bodily things are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	577 perishable, while spiritual things, and especially God, are eternal.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	578 <p>896 We should note that according to Augustine, in his work, <i>On the Labor of Monks, </i>that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	579 certain monks misunderstood our Lord’s saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">Do not work for the food that perishes, </span>and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	580 claimed that spiritual men should not perform physical work. But this interpretation is false
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	581 because Paul, who was most spiritual, worked with his hands: as we read in Ephesians, there he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	582 says (4:28): “Let him who stole, steal no longer, rather let him work with his hands.” The correct
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	583 interpretation, therefore, is that we should direct our work, i.e., our main interest and intention,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	584 to seeking the food that leads to eternal life, that is, spiritual goods. In regard to temporal goods,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	585 they should not be our principal aim but a subordinate one, that is, they are to be acquired only
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	586 because of our mortal body, which has to be nourished as long as we are living this present life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	587 So the Apostle speaks against this opinion, saying: “If any one will not work, neither let him eat”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	588 (2 Thes 3:10); as if to say: those who maintain that physical work is not to be done should not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	589 eat, since eating is physical.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	590 <p>897 Next (v 27), he mentions the one who gives this spiritual food. First, we see the author of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	591 this food; secondly, the source of his authority to give us this food. Christ is the author of this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	592 spiritual food, and the one who gives it to us. Thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">which, </span>that is, the food that does not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	593 perish, <span style="font-weight: bold">the Son of Man will give you. </span>If he had said, “the Son of God,” it would not have been
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	594 unexpected; but he captures their attention by saying that <span style="font-weight: bold">the Son of Man </span>gives this food. Yet
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	595 the Son of Man gives this food in a spiritual way, because human nature, weakened by sin, found
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	596 spiritual food distasteful, and was not able to take it in its spirituality. Thus it was necessary for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	597 the Son of Man to assume flesh and nourish us with it: “You have prepared a table before me”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	598 (Ps 22:5).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	599 <p>898 He adds the source of his authority to give us this food when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">for on him has God
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	600 the Father set his seal. </span>As if to say: the Son of Man will give us this food because he surpasses
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	601 all the sons of men by his unique and preeminent fulness of grace. Thus he says, on him, i.e., on
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	602 the Son of Man, <span style="font-weight: bold">has God the Father set his seal, </span>i.e., he has significantly distinguished him
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	603 from others: “God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness above your fellows” (Ps
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	604 44:8).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	605 <p>Hilary explains it this way. <span style="font-weight: bold">God set his seal, </span>i.e., impressed with a seal. For when a seal is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	606 impressed on wax, the wax retains the entire figure of the seal, just as the Son has received the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	607 entire figure of the Father. Now the Son receives from the Father in two ways. One of these ways
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	608 is eternal, and <span style="font-weight: bold">set his seal </span>does not refey to this way, because when something is sealed the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	609 nature receiving the seal is not the same as the nature impressing the seal. Rather, these words
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	610 should be understood as referring to the mystery of the incarnation, because God the Father has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	611 impressed his Word on human nature; this Word who is “the brightness of his glory, and the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	612 figure of his substance” (Heb 1:3).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	613 <p>Chrysostom explains it this way. God the Father has <span style="font-weight: bold">set his seal, </span>i.e., God the Father specifically
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	614 chose Christ to give eternal life to the world: “I came that they may have life” (below 10:10). For
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	615 when someone is chosen to perform some great task, he is said to be sealed for that task: “After
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	616 this, the Lord appointed (<i>designo, </i>appoint; <i>signo, </i>seal, mark) seventy other disciples” (Lk 10:1).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	617 <p>Or, it could be said that God the Father <span style="font-weight: bold">set his seal, </span>i.e., Christ was made known by the Father,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	618 by his voice at Christ’s baptism, and by his works, as we saw in the fifth chapter.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	619 <p>899 Next (v 28), we see the nature of spiritual food. First, the Jews pose their question; in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	620 second place, we have the answer of Jesus Christ (v 29).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	621 <p>900 Concerning the first, we should note that the Jews, since they had been taught by the law,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	622 believed that only God was eternal. So when Christ said that his food would endure to eternal
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	623 life, they understood that it would be a divine food. Thus when they question Christ, they do not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	624 mention this food, but rather the work of God, saying: <span style="font-weight: bold">What must we do that we may perform
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	625 the works of God? </span>Indeed, they were not far from the truth, since spiritual food is nothing else
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	626 than performing and accomplishing the works of God: “What shall I do to gain eternal life?” (Lk
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	627 18:18).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	628 <p>901 The Lord’s answer is given when he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">This is the work of God, that you believe in him
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	629 whom he sent. </span>Here we should reflect that in Romans (4:2), the Apostle distinguished faith from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	630 works, saying that Abraham was justified by his faith, not by his works. If this is so, why does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	631 our Lord say here that to have faith, i.e., to believe, is a work of God? There are two answers to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	632 this. One is that the Apostle is not distinguishing faith from absolutely all works, but only from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	633 external works. External works, being performed by our body, are more noticeable, and so the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	634 word “works” ordinarily refers to them. But there are other works, interior works, performed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	635 within the soul, and these are known only to the wise and those converted in heart.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	636 <p>From another point of view, we can say that to believe can be regarded as included in our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	637 external works, not in the sense that it is an external work, but because it is the source of these
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	638 works.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	639 <p>Thus he significantly says: <span style="font-weight: bold">that you believe in him </span>(<i>in illum</i>)<i>. </i>Now it is one thing to say: “I
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	640 believe in God,” (<i>credere Deum</i>),<i> </i>for this indicates the object. It is another thing to say: “I believe
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	641 God,” (<i>credere Deo</i>),<i> </i>for this indicates the one who testifies. And it is still another thing to say:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	642 “I believe in God,” (<i>in Deum</i>), for this indicates the end. Thus God can be regarded as the object
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	643 of faith, as the one who testifies, and as the end, but in different ways. For the object of faith can
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	644 be a creature, as when I believe in the creation of the heavens. Again, a creature can he one who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	645 testifies, for I believe Paul (<i>credo Paulo</i>) or any of the saints. But only God can be the end of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	646 faith, for our mind is directed to God alone as its end. Now the end, since it has the character of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	647 a good, is the object of love. Thus, to believe in God (<i>in Deum</i>)<i> </i>as in an end is proper to faith
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	648 living through the love of charity. Faith, living in this way, is the principle of all our good works;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	649 and in this sense to believe is said to be a work of God.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	650 <p>902 But if faith is a work of God, how do men do the works of God? Isaiah (26:12) gives us the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	651 answer when he says: “You have accomplished all our works for us.” For the fact that we believe,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	652 and any good we do, is from God: “It is God who is working in us, both to will and to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	653 accomplish” (Phil 2:13). Thus he explicitly says that to believe is a work of God in order to show
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	654 us that faith is a gift of God, as Ephesians (2:8) maintains.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	655 <p>903 Next, we see the origin of this food. First, we have the question asked by the Jews; secondly,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	656 the answer of Christ (v 32). Three things are done about the first: first, the Jews look for a sign;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	657 secondly, they decide what it should be; and thirdly, they bring in what is narrated in Scripture.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	658 <p>904 They look for a sign by asking Christ: <span style="font-weight: bold">What sign then are you going to give that we may
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	659 see and believe you? </span>This question is explained differently by Augustine and by Chrysostom.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	660 Chrysostom says that our Lord was leading them to the faith. But the evidence that leads one to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	661 the faith are miracles: “Signs were given to unbelievers” (1 Cor 14:22). And so the Jews were
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	662 looking for a sign in order to believe, Afor it is their custom to seek such signs: “For Jews
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	663 demand signs” (1 Cor 14:22). So they say: <span style="font-weight: bold">What sign then are you going to </span>give?</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	664 <p>But it seems foolish to ask for a miracle for this reason, for Christ had just performed some in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	665 their presence which could lead them to believe, as multiplying the bread and walking on the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	666 water. What they were asking was that our Lord always provide them with food. This is clear
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	667 because the only sign they mention is the one given by Moses to their ancestors for forty years,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	668 and they ask in this way that Christ always provide food for them. Thus they say: <span style="font-weight: bold">Our fathers
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	669 ate manna in the desert. </span>They did not say that God provided their ancestors with the manna, so
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	670 that they would not seem to be making Christ equal to God. Again, they did not say that Moses
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	671 fed their ancestors, so they would not seem to be preferring Moses to Christ, trying in this way
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	672 to influence our Lord. We read of this food: “Man ate the bread of angels” (Ps 77:25).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	673 <p>905 According to Augustine, however, our Lord had said that he would give thein food that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	674 would endure to eternal life. Thus, he seemed to put himself above Moses. The Jews, on the other
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	675 hand, considered Moses greater than Christ; so they said: “We know that God spoke to Moses,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	676 but we do not know where this man is from” (below 9:29). Accordingly, they required Christ to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	677 accomplish greater things than Moses; and so they recall what Moses did, saying: <span style="font-weight: bold">Our Fathers
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	678 ate manna in the desert. </span>As if to say: What you say about yourself is greater than what Moses
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	679 did, for you are promising a food that does not perish, while the manna that Moses gave became
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	680 wormy if saved for the next day. Therefore, if we are to believe you, do something greater than
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	681 Moses did. Although you have fed five thousand men once with five barley loaves, this is not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	682 greater than what Moses did, for he fed all the people with manna from heaven for forty years,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	683 and in the desert too: “He gave them the bread of heaven” (Ps 77:24).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	684 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	685 <p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.125in"><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE 4</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	686 <BLOCKQUOTE><p>32 Jesus therefore said to them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	687 <DD>“Amen, amen, I say to you:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	688 <DD>Moses did not give you bread from heaven,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	689 <DD>but my Father gives you true bread from heaven.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	690 <DD>33 For the true bread is that which descends
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	691 <DD>from heaven, and gives life to the world.”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	692 <BR>34 They then said to him: “Lord, give us this bread always.” 35 But Jesus said to them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	693 <DD>“I am the bread of life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	694 <DD>Whoever comes to me shall not hunger;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	695 <DD>and whoever believes in me shall never thirst.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	696 <DD>36 But I have told you that you have both seen me
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	697 <DD>and do not believe.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	698 <DD>37 All that the Father gives me shall come to me;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	699 <DD>and the one who comes to me I will not cast out,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	700 <DD>38 because I have come down from heaven,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	701 <DD>not to do my own will,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	702 <DD>but the will of him who sent me.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	703 <DD>39 Now it is the will of him who sent me, the Father,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	704 <DD>that of all that he has given me I should lose nothing,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	705 <DD>but raise it up on the last day.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	706 <DD>40 For this is the will of my Father, who sent me,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	707 <DD>that every one who sees the Son and believes in him,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	708 <DD>should have eternal life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	709 <DD>And I will raise him up on the last day.”</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	710 <p>906 Having told us the question the Jews had asked Christ, the Evangelist now gives his answer.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	711 First, Christ tells us of the origin of this spiritual food; secondly, he proves what he has just said
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	712 (v 33).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	713 <p>907 Concerning the first, we should note that the Jews had mentioned two things to Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	714 concerning the bodily food which had been given to their ancestors: the one who gave this food,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	715 Moses, and the place, that is, from heaven. Accordingly, when our Lord tells them about the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	716 origin of spiritual food, he does not mention these two, for he says that there is another who gives
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	717 this food and another place. He says: <span style="font-weight: bold">Amen, amen, I say to you: Moses did not give you bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	718 from heaven. </span>There is another who gives to you, that is, <span style="font-weight: bold">my Father; </span>and he gives, not, just
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	719 bodily bread, but <span style="font-weight: bold">the true bread from heaven.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	720 <p>908 But was it not true bread that their ancestors had in the desert? I answer that if you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	721 understand “true” as contrasted with “false,” then they had true bread, for the miracle of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	722 manna was a true miracle. But if “true” is contrasted with “symbolic,” then that bread was not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	723 true, but was a symbol of spiritual bread, that is, of our Lord Jesus Christ, whom that manna
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	724 signified, as the Apostle says: “All ate the same spiritual food” (1 Cor 10:3).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	725 <p>909 When the Psalm (77:24) says, “He gave them the bread of heaven,” this seems to conflict
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	726 with, <span style="font-weight: bold">Moses did not give you bread from heaven. </span>I answer that the word “heaven” can be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	727 understood in three ways. Sometimes it can mean the air, as in “The birds of heaven ate them”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	728 (Mt 13:4); and also in, “The Lord thundered from heaven” (Ps 14:14). Sometimes “heaven”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	729 means the starry sky; as in, “The highest heaven is the Lord’s” (Ps 113:16), and in, “The stars
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	730 will fall from heaven” (Mt 24:19). Thirdly, it can signify goods of a spiritual nature, as in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	731 “Rejoice and be glad, because your reward is great in heaven” (Mt 5:12). So the manna was from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	732 heaven, not the heaven of the stars or of spiritual food, but from the air. Or, the manna was said
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	733 to be from heaven insofar as it was a symbol of the true bread from heaven, our Lord Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	734 Christ.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	735 <p>910 When he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">For the true bread is that which descends from heaven, and gives life to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	736 the world, </span>he proves that it is from heaven by its effect. For the true heaven is spiritual in nature,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	737 and has life by its own essence; therefore, of itself, it gives life: “It is the spirit that gives life”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	738 (below 6:64). Now God himself is the author of life. Therefore, we know that this spiritual bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	739 is from heaven when it produces its proper effect, if it gives life. That bodily bread used by the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	740 Jews did not give life, since all who ate the nianna died. But this [spiritual]<i> </i>bread does give life,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	741 so he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">the true bread, </span>not that symbolic bread, <span style="font-weight: bold">is that which descends from heaven. </span>This
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	742 is clear, because it <span style="font-weight: bold">gives life to the world: </span>for Christ, who is the true bread, gives life to whom
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	743 he wills: “I came that they may have life” (below 10:10). He also descended from heaven: “No
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	744 one has gone up to heaven except the One who came down from heaven” (above 3:13). Thus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	745 Christ, the true bread, gives life to the world by reason of his divinity; and he descends from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	746 heaven by reason of his human nature, for as we said on the prior text, he came down from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	747 heaven by assuming human nature: “He emptied himself, taking the form of a servant” (Phil 2:7).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	748 <p>911 Now he considers the acquisition of this spiritual food. First, we see the Jews asking for it;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	749 secondly, he shows the way it is acquired (v 3 5).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	750 <p>912 We should note with respect to the first, that the Jews understood what Christ said in a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	751 material way; and so, because they desired material things, they were looking for material bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	752 from Christ. Hence they said to him, <span style="font-weight: bold">Lord, give us this bread always, </span>which physically
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	753 nourishes us. The Samaritan woman also understood what our Lord said about spiritual water in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	754 a material way, and wishing to slake her thirst, said, “Give me this water” (above 4:15). And
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	755 although these people understood what our Lord said about food in a material way, and asked for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	756 it this way, we are expected to ask for it as understood in a spiritual way: “Give us this day our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	757 daily bread” (Mt 6:11), because we cannot live without this bread.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	758 <p>913 Then, he shows how this bread is acquired. First, he shows what this bread is; secondly, how
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	759 to obtain it (v 37). Concerning the first, he does three things. First, he explains what this bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	760 is, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the bread of life; </span>secondly, he gives the reason for this, <span style="font-weight: bold">Whoever comes to me shall
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	761 not hunger; </span>thirdly, he shows why this had to be explained (v 36).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	762 <p>914 Jesus said to them: <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the bread of life, </span>for as we saw above, the word of wisdom is the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	763 proper food of the mind, because the mind is sustained by it: “He fed him with the bread of life
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	764 and understanding” (Sir 15:3). Now the bread of wisdom is called the bread of life to distinguish
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	765 it from material bread, which is the bread of death, and which serves only to restore what has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	766 been lost by a mortal organism; hence material bread is necessary only during this mortal life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	767 But the bread of divine wisdom is life-giving of itself, and no death can affect it. Again, material
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	768 bread does not give life, but only sustains for a time a life that already exists. But spiritual bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	769 actually gives life: for the soul begins to live because it adheres to the word of God: “For with
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	770 you is the fountain of life,” as we see in the Psalm (35:10). Therefore, since every word of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	771 wisdom is derived from the Only Begotten Word of God—The fountain of wisdom is the Only
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	772 Begotten of God” (Sir 1:5)—this Word of God is especially called the bread of life. Thus Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	773 says, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the bread of life. </span>And because the flesh of Christ is united to the Word of God, it also
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	774 is life-giving. Thus, too, his body, sacramentally received, is life-giving: for Christ gives life to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	775 the world through the mysteries which he accomplished in his flesh. Consequently, the flesh of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	776 Christ, because of the Word of the Lord, is not the bread of ordinary life, but of that life which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	777 does not die. And so the flesh of Christ is called bread: “The bread of Asher is rich” (Gn 49:20).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	778 <p>His flesh was also signified by the manna. “Manna” means “What is this?” because when the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	779 Jews saw it they wondered, and asked each other what it was. But nothing is more a source of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	780 wonder than the Son of God made man, so that everyone can fittingly ask, “What is this?” That
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	781 is, how can the Son of God be the Son of Man? How can Christ be one person with two natures?
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	782 “His name will be called Wonderful” (Is 9:6). It is also a cause for wonder how Christ can be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	783 present in the sacrament.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	784 <p>915 Next (v 35), he gives the reason for this from the effect of this [spiritual] bread. When
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	785 material bread is eaten, it does not permanently take away our hunger, since it must be destroyed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	786 in order to build us up; and this is necessary if we are to be nourished. But spiritual bread, which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	787 gives life of itself, is never destroyed; consequently, a person who eats it once never hungers
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	788 again. Thus he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">Whoever comes to me shall not hunger; and whoever believes in me
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	789 shall never thirst.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	790 <p>According to Augustine, it is the same thing to say, <span style="font-weight: bold">whoever comes</span>, as to say, <span style="font-weight: bold">whoever believes</span>:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	791 since it is the same to come to Christ and to believe in him , for we do not come to God with
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	792 bodily steps, but with those of the mind, the first of which is faith. To eat and to drink are also
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	793 the same: for each signifies that eternal fulness where there is no want: “Blessed are they who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	794 hunger and thirst for what is right, for they will be filled” (Mt 5:6); so that food which sustains
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	795 and that drink which refreshes are one and the same.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	796 <p>One reason why temporal things do not take away our thirst permanently is that they are not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	797 consumed altogether, but only bit by bit, and with motion, so that there is always still more to be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	798 consumed. For this reason, just as there is enjoyment and satisfaction from what has been
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	799 consumed, so there is a desire for what is still to come. Another reason is that they are destroyed;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	800 hence the recollection of them remains and generates a repeated longing for those things.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	801 Spiritual things, on the other hand, are taken all at once, and they are not destroyed, nor do they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	802 run out; and consequently the fulness they produce remains forever: “They will neither hunger
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	803 nor thirst” (Rv 7:16); “Your face will fill me with joy; the delights in your right hand (i.e., in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	804 spiritual goods) will last forever,” as the Psalm (16:11) says.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	805 <p>916 Then (v 36), we see why Christ had to explain these things. For someone could say: We
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	806 asked for bread; but you did not answer, “I will give it to you,” or “I will not.” Rather, you say,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	807 I am the bread of life; and so your answer does not seem to be appropriate. But our Lord shows
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	808 that it is a good answer, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">I have told you that you have both seen me and do not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	809 believe. </span>This is the same as a person having bread right in front of him without his knowing it,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	810 and then being told: Look! The bread is right before you. And so Christ says: <span style="font-weight: bold">I have told you (I
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	811 am the bread of life) that you have both seen me and do not believe, </span>i.e., you want bread, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	812 it is right before you; and yet you do not take it because you do not believe. In saying this he is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	813 censuring them for their unbelief: “They have seen and hated both me and my Father” (below
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	814 15:24).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	815 <p>917 Then (v 37), he shows how this bread is acquired. First, he mentions the way to acquire it;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	816 secondly, the end attained by those who come to him (v 37b); thirdly, he enlarges on this (v 38).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	817 <p>918 Concerning the first, we should note that the very fact that we believe is a gift of God to us:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	818 “You are saved by grace, through faith; and this is not due to yourself, for it is the gift of God”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	819 (Eph 2:8); “It has been granted to you not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him” (Phil
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	820 1:29). Sometimes, God the Father is said to give those who believe to the Son, as here: <span style="font-weight: bold">All that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	821 the Father gives me shall come to me. </span>At other times, the Son is said to give them to the Father,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	822 as in 1 Corinthians (15~24): “He will hand over the kingdom to God and the Father.” We can see
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	823 from this that just as the Father does not deprive himself of the kingdom in giving to the Son,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	824 neither does the Son in giving to the Father. The Father gives to the Son insofar as the Father
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	825 makes a person adhere to his Word: “Through whom (that is, the Father) you have been called
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	826 into the fellowship of his Son” (1 Cor 1:9). The Son, on the other hand, gives to the Father
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	827 insofar as the Word makes the Father known: “I have made known your name to those you have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	828 given ine” (below 17:6). Thus Christ says: <span style="font-weight: bold">All that the Father gives me shall come to me, </span>i.e.,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	829 those who believe in me, whom the Father makes adhere to me by his gift.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	830 <p>9 19 Perhaps some might say that it is not necessary for one to use God’s gift: for many receive
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	831 God’s gift and do not use it. So how can he say: <span style="font-weight: bold">All that the Father gives me shall come to me?
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	832 </span>We must say to this that in this giving we have to include not only the habit, which is faith, but
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	833 also the interior impulse to believe. So, everything which contributes to salvation is a gift of God.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	834 <p>920 There is another question. If everything which the Father gives to Christ comes to him, as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	835 he says, then only those come to God whom the Father gives him. Thus, those who do not come
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	836 are not responsible, since they are not given to him. I answer that they are not responsible if they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	837 cannot come to the faith without the help of God. But those who do not come are responsible,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	838 because they create an obstacle to their own coming by turning away from salvation, the way to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	839 which is of itself open to all.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	840 <p>921 Then (v 37b), the end attained by those who come is mentioned. For some might say, “We
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	841 will come to you, but you will not receive us.” To exclude this he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">the one who comes to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	842 me, </span>by steps of faith and by good works, <span style="font-weight: bold">I will not cast out. </span>By this he lets us understand that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	843 he is already within, for one must be within before one can be sent out. Let us consider, therefore,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	844 what is interior, and how one is cast out from it.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	845 <p>We should point out that since all visible things are said to be exterior with respect to spiritual
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	846 things, then the more spiritual something is the more interior it is. What is interior is twofold.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	847 The first is the most profound, and is the joy of eternal life. According to Augustine, this is a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	848 sweet and most interior retreat, without any weariness, without the bitterness of evil thoughts,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	849 and uninterrupted by temptations and sorrows. We read of this: “Share the joy of your Lord” (Mt
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	850 25:21); and, “You will hide them in the secret of your face,” that is, in the full vision of your
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	851 essence (Ps 30:2 1). From this interior no one is cast out: “He who conquers, I will make him a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	852 pillar in the temple of the living God; and he will no longer leave it” (Rv 3:12), because “the just
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	853 will go to everlasting life,” as we see from Matthew (25:46). The other interior is that of an
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	854 upright conscience; and this is a spiritual joy. We read of this: “When I enter into my house I will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	855 enjoy repose” (Wis 8:16); and “The king has brought me into his storerooms” (Sg 1:3). It is from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	856 this interior, that some are cast out.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	857 <p>So, when our Lord says, <span style="font-weight: bold">the one who comes to me I will not cast out, </span>we can understand this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	858 in two ways. In one way, those who come to him are those who have been given to him by the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	859 Father through eternal predestination. Of these he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">the one who comes to me, </span>predestined
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	860 by the Father, <span style="font-weight: bold">I will not cast out: </span>“God has not rejected his people, the people he chose” (Rom
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	861 11:2). In a second way, those who do go out are not cast out by Christ, rather, they cast
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	862 themselves out, because through their unbelief and sins they abandon the sanctuary of an upright
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	863 conscience. Thus we read: <span style="font-weight: bold">I will not cast out </span>such; but they do cast themselves out: “You are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	864 the burden, and I will cast you aside, says the Lord” (Jer 23:33). It was in this way that the man
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	865 who came to the wedding feast without wedding clothes was cast out (Mt 22:13).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	866 <p>922 Next (v 3 8), he gives the reason for what he just said. First, he mentions his intention to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	867 accomplish the will of the Father; secondly, he states what the will of the Father is (v 39); and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	868 thirdly, he shows the final accomplishment of this will (v 40b).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	869 <p>923 Concerning the first, we should note that this passage can be read in two ways: either as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	870 Augustine does, or following the interpretation of Chrysostom. Augustine understands it this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	871 way: <span style="font-weight: bold">the one who comes to me I will not cast out; </span>and this is because the one who comes to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	872 me imitates my humility. In Matthew (11:29), after our Lord said, “Come to me, all you who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	873 labor,” he added, “Learn from me, for I am gentle and humble of heart.” Now the true gentleness
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	874 of the Son of God consists in the fact that he submitted his will to the will of the Father. Thus he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	875 says, <span style="font-weight: bold">the one who comes to me I will not cast out, because I have come down from heaven,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	876 not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me. </span>Since a soul abandons God because
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	877 of its pride, it must return in humility, coming to Christ by imitating his humility; and this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	878 humility of Christ was in not doing his own will, but the will of God the Father.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	879 <p>Here we should note that there were two wills in Christ. One pertains to his human nature, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	880 this will is proper to him, both by nature and by the will of the Father. His other will pertains to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	881 his divine nature, and this will is the same as the will of the Father. Christ subordinated his own
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	882 will, that is, his human will, to the divine will, because, wishing to accomplish the will of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	883 Father, he was obedient to the Father’s will: “My God, I desired to do your will” (Ps 39:9). We
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	884 ask that this will be accomplished in our regard when we say, “Your will be done” (Mt 6:10).
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	885 Thus, those who do the will of God, not their own will, are not cast out. The devil, who wanted
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	886 to do his own will out of pride, was cast from heaven; and so too the first man was expelled from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	887 paradise.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	888 <p>Chrysostom explains the passage this way. The reason I do not cast out one who comes to me is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	889 because I have come to accomplish the will of the Father concerning the salvation of men. So,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	890 if I have become incarnate for the salvation of men, how can I cast them out? And this is what
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	891 he says: I will not cast out one who comes, <span style="font-weight: bold">because I have come down from heaven, not to do
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	892 my own will, my </span>human will, so as to obtain my own benefit, <span style="font-weight: bold">but the will of him who sent me</span>,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	893 that is, the Father, “He desires the salvation of all men” (1 Tim 2:4). And therefore, so far as I
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	894 am concerned, I do not cast out any person: “For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	895 to God by the death of his Son, now much more, having been reconciled, we will be saved by his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	896 life” (Rom 5:10).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	897 <p>924 Then (v 39), he shows what the Father wills; and next, why he wills it (v 40).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	898 <p>925 He says: I will not cast out those who come to me, because I have taken flesh in order to do
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	899 the will of the Father: <span style="font-weight: bold">Now it is the will of him who sent me, the Father, </span>that those who come
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	900 to me <span style="font-weight: bold">I will not cast out; </span>and so I will not cast them out. “This is the will of God, your
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	901 sanctification” (1 Thes 4:3). Therefore he says that it is the will of the Father <span style="font-weight: bold">that of all that he,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	902 </span>the Father, <span style="font-weight: bold">has given me I should lose nothing, </span>i.e., that I should lose nothing until the time of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	903 the resurrection. At this time some will be lost, the wicked; but none of those given to Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	904 through eternal predestination will be among them: “The way of the wicked will perish” (Ps 1:7).
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	905 Those, on the other hand, who are preserved until then, will not be lost.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	906 <p>Now when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">lose</span>, we should not understand this as implying that he needs such people
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	907 or that he is damaged if they perish. Rather, he says this because he desires their salvation and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	908 what is good for them, which he regards as his own good.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	909 <p>926 What John later reports Christ as saying seems to conflict with this: “None of them,” that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	910 is, of those you have given me, “have been lost except the son of perdition” (below 17:12). Thus,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	911 some of those given to Christ through eternal predestination are lost. Accordingly, what he says
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	912 here, <span style="font-weight: bold">that of all that he has given me I should lose nothing, </span>is not true. We must say to this that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	913 some are lost from among those given to Christ through a present justification; but none are lost
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	914 from among those given to him through eternal predestination.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	915 <p>927 Now he gives the reason for the divine will (v 40). The reason why the Father wills that I
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	916 lose nothing of all that he has given me is that the Father wills to bring men to life spiritually,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	917 because he is the fountain of life. And since the Father is eternal, he wills, absolutely speaking,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	918 that every one who comes to me should have eternal life. And this is what he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">For this is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	919 the will of my Father, who sent me, that every one who sees the Son and believes in him,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	920 should have eternal life. </span>Note that he said above: “Whoever hears my voice and believes in him
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	921 who sent me, possesses eternal life” (above 5:24), while here he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">every one who sees the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	922 Son and believes in him. </span>We can understand from this that the Father and the Son have the same
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	923 divine nature; and it is the vision of this, through its essence, that is our ultimate end and the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	924 object of our faith. When he says here, <span style="font-weight: bold">sees the Son, </span>he is referring to the physical sight of Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	925 which leads to faith, and not to this vision through essence which faith precedes. Thus he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	926 expressly says, <span style="font-weight: bold">every one who sees the Son and believes in him: </span>“Whoever believes in him ...
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	927 will not encounter judgment, but has passed from death to life” (above 5:24); “These things are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	928 written that you may believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that believing you may have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	929 life in his name” (below 20:3 1).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	930 <p>928 This will of the Father will also be accomplished. So he adds: <span style="font-weight: bold">And I will raise him up on
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	931 the last day, </span>for he wills that we have eternal life not just in our soul alone, but also in our body,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	932 as Christ did at his resurrection: “Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	933 some to an everlasting life, and others to everlasting shame” (Dn 12:2); “Christ, having risen
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	934 from the dead, will not die again” (Rom 6:9).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	935 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	936 <p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.125in"><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE5</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	937 <BLOCKQUOTE><p>41 The Jews therefore grumbled about him because he had said, “I amthe living bread that has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	938 come down from heaven.” 42 And they said: “Is he not the son of Joseph? Do we not know his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	939 father and mother? How then can he say that he has come down from heaven?” 43 Jesus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	940 responded and said to them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	941 <DD>“Stop grumbling among yourselves.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	942 <DD>44 No one can come to me
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	943 <DD>unless the Father, who sent me, draws him.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	944 <DD>And I will raise him up on the last day.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	945 <DD>45 It is written in the prophets;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	946 <DD>‘They shall all be taught by God.’
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	947 <DD>Every one who has heard the Father and has learned,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	948 <DD>comes to me.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	949 <DD>46 Not that any one has seen the Father,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	950 <DD>except the one who is from God—
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	951 <DD>he has seen the Father.”</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	952 <p>929 Those opinions that conflict with the above teaching of Christ are now rejected. First, those
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	953 of’ the people, who were discontented; secondly, those of the disciples, who were in a state of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	954 doubt (v 61). He does two things about the first. First, we see the people grumble about the origin
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	955 of this spiritual food; secondly, we see Christ check the dispute which arose over the eating of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	956 this spiritual food (v 53). As to the first he does two things. First, he mentions the grumbling of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	957 the people; secondly, how it was checked (v 43). As to the first he does two things. First, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	958 shows the occasion for this complaining; secondly, what those complaining said (v 42).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	959 <p>930 He continues that some of the people were grumbling over what Christ had said, that is,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	960 because Christ had said, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the living bread that has come down from heaven, </span>a spiritual
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	961 bread they did not understand or desire. And so they grumbled because their minds were not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	962 fixed on spiritual things. They were following in this case the custom of their ancestors: “They
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	963 grumbled in their tents” (Ps 105:25); “Do not grumble, as some of them did” (1 Cor 10:10). As
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	964 Chrysostom says, they had not complained till now because they still hoped to obtain material
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	965 food; but as soon as they lost that hope, they began to grumble, although they pretended that it
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	966 was for a different reason. Yet they did not contradict him openly due to the respect they had for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	967 him arising from his previous miracle.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	968 <p>931 He says those who complained said: <span style="font-weight: bold">Is he not the son of Joseph? </span>For since they were
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	969 earthly minded, they only considered Christ’s physical generation, which hindered them from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	970 recognizing his spiritual and eternal generation. And so we see them speaking only of earthly
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	971 things, “He who is of earth is earthly and speaks of earthly things” (above 3:3 1), and not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	972 understanding what is spiritual. Thus they said: <span style="font-weight: bold">How then can he say that he has come down
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	973 from heaven? </span>They called him the son of Joseph as this was the general opinion, for Joseph was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	974 his foster father: “the son of Joseph (as was supposed)” (Lk 3:23).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	975 <p>932 Next (v 43), the grumbling of the people is checked. First, Christ stops this complaining;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	976 secondly, he clears up their difficulty (v 47). As to the first he does two things. First, he checks
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	977 their complaining, secondly, he tells why they were doing it (v 44).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	978 <p>933 Jesus noticed that they were grumbling and checked them, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">Stop grumbling among
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	979 yourselves. </span>This was good advice, for those who complain show that their minds are not firmly
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	980 fixed on God; and so we read in Wisdom (1:11): “Keep yourselves from grumbling, for it does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	981 no good.”</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	982 <p>934 The reason for their grumbling was their unbelief, and he shows this when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">No one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	983 can come to me </span>.... First, he shows that if one is to come to Christ, he has to be drawn by the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	984 Father. Secondly, he shows the way one is drawn (v 45). As to the first he does three things. First,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	985 he mentions that coming to Christ surpasses human ability; secondly, the divine help we receive
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	986 for this; and thirdly, the end or fruit of this help.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	987 <p>That we should come to Christ through faith surpasses our human ability; thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">No one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	988 can come to me. </span>Secondly, divine help is effective in helping us to this; thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">unless the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	989 Father, who sent me, draws him. </span>The end or fruit of this help is the very best, so he adds, <span style="font-weight: bold">And
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	990 I will raise him up on the last day.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	991 <p>935 He says first: It is not unexpected that you are grumbling, because my Father had not yet
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	992 drawn you to me, for <span style="font-weight: bold">No one can come to me, </span>by believing in me, <span style="font-weight: bold">unless the Father, who sent
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	993 me, draws him.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	994 <p>There are three questions here. The first is about his saying: <span style="font-weight: bold">unless the Father draws him. </span>For
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	995 since we come to Christ by believing, then, as we said above, to come to Christ is to believe in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	996 him. But no one can believe unless he wills to. Therefore, since to be drawn implies some kind
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	997 of compulsion, one who comes to Christ by being drawn is compelled.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	998 <p>I answer that what we read here about the Father drawing us does not imply coercion, because
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	999 there are some ways of being drawn that do not involve compulsion. Consequently, the Father
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1000 draws men to the Son in many ways, using the different ways in which we can be drawn without
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1001 compulsion. One person may draw another by persuading him with a reason. The Father draws
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1002 us to his Son in this way by showing us that he is his Son. He does this in two ways. First, by an
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1003 interior revelation, as in: “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jona, for flesh and blood has not revealed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1004 this to you (that is, that Christ is the Son of the living God), but it was done so by my Father” (Mt
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1005 16:17). Secondly, it can be done through miracles, which the Son has the power to do from the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1006 Father: “The very works which my Father has given me to perform ... they bear witness to me”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1007 (above 5:36).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1008 <p>Again, one person draws another by attracting or captivating him: “She captivated him with her
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1009 flattery” (Prv 7:21). This is the way the Father draws those who are devoted to Jesus on account
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1010 of the authority of the paternal greatness. For the Father, i.e., the paternal greatness, draws those
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1011 who believe in Christ because they believe that he is the Son of God. Arius—who did not believe
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1012 that Christ was the true Son of God, nor begotten of the substance of the Father—was not drawn
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1013 in this way. Neither was Photinus—who dogniatized that Christ was a mere man. So, this is the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1014 way those who are captivated by his greatness are drawn by the Father. But they are also drawn
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1015 by the Son, through a wonderful joy and love of the truth, which is the very Son of God himself.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1016 For if, as Augustine says, each of us is drawn by his own pleasure, how much more strongly
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1017 ought we to be drawn to Christ if we find our pleasure in truth, happiness, justice, eternal life:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1018 all of which Christ is! Therefore, if we would be drawn by him, let us be drawn through love for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1019 the truth, according to: “Take delight in the Lord, and he will give you the desires of your heart”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1020 (Ps 36:4). And so in the Song of Solomon, the bride says: “Draw me after you, and we will run
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1021 to the fragrance of your perfume” (1:4).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1022 <p>An external revelation or an object are not the only things that draw us. There is also an interior
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1023 impulse that incites and moves us to believe. And so the Father draws many to the Son by the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1024 impulse of a divine action, moving a person’s heart from within to believe: “It is God who is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1025 working in us, both to will and to accomplish” (Phil 2:13); “1 will draw them with the cords of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1026 Adam, with bands of love” (Hos 11:4); “The heart of the king is in the hand of the Lord; he turns
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1027 it wherever he wills” (Prv 2 1:1).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1028 <p>936 The second problem is this. We read that it is the Son who draws us to the Father: “No one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1029 knows the Father but the Son, and he to whom the Son wishes to reveal him” (Mt 11:26); “1 have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1030 made your name known to those you have given me” (below 17:6). So how can it say here that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1031 it is the Father who draws us to the Son? This can be answered in two ways: for we can speak
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1032 of Christ either as a man, or as God. As man, Christ is the way: “I am the way” (below 14:6); and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1033 as the Christ, he leads us to the Father, as a way or road leads to its end. The Father draws us to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1034 Christ as man insofar as he gives us his own power so that we may believe in Christ: “You are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1035 saved by grace, through faith; and this is not due to yourself, for it is the gift of God”’ (Eph 2:8).
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1036 Insofar as he is Christ, he is the Word of God and manifests the Father. It is in this way that the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1037 Son draws us to the Father. But the Father draws us to the Son insofar as he manifests the Son.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1038 <p>937 The third problem concerns his saying that no one can come to Christ unless the Father
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1039 draws him. For according to this, if one does not come to Christ, it is not because of himself, but
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1040 is due to the one who does not draw him. I answer and say that, in truth, no one can come unless
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1041 drawn by the Father. For just as a heavy object by its nature cannot rise up, but has to be lifted
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1042 by someone else, so the human heart, which tends of itself to lower things, cannot rise to what
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1043 is above unless it is drawn or lifted. And if it does not rise up, this is not due to the failure of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1044 one lifting it, who, so far as lies in him, fails no one; rather, it is due to an obstacle in the one who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1045 is not drawn or lifted up.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1046 <p>In this matter we can distinguish between those in the state of integral nature, and those in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1047 state of fallen nature. In the state of integral nature, there was no obstacle to being drawn up, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1048 thus all could share in it. But in the state of fallen nature, all are equally held back from this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1049 drawing by the obstacle of sin; and so, all need to be drawn. God, in so far as it depends on him,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1050 extends his hand to every one, to draw every one; and what is more, he not only draws those who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1051 receive him by the hand, but even converts those who are turned away from him, according to:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1052 “Convert us, O Lord, to yourself, and we will be converted” (Lam 5:21); and “You will turn, O
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1053 God, and bring us to life,” as one version of the Psalm (84:7) puts it. Therefore, since God is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1054 ready to give grace to all, and draw them to himself, it is not due to him if someone does not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1055 accept; rather, it is due to the person who does not accept.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1056 <p>938 A general reason can be given why God does not draw all who are turned away from him,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1057 but certain ones, even though all are equally turned away. The reason is so that the order of divine
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1058 justice may appear and shine forth in those who are not drawn, while the immensity of the divine
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1059 mercy may appear and shine in those who are drawn. But as to why in particular he draws this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1060 person and does not draw that person, there is no reason except the pleasure of the divine will.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1061 So Augustine says: “Whom he draws and whom he does not draw, why he draws one and does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1062 not draw another, do not desire to judge if you do not wish to err. But accept and understand: If
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1063 you are not yet drawn, then pray that you may be drawn.” We can illustrate this by an example.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1064 One can give as the reason why a builder puts some stones at the bottom, and others at the top
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1065 and sides, that it is the arrangement of the house, whose completion requires this. But why he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1066 puts these particular stones here, and those over there, this depends on his mere will. Thus it is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1067 that the prime reason for the arrangement is referred to the will of the builder. So God, for the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1068 completion of the universe, draws certain ones in order that his mercy may appear in them; and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1069 others he does not draw in order that his justice may be shown in them. But that he draws these
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1070 and does not draw those, depends on the pleasure of his will. In the same way, the reason why
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1071 in his Church he made some apostles, some confessors, and others martyrs, is for the beauty and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1072 completion of the Church. But why he made Peter an apostle, and Stepehen a martyr, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1073 Nicholas a confessor, the only reason is his will. We are now clear on the limitations of our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1074 human ability, and the assistance given to us by divine help.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1075 <p>939 He follows with the end and fruit of this help when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">And I will raise him </span>tip <span style="font-weight: bold">on the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1076 last day, </span>even as man; for we obtain the fruit of the resurrection through those things which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1077 Christ did in his flesh: “For as death came through a man, so the resurrection of the dead has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1078 come through a man” (1 Cor 15:21). So <span style="font-weight: bold">I</span>, as man, <span style="font-weight: bold">will raise him up, </span>not only to a natural life,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1079 but even too the life of glory; and this on the last day. For the Catholic Faith teaches that the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1080 world will be made new: “Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth” (Rv 2 1:1), and that among
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1081 the changes accompanying this renewal we believe that the motion of the heavens will stop, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1082 consequently, time. “And the angel I saw standing on the sea and on the land, raised his hand to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1083 heaven” (Rv 10:5), and then it says that he swore that “time will be no more” (v 6). Since at the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1084 resurrection time will stop, so also will night and day, according to “There will be one day,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1085 known to the Lord, not day and night” (Zec 14:7). This is the reason he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">And I will raise
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1086 him up on the last day.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1087 <p>940 As to the question why the motion of the heavens and time itself will continue until then, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1088 not end before or after, we should note that whatever exists for something else is differently
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1089 disposed according to the different states of that for which it exists. But all physical things have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1090 been made for man; consequently, they should be disposed according to the different states of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1091 man. So, because the state of incorruptibility will begin in men when they arise—according to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1092 “What is mortal will put on incorruption,” as it says in 1 Corinthians (15:54)—the corruption of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1093 things will also stop then. Consequently, the motion of the heavens, which is the cause of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1094 generation and corruption of material things, will stop. “Creation itself will be set free from its
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1095 slavery to corruption into the freedom of the children of God” (Rom 8:21).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1096 <p>So, it is clear that the Father must draw us if we are to have faith.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1097 <p>941 Then (v 45), he considers the way we are drawn. First, he states the way; secondly, its
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1098 effectiveness (v 45b); and thirdly, he excludes a certain way of being drawn (v 46).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1099 <p>942 The manner in which we are drawn is appropriate, for God draws us by revealing and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1100 teaching; and this is what he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">It is written in the prophets: They shall all be taught by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1101 God. </span>Bede says that this comes from Joel. But it does not seem to be there explicitly, although
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1102 there is something like it in: “O children oi Zion, rejoice and be joyful in the Lord your God,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1103 because he will give you a teacher of justice” (JI 2:23). Again, according to Bede, he says, in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1104 prophets, so that we might understand that the same meaning can be gathered from various
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1105 statements of the prophets. But it is Isaiah who seems to state this more explicitly: “All your
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1106 children will be taught by the Lord” (is 54:13). We also read: “I will give you shepherds after my
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1107 own heart, and they will feed you with knowledge and doctrine” (Jer 3:15).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1108 <p>943 <span style="font-weight: bold">They shall all be taught by God, </span>can be understood in three ways. In one way, so that all
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1109 stands for all the people in the world; in another way, so that it stands for all who are in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1110 Church of Christ, and in a third way, so it means all who will be in the kingdom of heaven.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1111 <p>If we understand it in the first way, it does not seem to be true, for he immediately adds, <span style="font-weight: bold">Every
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1112 one who has heard the Father and has learned, comes to me. </span>Therefore, if every one in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1113 world is taught [by God], then every one will come to Christ. But this is false, for not every one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1114 has faith. There are three answers to this. First, one could say, as Chrysostorn does, that he is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1115 speaking of the majority: all, i.e., very many shall be taught, just as we find in Matthew: “Many
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1116 will come from the East and the West” (Mt 8:11). Secondly, it could mean, all, so far as God is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1117 concerned, shall be taught, but if some are not taught, that is due to themselves. For the sun, on
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1118 its part, shines on all, but some are unable to see it if they close their eyes, or are blind. From this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1119 point of view, the Apostle says: “He desires the salvation of all men, and that all come to the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1120 knowledge of the truth” (1 Tim 2:4). Thirdly, we could say, with Augustine, that we must make
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1121 a restricted application, so that <span style="font-weight: bold">They shall all be taught by God, </span>means that all who are taught,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1122 are taught by God. It is just as we might speak of a teacher of the liberal arts who is working in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1123 a city: he alone teaches all the boys of the city, because no one there is taught by anyone else. It
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1124 is in this sense that it was said above: “He was the true light, which enlightens every man coming
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1125 into this world” ( 1:9).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1126 <p>944 If we explain these words as referring to those who are gathered into the Church, it says:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1127 They shall all, all who are in the Church, be taught by God. For we read: “All your children will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1128 be taught by the Lord” (Is 54:13). This shows the sublimity of the Christian faith, which does not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1129 depend on human teachings, but on the teaching of God. For the teaching of the Old Testament
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1130 was given through the prophets; but the teaching of the New Testament is given through the Son
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1131 of God himself. “In many and various ways (i.e., in the Old Testament) God spoke to our fathers
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1132 through the prophets; in these days he has spoken to us in his Son” (Heb 1:1); and again in (2:3):
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1133 “It was first announced by the Lord, and was confirined to us by those who heard him.” Thus,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1134 all who are in the Church are taught, not by the apostles nor by the prophets, but by God himself.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1135 Further, according to Augustine, what we are taught by men is from God, who teaches from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1136 within: “You have one teacher, the Christ” (Mt 23:10). For understanding, which we especially
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1137 need for such teaching, is from God.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1138 <p>945 If we explain these words as applying to those who are in the kingdom of heaven, then <span style="font-weight: bold">They
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1139 shall all be taught by God, </span>because they will see his essence without any intermediary: “We
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1140 shall see him as he is” (1 Jn 3:2).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1141 <p>946 This drawing by the Father is most effective, because, <span style="font-weight: bold">Every one who has heard the Father
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1142 and has learned, comes to me. </span>Here he mentions two things: first, what relates to a gift of God,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1143 when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">has heard, </span>that is, through God, who reveals; the other relates to a free judgment,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1144 when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">and has learned, </span>that is, by an assent. These two are necessary for every teaching
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1145 of faith. <span style="font-weight: bold">Every one who has heard the Father, </span>teaching and making known, <span style="font-weight: bold">and has learned,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1146 </span>by giving assent, comes to me.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1147 <p>He comes in three ways: through a knowledge of the truth; through the affection of love; and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1148 through imitative action. And in each way it is necessary that one hear and learn. The one who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1149 comes through a knowledge of the truth must hear, when God speaks within: “I will hear what
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1150 the Lord God will speak within me” (Ps 84:9); and he must learn, through affection, as was said.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1151 The one who comes through love and desire—“If any one thirsts, let him come to me and drink”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1152 (below 7:37)—must hear the word of the Father and grasp it, in order to learn and be moved in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1153 his affections. For that person learns the word who grasps it according to the meaning of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1154 speaker. But the Word of the Father breathes forth love. Therefore, the one who grasps it with
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1155 eager love, learns. “Wisdom goes into holy souls, and makes them prophets and friends of God”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1156 (Wis 7:27). One comes to Christ through imitative action, according to: “Come to me, all you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1157 who labor and are burdened, and I will refresh you” (Mt 11:28). And whoever learns even in this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1158 way comes to Christ: for as the conclusion is to things knowable, so is action to things
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1159 performable. Now whoever learns perfectly in the sciences arrives at the conclusion; therefore,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1160 as regards things that are performable, whoever learns the words perfectly arrives at the right
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1161 action: “The Lord has opened my ear; and I do not resist” (Is 50:5).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1162 <p>947 To correct the thought that some might have that every one will hear and learn from the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1163 Father through a vision, he adds: <span style="font-weight: bold">Not that any one has seen the Father, </span>that is, a person living
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1164 in this life does not see the Father in his essence, according to: “Man will not see me and live”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1165 (Ex 33:20), <span style="font-weight: bold">except the one, </span>that is the Son, <span style="font-weight: bold">who is from God—he has seen the Father, </span>through
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1166 his essence. Or, <span style="font-weight: bold">Not that any one has seen the Father, </span>with a comprehensive vision: neither
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1167 man nor angel has ever seen or can see in this way; <span style="font-weight: bold">except the one who is from God, </span>i.e., the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1168 Son: “No one knows the Father except the Son” (Mt 11:27).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1169 <p>The reason for this, of course, is that all vision or knowledge comes about through a likeness:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1170 creatures have a knowledge of God according to the way they have a likeness to him. Thus the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1171 philosophers say that the intelligences know the First Cause according to this likeness which they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1172 have to it. Now every creature possesses some likeness to God, but it is infinitely distant from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1173 a likeness to his nature, and so no creature can know him perfectly and totally, as he is in his own
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1174 nature. The Son, however, because he has received the entire nature of the Father perfectly,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1175 through an eternal generation, sees and comprehends totally.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1176 <p>948 Note how the words used are appropriate: for above, when he was speaking of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1177 knowledge others have, he used the word “heard”; but now, in speaking of the Son’s knowledge,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1178 he uses the word “seen,” for knowledge which comes through seeing is direct and open, while
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1179 that which comes through hearing comes through one who has seen. And so we have received
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1180 the knowledge we have about the Father from the Son, who saw him. Thus, no one can know the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1181 Father except through Christ, who makes him known; and no one can come to the Son unless he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1182 has heard from the Father, who makes the Son known.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1183 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1184 <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE 6</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1185 <BLOCKQUOTE><DD>47 “Amen, amen, I say to you:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1186 <DD>Whoever believes in me has eternal life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1187 <DD>48 1 am the bread of life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1188 <DD>49 Your fathers ate manna in the desert,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1189 <DD>and they are dead.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1190 <DD>50 This is the bread that comes down from heaven,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1191 <DD>so that if anyone eats of this [bread]
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1192 <DD>he will not die.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1193 <DD>51 I am the living bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1194 <DD>that has come down from heaven.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1195 <DD>52 If anyone eats of this bread,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1196 <DD>he will live forever.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1197 <DD>And the bread which I will give is my flesh,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1198 <DD>for the life of the world.”</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1199 <p>949 After our Lord quieted the grumbling of the Jews, he now clears up the doubt they had
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1200 because of his saying, “I am the bread that has come down from heaven.” he intends to show here
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1201 that this is true. This is the way he reasons: The bread which gives life to the world descended
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1202 from heaven; but I am the bread that gives life to the world: therefore, I am the bread which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1203 descended from heaven. He does three things concerning this. First, he presents the minor
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1204 premise of his reasoning, that is, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the bread of life. </span>In the second place, he gives the major
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1205 premise, that is, that the bread that descended from heaven ought to give life (v 49). Thirdly, we
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1206 have the conclusion (v 5 1). As to the first he does two things. First, he states his point; secondly,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1207 he expresses it as practically proved (v 48).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1208 <p>950 His intention is to show that he is the bread of life. Bread is life-giving insofar as it is taken.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1209 Now one who believes in Christ takes him within himself, according to: “Christ dwells,in our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1210 hearts through faith” (Eph 3:17). Therefore, if he who believes in Christ has life, it is clear that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1211 he is brought to life by eating this bread. Thus, this bread is the bread of life. And this is what he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1212 says: Amen, amen, I say to you: <span style="font-weight: bold">Whoever believes in me, </span>with a faith made living by love,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1213 which not only perfects the intellect but the affections as well (for we do not tend to the things
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1214 we believe in unless we love them), <span style="font-weight: bold">has eternal life.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1215 <p>Now Christ is within us in two ways: in our intellect through faith, so far as it is faith; and in our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1216 affections through love, which informs or gives life to our faith: “He who abides in love, abides
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1217 in God, and God in him” (1 Jn 4:16). So he who believes in Christ so that he tends to him,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1218 possesses Christ in his affections and in his intellect. And if we add that Christ is eternal life, as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1219 stated in “that we may be in his true Son, Jesus Christ. This is the true God and eternal life” (1
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1220 Jn 5:20), and in “In him was life” (above 1:4), we can infer that whoever believes in Christ has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1221 eternal life. He has it, I say, in its Ciause and in hope, and he will have it at some time in reality.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1222 <p>951 Having stated his position, he expresses it as, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the bread of life, </span>which gives life, as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1223 clearly follows from the above. We read of this bread: “The bread of Asher will be rich, he will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1224 furnish choice morsels,” of eternal life, “to kings” (Gn 49:20).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1225 <p>952 Then when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">Your fathers ate manna in the desert, and they are dead, </span>he gives
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1226 the major premise, namely, the bread that descended from heaven ought to have the effect of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1227 giving life. First, he explains this; secondly, he draws his point (v 50).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1228 <p>953 He explains his meaning through a contrasting situation. It was said above (909) that Moses
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1229 gave the Jews bread from heaven, in the sense of from the air. But bread that does not come from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1230 the true heaven cannot give adequate life. Therefore, it is proper to the heavenly bread to give
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1231 life. So, the bread given by Moses, in which you take pride, does not give life. And he proves this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1232 when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">Your fathers ate manna in the desert, and they are dead.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1233 <p>In this statement he first reproaches them for their faults, when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">Your fathers, </span>whose
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1234 sons you are, not only according to the flesh, but also by imitating their actions, because you are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1235 grumblers just as “they grumbled in their tents” (Ps 105:25); this was why he said to them: “Fill
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1236 up, then, the measure of your fathers,” as we read in Matthew (23:32). As Augustine says, this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1237 people is said to have offended God in no matter more than by grumbling against God.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1238 <p>Secondly, he mentions for how short a time this was done, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">in the desert: </span>for they were
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1239 not given manna for a long period of time; and they had it only while in the desert, and not when
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1240 they entered the promised land (Jos 5). But the other bread [from the true heaven] preserves and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1241 nourishes one forever. Thirdly, he states an inadequacy in that bread, that is, it did not preserve
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1242 life without end; so he says, and they are dead. For we read in Joshua (c 5) that all who grumbled,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1243 except Joshua and Caleb, died in the desert. This was the reason for the second circumcision, as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1244 we see here, because all who had left Egypt died in the desert.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1245 <p>954 One might wonder what kind of death God is speaking of here. If he is speaking of physical
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1246 death, there will be no difference between the bread the Jews had in the desert and our bread,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1247 which came down from heaven, because even Christians who share the latter bread die
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1248 physically. But if he is speaking of spiritual death, it is clear that both then among the Jews and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1249 now among the Christians, some die spiritually and others do not. For Moses and many others
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1250 who were pleasing to God did not die, while others did. Also, those who eat this bread [of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1251 Christians] unworthily, die spiritually: “He who eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1252 judginent upon himself” (1 Cor 11:29).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1253 <p>We may answer this by saying that the food of the Jews has some features in common with our
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1254 spiritual food. They are alike in the fact that each signifies the same thing: for both signify Christ.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1255 Thus they are called the same food: “All ate the same spiritual food” ( 1 Cor 10:3). He calls them
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1256 the same because each is a symbol of the spiritual food. But they are different because one [the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1257 manna] was only a symbol; while the other [the bread of the Christians] contains that of which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1258 it is the symbol, that is, Christ himself. Thus we should say that each of these foods can be taken
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1259 in two ways. First, as a sign only, i.e., so that each is taken as food only, and without
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1260 understanding what is signified; and taken in this way, they do not take away either physical or
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1261 spiritual death. Secondly, they may be taken in both ways, i.e., the visible food is taken in such
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1262 a way that spiritual food is understood and spiritually tasted, in order that it may satisfy
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1263 spiritually. In this way, those who ate the manna spiritually did not die spiritually. But those who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1264 eat the Eucharist spiritually, both live spiritually now without sin, and will live physically
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1265 forever. Thus, our food is greater than their food, because it contains in itself that of which it is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1266 the symbol.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1267 <p>955 Having presented the argument, he draws the conclusion: <span style="font-weight: bold">This is the bread that comes,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1268 down from heaven. </span>He says, <span style="font-weight: bold">This, </span>the Gloss says, to indicate himself. But our Lord does not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1269 understand it this way as it would be superfluous, since he immediately adds, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the living
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1270 bread that has come down from heaven. </span>So we should say that our Lord wants to say that the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1271 bread which can do this, i.e., give life, comes from heaven; but I am that bread: thus, I am that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1272 bread that comes down from heaven. Now the reason why that bread which comes down from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1273 heaven gives a life which never ends is that all food nourishes according to the properties of its
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1274 nature; but heavenly things are incorruptible: consequently, since this food is heavenly, it is not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1275 corrupted, and as long as it lasts, it gives life. So, he who eats it, will not die. Just as if there were
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1276 some bodily food which never corrupted, then in nourishing it would always be life-giving. This
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1277 bread was signified by the tree of life in the midst of Paradise, which somehow gave life without
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1278 end: “He must not be allowed to stretch out his hand and take from the tree of life and eat, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1279 live forever” (Gn 3:22). So if the effect of this bread is that anyone who eats it will not die, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1280 I am such, then [anyone who eats of me will not die].</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1281 <p>956 He does two things concerning this. First, he speaks of himself in general; secondly, in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1282 particular, <span style="font-weight: bold">And the bread which I will give is my flesh. </span>In regard to the first, he does two
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1283 things: first, he mentions his origin; secondly his power (v 52).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1284 <p>957 He said, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the living bread; </span>consequently, I can give life. Material bread does not give
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1285 life forever, because it does not have life in itself; but it gives life by being changed and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1286 converted into nourishment by the energy of a living organism. <span style="font-weight: bold">That has come down from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1287 heaven: </span>it was explained before [4671 how the Word came down. This refuted those heresies
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1288 which taught that Christ was a mere man, because according to them, he would not have come
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1289 down from heaven.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1290 <p>958 He has the power to give eternal life; thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">If anyone eats of this bread, </span>i.e.,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1291 spiritually, <span style="font-weight: bold">he will live, </span>not only in the present through faith and justice, but <span style="font-weight: bold">forever. </span>“Everyone
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1292 who lives and believes in me, will never die” (below 11:26).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1293 <p>959 He then speaks of his body when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">And the bread which I will give is my flesh.</span> For
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1294 he had said that he was the living bread; and so that we do not think that he is such so far as he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1295 is the Word or in his soul alone, he shows that even his flesh is life-giving, for it is an instrument
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1296 of his divinity. Thus, since an instrument acts by virtue of the agent, then just as the divinity of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1297 Christ is lifegiving, so too his flesh gives life (as Damascene says) because of the Word to which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1298 it is united. Thus Christ healed the sick by his touch. So what he said above, <span style="font-weight: bold">I am the living
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1299 bread, </span>pertained to the power of the Word; but what he is saying here pertains to the sharing in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1300 his body, that is, to the sacrament of the Eucharist.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1301 <p>960 We can consider four things about this sacrament: its species, the authority of the one who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1302 instituted it, the truth of this sacrament, and its usefulness.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1303 <p>As to the species of this sacrament: <span style="font-weight: bold">This is the bread; </span>“Come, and eat my bread” (Prv 9:5). The
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1304 reason for this is that this is the sacrament of the body of Christ; but the body of Christ is the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1305 Church, which arises out of many believers forming a bodily unity: “We are one body” (Rom
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1306 12:5). And so because bread is formed from many grains, it is a fitting species for this sacrament.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1307 Hence he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">And the bread which I will give is my flesh.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1308 <p>961 The author of this sacrament is Christ: for although the priest confers it, it is Christ himself
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1309 who gives the power to this sacrament, because the priest consecrates in the person of Christ.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1310 Thus in the other sacraments the priest uses his own words or those of the Church, but in this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1311 sacrament he uses the words of Christ: because just as Christ gave his body to death by his own
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1312 will, so it is by his own power that he gives himself as food: “Jesus took bread, he blessed it and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1313 broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying: ‘Take and eat it, this is my body’ “ (Mt 26:26). Thus
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1314 he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">which I will </span>give; and he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">will give, </span>because this sacrament had not yet been
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1315 instituted.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1316 <p>962 The truth of this sacrament is indicated when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">is my flesh</span>. He does not say, “This
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1317 signifies my flesh,” but it <span style="font-weight: bold">is my flesh, </span>for in reality that which is taken is truly the body of Christ:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1318 “Who will give us his flesh so that we may be satisfied?” as we read in Job (31:3 1).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1319 <p>Since the whole Christ is contained in this sacrament, why did he just say, this <span style="font-weight: bold">is my flesh</span>? To
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1320 answer this, we should note that in this mystical sacrament the whole Christ is really contained:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1321 but his body is there by virtue of the conversion; while his soul and divinity are present by natural
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1322 concomitance. For if we were to suppose whal is really inipossible, that is, that the divinity of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1323 Christ is separated from his body, then his divinity would not be present in this sacrament.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1324 Similarly, if someone had consecrated during the three days Christ was dead, his soul would not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1325 have been present there [in the sacrament], but his body would have been, as it was on the cross
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1326 or in the tomb. Since this sacrament is the commemoration of our Lord’s passion—according to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1327 “As often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the death of the Lord” (1 Cor
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1328 11:26)—and the passion of Christ depended on his weakness—according to “He was crucified
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1329 through weakness” (2 Cor 13:4)—he rather says, <span style="font-weight: bold">is my flesh, </span>to suggest the weakness through
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1330 which he died, for “flesh” signifies weakness.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1331 <p>963 The usefulness of this sacrament is great and universal. It is great, indeed, because it
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1332 produces spiritual life within us now, and will later produce eternal life, as was said. For as is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1333 clear from what was said, since this is the sacrament of our Lord’s passion, it contains in itself
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1334 the Christ who suffered. Thus, whatever is an effect of our Lord’s passion is also an effect of this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1335 sacrament. For this sacrament is nothing other than the application of our Lord’s passion to us.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1336 For it was not fitting for Christ to be always with us in his own presence; and so he wanted to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1337 make up for this absence through this sacrament. Hence it is clear that the destruction of death,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1338 which Christ accomplished by his death, and the restoration of life, which he accomplished by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1339 his resurrection, are effects of this sacrament.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1340 <p>964 The usefulness of this sacrament is universal because the life it gives is not only the life of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1341 one person, but, so far as concerns itself, the life of the entire world: and for this the death of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1342 Christ is fully sufficient. “He is the offering for our sins; and not for ours only, but also for those
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1343 of the entire world” (1 Jn 2:2).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1344 <p>We should note that this sacrament is different from the others: for the other sacraments have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1345 individual effects: as in baptism, only the one baptized receives grace. But in the immolation of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1346 this sacrament, the effect is universal: because it affects not just the priest, but also those for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1347 whom he prays, as well as the entire Church, of the living and of the dead. The reason for this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1348 is that it contains the universal cause of all the sacraments, Christ. Nevertheless, when a lay
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1349 person receives this sacrament it does not benefit others <i>ex opere operato </i>[by its own power]
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1350 considered as a receiving. However, due to the intention of the person who is acting and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1351 receiving, it can be communicated to all those to whom he directs his intention. It is clear from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1352 this that lay persons are mistaken when they receive the Eucharist for those in purgatory.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1353 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1354 <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE 7</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1355 <BLOCKQUOTE><p>53 The Jews therefore disputed among themselves, saying: “How can this man give us his flesh
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1356 to eat?” 54 Jesus then said to them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1357 <DD>“Amen, amen, I say to you,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1358 <DD>unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and drink his blood,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1359 <DD>you will not have life in you.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1360 <DD>55 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1361 <DD>and I will raise him up on the last day.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1362 <DD>56 For my flesh truly is food,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1363 <DD>and my blood truly is drink.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1364 <DD>57 He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1365 <DD>abides in me, and I in him.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1366 <DD>58 Just as the living Father has sent me, and I live because of the Father,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1367 <DD>so whoever eats me,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1368 <DD>he also will live because of me.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1369 <DD>59 This is the bread that has come down from heaven.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1370 <DD>Unlike your fathers who ate manna and are dead,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1371 <DD>whoever eats this bread shall live forever.”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1372 <BR>60 These things he said teaching in the synagogue at Capernaum.</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1373 <p>965 Above, our Lord checked the grumbling of the Jews over the origin of this spiritual food;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1374 here, he stops their dispute over the ealing of this same food. First, we see their dispute;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1375 secondly, our Lord stops it (v 54); thirdly, the Evangelist mentions the place where all this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1376 happened (v 60).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1377 <p>906 As to the first, note that the Evangelist brings in the dispute among the Jews in the form of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1378 a conclusion, <span style="font-weight: bold">saying, The Jews therefore disputed among themselves. </span>And this is fitting: for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1379 according to Augustine, our Lord had just spoken to them about the food of unity, which makes
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1380 into one those who are nourished on it, according to, “Let those who are just feast and rejoice
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1381 before God,” and then it continues, according to one reading, “God makes those who agree to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1382 live in one house” (Ps 67:4). And so, because the Jews had not eaten the food of harmony, they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1383 argued with each other:<span style="font-weight: bold"> </span>“When you fast, you argue and fight” (Is 58:4). Further, their quarreling
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1384 with others shows that they were carnal: “For while you are envious and quarreling, are you not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1385 carnal?” (1 Cor 3:3). Therefore, they understood these words of our Lord in a carnal way, i.e.,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1386 as meaning that our Lord’s flesh would be eaten as material food. Thus they say, <span style="font-weight: bold">How can this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1387 man give us his flesh to eat? </span>As if to say: This is impossible. Here they were speaking against
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1388 God just as their fathers did: “We are sick of this useless food” (Nm 21:5).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1389 <p>967 Our Lord stops this argument. First, he states the power that comes from taking this food;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1390 secondly, he amplifies on it (v 55). As to the first he does three things. First, he states why it is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1391 necessary to eat this flesh; secondly, its usefulness; and thirdly, he adds something about its truth
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1392 (v 56).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1393 <p>968 Jesus said: <span style="font-weight: bold">Amen, amen, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1394 drink his blood, you will not have life in you. </span>As if to say: You think it is impossible and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1395 unbecoming to eat my flesh. But it is not only possible, but very necessary, so much so that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1396 <span style="font-weight: bold">unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have, </span>i.e., you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1397 will not be able to have, <span style="font-weight: bold">life in you, </span>that is, spiritual life. For just as material food is so necessary
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1398 for bodily life that without it you cannot exist—“They exchanged their precious belongings for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1399 food” (Lam 1:11); “Bread strengthens the heart of man” (Ps 103:15)—so spiritual food is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1400 necessary for the spiritual life to such an extent that without it the spiritual life cannot be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1401 sustained: “Man does not live by bread alone, but by every word which comes from the mouth
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1402 of God” (Dt 8:3).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1403 <p>969 We should note that this statement can refer either to eating in a spiritual way or in a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1404 sacramental way. If we understand it as referring to a spiritual eating, it does not cause any
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1405 difficulty. For that person eats the flesh of Christ and drinks his blood in a spiritual way who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1406 shares in the unity of the Church; and this is accomplished by the love of charity: “You are one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1407 body, in Christ” (Rom 12:5). Thus, one who does not eat in this way is outside the Church, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1408 consequently, without the love of charity. Accordingly, such a one does not have life in himself:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1409 “He who does not love, remains in death” (1 Jn 3:14).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1410 <p>But if we refer this statement to eating in a sacramental way, a difficulty appears. For we read
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1411 above: “Unless one is born again of water and the Holy Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1412 God” (3:5). Now this statement was given in the same form as the present one: <span style="font-weight: bold">Unless you eat
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1413 the flesh of the Son of Man. </span>Therefore, since baptism is a necessary sacrament, it seems that the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1414 Eucharist is also. In fact, the Greeks think it is; and so they give the Eucharist to newly baptized
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1415 infants. For this opinion they have in their favor the rite of Denis, who says that the reception of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1416 each sacrament should culminate in the sharing of the Eucharist, which is the culmination of all
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1417 the sacraments. This is true in the case of adults, but it is not so for infants, because receiving the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1418 Eucharist should be done with reverence and devotion, and those who do not have the use of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1419 reason, as infants and the insane, cannot have this. Consequently, it should not be given to them
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1420 at all.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1421 <p>We should say, therefore, that the sacrament of baptism is necessary for everyone, and it must
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1422 be really received, because without it no one is born again into life. And so it is necessary that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1423 it be received in reality, or by desire in the case of those who are prevented from the former. For
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1424 if the contempt within a person excludes a baptism by water, then neither a baptism of desire nor
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1425 of blood will benefit him for eternal life. However, the sacrament of the Eucharist is necessary
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1426 for adults only, so that it may be received in reality, or by desire, according to the practices of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1427 Church.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1428 <p>970 But even this causes difficulty: because by these words of Our Lord, it is necessary for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1429 salvation not only to eat his body, but also to drink his blood, especially since a repast of food
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1430 is not complete without drink. Therefore, since it is the custom in certain Churches for only the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1431 priest to receive Christ’s blood, while the rest receive only his body, they would seem to be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1432 acting against this.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1433 <p>I answer that it was the custom of the early Church for all to receive both the body and blood of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1434 Christ; and certain Churches have still retained this practice, where even those assisting at the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1435 altar always receive the body and blood. But in some Churches, due to the danger of spilling the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1436 blood, the custom is for it to be received only by the priest, while the rest receive Christ’s body.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1437 Even so, this is not acting against our Lord’s command, because whoever receives Christ’s body
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1438 receives his blood also, since the entire Christ is present under each species, even his body and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1439 blood. But under the species of bread, Christ’s body is present in virtue of the conversion, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1440 his blood is present by natural concomitance; while under the species of wine, his blood is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1441 present in virtue of the conversion, and his body by natural concomitance.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1442 <p>It is now clear why it is necessary to receive this spiritual food.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1443 <p>971 Next, the usefulness of this food is shown: first, for the spirit or sou; secondly, for the body,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1444 <span style="font-weight: bold">and I will raise him up on the last day.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1445 <p>972 There is great usefulness in eating this sacrament, for it gives eternal life; thus he says,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1446 <span style="font-weight: bold">Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life. </span>For this spiritual food is similar
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1447 to material food in the fact that without it there can be no spiritual life, just as there cannot be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1448 bodily life without bodily food, as was said above. But this food has more than the other, because
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1449 it produces in the one who receives it an unending life, which material food does not do: for not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1450 all who eat material food continue to live. For, as Augustine says, it can happen that many who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1451 do take it die because of old age or sickness, or some other reason. But one who takes this food
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1452 and drink of the body and blood of our Lord <span style="font-weight: bold">has eternal life. </span>For this reason it is compared to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1453 the tree of life: “She is the tree of life for those who take her” (Prv 3:18); and so it is called the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1454 bread of life: “He fed him with the bread of life and understanding” (Sir 15:3). Accordingly, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1455 says, <span style="font-weight: bold">eternal life, </span>because one who eats this bread has within himself Christ, who is “the true
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1456 God and eternal life,” as John says (1 Jn 5:20).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1457 <p>Now one has eternal life who eats and drinks, as it is said, not only in a sacramental way, but also
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1458 in a spiritual way. One eats and drinks sacramentally or in a sacramental way, if he receives the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1459 sacrament; and one eats and drinks spiritually or in a spiritual way, if he attains to the reality of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1460 the sacrament. This reality of the sacrament is twofold: one is contained and signified, and this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1461 is the whole Christ, who is contained under the species of bread and wine. The other reality is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1462 signified but not contained, and this is the mystical body of Christ, which is in the predestined,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1463 the called, and the justified. Thus, in reference to Christ as contained and signified, one eats his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1464 flesh and drinks his blood in a spiritual way if he is united to him through faith and love, so that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1465 one is transformed into him and becomes his member: for this food is not changed into the one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1466 who eats it, but it turns the one who takes it into itself, as we see in Augustine, when he says: “I
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1467 am the food of the robust. Grow and you will eat me. Yet you will not change me into yourself,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1468 but you will be transformed into me.” And so this is a food capable of making man divine and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1469 inebriating him with divinity. The same is true in reference to the mystical body of Christ, which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1470 is only signified [and not contained], if one shares in the unity of the Church. Therefore, one who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1471 eats in these ways <span style="font-weight: bold">has eternal life. </span>That this is true of the first way, in reference to Christ, is clear
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1472 enough. In the same way, in reference to the mystical body of Christ, one will necessarily have
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1473 eternal life if he perseveres: for the unity of the Church is brought about by the Holy Spirit: “One
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1474 body, one Spirit ... the pledge of our eternal inheritance” (Eph 4:4; 1:14). So this bread is very
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1475 profitable, because it gives eternal life to the soul; but it is so also because it gives eternal life to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1476 the body.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1477 <p>973 And therefore he adds, <span style="font-weight: bold">and I will raise him up on the last day. </span>For as was said, one who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1478 eats and drinks in a spiritual way shares in the Holy Spirit, through whom we are united to Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1479 by a union of faith and love, and through him we become members of the Church. But the Holy
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1480 Spirit also merits the resurrection: “He who raised Jesus Christ our Lord form the dead, will raise
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1481 our mortal bodies because of his Spirit, who dwells in us” (Rom 8:11). And so our Lord says that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1482 he will raise up to glory whoever eats and drinks; to glory, and not to condemnation, as this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1483 would not be for their benefit. Such an effect is fittingly attributed to this sacrament of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1484 Eucharist because, as Augustine says and as was said above, it is the Word who raises up souls,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1485 and it is the Word made flesh who gives life to bodies. Now in this sacrament the Word is present
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1486 not only in his divinity, but also in the reality of his flesh; and so he is the cause of the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1487 resurrection not just of souls, but of bodies as well: “For as death came through a man, so the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1488 resurrection of the dead has come through a man” (1 Cor 15:21). It is now clear how profitable
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1489 it is to take this sacrament.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1490 <p>974 We see its truth when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">For my flesh truly is food. </span>I some might think that what he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1491 was saying about his flesh and blood was just an enigma and a parable. So our Lord rejects this,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1492 and says, <span style="font-weight: bold">my flesh truly is food. </span>As if to say: Do not think that I am speaking metaphorically,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1493 for my flesh is truly contained in this food of the faithful, and my blood is truly contained in this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1494 sacrament of the altar: “This is my body ... this is my blood of the new covenant,” as we read in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1495 Matthew (26:26).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1496 <p>Chrysostom explains this statement in the following way. Food and drink are taken for man’s
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1497 refreshment. Now there are two parts in man: the chief part is the soul, and the second is the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1498 body. It is the soul which makes man to be man, and not the body; and so that truly is the food
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1499 of man which is the food of the soul. And this is what our Lord says: <span style="font-weight: bold">my flesh truly is food,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1500 </span>because it is the food of the soul, not just of the body. The same is true of the blood of Christ.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1501 “He has led me to the waters that refresh” (Ps 22:2). As if to say: This refreshment is especially
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1502 for the soul.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1503 <p>Augustine explains these words this way. A thing is truly said to be such and such a thing if it
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1504 produces the effect of that thing. Now the effect of food is to fill or satisfy. Therefore, that which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1505 truly produces fulness is truly food and drink. But this is produced by the flesh and blood of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1506 Christ, who leads us to the state of glory, where there is neither hunger nor thirst: “They will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1507 neither hunger nor thirst” (Rv 7:16). And so he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">For my flesh truly is food, and my blood
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1508 truly is drink.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1509 <p>975 Now our Lord proves that this spiritual food has such power, that is, to give eternal life. And
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1510 he reasons this way: Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood is united to me, but whoever
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1511 is united to me has eternal life: therefore, whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1512 life. Here he does three things: first, he gives his major premise; secondly, the minor premise,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1513 which he proves (v 58); and thirdly, he draws his conclusion: <span style="font-weight: bold">This is the bread that has come
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1514 down from heaven.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1515 <p>976 We should note, with respect to the first, that if his statement, <span style="font-weight: bold">He who eats my flesh and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1516 drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him, </span>is referred to his flesh and blood in a mystical
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1517 way, there is no difficulty. For, as was said, that person eats in a spiritual way, in reference to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1518 what is signified only, who is incorporated into the mystical body through a union of faith and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1519 love. Through love, God is in man, and man is in God: “He who abides in love, abides in God,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1520 and God in him” (1 Jn 4:16). And this is what the Holy Spirit does; so it is also said, “We know
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1521 that we abide in God and God in us, because he has given us his Spirit” (1 Jn 4:13).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1522 <p>If these words are referred to a sacramental reception, then whoever eats this flesh and drinks this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1523 blood abides in God. For, as Augustine says, there is one way of eating this flesh and drinking
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1524 this blood such that he who eats and drinks abides in Christ and Christ in him. This is the way
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1525 of those who eat the body of Christ and drink his blood not just sacramentally, but really. And
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1526 there is another way by which those who eat do not abide in Christ nor Christ in them. This is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1527 the way of those who approach [the sacrament] with an insincere heart: for this sacrament has
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1528 no effect in one who is insincere. There is insincerity when the interior state does not agree with
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1529 what is outwardly signified. In the sacrament of the Eucharist, what is outwardly signified is that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1530 Christ is united to the one who receives it, and such a one to Christ. Thus, one who does not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1531 desire this union in his heart, or does not try to remove every obstacle to it, is insincere.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1532 Consequently, Christ does not abide in him nor he in Christ.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1533 <p>977 Now he presents his minor premise, that is, whoever is united to Christ has life. He mentions
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1534 this to show the following similarity: the Son, because of the unity he has with the Father,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1535 receives life from the Father; therefore one who is united to Christ receives life from Christ. And
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1536 this is what he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">Just as the living Father has sent me, and I live because of the Father.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1537 </span>These words can be explained in two ways about Christ: either in reference to his human nature,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1538 or in reference to his divine nature.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1539 <p>If they are explained as referring to Christ the Son of God, then the “as” implies a similarity of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1540 Christ to creatures in some respect, though not in all respects, which is, that he exists from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1541 another. For to be from another is common to Christ the Son of God and to creatures. But they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1542 are unlike in another way: the Son has something proper to himself, because he is from the Father
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1543 in such a way that he receives the entire fulness of the divine nature, so that whatever is natural
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1544 to the Father is also natural to the Son. Creatures, on the other hand, receive a certain particular
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1545 perfection and nature. “Just as the Father possesses life in himself, so he has given it to the Son
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1546 to have life in himself” (above 5:26). He shows this because, when speaking of his procession
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1547 from the Father, he does not say: “As I eat the Father and I live because of the Father, “ as he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1548 said, when speaking of sharing in his body and blood, whoever eats me, he also will live because
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1549 of me. This eating makes us better, for eating implies a certain sharing. Rather, Christ says that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1550 he lives because of the Father, not as eaten, but as generating, without detriment to his equality.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1551 <p>If we explain this statement as applying to Christ as man, then in some respect the “as” implies
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1552 a similarity between Christ as man and us: that is, in the fact that as Christ the man receives
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1553 spiritual life through union with God, so we too receive spiritual life in the communion or
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1554 sharing in this Sacrament. Still, there is a difference: for Christ as man received life through
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1555 union with the Word, to whom he is united in person; while we are united to Christ t through the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1556 sacrament of faith. And so he says two things: <span style="font-weight: bold">sent me</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold">Father</span>. If we refer these words to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1557 the Son of God, then he is saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">I live because of the Father, </span>because the Father himself is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1558 living. But if they are referred to the Son of Man, then he is saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">I live because of the Father,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1559 </span>because the Father has sent me, i.e., made me incarnate. For the sending of the Son is his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1560 incarnation: “God sent his Son, made from a woman” (Gal 4:4).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1561 <p>978 According to Hilary, this is a rejection of the error made by Arius. For if we live because of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1562 Christ, because we have something of his nature (as he says, “Whoever eats my flesh and drinks
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1563 my blood has eternal life”), then Christ too lives because of the Father, because he has in himself
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1564 the nature of the Father (not a part of it, for it is simple and indivisible). Therefore, Christ has the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1565 entire nature of the Father. It is because of the Father, therefore, that the Son lives, because the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1566 Son’s birth did not involve another and different nature [from that of the Father].</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1567 <p>979 Next (v 59), he presents his two conclusions. For they were arguing about two things: the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1568 origin of this spiritual food and its power. The first conclusion is about its origin; the second is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1569 about its power: <span style="font-weight: bold">whoever eats this bread shall live forever.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1570 <p>980 With respect to the first, we should note that the Jews had been troubled because he had said,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1571 “I am the living bread that has come down from heaven” (v 51 ). Therefore, in opposition to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1572 them, he arrives at this same conclusion again, from his statement, “I live because of the Father,”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1573 when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">This is the bread that has come down from heaven. </span>For to come down from
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1574 heaven is to have an origin from heaven; but the Son has his origin from heaven, since he lives
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1575 because of the Father: therefore, Christ is the one who has come down from heaven. And so he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1576 says, <span style="font-weight: bold">This is the bread that has come down from heaven, </span>i.e., from the life of the Father.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1577 <span style="font-weight: bold">Come down</span>, in relation to his divinity; or <span style="font-weight: bold">come down</span>, even in his body, so far as the power that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1578 formed it, the Holy Spirit, was from heaven, a heavenly power. Thus, those who eat this bread
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1579 do not die; as our fathers died, who ate the manna that was neither from heaven, nor was living
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1580 bread, as was said above. How those who ate the manna died is clear from what has been
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1581 mentioned before.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1582 <p>981 The second conclusion, concerning the power of this bread, is given when he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">whoever
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1583 eats this bread shall live forever. </span>This follows from his statement, “He who eats my flesh and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1584 drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him” (v 57). For whoever eats this bread abides in me, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1585 I in him. But I am eternal life. Therefore, <span style="font-weight: bold">whoever eats this bread, </span>as he ought, <span style="font-weight: bold">shall live
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1586 forever.</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1587 <p>982 Jesus said this in the synagogue, in which he was teaching at Capernaum. He used to teach
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1588 in the temple and in the synagogues in order to attract many, so that at least some might benefit:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1589 “I have proclaimed your justice in the great assembly” (Ps 39:10).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1590 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1591 <p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.125in"><span style="font-weight: bold">LECTURE 8</span></p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1592 <BLOCKQUOTE><p>61 On hearing this, many of his disciples said: “This is a hard saying! Who can accept it?” 62 But
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1593 Jesus, knowing fully that his disciples were grumbling about this, said to them:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1594 <DD>“Does this scandalize you?
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1595 <DD>63 What if you should see the Son of Man
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1596 <DD>ascending to where he was before?
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1597 <DD>64 It is the spirit that gives life;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1598 <DD>flesh profits nothing.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1599 <DD>The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1600 <DD>65 But there are some of you who do not believe.”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1601 <BR>For Jesus knew from the beginning those who would believe in him and who it was that would
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1602 betray him. 66 And he said:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1603 <DD>“This is why I said to you,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1604 <DD>that no one call come to me,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1605 <DD>unless it be given him by my Father.”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1606 <BR>67 From this time on, many of his disciples turned back, and no longer walked with him. 68
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1607 Jesus then said to the Twelve:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1608 <DD>“Do you too wish to leave?”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1609 <BR>69 Simon Peter replied: “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. 70 We
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1610 have come to believe and to know that you are the Christ, the Son of God.” 71 Jesus answered
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1611 him:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1612 <DD>“Did I not choose you Twelve?
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1613 <DD>And one of you is a devil.”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1614 <BR>72 Now he was talking about Judas, son of Simon Iscariot, who would betray him, since he was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1615 one of the Twelve.</p></BLOCKQUOTE>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1616 <p>983 After our Lord put an end to the complaining and arguing among the Jews, he now removes
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1617 the scandal given to his disciples. First, we see the scandal of those disciples who left him;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1618 secondly, the devotion of those who remained with him (v 68). Concerning the first, he does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1619 three things: first, we see the scandal given to his disciples; secondly, the kindly way Christ takes
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1620 it away (v 62); and thirdly, the stubbornness and unbelief of those who leave him (v 67).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1621 <p>984 We should note, with respect to the first, that there were many Jews who adhered to Christ,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1622 believed him and followed him. And although they had not left all things as the Twelve did, they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1623 were still all called his disciples. It is of these that he says, many, that is, many of the people who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1624 believed him, <span style="font-weight: bold">on hearing this, </span>what he had said above, said, <span style="font-weight: bold">This is a hard saying! </span>We read of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1625 these: “They believe for a while, and in the time of testing fall away” (Lk 8:13). He says, <span style="font-weight: bold">many</span>,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1626 because “The number of fools is infinite” (Ecc 1:15); and, “Many are called but few are chosen”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1627 (Mt 20:16).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1628 <p>They said: <span style="font-weight: bold">This is a hard saying! </span>Now that is said to be hard which is difficult to divide, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1629 which offers resistance. Accordingly, a saying is hard either because it resists the intellect or
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1630 because it resists the will, that is, when we cannot understand it with our mind, or when it does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1631 not please our will. And this saying was hard for them in both ways. It was hard for their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1632 intellects because it exceeded the weakness of their intellects: for since they were earthly minded,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1633 they were incapable of understanding what he said, namely, that he would give them his flesh to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1634 eat. And it was hard for their wills, because he said many things about the power of his divinity:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1635 and although they believed him as a prophet, they did not believe that he was God. Consequently,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1636 it seemed to them that he was making himself greater than he was. “His letters are strong” (2 Cor
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1637 10:10), “Wisdom is exceedingly unpleasant to the unlearned” (Sir (, 21 ). And so it reads on.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1638 <span style="font-weight: bold">Who can accept it? </span>They said this as an excuse: for since they had given themselves to him, they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1639 should have accepted what he said. But because he was not teaching them things that were
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1640 pleasing to them, they were waiting for an occasion to leave him: “A fool does not accept words
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1641 of wisdom unless You tell him what he desires” (Prv 18:2).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1642 <p>985 Next (v 62), we see the kindly way Christ dispelled their difficulty. First, he takes notice of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1643 it; secondly, he removes its cause (v 63); and thirdly, he mentions what the cause was (v 65).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1644 <p>986 He had noticed that they were scandalized because they had said, although privately, so he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1645 could not hear, <span style="font-weight: bold">This is a hard saying! </span>But Christ, who in virtue of his divinity knew that they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1646 had said this, mentions it. And this is what he says: <span style="font-weight: bold">But Jesus, knowing in himself, </span>what they
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1647 said within themselves, that is, <span style="font-weight: bold">that his disciples were grumbling about this</span>—“He did not need
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1648 anyone to give him testimony about men. He was well aware of what was in man’s heart” (above
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1649 2:25); “God searches into the hearts and loins of men” (Ps 7:10)—said to them, <span style="font-weight: bold">Does this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1650 scandalize you? </span>As if to say: You should not be scandalized at this. Or, it can be understood less
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1651 strongly, as meaning: I know that you are scandalized at this. “He will be our sanctification,” i.e.,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1652 those who believe in Christ, but “a stumbling-stone to the two houses of Israel,” to the grumbling
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1653 disciples and the crowds (Is 8:4).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1654 <p>987 But since teachers should avoid creating difficulties for those who are listening to them, why
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1655 did our Lord mention those things that would upset the people and have them leave? I answer
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1656 that Christ had to mention such things because his teaching required it. For they had pleaded with
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1657 him for material food, when he had come to strengthen their desire for spiritual food; and so he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1658 had to make known to them his teaching on spiritual food.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1659 <p>Nevertheless, their difficulty was not caused by any defect in what Christ was teaching, but by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1660 their own unbelief. For if they had not understood what our Lord was saying, because of their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1661 own earthly mindedness, they could have questioned him, as the apostles had done in similar
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1662 circumstances. According to Augustine, however, our Lord purposely permitted this situation,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1663 to give teachers a reason for consolation and patience with those who belittle what they say, since
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1664 even the disciples presumed to disparage what Christ said.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1665 <p>988 Then (v 63), he takes away the occasion of their scandal so far as concerns the person
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1666 speaking and what he said, as Chrysostom says. First, he deals with the person who was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1667 speaking; secondly, with what he said (v 64).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1668 <p>989 The occasion for their scandal was when they heard our Lord say divine things about
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1669 himself. And so, because they believed that he was the son of Joseph, they were upset at what
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1670 he said<span style="font-weight: bold"> </span>about<span style="font-weight: bold"> </span>himself. God takes away this reason by showing them his divinity more openly, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1671 says: You are upset over the things I have said about myself; <span style="font-weight: bold">What if you should see the Son
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1672 of Man ascending to where he was before? </span>What would you say then? As if to say: You can
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1673 never deny that I came down from heaven, or that I am the one who gives and teaches eternal life.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1674 He did the same thing before with Nathanael. When Nathanael said to him, “You are the King
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1675 of Israel” our Lord, wanting to lead him to more perfect knowledge, answered him: “You will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1676 see greater things than this” (above 1:5 0). And here too, our Lord reveals to them something
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1677 greater about himself which would happen in the future, saying, <span style="font-weight: bold">What if you should see the Son
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1678 of Man ascending to where he was before? </span>Indeed, he did ascend into heaven in the sight of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1679 his disciples (Acts 1:9). If, therefore, he does ascend to where he was before, then he was in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1680 heaven before: “No one has gone up to heaven except the one who came down from heaven”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1681 (above 3:13).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1682 <p>990 Let us note that Christ is one person: the person of the Son of God and the person of the Son
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1683 of Man being the same person. Still, because of his different natures, something belongs to Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1684 by reason of his human nature, that is, to ascend, which does not belong to him by reason of his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1685 divine nature, according to which he does not ascend, since he is eternally at the highest summit
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1686 of things, that is, in the Father. It is according to his human nature that it belongs to him to ascend
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1687 to <span style="font-weight: bold">where he was before, </span>that is, to heaven, where he had not been in his human nature. (This is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1688 in opposition to the teaching of Valentinus, who claimed that Christ had assumed a heavenly
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1689 body). Thus, Christ ascended in the sight of his apostles to where he was before according to his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1690 divinity; and he ascended, by his own power, according to his humanity: “I came forth from the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1691 Father, and I have come into the world. Now I am leaving the world and am going to the Father”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1692 (below 16:28).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1693 <p>991 Augustine understands this passage differently. He said that the disciples were scandalized
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1694 when our Lord said that he would give him them his flesh to eat because they understood this in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1695 a material minded way, as if they were literally to eat this flesh, just like the flesh of an animal.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1696 Our Lord rejected this interpretation and said. <span style="font-weight: bold">What if you should see the Son of Man
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1697 ascending, </span>with his entire body, <span style="font-weight: bold">to where he was before? </span>Would you say that I intended to give
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1698 you my flesh to eat like you do the flesh of an animal?</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1699 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1700 <p>992 Then (v 64), he settles the offense they took at what he said. And, as Chrysostom says, he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1701 distinguished two ways in which his words could be understood. And secondly, he showed which
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1702 way was appropriate here (v 64b).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1703 <p>With respect to the first, we should note that Christ’s words can be understood in two senses: in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1704 a spiritual way, and in a material way. Thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">It is the spirit that gives life, </span>that is, if you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1705 understand these words according to the spirit, i.e., according to their spiritual meaning, they will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1706 give life. <span style="font-weight: bold">Flesh profits nothing, </span>that is, if you understand them in a material way, they will be
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1707 of no benefit to you, they will, rather, be harmful, for “If you live according to the flesh you will
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1708 die” (Rom 8:13).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1709 <p>What our Lord said about eating his flesh is interpreted in a material way when it is understood
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1710 in its superficial meaning, and as pertaining to the nature of flesh. And it was in this way that the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1711 Jews understood them. But our Lord said that he would give himself to them as spiritual food,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1712 not as though the true flesh of Christ is not present in this sacrament of the altar, but because it
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1713 is eaten in a certain spiritual and divine way. Thus, the correct meaning of these words is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1714 spiritual, not material. So he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">The words that I have spoken to you</span>, about eating my flesh,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1715 <span style="font-weight: bold">are spirit and life</span>, that is, they have a spiritual meaning, and understood in this way they give
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1716 life. And it is not surprising that they have a spiritual meaning, because they are from the Holy
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1717 Spirit: “It is the Spirit who tells mysteries” (1 Cor 14:2). And therefore, the mysteries of Christ
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1718 give life: “I will never forget your justifications, because through them you have brought me to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1719 life” (Ps 118:93).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1720 <p>993 Augustine explains this passage in a different way, for he understands the statement, flesh
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1721 profits nothing, as referring to the flesh of Christ. It is obvious that the flesh of Christ, as united
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1722 to the Word and to the Spirit, does profit very much and in every way; otherwise, the Word
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1723 would have been made flesh in vain, and the Father would have made him known in the flesh in
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1724 vain, as we see from 1 Timothy (c 4). And so we should say that it is the flesh of Christ,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1725 considered in itself, that profits nothing and does not have any more beneficial effect than other
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1726 flesh. For if his flesh is considered as separated from the divinity and the Holy Spirit, it does not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1727 have different power than other flesh. But if it is united to the Spirit and the divinity, it profits
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1728 many, because it makes those who receive it abide in Christ, for man abides in God through the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1729 Spirit of love: “We know that we abide in God and God in us, because he has given us his Spirit”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1730 (1 Jn 4:13). And this is what our Lord says: the effect I promise you, that is, eternal life, should
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1731 not be attributed to my flesh as such, because understood in this way, <span style="font-weight: bold">flesh profits nothing. </span>But
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1732 my flesh does offer eternal life as united to the Spirit and to the divinity. “If we live by the Spirit,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1733 let us also walk by the Spirit” “Gal 5:25). And so he adds, <span style="font-weight: bold">The words that I have spoken to you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1734 are spirit and life, </span>i.e., they must be understood of the Spirit united to my flesh; and so
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1735 understood they are life, that is, the life of the soul. For as the body lives its bodily life through
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1736 a bodily spirit, so the soul lives a spiritual life through the Holy Spirit: “Send forth your Spirit,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1737 and they will be created” (Ps 103:30).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1738 <p>994 Then (v 65), he indicates the reason why they were upset, that is, their unbelief. As if to say:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1739 the cause of your difficulty is not the hardness of what I have just said, but your own unbelief.
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1740 And so first, he mentions their unbelief; secondly, he excludes an incorrect interpretation; and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1741 thirdly, he gives the reason for their unbelief.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1742 <p>995 Our Lord indicated their unbelief when he said, <span style="font-weight: bold">But there are some of you who do not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1743 believe</span>. He did not say, “who do not understand.” He did more than this, for he gave the reason
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1744 why they did not understand: they did not understand because they did not believe. “If you do not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1745 believe, you will not understand,” as we read in another version of Isaiah (7:9). He said, <span style="font-weight: bold">some</span>,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1746 in order to exclude his disciples: “All do not have faith” (2 Thes 3:2); “All do not obey the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1747 Gospel” (Rom 10:16); “They did not believe what he said” (Ps 105:24).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1748 <p>996 The Evangelist then rejects an incorrect interpretation when he adds, For Jesus knew. As if
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1749 to say: Jesus did not say, there are some of you who do not believe, because he just recently
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1750 learned it, but because <span style="font-weight: bold">Jesus knew from the beginning</span>, i.e., of the world, <span style="font-weight: bold">those who would
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1751 believe in him, and who it was that would betray him. </span>“All things are naked and open to his
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1752 eyes” (Heb 4:13); “All things were known to the Lord God before they were created,” as we read
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1753 in Sirach (23:29).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1754 <p>997 Our Lord next mentioned the cause of their unbelief, which was the withdrawal of attracting
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1755 grace. Thus he said: This is why I said to you. As if to say: Thus it was necessary to tell you what
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1756 I told you before: <span style="font-weight: bold">that no one can come to me, </span>i.e., through faith, <span style="font-weight: bold">unless it be given him by my
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1757 Father. </span>It follows from this, according to Augustine, that the act of believing itself is given to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1758 us by God. Why it is not given to everyone we discussed above, where our Lord used almost the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1759 same words (6:44). They are repeated here for two reasons. First, to show that Christ received
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1760 them in the faith more for their advantage and benefit than for his own: “It has been granted to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1761 you to believe in him” (Phil 1:29). As if to say: It is good for you to believe. Thus Augustine
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1762 says: “It is a great thing to believe: rejoice, because you have believed.” Secondly, to show that
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1763 Christ was not the son of Joseph, as they thought, but of God, for it is God the Father who draws
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1764 men to the Son, as is clear from what has been said.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1765 <p>998 Then (v 67), we see the stubbornness of the disciples: for although our Lord had rebuked
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1766 them and had taken away the cause of their difficulty so far as it concerned himself, they still
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1767 would not believe. Thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">From this time on, many of his disciples turned back. </span>He did
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1768 not say, “they left,” but that they <span style="font-weight: bold">turned back, </span>i.e., from the faith, which they had in a virtuous
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1769 way; and cut off from the body of Christ, they lost life, because perhaps they were not in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1770 body, as Augustine says. There are some who turn back in an absolute way, that is, those who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1771 follow the devil, to whom our Lord said, “Go back, Satan” (Mt 4:10). We also read of certain
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1772 women that “Some turned back after Satan” (1 Tim 5:15). But Peter did not turn back in this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1773 way; he rather turned after Christ: “Follow after me, Satan” (Mt 16:23). But the others followed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1774 after Satan.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1775 <p>Then follows: they <span style="font-weight: bold">no longer walked with him, </span>that is, even though we are required to walk
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1776 with Jesus: “I will show you man what is good,” and then it continues on, “to walk attentively
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1777 with your God” (Mi 6:8).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1778 <p>999 Then (v 68), our Lord examined those disciples who remained with him. First, we see this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1779 in the question he asked them; secondly, Peter’s answer shows the devotion of those who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1780 remained; and thirdly, our Lord corrects Peter’s answer (v 71).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1781 <p>1000 Our Lord examined the Twelve who remained as to their willingness to stay on; and so he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1782 said to the Twelve, that is, to the Apostles, Do you too wish to leave? He asked them this for two
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1783 reasons. First, so that they would not take pride, thinking it was due to their own goodness, in the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1784 fact that they stayed on while the others left, and think that they were doing Christ a favor. And
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1785 so he showed that he did not need them by holding them off, but still giving them strength: “If
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1786 you live rightly, what do you give him, or what does he receive from your hand?” (Jb 35:7).
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1787 Secondly, it sometimes happens that a person would really prefer to leave another but is kept
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1788 from doing so by shame or embarrassment. Our Lord did not want them to stay with him because
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1789 they were forced to do so out of embarrassment (because to serve unwillingly is not to serve at
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1790 all), and so he took away any embarrassment in their leaving or necessity for their staying, and
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1791 left it to their own judgment whether they wanted to stay with him or leave, because “God loves
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1792 a cheerful giver” (2 Cor 9:7).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1793 <p>1001 Then, from Peter’s answer, we see the devotion of those who did not leave. For Peter—who
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1794 loved the brethren, who guarded his friendships, and had it special affection for
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1795 Christ—answered for the whole group, and said, <span style="font-weight: bold">Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1796 words of eternal life. </span>Here he did three things. First, he extolled the greatness of Christ;
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1797 secondly, he praised his teaching; and thirdly, he professed his faith.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1798 <p>1002 He extolled the greatness of Christ when he said, <span style="font-weight: bold">Lord, to whom shall we go?</span> As if to say:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1799 Are you telling us to leave you? Give us someone better to whom we can go. But then, “There
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1800 is no one like you among the strong, O Lord” (Ex 15:11); “Who is like God” (Ps 88:7). And so
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1801 you will not tell us to go. “Where can I go that is away from your spirit?” (Ps 138:7). Further,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1802 according to Chrysostom, Peter’s words show great friendship; for to him, Christ was more
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1803 worthy of honor than father or mother.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1804 <p>1003 He praised his teaching when he said, <span style="font-weight: bold">You have the words </span>of <span style="font-weight: bold">eternal life. </span>Now Moses,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1805 and the prophets, also spoke the words of God; but they rarely had the words of eternal life. But
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1806 you are promising eternal life. What more can we ask? “Whoever believes in me has eternal life”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1807 (above 6:47); “Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life” (above 3:36).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1808 <p>1004 He professed his faith when he said, <span style="font-weight: bold">We have come to believe and to know that you are
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1809 the Christ, the Son of God.</span> For in our faith there are two things above all that must be believed:
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1810 the mystery of the Trinity, and the Incarnation. And these two Peter professed here. He professed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1811 the mystery of the Trinity when he said, you are the Son of God: for in calling Christ the Son of
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1812 God he mentioned the person of the Father and that of the Son, along with the person of the Holy
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1813 Spirit, who is the love of the Father and of the Son, and the bond or nexus of both. He professed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1814 the mystery of the Incarnation when he said, you are the Christ: for in Greek, the word “Christ”
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1815 means “anointed”; anointed, that is, with the invisible oil of the Holy Spirit. He was not anointed
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1816 according to his divine nature, because one who is anointed by the Holy Spirit is Made better by
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1817 that anointing. But Christ, so far as he is God, is not made better. Thus, Christ was anointed as
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1818 man.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1819 <p>He said, <span style="font-weight: bold">We have come to believe and to know</span>, because believing comes before knowing. And
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1820 therefore, if we wanted to know before believing, we would neither know nor be able to believe,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1821 as Augustine says, and as in that other version of Isaiah: “If you do not believe, you will not
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1822 understand” (Is 7:9).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1823 <p>1005 Our Lord corrected Peter’s answer when he said, <span style="font-weight: bold">Did I not choose you Twelve? And one
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1824 of you is a devil. </span>First, we have the Lord’s reply: secondly, the Evangelist’s explanation of it (v
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1825 72).</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1826 <p>1006 Because Peter was great-hearted and included all in his answer, <span style="font-weight: bold">We have come to believe
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1827 and to know that you are the Christ, the Son of God, </span>it seemed that all of them would arrive
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1828 at eternal life. And so our Lord excluded Judas from this community of believers. This trust was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1829 commendable in Peter, who did not suspect any evil in his companions; but we must also admire
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1830 the wisdom of our Lord, who saw what was hidden. Thus he says, <span style="font-weight: bold">Did I not choose you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1831 Twelve? And one of you is a devil; </span>not by nature, but by imitating the devil’s malice: “Death
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1832 came into the world -by the envy of the devil; his disciples imitate him” (Wis 2:24); “After the
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1833 morsel, Satan entered into him” (below 13:27), because Judas became like him in malice.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1834 <p style="margin-bottom: 0.125in; margin-bottom: 0.125in"> </p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1835 <p>1007 But if Christ chose Judas, who was later to become evil, it seems that our Lord made a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1836 mistake in choosing him. First, we might answer this as Chrysostom does, and say that this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1837 choice was not for predestination, but for some task, and in reference to a condition of present
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1838 justice. Sometimes a person is chosen this way, not in relation to the future, but according to
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1839 present realities; for being chosen in this way does not destroy one’s free choice or the possibility
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1840 of sinning: hence we read, “Let him who thinks that he stands, take heed so he will not fall” (1
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1841 Cor 10:12). And so our Lord did choose Judas, but not as evil at that time; and being so chosen
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1842 did not take away his possibility of sinning. Secondly, we could answer with Augustine, who said
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1843 that our Lord did chose Judas as evil. And although he knew that he was evil, because it is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1844 characteristic of a good person to use evil for good, God made good use of this evil in allowing
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1845 himself to be betrayed in order to redeem us. Or, we could say that the choice of the Twelve does
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1846 not refer here to the persons, but rather to the number; as if to say: I have chosen Twelve. For this
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1847 number is fittingly set apart for those who would preach the faith of the Holy Trinity to the four
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1848 corners of the world. And indeed, this number did not pass away, because Matthias was
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1849 substituted for the traitor. Or, according to Ambrose, Jesus chose Judas as evil so that when we
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1850 read that our Lord and Master was betrayed by his disciple, we might be consoled if sometimes
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1851 our friends betray us.</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1852 <p>1008 We could ask here why the disciples did not say anything after our Lord said, <span style="font-weight: bold">one of you
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1853 is a devil; </span>for later on, when he says, “One of you will betray me” (below 13:21), they reply, “Is
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1854 it I, Lord?” (Mt 26:22). 1 answer that the reason for this is that our Lord was speaking here in a
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1855 general way when he said that one of them was a devil; for this could mean any kind of malice,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1856 and so they were not disturbed. But later on, when they heard of such a great crime, that their
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1857 Master would be betrayed, they could not keep quiet. Or, we could say that when our Lord said
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1858 this, each of them had confidence in his own virtue, and so none feared for himself; but after he
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1859 said to Peter, “Follow after me, Satan” (Mt 16:23), they were afraid, and realized their own
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1860 weakness. That is why they asked in that indecisive way, “Is it I, Lord?”</p>
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1861 <p>1009 Finally, what our Lord had just said privately is explained by the Evangelist when he says,
25a799388159 originals from http://www.josephkenny.joyeurs.com/CDtexts/SSJohn.htm ht parents: diff changeset	1862 <span style="font-weight: bold">he was talking about Judas, </span>as events proved and which will be clear below (c 13).</p>
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