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annotate summa/latin/sth4060.html @ 35:178aed5d2c3c

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convert to XML
author ht
date Mon, 30 Nov 2009 22:05:42 +0000
parents 544e12f679ad
children d777cc3962f2
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
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4 <head>
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5 <meta name="generator" content=
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6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
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9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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11 <meta name="keywords" content=
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12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
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13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
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14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
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15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
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16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarc&oacute;n" />
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17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
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18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
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19 "text/css" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
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21 "text/css" />
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22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, III&ordf; q.
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23 60-65</title>
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24 </head>
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25 <body>
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26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
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27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
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28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
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29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
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30 <div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione LX ad quaestionem
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31 LXV</div>
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32 <br />
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33 <div class="centro">
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34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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35 <tr>
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36 <th><img src="icons/bene180.jpg" width="204" height="180" border=
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37 "0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" align=
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38 "middle" /></th>
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39 </tr>
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40 </table>
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41 <br />
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42 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br />
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43 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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44 magneticas<br />
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45 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarc&oacute;n atque instruxit<br />
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46 <br /></span><br />
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47 <hr />
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48 <br />
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49 <p><a href="sth4053.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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50 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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51 <a href="sth4066.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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52 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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53 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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54 //<![CDATA[
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55 <!--
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56 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49613">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1');
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49614">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49615">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49616">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49617">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49618">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49619">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49620">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49621">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49622">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49623">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49624">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49625">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49626">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49627">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49628">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49629">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49630">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49631">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49632">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49633">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49634">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49635">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49636">III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49637">III&ordf; q. 62 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49638">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49639">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49640">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49641">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49642">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49643">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49644">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49645">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49646">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49647">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49648">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49649">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49650">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49651">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49652">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49653">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49654">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49655">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49656">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49657">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49658">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49659">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49660">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49661">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49662">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49663">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49664">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49665">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49666">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49667">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49668">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49669">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49670">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49671">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49672">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49673">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49674">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49675">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49676">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49677">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49678">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49679">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49680">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49681">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49682">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49683">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49684">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49685">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49686">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49687">III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49688">III&ordf; q. 63 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49689">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49690">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49691">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49692">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49693">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49694">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49695">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49696">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49697">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49698">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49699">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49700">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49701">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49702">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49703">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49704">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49705">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49706">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49707">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49708">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49709">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49710">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49711">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49712">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49713">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49714">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49715">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49716">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49717">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49718">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49719">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49720">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49721">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49722">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49723">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49724">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49725">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49726">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49727">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49728">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49729">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49730">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49731">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49732">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49733">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49734">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49735">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49736">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49737">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49738">III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49739">III&ordf; q. 64 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49740">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49741">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49742">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49743">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49744">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49745">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49746">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49747">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49748">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49749">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49750">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49751">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49752">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49753">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49754">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49755">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49756">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49757">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49758">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49759">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49760">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49761">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49762">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49763">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49764">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49765">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49766">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49767">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49768">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49769">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49770">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49771">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49772">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49773">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49774">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49775">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49776">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49777">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49778">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49779">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49780">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49781">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49782">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49783">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49784">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49785">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49786">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49787">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49788">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49789">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49790">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49791">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49792">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49793">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49794">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49795">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49796">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49797">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49798">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49799">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49800">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49801">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49802">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49803">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49804">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49805">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49806">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49807">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49808">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49809">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49810">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49811">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49812">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49813">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49814">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49815">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49816">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49817">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49818">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49819">III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49820">III&ordf; q. 65 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49821">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49822">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49823">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49824">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49825">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49826">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49827">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49828">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49829">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49830">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49831">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49832">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49833">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49834">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49835">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49836">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 7');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49837">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 8');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49838">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49839">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49840">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49841">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49842">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49843">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49844">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49845">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49846">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49847">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 3');
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374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49848">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 4');
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375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49849">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 5');
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376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49850">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1');
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377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49851">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2');
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378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49852">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3');
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379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49853">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 4');
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380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49854">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 s. c.');
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381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49855">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 co.');
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382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49856">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 1');
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383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49857">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 2');
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384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49858">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 3');
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385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49859">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 4');
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386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49860">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1');
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387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49861">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2');
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388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49862">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3');
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389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49863">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 s. c.');
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390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49864">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 co.');
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391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49865">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 1');
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392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49866">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 2');
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393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#49867">III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 3');
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394 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26
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395 document.write('<BR><BR>');
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396 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
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397 document.write('<\/FORM>');
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398 // -->
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399 //]]>
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400 </script><br />
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401 <hr />
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diff changeset
402 <br /></div>
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diff changeset
403 <div class="D">Quaestio 60</div>
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diff changeset
404 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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405 <p title="III q. 60 pr."><a name="49539"><span class="ref">[49539]
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diff changeset
406 III&ordf; q. 60 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem eorum quae
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diff changeset
407 pertinent ad mysteria verbi incarnati, considerandum est de
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diff changeset
408 Ecclesiae sacramentis, quae ab ipso verbo incarnato efficaciam
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409 habent. Et prima consideratio erit de sacramentis in communi;
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diff changeset
410 secunda de unoquoque sacramentorum in speciali. Circa primum
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diff changeset
411 quinque consideranda sunt, primo, quid sit sacramentum; secundo, de
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412 necessitate sacramentorum; tertio, de effectibus sacramentorum;
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413 quarto, de causa eorum; quinto, de numero. Circa primum quaeruntur
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414 octo. Primo, utrum sacramentum sit in genere signi. Secundo, utrum
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415 omne signum rei sacrae sit sacramentum. Tertio, utrum sacramentum
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416 sit signum unius rei tantum, vel plurium. Quarto, utrum sacramentum
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417 sit signum quod est res sensibilis. Quinto, utrum ad sacramentum
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418 requiratur determinata res sensibilis. Sexto, utrum ad sacramentum
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419 requiratur significatio quae est per verba. Septimo, utrum
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420 requirantur determinata verba. Octavo, utrum illis verbis possit
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421 aliquid addi vel subtrahi.</p>
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422 <br />
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423 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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diff changeset
424 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49540"><span class=
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diff changeset
425 "ref">[49540] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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diff changeset
426 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non sit in genere signi.
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427 Videtur enim sacramentum dici a sacrando, sicut medicamentum a
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428 medicando. Sed hoc magis videtur pertinere ad rationem causae quam
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429 ad rationem signi. Ergo sacramentum magis est in genere causae quam
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430 in genere signi.</p>
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431 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49541"><span class=
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diff changeset
432 "ref">[49541] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
433 sacramentum videtur occultum aliquid significare, secundum illud
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diff changeset
434 Tob. XII, <i>sacramentum regis abscondere bonum est</i>; et Ephes.
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435 III, <i>quae sit dispensatio sacramenti absconditi a saeculis in
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436 Deo</i>. Sed id quod est absconditum, videtur esse contra rationem
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diff changeset
437 signi, nam <i>signum est quod, praeter speciem quam sensibus
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438 ingerit, facit aliquid aliud in cognitionem venire</i>, ut patet
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diff changeset
439 per Augustinum, in II de Doct. Christ. Ergo videtur quod
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440 sacramentum non sit in genere signi.</p>
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diff changeset
441 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49542"><span class=
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diff changeset
442 "ref">[49542] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
443 iuramentum quandoque sacramentum nominatur, dicitur enim in
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444 decretis, XXII Caus., qu. V, <i>parvuli qui sine aetate rationabili
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445 sunt, non cogantur iurare, et qui semel periuratus fuerit, nec
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diff changeset
446 testis sit post hoc, nec ad sacramentum</i>, idest ad iuramentum,
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diff changeset
447 <i>accedat</i>. Sed iuramentum non pertinet ad rationem signi. Ergo
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448 videtur quod sacramentum non sit in genere signi.</p>
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449 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49543"><span class=
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diff changeset
450 "ref">[49543] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
451 quod Augustinus dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, <i>sacrificium visibile
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diff changeset
452 invisibilis sacrificii sacramentum, idest sacrum signum,
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453 est</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
454 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 co."><a name="49544"><span class=
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diff changeset
455 "ref">[49544] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
456 dicendum quod omnia quae habent ordinem ad unum aliquid, licet
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diff changeset
457 diversimode, ab illo denominari possunt, sicut a sanitate quae est
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diff changeset
458 in animali, denominatur sanum non solum animal, quod est sanitatis
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diff changeset
459 subiectum, sed dicitur medicina sana inquantum est sanitatis
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460 effectiva, diaeta vero inquantum est conservativa eiusdem, et urina
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461 inquantum est significativa ipsius. Sic igitur sacramentum potest
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462 aliquid dici vel quia in se habet aliquam sanctitatem occultam, et
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463 secundum hoc sacramentum idem est quod sacrum secretum, vel quia
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464 habet aliquem ordinem ad hanc sanctitatem, vel causae vel signi vel
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465 secundum quamcumque aliam habitudinem. Specialiter autem nunc
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466 loquimur de sacramentis secundum quod important habitudinem signi.
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467 Et secundum hoc sacramentum ponitur in genere signi.</p>
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468 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49545"><span class=
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diff changeset
469 "ref">[49545] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
470 dicendum quod, quia medicina se habet ut causa effectiva sanitatis,
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471 inde est quod omnia denominata a medicina dicuntur per ordinem ad
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472 unum primum agens, et per hoc, medicamentum importat causalitatem
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473 quandam. Sed sanctitas, a qua denominatur sacramentum, non
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474 significatur per modum causae efficientis, sed magis per modum
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diff changeset
475 causae formalis vel finalis. Et ideo non oportet quod sacramentum
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476 semper importet causalitatem.</p>
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diff changeset
477 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49546"><span class=
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diff changeset
478 "ref">[49546] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
479 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum quod sacramentum idem
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diff changeset
480 est quod sacrum secretum. Dicitur autem non solum Dei secretum, sed
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diff changeset
481 etiam regis, esse sacrum et sacramentum. Quia secundum antiquos
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diff changeset
482 sancta vel sacrosancta dicebantur quaecumque violari non licebat,
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diff changeset
483 sicut etiam muri civitatis, et personae in dignitatibus
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484 constitutae. Et ideo illa secreta, sive divina sive humana, quae
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diff changeset
485 non licet violari quibuslibet publicando, dicuntur sacra vel
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486 sacramenta.</p>
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diff changeset
487 <p title="III q. 60 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49547"><span class=
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diff changeset
488 "ref">[49547] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
489 dicendum quod etiam iuramentum habet quandam habitudinem ad res
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diff changeset
490 sacras, inquantum scilicet est quaedam contestatio facta per
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diff changeset
491 aliquod sacrum. Et secundum hoc dicitur esse sacramentum, non eadem
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diff changeset
492 ratione qua nunc loquimur de sacramentis; non tamen aequivoce
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diff changeset
493 sumpto nomine sacramenti, sed analogice, scilicet secundum diversam
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494 habitudinem ad aliquid unum, quod est res sacra.</p>
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diff changeset
495 <br />
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diff changeset
496 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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diff changeset
497 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49548"><span class=
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diff changeset
498 "ref">[49548] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
499 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omne signum rei sacrae sit
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diff changeset
500 sacramentum. Omnes enim creaturae sensibiles sunt signa rerum
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diff changeset
501 sacrarum, secundum illud Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae
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diff changeset
502 facta sunt intellecta conspiciuntur</i>. Nec tamen omnes res
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diff changeset
503 sensibiles possunt dici sacramenta. Non ergo omne signum rei sacrae
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504 est sacramentum.</p>
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diff changeset
505 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49549"><span class=
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diff changeset
506 "ref">[49549] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
507 omnia quae in veteri lege fiebant, Christum figurabant, qui est
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diff changeset
508 sanctus sanctorum, secundum illud I Cor. X, <i>omnia in figura
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diff changeset
509 contingebant illis</i>, et Coloss. II, <i>quae sunt umbra
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diff changeset
510 futurorum, corpus autem Christi</i>. Nec tamen omnia gesta patrum
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diff changeset
511 veteris testamenti, vel etiam omnes caeremoniae legis, sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
512 sacramenta, sed quaedam specialiter, sicut in secunda parte habitum
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513 est. Ergo videtur quod non omne signum sacrae rei sit
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514 sacramentum.</p>
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diff changeset
515 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49550"><span class=
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diff changeset
516 "ref">[49550] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
517 etiam in novo testamento multa geruntur in signum alicuius rei
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diff changeset
518 sacrae, quae tamen non dicuntur sacramenta, sicut aspersio aquae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
519 benedictae, consecratio altaris, et consimilia. Non ergo omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
520 signum rei sacrae est sacramentum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
521 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49551"><span class=
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diff changeset
522 "ref">[49551] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
523 quod definitio convertitur cum definito. Sed quidam definiunt
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diff changeset
524 sacramentum per hoc quod est sacrae rei signum, et hoc etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
525 videtur ex auctoritate Augustini supra inducta. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
526 omne signum rei sacrae sit sacramentum.</p>
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diff changeset
527 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 co."><a name="49552"><span class=
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diff changeset
528 "ref">[49552] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
529 dicendum quod signa dantur hominibus, quorum est per nota ad ignota
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diff changeset
530 pervenire. Et ideo proprie dicitur sacramentum quod est signum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
531 alicuius rei sacrae ad homines pertinentis, ut scilicet proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
532 dicatur sacramentum, secundum quod nunc de sacramentis loquimur,
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diff changeset
533 quod est signum rei sacrae inquantum est sanctificans homines.</p>
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diff changeset
534 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49553"><span class=
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diff changeset
535 "ref">[49553] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
536 dicendum quod creaturae sensibiles significant aliquid sacrum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
537 scilicet sapientiam et bonitatem divinam, inquantum sunt in seipsis
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diff changeset
538 sacra, non autem inquantum nos per ea sanctificamur. Et ideo non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
539 possunt dici sacramenta secundum quod nunc loquimur de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
540 sacramentis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
541 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49554"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
542 "ref">[49554] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
543 dicendum quod quaedam ad vetus testamentum pertinentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
544 significabant sanctitatem Christi secundum quod in se sanctus est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
545 Quaedam vero significabant sanctitatem eius inquantum per eam nos
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diff changeset
546 sanctificamur, sicut immolatio agni paschalis significabat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
547 immolationem Christi, qua sanctificati sumus. Et talia dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
548 proprie veteris legis sacramenta.</p>
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diff changeset
549 <p title="III q. 60 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49555"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
550 "ref">[49555] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
551 dicendum quod res denominantur a fine et complemento. Dispositio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
552 autem non est finis, sed perfectio. Et ideo ea quae significant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
553 dispositionem ad sanctitatem, non dicuntur sacramenta, de quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
554 procedit obiectio; sed solum ea quae significant perfectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
555 sanctitatis humanae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
556 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
557 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
558 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49556"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
559 "ref">[49556] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
560 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non sit signum nisi unius rei.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
561 Id enim quo multa significantur, est signum ambiguum, et per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
562 consequens fallendi occasio, sicut patet de nominibus aequivocis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
563 Sed omnis fallacia debet removeri a Christiana religione, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
564 illud Coloss. II, <i>videte ne quis vos seducat per philosophiam et
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diff changeset
565 inanem fallaciam</i>. Ergo videtur quod sacramentum non sit signum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
566 plurium rerum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
567 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49557"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
568 "ref">[49557] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
569 sicut dictum est, sacramentum significat rem sacram inquantum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
570 humanae sanctificationis causa. Sed una sola est causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
571 sanctificationis humanae, scilicet sanguis Christi, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
572 Heb. ult., <i>Iesus, ut sanctificaret per suum sanguinem populum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
573 extra portam passus est</i>. Ergo videtur quod sacramentum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
574 significet plura.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
575 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49558"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
576 "ref">[49558] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
577 dictum est quod sacramentum proprie significat ipsum finem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
578 sanctificationis. Sed finis sanctificationis est vita aeterna,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
579 secundum illud Rom. VI, <i>habetis fructum vestrum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
580 sanctificatione, finem vero vitam aeternam</i>. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
581 sacramenta non significent nisi unam rem, scilicet vitam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
582 aeternam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
583 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49559"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
584 "ref">[49559] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
585 quod in sacramento altaris est duplex res significata, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
586 corpus Christi verum et mysticum, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro
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587 sententiarum prosperi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
588 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 co."><a name="49560"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
589 "ref">[49560] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
590 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, sacramentum proprie dicitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
591 ordinatur ad significandam nostram sanctificationem. In qua tria
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parents: 26
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592 possunt considerari, videlicet ipsa causa sanctificationis nostrae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
593 quae est passio Christi; et forma nostrae sanctificationis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
594 consistit in gratia et virtutibus; et ultimus finis nostrae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
595 sanctificationis, qui est vita aeterna. Et haec omnia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
596 sacramenta significantur. Unde sacramentum est et signum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
597 rememorativum eius quod praecessit, scilicet passionis Christi; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
598 demonstrativum eius quod in nobis efficitur per Christi passionem,
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diff changeset
599 scilicet gratiae; et prognosticum, idest praenuntiativum, futurae
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diff changeset
600 gloriae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
601 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49561"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
602 "ref">[49561] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
603 dicendum quod tunc est signum ambiguum, praebens occasionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
604 fallendi, quando significat multa quorum unum non ordinatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
605 aliud. Sed quando significat multa secundum quod ex eis quodam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
606 ordine efficitur unum, tunc non est signum ambiguum, sed certum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
607 sicut hoc nomen homo significat animam et corpus prout ex eis
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diff changeset
608 constituitur humana natura. Et hoc modo sacramentum significat tria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
609 praedicta secundum quod quodam ordine sunt unum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
610 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49562"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
611 "ref">[49562] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
612 dicendum quod sacramentum, in hoc quod significat rem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
613 sanctificantem, oportet quod significet effectum, qui intelligitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
614 in ipsa causa sanctificante prout est causa sanctificans.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
615 <p title="III q. 60 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49563"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
616 "ref">[49563] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
617 dicendum quod sufficit ad rationem sacramenti quod significet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
618 perfectionem quae est forma, nec oportet quod solum significet
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diff changeset
619 perfectionem quae est finis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
620 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
621 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
622 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49564"><span class=
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diff changeset
623 "ref">[49564] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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diff changeset
624 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non semper sit aliqua res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
625 sensibilis. Quia secundum philosophum, in libro priorum, omnis
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diff changeset
626 effectus suae causae signum est. Sed sicut sunt quidam effectus
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diff changeset
627 sensibiles, ita etiam sunt quidam effectus intelligibiles, sicut
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diff changeset
628 scientia est effectus demonstrationis. Ergo non omne signum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
629 sensibile. Sufficit autem ad rationem sacramenti quod sit signum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
630 alicuius rei sacrae inquantum homo per eam sanctificatur, ut supra
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diff changeset
631 dictum est. Non ergo requiritur ad sacramentum quod sit aliqua res
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diff changeset
632 sensibilis.</p>
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diff changeset
633 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49565"><span class=
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diff changeset
634 "ref">[49565] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
635 sacramenta pertinent ad regnum Dei et cultum Dei. Sed res
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diff changeset
636 sensibiles non videntur pertinere ad cultum Dei, dicitur enim Ioan.
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diff changeset
637 IV, <i>spiritus est Deus, et eos qui adorant eum, in spiritu et
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diff changeset
638 veritate adorare oportet</i>; et Rom. XIV, <i>non est regnum Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
639 esca et potus</i>. Ergo res sensibiles non requiruntur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
640 sacramenta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
641 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49566"><span class=
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diff changeset
642 "ref">[49566] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
643 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Lib. Arbit., quod <i>res sensibiles
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diff changeset
644 sunt minima bona, sine quibus homo recte vivere potest</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
645 sacramenta sunt de necessitate salutis humanae, ut infra patebit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
646 et ita sine eis homo recte vivere non potest. Non ergo res
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diff changeset
647 sensibiles requiruntur ad sacramenta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
648 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49567"><span class=
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diff changeset
649 "ref">[49567] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
650 quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>accedit verbum ad elementum,
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diff changeset
651 et fit sacramentum</i>. Et loquitur ibi de elemento sensibili, quod
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diff changeset
652 est aqua. Ergo res sensibiles requiruntur ad sacramenta.</p>
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diff changeset
653 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 co."><a name="49568"><span class=
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diff changeset
654 "ref">[49568] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
655 dicendum quod divina sapientia unicuique rei providet secundum suum
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diff changeset
656 modum, et propter hoc dicitur, Sap. VIII, quod <i>suaviter disponit
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diff changeset
657 omnia</i>. Unde et Matth. XXV dicitur quod <i>dividit unicuique
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diff changeset
658 secundum propriam virtutem</i>. Est autem homini connaturale ut per
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diff changeset
659 sensibilia perveniat in cognitionem intelligibilium. Signum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 est per quod aliquis devenit in cognitionem alterius. Unde, cum res
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diff changeset
661 sacrae quae per sacramenta significantur, sint quaedam spiritualia
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662 et intelligibilia bona quibus homo sanctificatur, consequens est ut
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diff changeset
663 per aliquas res sensibiles significatio sacramenti impleatur, sicut
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diff changeset
664 etiam per similitudinem sensibilium rerum in divina Scriptura res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
665 spirituales nobis describuntur. Et inde est quod ad sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
666 requiruntur res sensibiles, ut etiam Dionysius probat, in I cap.
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diff changeset
667 caelestis hierarchiae.</p>
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diff changeset
668 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49569"><span class=
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diff changeset
669 "ref">[49569] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
670 dicendum quod unumquodque praecipue denominatur et definitur
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diff changeset
671 secundum illud quod convenit ei primo et per se, non autem per id
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672 quod convenit ei per aliud. Effectus autem sensibilis per se habet
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diff changeset
673 quod ducat in cognitionem alterius, quasi primo et per se homini
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diff changeset
674 innotescens, quia omnis nostra cognitio a sensu initium habet.
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675 Effectus autem intelligibiles non habent quod possint ducere in
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diff changeset
676 cognitionem alterius nisi inquantum sunt per aliud manifestati,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
677 idest per aliqua sensibilia. Et inde est quod primo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
678 principaliter dicuntur signa quae sensibus offeruntur, sicut
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diff changeset
679 Augustinus dicit, in II de Doct. Christ., quod <i>signum est quod,
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diff changeset
680 praeter speciem quam ingerit sensibus, facit aliquid aliud in
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diff changeset
681 cognitionem venire</i>. Effectus autem intelligibiles non habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
682 rationem signi nisi secundum quod sunt manifestati per aliqua
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diff changeset
683 signa. Et per hunc etiam modum quaedam quae non sunt sensibilia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 dicuntur quodammodo sacramenta, inquantum sunt significata per
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diff changeset
685 aliqua sensibilia, de quibus infra agetur.</p>
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diff changeset
686 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49570"><span class=
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diff changeset
687 "ref">[49570] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 dicendum, quod res sensibiles, prout in sua natura considerantur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 non pertinent ad cultum vel regnum Dei, sed solum secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
690 sunt signa spiritualium rerum, in quibus regnum Dei consistit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
691 <p title="III q. 60 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49571"><span class=
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diff changeset
692 "ref">[49571] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de rebus sensibilibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 secundum quod in sua natura considerantur, non autem secundum quod
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diff changeset
695 assumuntur ad significandum spiritualia, quae sunt maxima bona.</p>
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diff changeset
696 <br />
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diff changeset
697 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
698 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49572"><span class=
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diff changeset
699 "ref">[49572] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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diff changeset
700 proceditur. Videtur quod non requirantur determinatae res ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
701 sacramenta. Res enim sensibiles requiruntur in sacramentis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 significandum, ut dictum est. Sed nihil prohibet diversis rebus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 sensibilibus idem significari, sicut in sacra Scriptura Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 aliquando metaphorice significatur per lapidem, quandoque per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 leonem, quandoque per solem, aut aliquid huiusmodi. Ergo videtur
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diff changeset
706 quod diversae res possint congruere eidem sacramento. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 determinatae res in sacramentis requiruntur.</p>
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diff changeset
708 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49573"><span class=
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diff changeset
709 "ref">[49573] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
710 magis necessaria est salus animae quam salus corporis. Sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 medicinis corporalibus, quae ad salutem corporis ordinantur, potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
712 una res pro alia poni in eius defectu. Ergo multo magis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 sacramentis, quae sunt medicinae spirituales ad salutem animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
714 ordinatae, poterit una res assumi pro alia quando illa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 defuerit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
716 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49574"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 "ref">[49574] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 est conveniens ut hominum salus arctetur per legem divinam, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 praecipue per legem Christi, qui venit omnes salvare. Sed in statu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 legis naturae non requirebantur in sacramentis aliquae res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 determinatae, sed ex voto assumebantur, ut patet Gen. XXVIII, ubi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 se Iacob vovit Deo decimas et hostias pacificas oblaturum. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
723 videtur quod non debuit arctari homo, et praecipue in nova lege, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
724 alicuius rei determinatae usum in sacramentis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
725 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49575"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
726 "ref">[49575] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 quod dominus dicit, Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 et spiritu sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
729 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 co."><a name="49576"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
730 "ref">[49576] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 dicendum quod in usu sacramentorum duo possunt considerari,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
732 scilicet cultus divinus, et sanctificatio hominis, quorum primum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
733 pertinet ad hominem per comparationem ad Deum, secundum autem e
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
734 converso pertinet ad Deum per comparationem ad hominem. Non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 pertinet ad aliquem determinare quod est in potestate alterius, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 solum illud quod est in sua potestate. Quia igitur sanctificatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 hominis est in potestate Dei sanctificantis, non pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
738 hominem suo iudicio assumere res quibus sanctificetur, sed hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 debet esse ex divina institutione determinatum. Et ideo in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 sacramentis novae legis, quibus homines sanctificantur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 illud I Cor. VI, <i>abluti estis, sanctificati estis</i>, oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 uti rebus ex divina institutione determinatis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49577"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
744 "ref">[49577] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 dicendum quod, si idem possit per diversa signa significari,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 determinare tamen quo signo sit utendum ad significandum, pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 ad significantem. Deus autem est qui nobis significat spiritualia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 per res sensibiles in sacramentis, et per verba similitudinaria in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
749 Scripturis. Et ideo, sicut iudicio spiritus sancti determinatum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
750 quibus similitudinibus in certis Scripturae locis res spirituales
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
751 significentur, ita etiam debet esse divina institutione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
752 determinatum quae res ad significandum assumantur in hoc vel in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
753 illo sacramento.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49578"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 "ref">[49578] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 dicendum quod res sensibiles habent naturaliter sibi inditas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
757 virtutes conferentes ad corporalem salutem, et ideo non refert, si
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diff changeset
758 duae earum eandem virtutem habeant, qua quis utatur. Sed ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 sanctificationem non ordinantur ex aliqua virtute naturaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
760 indita, sed solum ex institutione divina. Et ideo oportuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 divinitus determinari quibus rebus sensibilibus sit in sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
762 utendum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 <p title="III q. 60 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49579"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 "ref">[49579] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., diversa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 sacramenta diversis temporibus congruunt, sicut etiam diversis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 verbis significantur diversa tempora, scilicet praesens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 praeteritum et futurum. Et ideo, sicut in statu legis naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 homines, nulla lege exterius data, solo interiori instinctu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 movebantur ad Deum colendum, ita etiam ex interiori instinctu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 determinabatur eis quibus rebus sensibilibus ad Dei cultum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 uterentur. Postmodum vero necesse fuit etiam exterius legem dari,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 tum propter obscurationem legis naturae ex peccatis hominum; tum
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diff changeset
774 etiam ad expressiorem significationem gratiae Christi, per quam
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diff changeset
775 humanum genus sanctificatur. Et ideo etiam necesse fuit res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 determinari quibus homines uterentur in sacramentis. Nec propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 hoc arctatur via salutis, quia res quarum usus est necessarius in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 sacramentis, vel communiter habentur, vel parvo studio adhibito
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diff changeset
779 haberi possunt.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49580"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 "ref">[49580] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 proceditur. Videtur quod in significatione sacramentorum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 requirantur verba. Dicit enim Augustinus, contra Faustum, libro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 XIX, <i>quid sunt aliud quaeque corporalia sacramenta nisi quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 quaedam verba visibilia?</i> Et sic videtur quod addere verba rebus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 sensibilibus in sacramentis sit addere verba verbis. Sed hoc est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 superfluum. Non ergo requiruntur verba cum rebus sensibilibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 sacramentis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49581"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 "ref">[49581] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 sacramentum est aliquid unum. Ex his autem quae sunt diversorum
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diff changeset
794 generum, non videtur posse aliquid unum fieri. Cum igitur res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 sensibiles et verba sint diversorum generum, quia res sensibiles
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diff changeset
796 sunt a natura, verba autem a ratione; videtur quod in sacramentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 non requirantur verba cum rebus sensibilibus.</p>
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diff changeset
798 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49582"><span class=
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diff changeset
799 "ref">[49582] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
800 sacramenta novae legis succedunt sacramentis veteris legis, quia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 illis ablatis, ista sunt instituta, ut Augustinus dicit, XIX contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 Faustum. Sed in sacramentis veteris legis non requirebatur aliqua
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diff changeset
803 forma verborum. Ergo nec in sacramentis novae legis.</p>
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diff changeset
804 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49583"><span class=
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diff changeset
805 "ref">[49583] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 quod apostolus dicit, Ephes. V, <i>Christus dilexit Ecclesiam, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 tradidit semetipsum pro ea, ut illam sanctificaret, mundans eam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 lavacro aquae in verbo vitae</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, super Ioan.,
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diff changeset
809 <i>accedit verbum ad elementum, et fit sacramentum</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
810 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 co."><a name="49584"><span class=
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diff changeset
811 "ref">[49584] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
812 dicendum quod sacramenta, sicut dictum est, adhibentur ad hominum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 sanctificationem sicut quaedam signa. Tripliciter ergo considerari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 possunt, et quolibet modo congruit eis quod verba rebus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 sensibilibus adiungantur. Primo enim possunt considerari ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 causae sanctificantis, quae est verbum incarnatum, cui sacramentum
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diff changeset
817 quodammodo conformatur in hoc quod rei sensibili verbum adhibetur,
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diff changeset
818 sicut in mysterio incarnationis carni sensibili est verbum Dei
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diff changeset
819 unitum. Secundo possunt considerari sacramenta ex parte hominis qui
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diff changeset
820 sanctificatur, qui componitur ex anima et corpore, cui
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diff changeset
821 proportionatur sacramentalis medicina, quae per rem visibilem
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diff changeset
822 corpus tangit, et per verbum ab anima creditur. Unde Augustinus
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diff changeset
823 dicit, super illud Ioan. XV, <i>iam vos mundi estis propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 sermonem etc., unde ista est tanta virtus aquae ut corpus tangat et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 cor abluat, nisi faciente verbo, non quia dicitur, sed quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 creditur?</i> Tertio potest considerari ex parte ipsius
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diff changeset
827 significationis sacramentalis. Dicit autem Augustinus, in II de
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diff changeset
828 Doct. Christ., quod <i>verba inter homines obtinuerunt principatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 significandi</i>, quia verba diversimode formari possunt ad
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diff changeset
830 significandos diversos conceptus mentis, et propter hoc per verba
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parents: 26
diff changeset
831 magis distincte possumus exprimere quod mente concipimus. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 ad perfectionem significationis sacramentalis necesse fuit ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 significatio rerum sensibilium per aliqua verba determinaretur.
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diff changeset
834 Aqua enim significare potest et ablutionem propter, suam
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diff changeset
835 humiditatem, et refrigerium propter suam frigiditatem, sed cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
836 dicitur, ego te baptizo, manifestatur quod aqua utimur in Baptismo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 ad significandam emundationem spiritualem.</p>
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diff changeset
838 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49585"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 "ref">[49585] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
840 dicendum quod res visibiles sacramentorum dicuntur verba per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 similitudinem quandam, inquantum scilicet participant quandam vim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 significandi, quae principaliter est in ipsis verbis, ut dictum
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diff changeset
843 est. Et ideo non est superflua ingeminatio verborum cum in
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diff changeset
844 sacramentis rebus visibilibus verba adduntur, quia unum eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 determinatur per aliud, ut dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
846 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49586"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 "ref">[49586] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 dicendum quod, quamvis verba et aliae res sensibiles sint in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 diverso genere quantum pertinet ad naturam rei, conveniunt tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 ratione significandi. Quae perfectius est in verbis quam in aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 rebus. Et ideo ex verbis et rebus fit quodammodo unum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 sacramentis sicut ex forma et materia, inquantum scilicet per verba
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 perficitur significatio rerum, ut dictum est. Sub rebus autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 comprehenduntur etiam ipsi actus sensibiles, puta ablutio et unctio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
855 et alia huiusmodi, quia in his est eadem ratio significandi et in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 rebus.</p>
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diff changeset
857 <p title="III q. 60 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49587"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 "ref">[49587] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, alia debent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 esse sacramenta rei praesentis, et alia rei futurae. Sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 autem veteris legis praenuntia erant Christi venturi. Et ideo non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 ita expresse significabant Christum sicut sacramenta novae legis,
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diff changeset
863 quae ab ipso Christo effluunt, et quandam similitudinem ipsius in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 se habent, ut dictum est. Utebantur tamen in veteri lege aliquibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 verbis in his quae ad cultum Dei pertinent, tam sacerdotes, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 erant sacramentorum illorum ministri, secundum illud Num. VI,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 <i>sic benedicetis filiis Israel, et dicetis eis, benedicat tibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 dominus</i>, etc.; quam etiam illi qui illis sacramentis utebantur,
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diff changeset
869 secundum illud Deut. XXVI, <i>profiteor hodie coram domino Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 tuo,</i> et cetera.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="49588"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 "ref">[49588] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non requirantur determinata verba in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 sacramentis. Ut enim philosophus dicit, <i>voces non sunt eaedem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 apud omnes</i>. Sed salus, quae per sacramentum quaeritur, est
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diff changeset
878 eadem apud omnes. Ergo non requiruntur aliqua determinata verba in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 sacramentis.</p>
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diff changeset
880 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="49589"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 "ref">[49589] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 verba requiruntur in sacramentis inquantum sunt principaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 significativa, sicut supra dictum est. Sed contingit per diversa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 verba idem significari. Ergo non requiruntur determinata verba in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 sacramentis.</p>
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diff changeset
886 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="49590"><span class=
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diff changeset
887 "ref">[49590] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
888 corruptio cuiuslibet rei variat eius speciem. Sed quidam corrupte
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diff changeset
889 verba proferunt, nec tamen propter hoc impediri creditur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 sacramentorum effectus, alioquin illiterati et balbi qui sacramenta
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diff changeset
891 conferunt, frequenter defectum in sacramentis inducerent. Ergo
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diff changeset
892 videtur quod non requirantur in sacramentis determinata verba.</p>
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diff changeset
893 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 s. c."><a name="49591"><span class=
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diff changeset
894 "ref">[49591] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
895 quod dominus determinata verba protulit in consecratione sacramenti
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diff changeset
896 Eucharistiae, dicens, Matth. XXVI, <i>hoc est corpus meum</i>.
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diff changeset
897 Similiter etiam mandavit discipulis ut sub determinata forma
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diff changeset
898 verborum baptizarent, dicens, Matth. ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes
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diff changeset
899 gentes, baptizantes eos in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 sancti</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
901 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 co."><a name="49592"><span class=
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diff changeset
902 "ref">[49592] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
903 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in sacramentis verba se habent per
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diff changeset
904 modum formae, res autem sensibiles per modum materiae. In omnibus
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diff changeset
905 autem compositis ex materia et forma principium determinationis est
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diff changeset
906 ex parte formae, quae est quodammodo finis et terminus materiae. Et
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diff changeset
907 ideo principalius requiritur ad esse rei determinata forma quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 determinata materia, materia enim determinata quaeritur ut sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 proportionata determinatae formae. Cum igitur in sacramentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 requirantur determinatae res sensibiles, quae se habent in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 sacramentis sicut materia, multo magis requiritur in eis
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diff changeset
912 determinata forma verborum.</p>
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diff changeset
913 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="49593"><span class=
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diff changeset
914 "ref">[49593] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
915 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., verbum operatur
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diff changeset
916 in sacramentis, non quia dicitur, idest, non secundum exteriorem
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diff changeset
917 sonum vocis, sed quia creditur, secundum sensum verborum qui fide
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diff changeset
918 tenetur. Et hic quidem sensus est idem apud omnes, licet non eaedem
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diff changeset
919 voces quantum ad sonum. Et ideo, cuiuscumque linguae verbis
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diff changeset
920 proferatur talis sensus, perficitur sacramentum.</p>
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diff changeset
921 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="49594"><span class=
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diff changeset
922 "ref">[49594] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
923 dicendum quod, licet in qualibet lingua contingat diversis vocibus
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diff changeset
924 idem significari, semper tamen aliqua illarum vocum est qua
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diff changeset
925 principalius et communius homines illius linguae utuntur ad hoc
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diff changeset
926 significandum. Et talis vox assumi debet in significatione
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diff changeset
927 sacramenti. Sicut etiam inter res sensibiles illa assumitur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 significationem sacramenti cuius usus est communior ad actum per
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diff changeset
929 quem sacramenti effectus significatur, sicut aqua communius utuntur
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diff changeset
930 homines ad ablutionem corporalem, per quam spiritualis ablutio
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diff changeset
931 significatur; et ideo aqua assumitur ut materia in Baptismo.</p>
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diff changeset
932 <p title="III q. 60 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="49595"><span class=
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diff changeset
933 "ref">[49595] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
934 dicendum quod ille qui corrupte profert verba sacramentalia, si hoc
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diff changeset
935 ex industria facit, non videtur intendere facere quod facit
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diff changeset
936 Ecclesia, et ita non videtur perfici sacramentum. Si autem hoc
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diff changeset
937 faciat ex errore vel lapsu linguae, si sit tanta corruptio quae
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diff changeset
938 omnino auferat sensum locutionis, non videtur perfici sacramentum.
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diff changeset
939 Et hoc praecipue contingit quando fit corruptio ex parte principii
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diff changeset
940 dictionis, puta si, loco eius quod est in nomine patris, dicat, in
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diff changeset
941 nomine matris. Si vero non totaliter auferatur sensus locutionis
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diff changeset
942 per huiusmodi corruptelam, nihilominus perficitur sacramentum. Et
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diff changeset
943 hoc praecipue contingit quando fit corruptio ex parte finis, puta
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diff changeset
944 si aliquis dicat patrias et filias. Quamvis enim huiusmodi verba
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diff changeset
945 corrupte prolata nihil significent ex virtute impositionis,
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diff changeset
946 accipiuntur tamen ut significantia ex accommodatione usus. Et ideo,
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diff changeset
947 licet mutetur sonus sensibilis, remanet tamen idem sensus. Quod
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diff changeset
948 autem dictum est de differentia corruptionis circa principium vel
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diff changeset
949 finem dictionis, rationem habet quia apud nos variatio dictionis ex
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diff changeset
950 parte principii mutat significationem, variatio autem ex fine
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diff changeset
951 dictionis ut plurimum non mutat significationem. Quae tamen apud
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diff changeset
952 Graecos variatur etiam secundum principium dictionis in
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diff changeset
953 declinatione verborum. Magis tamen videtur attendenda quantitas
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diff changeset
954 corruptionis ex parte dictionis. Quia ex utraque parte potest esse
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diff changeset
955 tam parva quod non aufert sensum verborum, et tam magna, quod
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diff changeset
956 aufert. Sed unum horum facilius accidit ex parte principii, aliud
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diff changeset
957 ex parte finis.</p>
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diff changeset
958 <br />
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diff changeset
959 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
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diff changeset
960 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="49596"><span class=
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diff changeset
961 "ref">[49596] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
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diff changeset
962 proceditur. Videtur quod nihil liceat addere verbis in quibus
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diff changeset
963 consistit forma sacramentorum. Non enim minoris sunt necessitatis
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diff changeset
964 huiusmodi verba sacramentalia quam verba sacrae Scripturae. Sed
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diff changeset
965 verbis sacrae Scripturae nihil licet addere vel minuere, dicitur
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diff changeset
966 enim Deut. IV, <i>non addetis ad verbum quod vobis loquor, nec
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diff changeset
967 auferetis ab eo</i>; et Apoc. ult., <i>contestor omni audienti
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diff changeset
968 verba prophetiae libri huius, si quis apposuerit ad haec, apponet
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diff changeset
969 super eum Deus plagas scriptas in libro isto; et si quis
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diff changeset
970 diminuerit, auferet Deus partem eius de libro vitae</i>. Ergo
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diff changeset
971 videtur quod neque in formis sacramentorum liceat aliquid addere
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diff changeset
972 vel minuere.</p>
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diff changeset
973 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="49597"><span class=
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diff changeset
974 "ref">[49597] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
975 verba se habent in sacramentis per modum formae, ut dictum est. Sed
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diff changeset
976 in formis quaelibet additio vel subtractio variat speciem, sicut et
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diff changeset
977 in numeris, ut dicitur in VIII Metaphys. Ergo videtur quod, si
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diff changeset
978 aliquid addatur vel subtrahatur a forma sacramenti, non erit idem
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diff changeset
979 sacramentum.</p>
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diff changeset
980 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="49598"><span class=
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diff changeset
981 "ref">[49598] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
982 sicut ad formam sacramenti determinatus numerus dictionum
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diff changeset
983 requiritur, ita etiam requiritur determinatus ordo verborum, et
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diff changeset
984 etiam orationis continuitas. Si ergo additio vel subtractio non
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diff changeset
985 aufert sacramenti veritatem, videtur quod pari ratione nec
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diff changeset
986 transpositio verborum, aut etiam interpolatio pronuntiationis.</p>
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diff changeset
987 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 s. c."><a name="49599"><span class=
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diff changeset
988 "ref">[49599] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
989 quod in formis sacramentorum quaedam apponuntur a quibusdam quae ab
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990 aliis non ponuntur, sicut Latini baptizant sub hac forma, ego te
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diff changeset
991 baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti; Graeci autem
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diff changeset
992 sub ista, baptizatur servus Christi n. in nomine patris, et cetera.
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993 Et tamen utrique verum conferunt sacramentum. Ergo in formis
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diff changeset
994 sacramentorum licet aliquid addere vel minuere.</p>
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diff changeset
995 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 co."><a name="49600"><span class=
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diff changeset
996 "ref">[49600] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
997 dicendum quod circa omnes istas mutationes quae possunt in formis
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diff changeset
998 sacramentorum contingere, duo videntur esse consideranda. Unum
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diff changeset
999 quidem ex parte eius qui profert verba, cuius intentio requiritur
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diff changeset
1000 ad sacramentum, ut infra dicetur. Et ideo, si intendat per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 huiusmodi additionem vel diminutionem alium ritum inducere qui non
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diff changeset
1002 sit ab Ecclesia receptus, non videtur perfici sacramentum, quia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 videtur quod intendat facere id quod facit Ecclesia. Aliud autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 est considerandum ex parte significationis verborum. Cum enim verba
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diff changeset
1005 operentur in sacramentis quantum ad sensum quem faciunt, ut supra
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diff changeset
1006 dictum est, oportet considerare utrum per talem mutationem tollatur
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diff changeset
1007 debitus sensus verborum, quia sic manifestum est quod tollitur
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diff changeset
1008 veritas sacramenti. Manifestum est autem quod, si diminuatur
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diff changeset
1009 aliquid eorum quae sunt de substantia formae sacramentalis,
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diff changeset
1010 tollitur debitus sensus verborum, et ideo non perficitur
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diff changeset
1011 sacramentum. Unde Didymus dicit, in libro de spiritu sancto, <i>si
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diff changeset
1012 quis ita baptizare conetur ut unum de praedictis nominibus
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diff changeset
1013 praetermittat</i>, scilicet patris et filii et spiritus sancti,
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1014 <i>sine perfectione baptizabit</i>. Si autem subtrahatur aliquid
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1015 quod non sit de substantia formae, talis diminutio non tollit
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diff changeset
1016 debitum sensum verborum, et per consequens nec sacramenti
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diff changeset
1017 perfectionem. Sicut in forma Eucharistiae, quae est, hoc est enim
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diff changeset
1018 corpus meum, ly enim sublatum non tollit debitum sensum verborum,
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1019 et ideo non impedit perfectionem sacramenti, quamvis possit
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1020 contingere quod ille qui praetermittit, peccet ex negligentia vel
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1021 contemptu. Circa additionem etiam contingit aliquid apponi quod est
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diff changeset
1022 corruptivum debiti sensus, puta si aliquis dicat, <i>ego te baptizo
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diff changeset
1023 in nomine patris maioris et filii minoris</i>, sicut Ariani
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1024 baptizabant. Et ideo talis additio tollit veritatem sacramenti. Si
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1025 vero sit talis additio quae non auferat debitum sensum, non
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diff changeset
1026 tollitur sacramenti veritas. Nec refert utrum talis additio fiat in
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diff changeset
1027 principio, medio vel fine. Ut, si aliquis dicat, ego te baptizo in
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diff changeset
1028 nomine Dei patris omnipotentis, et filii eius unigeniti, et
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1029 spiritus sancti Paracleti, erit verum Baptisma. Et similiter, si
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diff changeset
1030 quis dicat, ego te baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
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diff changeset
1031 sancti, et beata virgo te adiuvet, erit verum Baptisma. Forte autem
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diff changeset
1032 si diceret, ego te baptizo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
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diff changeset
1033 sancti et beatae virginis Mariae, non esset Baptismus, quia dicitur
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diff changeset
1034 I Cor. I, <i>nunquid Paulus pro vobis crucifixus est? Aut in nomine
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diff changeset
1035 Pauli baptizati estis?</i> Sed hoc verum est si sic intelligatur in
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diff changeset
1036 nomine beatae virginis baptizari sicut in nomine Trinitatis, quo
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diff changeset
1037 Baptismus consecratur, talis enim sensus esset contrarius verae
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1038 fidei, et per consequens tolleret veritatem sacramenti. Si vero sic
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diff changeset
1039 intelligatur quod additur, et in nomine beatae virginis, non quasi
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diff changeset
1040 nomen beatae virginis aliquid operetur in Baptismo, sed ut eius
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diff changeset
1041 intercessio prosit baptizato ad conservandam gratiam baptismalem,
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diff changeset
1042 non tollitur perfectio sacramenti.</p>
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diff changeset
1043 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="49601"><span class=
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diff changeset
1044 "ref">[49601] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1045 dicendum quod verbis sacrae Scripturae non licet aliquid apponere
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diff changeset
1046 quantum ad sensum, sed quantum ad expositionem sacrae Scripturae,
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diff changeset
1047 multa verba eis a doctoribus apponuntur. Non tamen licet etiam
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diff changeset
1048 verba sacrae Scripturae apponere ita quod dicantur esse de
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diff changeset
1049 integritate sacrae Scripturae, quia hoc esset vitium falsitatis. Et
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1050 similiter si quis diceret aliquid esse de necessitate formae quod
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1051 non est.</p>
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diff changeset
1052 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="49602"><span class=
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diff changeset
1053 "ref">[49602] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1054 dicendum quod verba pertinent ad formam sacramenti ratione sensus
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diff changeset
1055 significati. Et ideo, quaecumque fiat additio vel subtractio vocum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 quae non addat aliquid aut subtrahat debito sensui, non tollitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 species sacramenti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 <p title="III q. 60 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="49603"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1059 "ref">[49603] III&ordf; q. 60 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1060 dicendum quod, si sit tanta interruptio verborum quod intercipiatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 intentio pronuntiantis, tollitur sensus sacramenti, et per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 consequens veritas eius. Non autem tollitur quando est parva
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1063 interruptio proferentis, quae intentionem et intellectum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 aufert. Et idem etiam dicendum est de transpositione verborum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 Quia, si tollit sensum locutionis, non perficitur sacramentum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1066 sicut patet de negatione praeposita vel postposita signo. Si autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1067 sit talis transpositio quae sensum locutionis non variat, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1068 tollitur veritas sacramenti, secundum quod philosophus dicit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1069 <i>nomina et verba transposita idem significant</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 <div class="D">Quaestio 61</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 <p title="III q. 61 pr."><a name="49604"><span class="ref">[49604]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 III&ordf; q. 61 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 necessitate sacramentorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 utrum sacramenta sint necessaria ad salutem humanam. Secundo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 fuerint necessaria in statu ante peccatum. Tertio, utrum fuerint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 necessaria in statu post peccatum ante Christum. Quarto, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1079 fuerint necessaria post Christi adventum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1080 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1081 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1082 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49605"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 "ref">[49605] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta non fuerint necessaria ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 humanam salutem. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Tim. IV, <i>corporalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 exercitatio ad modicum utilis est</i>. Sed usus sacramentorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 pertinet ad corporalem exercitationem, eo quod sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 perficiuntur in significatione sensibilium rerum et verborum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 dictum est. Ergo sacramenta non sunt necessaria ad humanam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 salutem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1091 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49606"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 "ref">[49606] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, II
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 Cor. XII, apostolo dicitur, <i>sufficit tibi gratia mea</i>. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 autem sufficeret si sacramenta essent necessaria ad salutem. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1095 sunt ergo sacramenta saluti humanae necessaria.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49607"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 "ref">[49607] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1098 posita causa sufficienti, nihil aliud videtur esse necessarium ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1099 effectum. Sed passio Christi est sufficiens causa nostrae salutis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom. V, <i>si, cum inimici essemus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 reconciliati sumus Deo per mortem filii eius, multo magis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1102 reconciliati, salvi erimus in vita ipsius</i>. Non ergo requiruntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1103 sacramenta ad salutem humanam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49608"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 "ref">[49608] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1106 quod Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., <i>in nullum nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 religionis, seu verum seu falsum, coadunari homines possunt, nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1108 aliquo signaculorum vel sacramentorum visibilium consortio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1109 colligentur</i>. Sed necessarium est ad humanam salutem homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1110 adunari in unum verae religionis nomen. Ergo sacramenta sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 necessaria ad humanam salutem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1112 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 co."><a name="49609"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1113 "ref">[49609] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1114 dicendum quod sacramenta sunt necessaria ad humanam salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1115 triplici ratione. Quarum prima sumenda est ex conditione humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1116 naturae, cuius proprium est ut per corporalia et sensibilia in
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diff changeset
1117 spiritualia et intelligibilia deducatur. Pertinet autem ad divinam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1118 providentiam ut unicuique rei provideat secundum modum suae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1119 conditionis. Et ideo convenienter divina sapientia homini auxilia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1120 salutis confert sub quibusdam corporalibus et sensibilibus signis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1121 quae sacramenta dicuntur. Secunda ratio sumenda est ex statu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1122 hominis, qui peccando se subdidit per affectum corporalibus rebus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1123 Ibi autem debet medicinale remedium homini adhiberi ubi patitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1124 morbum. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut Deus per quaedam corporalia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1125 signa hominibus spiritualem medicinam adhiberet, nam, si
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diff changeset
1126 spiritualia nuda ei proponerentur, eius animus applicari non
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diff changeset
1127 posset, corporalibus deditus. Tertia ratio sumenda est ex studio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1128 actionis humanae, quae praecipue circa corporalia versatur. Ne
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diff changeset
1129 igitur esset homini durum si totaliter a corporalibus actibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1130 abstraheretur, proposita sunt ei corporalia exercitia in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 sacramentis, quibus salubriter exerceretur, ad evitanda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 superstitiosa exercitia, quae consistunt in cultu Daemonum, vel
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diff changeset
1133 qualitercumque noxia, quae consistunt in actibus peccatorum. Sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 igitur per sacramentorum institutionem homo convenienter suae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1135 naturae eruditur per sensibilia; humiliatur, se corporalibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 subiectum recognoscens, dum sibi per corporalia subvenitur;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 praeservatur etiam a noxiis corporalibus per salubria exercitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 sacramentorum.</p>
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diff changeset
1139 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49610"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 "ref">[49610] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 dicendum quod corporalis exercitatio, inquantum est corporalis, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 multum utilis est. Sed exercitatio per usum sacramentorum non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 pure corporalis, sed quodammodo est spiritualis, scilicet per
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diff changeset
1144 significationem et causalitatem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49611"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 "ref">[49611] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1147 dicendum quod gratia Dei est sufficiens causa humanae salutis. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 Deus dat hominibus gratiam secundum modum eis convenientem. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 necessaria sunt hominibus sacramenta ad gratiam consequendam.</p>
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diff changeset
1150 <p title="III q. 61 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49612"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 "ref">[49612] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 dicendum quod passio Christi est causa sufficiens humanae salutis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 Nec propter hoc sequitur quod sacramenta non sint necessaria ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1154 humanam salutem, quia operantur in virtute passionis Christi, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 passio Christi quodammodo applicatur hominibus per sacramenta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 secundum illud apostoli, Rom. VI, <i>quicumque baptizati sumus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 Christo Iesu, in morte ipsius baptizati sumus</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1158 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49613"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 "ref">[49613] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ante peccatum fuerint homini
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diff changeset
1163 necessaria sacramenta. Quia, sicut dictum est, sacramenta sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 necessaria homini ad gratiam consequendam. Sed etiam in statu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 innocentiae homo indigebat gratia, sicut in prima parte habitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 est. Ergo etiam in statu illo erant necessaria sacramenta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49614"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 "ref">[49614] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 sacramenta sunt convenientia homini secundum conditione humanae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 naturae, sicut dictum est. Sed eadem est natura hominis ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 peccatum et post peccatum. Ergo videtur quod ante peccatum homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 indiguerit sacramentis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49615"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 "ref">[49615] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 matrimonium est quoddam sacramentum, secundum illud Ephes. V,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 <i>sacramentum hoc magnum est, ego autem dico in Christo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 Ecclesia</i>. Sed matrimonium fuit institutum ante peccatum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 dicitur Gen. II. Ergo sacramenta erant necessaria homini ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 peccatum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49616"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 "ref">[49616] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 quod medicina non est necessaria nisi aegroto, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1183 Matth. IX, <i>non est opus sanis medicus</i>. Sed sacramenta sunt
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diff changeset
1184 quaedam spirituales medicinae, quae adhibentur contra vulnera
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diff changeset
1185 peccati. Ergo non fuerunt necessaria ante peccatum.</p>
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diff changeset
1186 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 co."><a name="49617"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 "ref">[49617] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 dicendum quod in statu innocentiae sacramenta necessaria non
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diff changeset
1189 fuerunt. Cuius ratio accipi potest ex rectitudine status illius, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 quo superiora inferioribus dominabantur, et nullo modo dependebant
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diff changeset
1191 ab eis, sicut enim mens suberat Deo, ita menti suberant inferiores
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diff changeset
1192 animae vires, et ipsi animae corpus. Contra hunc autem ordinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 esset si anima perficeretur, vel quantum ad scientiam vel quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 ad gratiam, per aliquid corporale, quod fit in sacramentis. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1195 in statu innocentiae homo sacramentis non indigebat, non solum
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diff changeset
1196 inquantum sacramenta ordinantur in remedium peccati, sed etiam
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diff changeset
1197 inquantum ordinantur ad animae perfectionem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49618"><span class=
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diff changeset
1199 "ref">[49618] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 dicendum quod homo in statu innocentiae gratia indigebat, non tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 ut consequeretur gratiam per aliqua sensibilia signa, sed
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diff changeset
1202 spiritualiter et invisibiliter.</p>
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diff changeset
1203 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49619"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 "ref">[49619] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 dicendum quod eadem est natura hominis ante peccatum et post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 peccatum, non tamen est idem naturae status. Nam post peccatum
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diff changeset
1207 anima, etiam quantum ad superiorem partem, indiget accipere aliquid
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diff changeset
1208 a corporalibus rebus ad sui perfectionem quod in illo statu homini
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diff changeset
1209 necesse non erat.</p>
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diff changeset
1210 <p title="III q. 61 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49620"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 "ref">[49620] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1212 dicendum quod matrimonium fuit institutum in statu innocentiae, non
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diff changeset
1213 secundum quod est sacramentum, sed secundum quod est in officium
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diff changeset
1214 naturae. Ex consequenti tamen aliquid significabat futurum circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 Christum et Ecclesiam, sicut et omnia alia in figura Christi
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diff changeset
1216 praecesserunt.</p>
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diff changeset
1217 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49621"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 "ref">[49621] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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diff changeset
1221 proceditur. Videtur quod post peccatum, ante Christum, sacramenta
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diff changeset
1222 non debuerunt esse. Dictum est enim quod per sacramenta passio
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diff changeset
1223 Christi hominibus applicatur, et sic passio Christi comparatur ad
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diff changeset
1224 sacramenta sicut causa ad effectum. Sed effectus non praecedit
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diff changeset
1225 causam. Ergo sacramenta non debuerunt esse ante Christi
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diff changeset
1226 adventum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49622"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 "ref">[49622] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 sacramenta debent esse convenientia statui humani generis, ut patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 per Augustinum, XIX contra Faustum. Sed status humani generis non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 fuit mutatus post peccatum usque ad reparationem factam per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 Christum. Ergo nec sacramenta debuerunt immutari, ut, praeter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 sacramenta legis naturae, alia statuerentur in lege Moysi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49623"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 "ref">[49623] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 quanto magis est aliquid propinquum perfecto, tanto magis debet ei
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diff changeset
1237 assimilari. Sed perfectio salutis humanae per Christum facta est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 cui propinquiora fuerunt sacramenta veteris legis quam ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 fuerunt ante legem. Ergo debuerunt esse similiora sacramentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 Christi. Cuius tamen contrarium apparet, ex eo quod sacerdotium
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diff changeset
1241 Christi praedicitur esse futurum <i>secundum ordinem Melchisedech,
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diff changeset
1242 et non secundum ordinem Aaron</i>, ut habetur Heb. VII. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 convenienter fuerunt disposita ante Christum sacramenta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49624"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 "ref">[49624] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 quod Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., quod <i>prima sacramenta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 quae celebrabantur et observabantur ex lege, praenuntia erant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 Christi venturi</i>. Sed necessarium erat ad humanam salutem ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 adventus Christi praenuntiaretur. Ergo necessarium erat ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 Christum sacramenta quaedam disponi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 co."><a name="49625"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 "ref">[49625] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 dicendum quod sacramenta necessaria sunt ad humanam salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 inquantum sunt quaedam sensibilia signa invisibilium rerum quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 homo sanctificatur. Nullus autem sanctificari potest post peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 nisi per Christum, <i>quem proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 in sanguine ipsius, ad ostensionem iustitiae suae, ut sit ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 iustus et iustificans eum qui ex fide est Iesu Christi</i>. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 oportebat ante Christi adventum esse quaedam signa visibilia quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 homo fidem suam protestaretur de futuro salvatoris adventu. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 huiusmodi signa sacramenta dicuntur. Et sic patet quod ante Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 adventum necesse fuit quaedam sacramenta institui.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49626"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 "ref">[49626] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 dicendum quod passio Christi est causa finalis veterum
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diff changeset
1266 sacramentorum, quae scilicet ad ipsam significandam sunt instituta.
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diff changeset
1267 Causa autem finalis non praecedit tempore, sed solum in intentione
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diff changeset
1268 agentis. Et ideo non est inconveniens aliqua sacramenta ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 Christi passionem fuisse.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49627"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 "ref">[49627] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 dicendum quod status humani generis post peccatum et ante Christum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 dupliciter potest considerari. Uno modo, secundum fidei rationem.
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diff changeset
1274 Et sic semper unus et idem permansit, quia scilicet iustificabantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 homines per fidem futuri Christi adventus. Alio modo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 considerari secundum intensionem et remissionem peccati, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 expressae cognitionis de Christo. Nam per incrementa temporum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 peccatum coepit in homine magis dominari, in tantum quod, ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 hominis per peccatum obtenebrata, non sufficerent homini ad recte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 vivendum praecepta legis naturae, sed necesse fuit determinari
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diff changeset
1281 praecepta in lege scripta; et cum his quaedam fidei sacramenta.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 Oportebat etiam ut per incrementa temporum magis explicaretur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 cognitio fidei, quia, ut Gregorius dicit, <i>per incrementa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 temporum crevit divinae cognitionis augmentum</i>. Et ideo etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 necesse fuit quod in veteri lege etiam quaedam sacramenta fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 quam habebant de Christo venturo, determinarentur quae quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 comparantur ad sacramenta quae fuerunt ante legem sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 determinatum ad indeterminatum; quia scilicet ante legem non fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 determinate praefixum homini quibus sacramentis uteretur, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 fuit per legem. Quod erat necessarium et propter obtenebrationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 legis naturalis; et ut esset determinatior fidei significatio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 <p title="III q. 61 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49628"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 "ref">[49628] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1294 dicendum quod sacramentum Melchisedech, quod fuit ante legem, magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 assimilatur sacramento novae legis in materia, inquantum scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 obtulit panem et vinum, ut habetur Gen. XIV, sicut etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 sacrificium novi testamenti oblatione panis et vini perficitur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 Sacramenta tamen legis Mosaicae magis assimilantur rei significatae
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diff changeset
1299 per sacramentum, scilicet passioni Christi, ut patet de agno
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diff changeset
1300 paschali et aliis huiusmodi. Et hoc ideo ne, propter continuitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 temporis, si permaneret eadem sacramentorum species, videretur esse
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diff changeset
1302 sacramenti eiusdem continuatio.</p>
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diff changeset
1303 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49629"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 "ref">[49629] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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diff changeset
1307 proceditur. Videtur quod post Christum non debuerint esse aliqua
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diff changeset
1308 sacramenta. Veniente enim veritate, debet cessare figura. Sed
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diff changeset
1309 <i>gratia et veritas per Iesum Christum facta est</i>, ut dicitur
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diff changeset
1310 Ioan. I. Cum igitur sacramenta sint veritatis signa sive figurae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 videtur quod post Christi passionem sacramenta esse non
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diff changeset
1312 debuerint.</p>
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diff changeset
1313 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49630"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 "ref">[49630] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 sacramenta in quibusdam elementis consistunt, ut ex supra dictis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 patet. Sed apostolus dicit, Galat. IV, quod, <i>cum essemus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 parvuli, sub elementis mundi eramus servientes</i>, nunc autem,
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diff changeset
1318 temporis plenitudine veniente, iam non sumus parvuli. Ergo videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 quod non debeamus Deo servire sub elementis huius mundi,
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diff changeset
1320 corporalibus sacramentis utendo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49631"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 "ref">[49631] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 <i>apud Deum non est transmutatio nec vicissitudinis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 obumbratio</i>, ut dicitur Iac. I. Sed hoc videtur ad quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 mutationem divinae voluntatis pertinere, quod alia sacramenta nunc
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diff changeset
1326 exhibeat hominibus ad sanctificationem tempore gratiae, et alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 ante Christum. Ergo videtur quod post Christum non debuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 institui alia sacramenta.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49632"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 "ref">[49632] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 quod Augustinus dicit, contra Faust. XIX, quod sacramenta veteris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 legis <i>sunt ablata, quia impleta, et alia sunt instituta virtute
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diff changeset
1333 maiora, utilitate meliora, actu faciliora, numero pauciora</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 co."><a name="49633"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 "ref">[49633] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 dicendum quod, sicut antiqui patres salvati sunt per fidem Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 venturi, ita et nos salvamur per fidem Christi iam nati et passi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 Sunt autem sacramenta quaedam signa protestantia fidem qua homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 iustificatur. Oportet autem aliis signis significari futura,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 praeterita seu praesentia, ut enim Augustinus dicit, XIX contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 Faust., <i>eadem res aliter annuntiatur facienda, aliter facta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 sicut ipsa verba passurus et passus non similiter sonant</i>. Et
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diff changeset
1343 ideo oportet quaedam alia sacramenta in nova lege esse, quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 significentur ea quae praecesserunt in Christo, praeter sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 veteris legis, quibus praenuntiabantur futura.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49634"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 "ref">[49634] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 dicendum quod, sicut Dionysius dicit, in V cap. Eccl. Hier., status
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 novae legis medius est inter statum veteris legis, cuius figurae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 implentur in nova lege; et inter statum gloriae, in qua omnis nude
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 et perfecte manifestabitur veritas. Et ideo tunc nulla erunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 sacramenta. Nunc autem, quandiu per speculum in aenigmate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 cognoscimus, ut dicitur I Cor. XIII, oportet nos per aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 sensibilia signa in spiritualia devenire. Quod pertinet ad rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 sacramentorum.</p>
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diff changeset
1356 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49635"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 "ref">[49635] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 dicendum quod sacramenta veteris legis apostolus vocat egena et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 infirma elementa, quia gratiam nec continebant, nec causabant. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 ideo utentes illis sacramentis dicit apostolus sub elementis mundi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 Deo servisse, quia scilicet nihil erant aliud quam elementa huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 mundi. Nostra autem sacramenta gratiam continent et causant. Et
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diff changeset
1363 ideo non est de eis similis ratio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 <p title="III q. 61 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49636"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 "ref">[49636] III&ordf; q. 61 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 dicendum quod, sicut paterfamilias non ex hoc habere monstratur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 mutabilem voluntatem quod diversa praecepta familiae suae proponit
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diff changeset
1368 pro temporum varietate, non eadem praecipiens hieme et aestate; ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 non ostenditur aliqua mutatio esse circa Deum ex hoc quod alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 sacramenta instituit post Christi adventum, et alia tempore legis;
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diff changeset
1371 quia illa fuerunt congrua gratiae praefigurandae, haec autem sunt
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diff changeset
1372 congrua gratiae praesentialiter demonstrandae.</p>
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diff changeset
1373 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 <div class="D">Quaestio 62</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 <p title="III q. 62 pr."><a name="49637"><span class="ref">[49637]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 III&ordf; q. 62 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de effectu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 sacramentorum. Et primo, de effectu eius principali, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 gratia; secundo de effectu secundario, qui est character. Circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum sacramenta novae legis sint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 causa gratiae. Secundo, utrum gratia sacramentalis aliquid addat
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diff changeset
1382 super gratiam virtutum et donorum. Tertio, utrum sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 contineant gratiam. Quarto, utrum sit in eis aliqua virtus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 causandum gratiam. Quinto, utrum talis virtus in sacramentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 derivetur a passione Christi. Sexto, utrum sacramenta veteris legis
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diff changeset
1386 gratiam causarent.</p>
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diff changeset
1387 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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diff changeset
1389 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49638"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 "ref">[49638] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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diff changeset
1391 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta non sint causa gratiae. Non
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diff changeset
1392 enim idem videtur esse signum et causa, eo quod ratio signi videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 magis effectui competere. Sed sacramentum est signum gratiae. Non
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diff changeset
1394 igitur est causa eius.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49639"><span class=
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diff changeset
1396 "ref">[49639] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1397 nullum corporale agere potest in rem spiritualem, eo quod agens est
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diff changeset
1398 honorabilius patiente, ut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt.
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diff changeset
1399 Sed subiectum gratiae est mens hominis, quae est res spiritualis.
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diff changeset
1400 Non ergo sacramenta possunt gratiam causare.</p>
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diff changeset
1401 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49640"><span class=
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diff changeset
1402 "ref">[49640] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1403 illud quod est proprium Dei, non debet alicui creaturae attribui.
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diff changeset
1404 Sed causare gratiam est proprium Dei, secundum illud Psalmi,
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diff changeset
1405 <i>gratiam et gloriam dabit dominus</i>. Cum ergo sacramenta
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diff changeset
1406 consistant in quibusdam verbis et rebus creatis, non videtur quod
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diff changeset
1407 possint gratiam causare.</p>
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diff changeset
1408 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49641"><span class=
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diff changeset
1409 "ref">[49641] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1410 quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod aqua baptismalis corpus
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diff changeset
1411 tangit et cor abluit. Sed cor non abluitur nisi per gratiam. Ergo
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diff changeset
1412 causat gratiam, et pari ratione alia Ecclesiae sacramenta.</p>
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diff changeset
1413 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 co."><a name="49642"><span class=
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diff changeset
1414 "ref">[49642] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1415 dicendum quod necesse est dicere sacramenta novae legis per aliquem
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diff changeset
1416 modum gratiam causare. Manifestum est enim quod per sacramenta
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diff changeset
1417 novae legis homo Christo incorporatur, sicut de Baptismo dicit
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diff changeset
1418 apostolus, Galat. III, <i>quotquot in Christo baptizati estis,
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diff changeset
1419 Christum induistis</i>. Non autem efficitur homo membrum Christi
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diff changeset
1420 nisi per gratiam. Quidam tamen dicunt quod non sunt causa gratiae
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diff changeset
1421 aliquid operando, sed quia Deus, sacramentis adhibitis, in anima
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diff changeset
1422 gratiam operatur. Et ponunt exemplum de illo qui, afferens denarium
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diff changeset
1423 plumbeum, accipit centum libras ex regis ordinatione, non quod
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diff changeset
1424 denarius ille aliquid operetur ad habendum praedictae pecuniae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 quantitatem; sed hoc operatur sola voluntas regis. Unde et
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diff changeset
1426 Bernardus dicit, in quodam sermone in cena domini, <i>sicut
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diff changeset
1427 investitur canonicus per librum, abbas per baculum, episcopus per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 anulum, sic divisiones gratiarum diversae sunt traditae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 sacramentis</i>. Sed si quis recte consideret, iste modus non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 transcendit rationem signi. Nam denarius plumbeus non est nisi
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diff changeset
1431 quoddam signum regiae ordinationis de hoc quod pecunia recipiatur
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diff changeset
1432 ab isto. Similiter liber est quoddam signum quo designatur traditio
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diff changeset
1433 canonicatus. Secundum hoc igitur sacramenta novae legis nihil plus
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diff changeset
1434 essent quam signa gratiae, cum tamen ex multis sanctorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 auctoritatibus habeatur quod sacramenta novae legis non solum
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diff changeset
1436 significant, sed causant gratiam. Et ideo aliter dicendum, quod
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diff changeset
1437 duplex est causa agens, principalis et instrumentalis. Principalis
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diff changeset
1438 quidem operatur per virtutem suae formae, cui assimilatur effectus,
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diff changeset
1439 sicut ignis suo calore calefacit. Et hoc modo non potest causare
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diff changeset
1440 gratiam nisi Deus, quia gratia nihil est aliud quam quaedam
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diff changeset
1441 participata similitudo divinae naturae, secundum illud II Pet. I,
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diff changeset
1442 <i>magna nobis et pretiosa promissa donavit, ut divinae simus
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diff changeset
1443 consortes naturae</i>. Causa vero instrumentalis non agit per
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diff changeset
1444 virtutem suae formae, sed solum per motum quo movetur a principali
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diff changeset
1445 agente. Unde effectus non assimilatur instrumento, sed principali
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diff changeset
1446 agenti, sicut lectus non assimilatur securi, sed arti quae est in
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diff changeset
1447 mente artificis. Et hoc modo sacramenta novae legis gratiam
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diff changeset
1448 causant, adhibentur enim ex divina ordinatione ad gratiam in eis
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diff changeset
1449 causandam. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faust., haec omnia,
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diff changeset
1450 scilicet sacramentalia, fiunt et transeunt, virtus tamen, scilicet
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diff changeset
1451 Dei, quae per ista operatur, iugiter manet. Hoc autem proprie
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diff changeset
1452 dicitur instrumentum, per quod aliquis operatur. Unde et Tit. III
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diff changeset
1453 dicitur, <i>salvos nos fecit per lavacrum regenerationis</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1454 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49643"><span class=
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diff changeset
1455 "ref">[49643] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1456 dicendum quod causa principalis non proprie potest dici signum
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diff changeset
1457 effectus, licet occulti, etiam si ipsa sit sensibilis et manifesta.
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diff changeset
1458 Sed causa instrumentalis, si sit manifesta, potest dici signum
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diff changeset
1459 effectus occulti, eo quod non solum est causa, sed quodammodo
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diff changeset
1460 effectus, inquantum movetur a principali agente. Et secundum hoc,
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diff changeset
1461 sacramenta novae legis simul sunt causa et signa. Et inde est quod,
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diff changeset
1462 sicut communiter dicitur, efficiunt quod figurant. Ex quo etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 patet quod habent perfecte rationem sacramenti, inquantum
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diff changeset
1464 ordinantur ad aliquid sacrum non solum per modum signi, sed etiam
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diff changeset
1465 per modum causae.</p>
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diff changeset
1466 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49644"><span class=
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diff changeset
1467 "ref">[49644] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1468 dicendum quod instrumentum habet duas actiones, unam
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diff changeset
1469 instrumentalem, secundum quam operatur non in virtute propria, sed
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diff changeset
1470 in virtute principalis agentis; aliam autem habet actionem
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diff changeset
1471 propriam, quae competit sibi secundum propriam formam; sicut securi
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diff changeset
1472 competit scindere ratione suae acuitatis, facere autem lectum
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diff changeset
1473 inquantum est instrumentum artis. Non autem perficit actionem
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diff changeset
1474 instrumentalem nisi exercendo actionem propriam; scindendo enim
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diff changeset
1475 facit lectum. Et similiter sacramenta corporalia per propriam
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diff changeset
1476 operationem quam exercent circa corpus, quod tangunt, efficiunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 operationem instrumentalem ex virtute divina circa animam, sicut
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diff changeset
1478 aqua Baptismi, abluendo corpus secundum propriam virtutem, abluit
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diff changeset
1479 animam inquantum est instrumentum virtutis divinae; nam ex anima et
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diff changeset
1480 corpore unum fit. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, quod corpus
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diff changeset
1481 tangit et cor abluit.</p>
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diff changeset
1482 <p title="III q. 62 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49645"><span class=
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diff changeset
1483 "ref">[49645] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1484 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de eo quod est causa gratiae per
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diff changeset
1485 modum principalis agentis, hoc enim est proprium Dei, ut dictum
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diff changeset
1486 est.</p>
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diff changeset
1487 <br />
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diff changeset
1488 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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diff changeset
1489 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49646"><span class=
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diff changeset
1490 "ref">[49646] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1491 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gratia sacramentalis non addat aliquid
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diff changeset
1492 supra gratiam virtutum et donorum. Per gratiam enim virtutum et
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diff changeset
1493 donorum perficitur anima sufficienter et quantum ad essentiam
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diff changeset
1494 animae, et quantum ad eius potentias, ut patet ex his quae in
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diff changeset
1495 secunda parte dicta sunt. Sed gratia ordinatur ad animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 perfectionem. Ergo gratia sacramentalis non potest aliquid addere
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diff changeset
1497 super gratiam virtutum et donorum.</p>
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diff changeset
1498 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49647"><span class=
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diff changeset
1499 "ref">[49647] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1500 defectus animae ex peccatis causantur. Sed omnia peccata
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diff changeset
1501 sufficienter excluduntur per gratiam virtutum et donorum, quia
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diff changeset
1502 nullum est peccatum quod non contrarietur alicui virtuti. Gratia
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diff changeset
1503 ergo sacramentalis, cum ordinetur ad defectus animae tollendos, non
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diff changeset
1504 potest aliquid addere super gratiam virtutum et donorum.</p>
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diff changeset
1505 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49648"><span class=
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diff changeset
1506 "ref">[49648] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1507 omnis additio vel subtractio in formis variat speciem, ut dicitur
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diff changeset
1508 in VIII Metaphys. Si igitur gratia sacramentalis addat aliquid
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diff changeset
1509 super gratiam virtutum et donorum, sequitur quod aequivoce dicatur
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diff changeset
1510 gratia. Et sic nihil certum ostenditur ex hoc quod sacramenta
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diff changeset
1511 dicuntur gratiam causare.</p>
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diff changeset
1512 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49649"><span class=
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diff changeset
1513 "ref">[49649] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1514 quod, si gratia sacramentalis non addit aliquid super gratiam
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diff changeset
1515 donorum et virtutum, frustra sacramenta habentibus et dona et
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diff changeset
1516 virtutes conferrentur. In operibus autem Dei nihil est frustra.
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diff changeset
1517 Ergo videtur quod gratia sacramentalis aliquid addat super gratiam
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diff changeset
1518 virtutum et donorum.</p>
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diff changeset
1519 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 co."><a name="49650"><span class=
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diff changeset
1520 "ref">[49650] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1521 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte dictum est, gratia, secundum
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diff changeset
1522 se considerata, perficit essentiam animae, inquantum participat
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diff changeset
1523 quandam similitudinem divini esse. Et sicut ab essentia animae
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diff changeset
1524 fluunt eius potentiae, ita a gratia fluunt quaedam perfectiones ad
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diff changeset
1525 potentias animae, quae dicuntur virtutes et dona, quibus potentiae
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diff changeset
1526 perficiuntur in ordine ad suos actus. Ordinantur autem sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 ad quosdam speciales effectus necessarios in vita Christiana, sicut
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diff changeset
1528 Baptismus ordinatur ad quandam spiritualem regenerationem, qua homo
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diff changeset
1529 moritur vitiis et fit membrum Christi; qui quidem effectus est
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diff changeset
1530 aliquid speciale praeter actus potentiarum animae. Et eadem ratio
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diff changeset
1531 est in aliis sacramentis. Sicut igitur virtutes et dona addunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 super gratiam communiter dictam quandam perfectionem determinate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 ordinatam ad proprios actus potentiarum, ita gratia sacramentalis
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diff changeset
1534 addit super gratiam communiter dictam, et super virtutes et dona,
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diff changeset
1535 quoddam divinum auxilium ad consequendum sacramenti finem. Et per
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diff changeset
1536 hunc modum gratia sacramentalis addit super gratiam virtutum et
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diff changeset
1537 donorum.</p>
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diff changeset
1538 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49651"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 "ref">[49651] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1540 dicendum quod gratia virtutum et donorum sufficienter perficit
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diff changeset
1541 essentiam et potentias animae quantum ad generalem ordinationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 actuum. Sed quantum ad quosdam effectus speciales qui requiruntur
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diff changeset
1543 in Christiana vita, requiritur sacramentalis gratia.</p>
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diff changeset
1544 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49652"><span class=
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diff changeset
1545 "ref">[49652] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1546 dicendum quod per virtutes et dona sufficienter excluduntur vitia
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diff changeset
1547 et peccata quantum ad praesens et futurum, inquantum scilicet
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diff changeset
1548 impeditur homo per virtutes et dona a peccando. Sed quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 praeterita peccata, quae transeunt actu et permanent reatu,
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diff changeset
1550 adhibetur homini remedium specialiter per sacramenta.</p>
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diff changeset
1551 <p title="III q. 62 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49653"><span class=
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diff changeset
1552 "ref">[49653] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1553 dicendum quod ratio sacramentalis gratiae se habet ad gratiam
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diff changeset
1554 communiter dictam sicut ratio speciei ad genus. Unde, sicut non
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diff changeset
1555 aequivoce dicitur animal communiter dictum et pro homine sumptum,
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diff changeset
1556 ita non aequivoce dicitur gratia communiter sumpta et gratia
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diff changeset
1557 sacramentalis.</p>
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diff changeset
1558 <br />
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diff changeset
1559 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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diff changeset
1560 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49654"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 "ref">[49654] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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diff changeset
1562 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta novae legis non contineant
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diff changeset
1563 gratiam. Contentum enim videtur esse in continente. Sed gratia non
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diff changeset
1564 est in sacramento, neque sicut in subiecto, quia subiectum gratiae
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diff changeset
1565 non est corpus sed spiritus; neque sicut in vase, quia vas est
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diff changeset
1566 locus mobilis, ut dicitur in IV Physic., esse autem in loco non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 convenit accidenti. Ergo videtur quod sacramenta novae legis non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 contineant gratiam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49655"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 "ref">[49655] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 sacramenta ordinantur ad hoc quod homines per ea gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 consequantur. Sed gratia, cum sit accidens, non potest transire de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 subiecto in subiectum. Ergo pro nihilo esset gratia in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 sacramentis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49656"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 "ref">[49656] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 spirituale non continetur a corporali, etiam si in eo sit, non enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 anima continetur a corpore, sed potius continet corpus. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 videtur quod gratia, cum sit quoddam spirituale, non contineatur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 sacramento corporali.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49657"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 "ref">[49657] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 quod Hugo de sancto Victore dicit, quod <i>sacramentum ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 sanctificatione invisibilem gratiam continet</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 co."><a name="49658"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 "ref">[49658] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 dicendum quod multipliciter dicitur aliquid esse in alio, inter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 quos duplici modo gratia est in sacramentis. Uno modo, sicut in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 signis, nam sacramentum est signum gratiae. Alio modo, sicut in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 causa. Nam, sicut dictum est, sacramentum novae legis est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 instrumentalis gratiae causa. Unde gratia est in sacramento novae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 legis, non quidem secundum similitudinem speciei, sicut effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 est in causa univoca; neque etiam secundum aliquam formam propriam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 et permanentem proportionatam ad talem effectum, sicut sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 effectus in causis non univocis, puta res generatae in sole; sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 secundum quandam instrumentalem virtutem, quae est fluens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 incompleta in esse naturae, ut infra dicetur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49659"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 "ref">[49659] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 dicendum quod gratia non dicitur esse in sacramento sicut in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 subiecto; neque sicut in vase prout vas est locus quidam, sed prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 vas dicitur instrumentum alicuius operis faciendi, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 dicitur Ezech. IX, <i>unusquisque vas interfectionis habet in manu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 sua</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49660"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 "ref">[49660] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 dicendum quod, quamvis accidens non transeat a subiecto in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 subiectum, transit tamen a causa per instrumentum aliqualiter in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 subiectum, non ut eodem modo sit in eis, sed in unoquoque secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 propriam rationem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 <p title="III q. 62 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49661"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 "ref">[49661] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 dicendum quod spirituale existens perfecte in aliquo, continet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 ipsum, et non continetur ab eo. Sed gratia est in sacramento
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 secundum esse fluens et incompletum. Et ideo non inconvenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 sacramentum dicitur gratiam continere.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49662"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 "ref">[49662] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 proceditur. Videtur quod in sacramentis non sit aliqua virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 gratiae causativa. Virtus enim gratiae causativa est virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 spiritualis. Sed in corpore non potest esse virtus spiritualis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 neque ita quod sit propria ei, quia virtus fluit ab essentia rei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 et ita non potest eam transcendere; neque ita quod recipiat eam ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 alio, quia quod recipitur ab aliquo, est in eo per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 recipientis. Ergo in sacramentis non potest esse aliqua virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 gratiae causativa.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49663"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 "ref">[49663] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 omne quod est, reducitur ad aliquod genus entis, et ad aliquem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 gradum boni. Sed non est dare in quo genere entis sit talis virtus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 ut patet discurrenti per singula. Nec etiam potest reduci ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 aliquem gradum bonorum, neque enim est inter minima bona, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 sacramenta sunt de necessitate salutis; neque etiam inter media
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 bona, cuiusmodi sunt potentiae animae, quae sunt quaedam potentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 naturales; neque inter maxima bona, quia nec est gratia nec virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 mentis. Ergo videtur quod in sacramentis nulla sit virtus gratiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 causativa.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49664"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 "ref">[49664] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 talis virtus est in sacramentis, non causatur in eis nisi per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 creationem a Deo. Sed inconveniens videtur quod tam nobilis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 creatura statim esse desinat sacramento perfecto. Ergo videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 nulla virtus sit in sacramentis ad gratiam causandam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="49665"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 "ref">[49665] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 idem non potest esse in diversis. Sed ad sacramenta concurrunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 diversa, scilicet verba et res, unius autem sacramenti non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 esse nisi una virtus. Ergo videtur quod in sacramentis nulla sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49666"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 "ref">[49666] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>quae tanta vis aquae ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 corpus tangat et cor abluat?</i> Et Beda dicit quod <i>dominus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 tactu suae mundissimae carnis vim regenerativam contulit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 aquis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 co."><a name="49667"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 "ref">[49667] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 dicendum quod illi qui ponunt quod sacramenta non causant gratiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 nisi per quandam concomitantiam, ponunt quod in sacramento non sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 aliqua virtus quae operetur ad sacramenti effectum, est tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 virtus divina sacramento coassistens, quae sacramentalem effectum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 operatur. Sed ponendo quod sacramentum est instrumentalis causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 gratiae, necesse est simul ponere quod in sacramento sit quaedam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 virtus instrumentalis ad inducendum sacramentalem effectum. Et haec
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 quidem virtus proportionatur instrumento. Unde comparatur ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 virtutem absolutam et perfectam alicuius rei sicut comparatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 instrumentum ad agens principale. Instrumentum enim, ut dictum est,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 non operatur nisi inquantum est motum a principali agente, quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 se operatur. Et ideo virtus principalis agentis habet permanens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 completum esse in natura, virtus autem instrumentalis habet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 transiens ex uno in aliud, et incompletum; sicut et motus est actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 imperfectus ab agente in patiens.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49668"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 "ref">[49668] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 dicendum quod virtus spiritualis non potest esse in re corporea per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 modum virtutis permanentis et completae, sicut ratio probat. Nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 tamen prohibet in corpore esse virtutem spiritualem instrumentalem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 inquantum scilicet corpus potest moveri ab aliqua substantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 spirituali ad aliquem effectum spiritualem inducendum; sicut etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 in ipsa voce sensibili est quaedam vis spiritualis ad excitandum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 intellectum hominis, inquantum procedit a conceptione mentis. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 hoc modo vis spiritualis est in sacramentis, inquantum ordinantur a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 Deo ad effectum spiritualem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49669"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 "ref">[49669] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 dicendum quod, sicut motus, eo quod est actus imperfectus, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 proprie est in aliquo genere, sed reducitur ad genus actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 perfecti, sicut alteratio ad qualitatem, ita virtus instrumentalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 non est, proprie loquendo, in aliquo genere, sed reducitur ad genus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 et speciem virtutis perfectae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49670"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 "ref">[49670] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 dicendum quod, sicut virtus instrumentalis acquiritur instrumento
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 ex hoc ipso quod movetur ab agente principali, ita et sacramentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 consequitur spiritualem virtutem ex benedictione Christi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 applicatione ministri ad usum sacramenti. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 quodam sermone de Epiphania, <i>nec mirum quod aquam, hoc est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 substantiam corporalem, ad purificandam animam dicimus pervenire.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 Pervenit plane, et penetrat conscientiae universa latibula. Quamvis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 enim ipsa sit subtilis et tenuis, benedictione tamen Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 subtilior, occultas vitae causas ad secreta mentis subtili rore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 pertransit</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 <p title="III q. 62 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="49671"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 "ref">[49671] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 dicendum quod, sicut eadem vis principalis agentis instrumentaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 invenitur in omnibus instrumentis ordinatis ad effectum, prout sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 quodam ordine unum; ita etiam eadem vis sacramentalis invenitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 verbis et rebus, prout ex verbis et rebus perficitur unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 sacramentum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49672"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 "ref">[49672] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta novae legis non habeant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 virtutem ex passione Christi. Virtus enim sacramentorum est ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 gratiam causandam in anima, per quam spiritualiter vivit. Sed,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>verbum prout erat in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 principio apud Deum, vivificat animas, secundum autem quod est caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 factum, vivificat corpora</i>. Cum igitur passio Christi pertineat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 ad verbum secundum quod est caro factum, videtur quod non possit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 causare virtutem sacramentorum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49673"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 "ref">[49673] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 virtus sacramentorum videtur ex fide dependere, quia, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., verbum Dei perficit sacramentum, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 quia dicitur, sed quia creditur. Sed fides nostra non solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 respicit passionem Christi, sed etiam alia mysteria humanitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 ipsius, et principalius etiam divinitatem eius. Ergo videtur quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 sacramenta non habeant specialiter virtutem a passione Christi.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49674"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 "ref">[49674] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 sacramenta ordinantur ad hominum iustificationem, secundum illud I
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 Cor. VI, <i>abluti estis, et iustificati estis</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 iustificatio attribuitur resurrectioni, secundum illud Rom. IV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 <i>resurrexit propter iustificationem nostram</i>. Ergo videtur
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diff changeset
1738 quod sacramenta magis habeant virtutem a resurrectione Christi quam
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diff changeset
1739 ab eius passione.</p>
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diff changeset
1740 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49675"><span class=
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diff changeset
1741 "ref">[49675] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1742 quod, super illud Rom. V, <i>in similitudinem praevaricationis
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diff changeset
1743 Adae</i> etc., dicit Glossa, <i>ex latere Christi dormientis
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diff changeset
1744 fluxerunt sacramenta, per quae salvata est Ecclesia</i>. Sic ergo
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diff changeset
1745 videntur sacramenta virtutem habere ex passione Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
1746 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 co."><a name="49676"><span class=
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diff changeset
1747 "ref">[49676] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1748 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, sacramentum operatur ad gratiam
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diff changeset
1749 causandam per modum instrumenti. Est autem duplex instrumentum,
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diff changeset
1750 unum quidem separatum, ut baculus; aliud autem coniunctum, ut
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diff changeset
1751 manus. Per instrumentum autem coniunctum movetur instrumentum
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diff changeset
1752 separatum, sicut baculus per manum. Principalis autem causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 efficiens gratiae est ipse Deus, ad quem comparatur humanitas
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diff changeset
1754 Christi sicut instrumentum coniunctum, sacramentum autem sicut
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diff changeset
1755 instrumentum separatum. Et ideo oportet quod virtus salutifera
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diff changeset
1756 derivetur a divinitate Christi per eius humanitatem in ipsa
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diff changeset
1757 sacramenta. Gratia autem sacramentalis ad duo praecipue ordinari
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diff changeset
1758 videtur, videlicet ad tollendos defectus praeteritorum peccatorum,
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diff changeset
1759 inquantum transeunt actu et remanent reatu; et iterum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 perficiendum animam in his quae pertinent ad cultum Dei secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 religionem Christianae vitae. Manifestum est autem ex his quae
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diff changeset
1762 supra dicta sunt, quod Christus liberavit nos a peccatis nostris
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diff changeset
1763 praecipue per suam passionem, non solum efficienter et meritorie,
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diff changeset
1764 sed etiam satisfactorie. Similiter etiam per suam passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 initiavit ritum Christianae religionis, <i>offerens seipsum
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diff changeset
1766 oblationem et hostiam Deo</i>, ut dicitur Ephes. V. Unde manifestum
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diff changeset
1767 est quod sacramenta Ecclesiae specialiter habent virtutem ex
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diff changeset
1768 passione Christi, cuius virtus quodammodo nobis copulatur per
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diff changeset
1769 susceptionem sacramentorum. In cuius signum, de latere Christi
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diff changeset
1770 pendentis in cruce fluxerunt aqua et sanguis, quorum unum pertinet
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diff changeset
1771 ad Baptismum, aliud ad Eucharistiam, quae sunt potissima
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diff changeset
1772 sacramenta.</p>
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diff changeset
1773 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49677"><span class=
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diff changeset
1774 "ref">[49677] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1775 dicendum quod verbum prout erat in principio apud Deum, vivificat
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diff changeset
1776 animas sicut agens principale, caro tamen eius, et mysteria in ea
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diff changeset
1777 perpetrata, operantur instrumentaliter ad animae vitam. Ad vitam
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diff changeset
1778 autem corporis non solum instrumentaliter, sed etiam per quandam
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diff changeset
1779 exemplaritatem, ut supra dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
1780 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49678"><span class=
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diff changeset
1781 "ref">[49678] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1782 dicendum quod per fidem Christus habitat in nobis, ut dicitur
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diff changeset
1783 Ephes. III. Et ideo virtus Christi copulatur nobis per fidem.
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diff changeset
1784 Virtus autem remissiva peccatorum speciali quodam modo pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1785 passionem ipsius. Et ideo per fidem passionis eius specialiter
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diff changeset
1786 homines liberantur a peccatis, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>quem
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diff changeset
1787 proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>. Et
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diff changeset
1788 ideo virtus sacramentorum, quae ordinatur ad tollendum peccata,
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diff changeset
1789 praecipue est ex fide passionis Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
1790 <p title="III q. 62 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49679"><span class=
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diff changeset
1791 "ref">[49679] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1792 dicendum quod iustificatio attribuitur resurrectioni ratione
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diff changeset
1793 termini ad quem, qui est novitas vitae per gratiam. Attribuitur
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diff changeset
1794 tamen passioni ratione termini a quo, scilicet quantum ad
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diff changeset
1795 dimissionem culpae.</p>
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diff changeset
1796 <br />
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diff changeset
1797 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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diff changeset
1798 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49680"><span class=
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diff changeset
1799 "ref">[49680] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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diff changeset
1800 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta veteris legis gratiam
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diff changeset
1801 causarent. Quia sicut dictum est, sacramenta novae legis habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 efficaciam ex fide passionis Christi. Sed fides passionis Christi
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diff changeset
1803 fuit in veteri lege, sicut et in nova, <i>habemus enim eundem
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diff changeset
1804 spiritum fidei</i>, ut habetur II Cor. IV. Sicut ergo sacramenta
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diff changeset
1805 novae legis conferunt gratiam, ita etiam sacramenta veteris legis
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diff changeset
1806 gratiam conferebant.</p>
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diff changeset
1807 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49681"><span class=
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diff changeset
1808 "ref">[49681] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1809 sanctificatio non fit nisi per gratiam. Sed per sacramenta veteris
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diff changeset
1810 legis homines sanctificabantur, dicitur enim Levit. VIII, cumque
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diff changeset
1811 sanctificasset eos, Moyses scilicet Aaron et filios eius, in
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diff changeset
1812 vestitu suo, et cetera. Ergo videtur quod sacramenta veteris legis
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diff changeset
1813 gratiam conferebant.</p>
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diff changeset
1814 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49682"><span class=
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diff changeset
1815 "ref">[49682] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1816 Beda dicit, in homilia circumcisionis, <i>idem salutiferae
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diff changeset
1817 curationis auxilium circumcisio in lege contra originalis peccati
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diff changeset
1818 vulnus agebat quod Baptismus agere revelatae tempore gratiae
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diff changeset
1819 consuevit</i>. Sed Baptismus nunc confert gratiam. Ergo circumcisio
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diff changeset
1820 gratiam conferebat. Et pari ratione alia sacramenta legalia, quia
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diff changeset
1821 sicut Baptismus est ianua sacramentorum novae legis, ita
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diff changeset
1822 circumcisio erat ianua sacramentorum veteris legis; propter quod
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diff changeset
1823 apostolus dicit, Galat. V, <i>testificor omni circumcidenti se,
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diff changeset
1824 quoniam debitor est universae legis faciendae</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1825 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49683"><span class=
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diff changeset
1826 "ref">[49683] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1827 quod dicitur Galat. IV, <i>convertimini iterum ad infirma et egena
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diff changeset
1828 elementa?</i> Glossa, <i>idest ad legem, quae dicitur infirma, quia
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diff changeset
1829 perfecte non iustificat</i>. Sed gratia perfecte iustificat. Ergo
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diff changeset
1830 sacramenta veteris legis gratiam non conferebant.</p>
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diff changeset
1831 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 co."><a name="49684"><span class=
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diff changeset
1832 "ref">[49684] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1833 dicendum quod non potest dici quod sacramenta veteris legis
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diff changeset
1834 conferrent gratiam iustificantem per seipsa, idest propria virtute,
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diff changeset
1835 quia sic non fuisset necessaria passio Christi, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1836 Galat. II, <i>si ex lege est iustitia, Christus gratis mortuus
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diff changeset
1837 est</i>. Sed nec potest dici quod ex passione Christi virtutem
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diff changeset
1838 haberent conferendi gratiam iustificandi. Sicut enim ex praedictis
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diff changeset
1839 patet, virtus passionis Christi copulatur nobis per fidem et
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diff changeset
1840 sacramenta, differenter tamen, nam continuatio quae est per fidem,
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diff changeset
1841 fit per actum animae; continuatio autem quae est per sacramenta,
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diff changeset
1842 fit per usum exteriorum rerum. Nihil autem prohibet id quod est
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diff changeset
1843 posterius tempore, antequam sit, movere, secundum quod praecedit in
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diff changeset
1844 actu animae, sicut finis, qui est posterior tempore, movet agentem
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diff changeset
1845 secundum quod est apprehensus et desideratus ab ipso. Sed illud
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diff changeset
1846 quod nondum est in rerum natura, non movet secundum usum exteriorum
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diff changeset
1847 rerum. Unde causa efficiens non potest esse posterior in esse,
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diff changeset
1848 ordine durationis, sicut causa finalis. Sic igitur manifestum est
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diff changeset
1849 quod a passione Christi, quae est causa humanae iustificationis,
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diff changeset
1850 convenienter derivatur virtus iustificativa ad sacramenta novae
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diff changeset
1851 legis, non autem ad sacramenta veteris legis. Et tamen per fidem
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diff changeset
1852 passionis Christi iustificabantur antiqui patres, sicut et nos.
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diff changeset
1853 Sacramenta autem veteris legis erant quaedam illius fidei
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diff changeset
1854 protestationes, inquantum significabant passionem Christi et
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diff changeset
1855 effectus eius. Sic ergo patet quod sacramenta veteris legis non
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diff changeset
1856 habebant in se aliquam virtutem qua operarentur ad conferendam
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diff changeset
1857 gratiam iustificantem, sed solum significabant fidem, per quam
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diff changeset
1858 iustificabantur.</p>
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diff changeset
1859 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49685"><span class=
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diff changeset
1860 "ref">[49685] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1861 dicendum quod antiqui patres habebant fidem de passione Christi
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diff changeset
1862 futura, quae, secundum quod erat in apprehensione animae, poterat
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diff changeset
1863 iustificare. Sed nos habemus fidem de passione Christi praecedenti,
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diff changeset
1864 quae potest iustificare etiam secundum realem usum sacramentalium
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diff changeset
1865 rerum, ut dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
1866 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49686"><span class=
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diff changeset
1867 "ref">[49686] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1868 dicendum quod illa sanctificatio erat figuralis, per hoc enim
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diff changeset
1869 sanctificari dicebantur quod applicabantur cultui divino secundum
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diff changeset
1870 ritum veteris legis, qui totus ordinabatur ad figurandum passionem
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diff changeset
1871 Christi.</p>
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diff changeset
1872 <p title="III q. 62 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49687"><span class=
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diff changeset
1873 "ref">[49687] III&ordf; q. 62 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1874 dicendum quod de circumcisione multiplex fuit opinio. Quidam enim
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diff changeset
1875 dixerunt quod per circumcisionem non conferebatur gratia, sed solum
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diff changeset
1876 auferebatur peccatum. Sed hoc non potest esse, quia homo non
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diff changeset
1877 iustificatur a peccato nisi per gratiam, secundum illud Rom. III,
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diff changeset
1878 <i>iustificati gratis per gratiam ipsius</i>. Et ideo alii dixerunt
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diff changeset
1879 quod per circumcisionem conferebatur gratia quantum ad effectus
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diff changeset
1880 remotivos culpae, sed non quantum ad effectus positivos. Sed hoc
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diff changeset
1881 etiam videtur esse falsum. Quia per circumcisionem dabatur pueris
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diff changeset
1882 facultas perveniendi ad gloriam, quae est ultimus effectus
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diff changeset
1883 positivus gratiae. Et praeterea, secundum ordinem causae formalis,
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diff changeset
1884 priores sunt naturaliter effectus positivi quam privativi, licet
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diff changeset
1885 secundum ordinem causae materialis sit e converso, forma enim non
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diff changeset
1886 excludit privationem nisi informando subiectum. Et ideo alii dicunt
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diff changeset
1887 quod circumcisio conferebat gratiam etiam quantum ad aliquem
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diff changeset
1888 effectum positivum, qui est facere dignum vita aeterna, non tamen
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diff changeset
1889 quantum ad hoc quod est reprimere concupiscentiam impellentem ad
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diff changeset
1890 peccandum. Quod aliquando mihi visum est. Sed diligentius
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diff changeset
1891 consideranti apparet hoc etiam non esse verum, quia minima gratia
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diff changeset
1892 potest resistere cuilibet concupiscentiae et mereri vitam aeternam.
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diff changeset
1893 Et ideo melius dicendum videtur quod circumcisio erat signum fidei
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diff changeset
1894 iustificantis, unde apostolus dicit, Rom. IV, quod <i>Abraham
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diff changeset
1895 accepit signum circumcisionis, signaculum iustitiae fidei</i>. Et
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diff changeset
1896 ideo in circumcisione conferebatur gratia inquantum erat signum
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diff changeset
1897 passionis Christi futurae, ut infra patebit.</p>
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diff changeset
1898 <br />
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diff changeset
1899 <div class="D">Quaestio 63</div>
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diff changeset
1900 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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diff changeset
1901 <p title="III q. 63 pr."><a name="49688"><span class="ref">[49688]
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diff changeset
1902 III&ordf; q. 63 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de alio
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diff changeset
1903 effectu sacramentorum, qui est character. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
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diff changeset
1904 sex. Primo, utrum ex sacramentis causetur character aliquis in
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diff changeset
1905 anima. Secundo, quid sit ille character. Tertio, cuius sit
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diff changeset
1906 character. Quarto, in quo sit sicut in subiecto. Quinto, utrum
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diff changeset
1907 insit indelebiliter. Sexto, utrum omnia sacramenta imprimant
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diff changeset
1908 characterem.</p>
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diff changeset
1909 <br />
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diff changeset
1910 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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diff changeset
1911 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49689"><span class=
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diff changeset
1912 "ref">[49689] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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diff changeset
1913 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum non imprimat aliquem
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diff changeset
1914 characterem in anima. Character enim significare videtur quoddam
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diff changeset
1915 signum distinctivum. Sed distinctio membrorum Christi ab aliis fit
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diff changeset
1916 per aeternam praedestinationem, quae non ponit aliquid in
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diff changeset
1917 praedestinato, sed solum in Deo praedestinante, ut in prima parte
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diff changeset
1918 habitum est, dicitur enim II ad Tim. II, <i>firmum fundamentum Dei
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diff changeset
1919 stat, habens signaculum hoc, novit dominus qui sunt eius</i>. Ergo
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diff changeset
1920 sacramenta non imprimunt characterem in anima.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1921 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49690"><span class=
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diff changeset
1922 "ref">[49690] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1923 character signum est distinctivum. Signum autem, ut Augustinus
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diff changeset
1924 dicit, in II de Doct. Christ., <i>est quod, praeter speciem quam
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diff changeset
1925 ingerit sensibus, facit aliquid aliud in cognitionem venire</i>.
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diff changeset
1926 Nihil autem est in anima quod aliquam speciem sensibus ingerat.
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diff changeset
1927 Ergo videtur quod in anima non imprimatur aliquis character per
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diff changeset
1928 sacramenta.</p>
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diff changeset
1929 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49691"><span class=
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diff changeset
1930 "ref">[49691] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1931 sicut per sacramenta novae legis distinguitur fidelis ab infideli,
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diff changeset
1932 ita etiam per sacramenta veteris legis. Sed sacramenta veteris
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diff changeset
1933 legis non imprimebant aliquem characterem, unde et dicuntur
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diff changeset
1934 iustitiae carnis, secundum apostolum, ad Heb. IX. Ergo videtur quod
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diff changeset
1935 nec sacramenta novae legis.</p>
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diff changeset
1936 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49692"><span class=
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diff changeset
1937 "ref">[49692] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
1938 quod apostolus dicit, II Cor. I, <i>qui unxit nos, Deus est, et qui
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diff changeset
1939 signavit nos, et dedit pignus spiritus in cordibus nostris</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
1940 nihil aliud importat character quam quandam signationem. Ergo
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diff changeset
1941 videtur quod Deus per sacramenta nobis suum characterem
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diff changeset
1942 imprimat.</p>
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diff changeset
1943 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 co."><a name="49693"><span class=
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diff changeset
1944 "ref">[49693] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1945 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, sacramenta novae legis ad
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diff changeset
1946 duo ordinantur, videlicet ad remedium contra peccata; et ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1947 perficiendum animam in his quae pertinent ad cultum Dei secundum
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diff changeset
1948 ritum Christianae vitae. Quicumque autem ad aliquid certum
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diff changeset
1949 deputatur, consuevit ad illud consignari, sicut milites qui
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diff changeset
1950 adscribebantur ad militiam antiquitus solebant aliquibus
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diff changeset
1951 characteribus corporalibus insigniri, eo quod deputabantur ad
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diff changeset
1952 aliquid corporale. Et ideo, cum homines per sacramenta deputentur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1953 ad aliquid spirituale pertinens ad cultum Dei, consequens est quod
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diff changeset
1954 per ea fideles aliquo spirituali charactere insigniantur. Unde
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diff changeset
1955 Augustinus dicit, in II contra Parmenianum, <i>si militiae
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diff changeset
1956 characterem in corpore suo non militans pavidus exhorruerit, et ad
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diff changeset
1957 clementiam imperatoris confugerit, ac, prece fusa et venia
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diff changeset
1958 impetrata, militare iam coeperit, nunquid, homine liberato atque
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diff changeset
1959 correcto, character ille repetitur, ac non potius agnitus
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diff changeset
1960 approbatur? An forte minus haerent sacramenta Christiana quam
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diff changeset
1961 corporalis haec nota?</i></p>
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diff changeset
1962 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49694"><span class=
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diff changeset
1963 "ref">[49694] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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diff changeset
1964 dicendum quod fideles Christi ad praemium quidem futurae gloriae
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diff changeset
1965 deputantur signaculo praedestinationis divinae. Sed ad actus
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diff changeset
1966 convenientes praesenti Ecclesiae deputantur quodam spirituali
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diff changeset
1967 signaculo eis insignito, quod character nuncupatur.</p>
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diff changeset
1968 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49695"><span class=
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diff changeset
1969 "ref">[49695] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1970 dicendum quod character animae impressus habet rationem signi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1971 inquantum per sensibile sacramentum imprimitur, per hoc enim scitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1972 aliquis baptismali charactere insignitus, quod est ablutus aqua
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diff changeset
1973 sensibili. Nihilominus tamen character, vel signaculum, dici potest
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diff changeset
1974 per quandam similitudinem omne quod figurat alicui, vel distinguit
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diff changeset
1975 ab alio, etiam si non sit sensibile, sicut Christus dicitur figura
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diff changeset
1976 vel character paternae substantiae, secundum apostolum, Heb. I.</p>
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diff changeset
1977 <p title="III q. 63 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49696"><span class=
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diff changeset
1978 "ref">[49696] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1979 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramenta veteris legis non
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diff changeset
1980 habebant in se spiritualem virtutem ad aliquem spiritualem effectum
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diff changeset
1981 operantem. Et ideo in illis sacramentis non requirebatur aliquis
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diff changeset
1982 spiritualis character, sed sufficiebat ibi corporalis circumcisio,
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diff changeset
1983 quam apostolus signaculum nominat, Rom. IV.</p>
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diff changeset
1984 <br />
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diff changeset
1985 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1986 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49697"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1987 "ref">[49697] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1988 sic proceditur. Videtur quod character non sit spiritualis
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diff changeset
1989 potestas. Character enim idem videtur esse quod figura, unde ad
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diff changeset
1990 Heb. I, ubi dicitur, figura substantiae eius, in Graeco habetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1991 loco figurae character. Sed figura est in quarta specie qualitatis,
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diff changeset
1992 et ita differt a potestate, quae est in secunda specie qualitatis.
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diff changeset
1993 Character ergo non est spiritualis potestas.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1994 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49698"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1995 "ref">[49698] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1996 Dionysius dicit, II cap. Eccles. Hier., quod <i>divina beatitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1997 accedentem ad beatitudinem in sui participationem recipit, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1998 proprio lumine, quasi quodam signo, ipsi tradit suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1999 participationem</i>. Et sic videtur quod character sit quoddam
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diff changeset
2000 lumen. Sed lumen pertinet magis ad tertiam speciem qualitatis. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2001 ergo character est potestas, quae videtur ad secundam speciem
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diff changeset
2002 qualitatis pertinere.</p>
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diff changeset
2003 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49699"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2004 "ref">[49699] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2005 quibusdam character sic definitur, <i>character est signum sanctum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 communionis fidei et sanctae ordinationis, datum a hierarcha</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 Signum autem est in genere relationis, non autem in genere
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diff changeset
2008 potestatis. Non ergo character est spiritualis potestas.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2009 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49700"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 "ref">[49700] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 potestas habet rationem causae et principii, ut patet in V
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 Metaphys. Sed signum, quod ponitur in definitione characteris,
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diff changeset
2013 magis pertinet ad rationem effectus. Character ergo non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 spiritualis potestas.</p>
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diff changeset
2015 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49701"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 "ref">[49701] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., <i>tria sunt in anima, potentia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 habitus et passio</i>. Sed character non est passio, quia passio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 cito transit, character autem indelebilis est, ut infra dicetur.
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diff changeset
2020 Similiter etiam non est habitus. Quia nullus habitus est qui se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 possit ad bene et male habere. Character autem ad utrumque se
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diff changeset
2022 habet, utuntur enim eo quidam bene, alii vero male. Quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 habitibus non contingit, nam habitu virtutis nullus utitur male,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 habitu malitiae nullus bene. Ergo relinquitur quod character sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 potentia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 co."><a name="49702"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 "ref">[49702] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, sacramenta novae legis characterem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 imprimunt inquantum per ea deputamur ad cultum Dei secundum ritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 Christianae religionis. Unde Dionysius, in II cap. Eccles. Hier.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 cum dixisset quod Deus quodam signo tradit sui participationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 accedenti, subiungit, perficiens eum divinum et communicatorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 divinorum. Divinus autem cultus consistit vel in recipiendo aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 divina, vel in tradendo aliis. Ad utrumque autem horum requiritur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 quaedam potentia, nam ad tradendum aliquid aliis, requiritur
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diff changeset
2036 potentia activa; ad recipiendum autem requiritur potentia passiva.
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diff changeset
2037 Et ideo character importat quandam potentiam spiritualem ordinatam
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diff changeset
2038 ad ea quae sunt divini cultus. Sciendum tamen quod haec spiritualis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 potentia est instrumentalis, sicut supra dictum est de virtute quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 est in sacramentis. Habere enim sacramenti characterem competit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 ministris Dei, minister autem habet se per modum instrumenti, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 philosophus dicit, in I Polit. Et ideo, sicut virtus quae est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 sacramentis, non est in genere per se, sed per reductionem, eo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 est quiddam fluens et incompletum; ita etiam character non proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 est in genere vel specie, sed reducitur ad secundam speciem
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diff changeset
2046 qualitatis.</p>
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diff changeset
2047 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49703"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 "ref">[49703] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 dicendum quod figuratio est quaedam terminatio quantitatis. Unde,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 proprie loquendo, non est nisi in rebus corporeis, in spiritualibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 autem dicitur metaphorice. Non autem ponitur aliquid in genere vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 specie nisi per id quod de eo proprie praedicatur. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 character non potest esse in quarta specie qualitatis, licet hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 quidam posuerint.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49704"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 "ref">[49704] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 dicendum quod in tertia specie qualitatis non sunt nisi sensibiles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 passiones, vel sensibiles qualitates. Character autem non est lumen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 sensibile. Et ita non est in tertia specie qualitatis, ut quidam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 dixerunt.</p>
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diff changeset
2061 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49705"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 "ref">[49705] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 dicendum quod relatio quae importatur in nomine signi, oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 super aliquid fundetur. Non autem relatio huius signi quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 character, potest fundari immediate super essentiam animae, quia
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diff changeset
2066 sic conveniret omni animae naturaliter. Et ideo oportet aliquid
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diff changeset
2067 poni in anima super quod fundetur talis relatio. Et hoc est
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diff changeset
2068 essentia characteris. Unde non oportebit quod sit in genere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 relationis, sicut quidam posuerunt.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 <p title="III q. 63 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49706"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 "ref">[49706] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 dicendum quod character habet rationem signi per comparationem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 sacramentum sensibile a quo imprimitur. Sed secundum se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 consideratus, habet rationem principii, per modum iam dictum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49707"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 "ref">[49707] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 proceditur. Videtur quod character sacramentalis non sit character
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 Christi. Dicitur enim Ephes. IV, <i>nolite contristare spiritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 sanctum Dei, in quo signati estis</i>. Sed consignatio importatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 in ratione characteris. Ergo character sacramentalis magis debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 attribui spiritui sancto quam Christo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49708"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 "ref">[49708] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 character habet rationem signi. Est autem signum gratiae quae per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 sacramentum confertur. Gratia autem infunditur animae a tota
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 Trinitate, unde dicitur in Psalmo, <i>gratiam et gloriam dabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 dominus</i>. Ergo videtur quod character sacramentalis non debeat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 specialiter attribui Christo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49709"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 "ref">[49709] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 hoc aliquis characterem accipit ut eo a ceteris distinguatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 distinctio sanctorum ab aliis fit per caritatem, quae <i>sola
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 distinguit inter filios regni et filios perditionis</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 Augustinus dicit, XV de Trin., unde et ipsi perditionis filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 characterem bestiae habere dicuntur, ut patet Apoc. XIII. Caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 autem non attribuitur Christo, sed magis spiritui sancto, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 illud Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>; vel etiam patri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 secundum illud II Cor. ult., <i>gratia domini nostri Iesu Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 et caritas Dei</i>. Ergo videtur quod character sacramentalis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 sit attribuendus Christo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49710"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 "ref">[49710] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 quod quidam sic definiunt characterem, <i>character est distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 a charactere aeterno impressa animae rationali, secundum imaginem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 consignans Trinitatem creatam Trinitati creanti et recreanti, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 distinguens a non configuratis, secundum statum fidei</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 character aeternus est ipse Christus, secundum illud Heb. I, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 cum sit splendor gloriae et figura</i>, vel character,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 <i>substantiae eius</i>. Ergo videtur quod character proprie sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 attribuendus Christo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 co."><a name="49711"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 "ref">[49711] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, character proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 signaculum quoddam quo aliquid insignitur ut ordinandum in aliquem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 finem, sicut charactere insignitur denarius ad usum commutationum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 et milites charactere insigniuntur quasi ad militiam deputati. Homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 autem fidelis ad duo deputatur. Primo quidem, et principaliter, ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 fruitionem gloriae. Et ad hoc insigniuntur signaculo gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 secundum illud Ezech. IX, <i>signa thau super frontes virorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 gementium et dolentium</i>; et Apoc. VII, <i>nolite nocere terrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 et mari neque arboribus, quoadusque signemus servos Dei nostri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 frontibus eorum</i>. Secundo autem deputatur quisque fidelis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 recipiendum vel tradendum aliis ea quae pertinent ad cultum Dei. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 ad hoc proprie deputatur character sacramentalis. Totus autem ritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 Christianae religionis derivatur a sacerdotio Christi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 manifestum est quod character sacramentalis specialiter est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 character Christi, cuius sacerdotio configurantur fideles secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 sacramentales characteres, qui nihil aliud sunt quam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 participationes sacerdotii Christi, ab ipso Christo derivatae.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49712"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 "ref">[49712] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 dicendum quod apostolus ibi loquitur de configuratione secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 quam aliquis deputatur ad futuram gloriam, quae fit per gratiam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 Quae spiritui sancto attribuitur, inquantum ex amore procedit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 Deus nobis aliquid gratis largiatur, quod ad rationem gratiae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 pertinet, spiritus autem sanctus amor est. Unde et I ad Cor. XII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 dicitur, <i>divisiones gratiarum sunt, idem autem spiritus</i>.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49713"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 "ref">[49713] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 dicendum quod character sacramentalis est res respectu sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 exterioris, et est sacramentum respectu ultimi effectus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 dupliciter potest aliquid characteri attribui. Uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 rationem sacramenti. Et hoc modo est signum invisibilis gratiae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 quae in sacramento confertur. Alio modo, secundum characteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 rationem. Et hoc modo signum est configurativum alicui principali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 apud quem residet auctoritas eius ad quod aliquis deputatur, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 milites, qui deputantur ad pugnam, insigniuntur signo ducis, quo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 quodammodo ei configurantur. Et hoc modo illi qui deputantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 cultum Christianum, cuius auctor est Christus, characterem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 accipiunt quo Christo configurantur. Unde proprie est character
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 Christi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 <p title="III q. 63 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49714"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 "ref">[49714] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 dicendum quod charactere distinguitur aliquis ab alio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 comparationem ad aliquem finem in quem ordinatur qui characterem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 accipit, sicut dictum est de charactere militari, quo in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 pugnam distinguitur miles regis a milite hostis. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 character fidelium est quo distinguuntur fideles Christi a servis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 Diaboli, vel in ordine ad vitam aeternam, vel in ordine ad cultum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 praesentis Ecclesiae. Quorum primum fit per caritatem et gratiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 ut obiectio procedit, secundum autem fit per characterem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 sacramentalem. Unde et character bestiae intelligi potest, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 oppositum, vel obstinata malitia, qua aliqui deputantur ad poenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 aeternam; vel professio illiciti cultus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49715"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 "ref">[49715] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 proceditur. Videtur quod character non sit in potentiis animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 sicut in subiecto. Character enim dicitur esse dispositio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 gratiam. Sed gratia est in essentia animae sicut in subiecto, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 secunda parte dictum est. Ergo videtur quod character sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 essentia animae, non autem in potentiis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49716"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 "ref">[49716] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 potentia animae non videtur esse subiectum alicuius nisi habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 vel dispositionis. Sed character, ut supra dictum est, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 habitus vel dispositio, sed magis potentia, cuius subiectum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 nisi essentia animae. Ergo videtur quod character non sit sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 subiecto in potentia animae, sed magis in essentia ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49717"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 "ref">[49717] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 potentiae animae rationalis distinguuntur per cognitivas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 appetitivas. Sed non potest dici quod character sit tantum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 potentia cognoscitiva, nec etiam tantum in potentia appetitiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 quia non ordinatur neque ad cognoscendum tantum, neque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 appetendum. Similiter etiam non potest dici quod sit in utraque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 quia idem accidens non potest esse in diversis subiectis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 videtur quod character non sit in potentia animae sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 subiecto, sed magis in essentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49718"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 "ref">[49718] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 quod, sicut in praemissa definitione characteris continetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 character imprimitur animae rationali secundum imaginem. Sed imago
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 Trinitatis in anima attenditur secundum potentias. Ergo character
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 in potentiis animae existit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 co."><a name="49719"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 "ref">[49719] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, character est quoddam signaculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 quo anima insignitur ad suscipiendum vel aliis tradendum ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 sunt divini cultus. Divinus autem cultus in quibusdam actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 consistit. Ad actus autem proprie ordinantur potentiae animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 sicut essentia ordinatur ad esse. Et ideo character non est sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 in subiecto in essentia animae, sed in eius potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49720"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 "ref">[49720] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 dicendum quod subiectum alicui accidenti attribuitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 rationem eius ad quod propinque disponit, non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 rationem eius ad quod disponit remote vel indirecte. Character
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 autem directe quidem et propinque disponit animam ad ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 divini cultus exequenda, et quia haec idonee non fiunt sine auxilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 gratiae, quia, ut dicitur Ioan. IV, <i>eos qui adorant Deum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 spiritu et veritate adorare oportet</i>, ex consequenti divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 largitas recipientibus characterem gratiam largitur, per quam digne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 impleant ea ad quae deputantur. Et ideo characteri magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 attribuendum subiectum secundum rationem actuum ad divinum cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 pertinentium, quam secundum rationem gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49721"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 "ref">[49721] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 dicendum quod essentia animae est subiectum potentiae naturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 quae ex principiis essentiae procedit. Talis autem potentia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 character, sed est quaedam spiritualis potentia ab extrinseco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 adveniens. Unde, sicut essentia animae, per quam est naturalis vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 hominis, perficitur per gratiam, qua anima spiritualiter vivit; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 potentia naturalis animae perficitur per spiritualem potentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 quae est character. Habitus enim et dispositio pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 potentiam animae, eo quod ordinantur ad actus, quorum potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 sunt principia. Et eadem ratione omne quod ad actum ordinatur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 potentiae tribuendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 <p title="III q. 63 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49722"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 "ref">[49722] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, character ordinatur ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 sunt divini cultus. Qui quidem est quaedam fidei protestatio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 exteriora signa. Et ideo oportet quod character sit in cognitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 potentia animae, in qua est fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49723"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 "ref">[49723] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 proceditur. Videtur quod character non insit animae indelebiliter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 Quanto enim aliquod accidens est perfectius, tanto firmius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 inhaeret. Sed gratia est perfectior quam character, quia character
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 ordinatur ad gratiam sicut ad ulteriorem finem. Gratia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 amittitur per peccatum. Ergo multo magis character.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49724"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 "ref">[49724] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 characterem aliquis deputatur divino cultui, sicut dictum est. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 aliqui a cultu divino transeunt ad contrarium cultum per apostasiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 a fide. Ergo videtur quod tales amittant characterem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 sacramentalem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49725"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 "ref">[49725] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 cessante fine, cessare debet et id quod est ad finem, alioquin
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 frustra remaneret, sicut post resurrectionem non erit matrimonium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 quia cessabit generatio, ad quam matrimonium ordinatur cultus autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 exterior, ad quem character ordinatur, non remanebit in patria, in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 qua nihil agetur in figura, sed totum in nuda veritate. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 character sacramentalis non remanet in perpetuum in anima. Et ita
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 non inest indelebiliter.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49726"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 "ref">[49726] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 quod Augustinus dicit, in II contra Parmenianum, non minus haerent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 sacramenta Christiana quam corporalis nota militiae. Sed character
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 militaris non repetitur, sed agnitus approbatur, in eo qui veniam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 meretur ab imperatore post culpam. Ergo nec character sacramentalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 deleri potest.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 co."><a name="49727"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 "ref">[49727] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, character sacramentalis est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 quaedam participatio sacerdotii Christi in fidelibus eius, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 scilicet, sicut Christus habet plenam spiritualis sacerdotii
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 potestatem, ita fideles eius ei configurentur in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 participant aliquam spiritualem potestatem respectu sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 et eorum quae pertinent ad divinum cultum. Et propter hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 Christo non competit habere characterem, sed potestas sacerdotii
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 eius comparatur ad characterem sicut id quod est plenum et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 perfectum ad aliquam sui participationem. Sacerdotium autem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 est aeternum, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>tu es sacerdos in aeternum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 secundum ordinem Melchisedech</i>. Et inde est quod omnis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 sanctificatio quae fit per sacerdotium eius, est perpetua, re
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 consecrata manente. Quod patet etiam in rebus inanimatis, nam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 Ecclesiae vel altaris manet consecratio semper, nisi destruatur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 Cum igitur anima sit subiectum characteris secundum intellectivam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 partem, in qua est fides, ut dictum est; manifestum est quod, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 intellectus perpetuus est et incorruptibilis, ita character
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 indelebiliter manet in anima.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49728"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 "ref">[49728] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 dicendum quod aliter est in anima gratia, et aliter character. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 gratia est in anima sicut quaedam forma habens esse completum in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 ea, character autem est in anima sicut quaedam virtus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 instrumentalis, ut supra dictum est. Forma autem completa est in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 subiecto secundum conditionem subiecti. Et quia anima est mutabilis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 secundum liberum arbitrium quandiu est in statu viae, consequens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 est quod insit animae mutabiliter. Sed virtus instrumentalis magis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 attenditur secundum conditionem principalis agentis. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 character indelebiliter inest animae, non propter sui perfectionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 sed propter perfectionem sacerdotii Christi, a quo derivatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 character sicut quaedam instrumentalis virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49729"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 "ref">[49729] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 dicendum quod, sicut ibidem Augustinus dicit, <i>nec ipsos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 apostatas videmus carere Baptismate, quibus per poenitentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 redeuntibus non restituitur, et ideo amitti non potuisse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 iudicatur</i>. Et huius ratio est quia character est virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 instrumentalis, ut dictum est, ratio autem instrumenti consistit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 hoc quod ab alio moveatur, non autem in hoc quod ipsum se moveat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 quod pertinet ad voluntatem. Et ideo, quantumcumque voluntas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 moveatur in contrarium, character non removetur, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 immobilitatem principalis moventis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 <p title="III q. 63 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49730"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 "ref">[49730] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 dicendum quod, quamvis post hanc vitam non remaneat exterior
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 cultus, remanet tamen finis illius cultus. Et ideo post hanc vitam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 remanet character, et in bonis ad eorum gloriam, et in malis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 eorum ignominiam, sicut etiam militaris character remanet in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 militibus post adeptam victoriam, et in his qui vicerunt ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 gloriam, et in his qui sunt victi ad poenam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49731"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 "ref">[49731] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 proceditur. Videtur quod per omnia sacramenta novae legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 imprimatur character. Per omnia enim sacramenta novae legis fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 aliquis particeps sacerdotii Christi. Sed character sacramentalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 nihil est aliud quam participatio sacerdotii Christi, ut dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 est. Ergo videtur quod per omnia sacramenta novae legis imprimatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 character.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49732"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 "ref">[49732] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 character se habet ad animam in qua est, sicut consecratio ad res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 consecratas. Sed per quodlibet sacramentum novae legis homo recipit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 gratiam sanctificantem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo videtur quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 quodlibet sacramentum novae legis imprimatur character.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49733"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 "ref">[49733] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 character est res et sacramentum. Sed in quolibet sacramento novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 legis est aliquid quod est res tantum, et aliquid quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 sacramentum tantum, et aliquid quod est res et sacramentum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 per quodlibet sacramentum novae legis imprimitur character.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49734"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 "ref">[49734] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 quod sacramenta in quibus imprimitur character, non reiterantur, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 quod character est indelebilis, ut dictum est. Quaedam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 sacramenta iterantur, sicut patet de poenitentia et matrimonio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 Ergo non omnia sacramenta imprimunt characterem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 co."><a name="49735"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 "ref">[49735] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, sacramenta novae legis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 duo ordinantur, scilicet in remedium peccati, et ad cultum divinum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 Est autem omnibus sacramentis commune quod per ea exhibetur aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 remedium contra peccatum, per hoc quod gratiam conferunt. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 omnia sacramenta ordinantur directe ad divinum cultum, sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 de poenitentia, per quam homo liberatur a peccato, non autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 hoc sacramentum exhibetur homini aliquid de novo pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 divinum cultum, sed restituitur in statum pristinum. Pertinet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 aliquod sacramentum ad divinum cultum tripliciter, uno modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 modum ipsius actionis; alio modo, per modum agentis; tertio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 per modum recipientis. Per modum quidem ipsius actionis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 divinum cultum Eucharistia, in qua principaliter divinus cultus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 consistit, inquantum est Ecclesiae sacrificium. Et per hoc idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 sacramentum non imprimitur homini character, quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 sacramentum non ordinatur homo ad aliquid aliud ulterius agendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 vel recipiendum in sacramentis, cum potius sit <i>finis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 consummatio omnium sacramentorum</i>, ut Dionysius dicit, III cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 Eccles. Hier. Continet tamen in seipso Christum, in quo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 character, sed tota sacerdotii plenitudo. Sed ad agentes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 sacramentis pertinet sacramentum ordinis, quia per hoc sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 deputantur homines ad sacramenta aliis tradenda. Sed ad recipientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 pertinet sacramentum Baptismi, per quod homo accipit potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 recipiendi alia Ecclesiae sacramenta, unde Baptismus dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 ianua sacramentorum. Ad idem etiam ordinatur quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 confirmatio, ut infra suo loco dicetur. Et ideo per haec tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 sacramenta character imprimitur, scilicet Baptismum, confirmationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 et ordinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49736"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 "ref">[49736] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 dicendum quod per omnia sacramenta fit homo particeps sacerdotii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 Christi, utpote percipiens aliquem effectum eius, non tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 omnia sacramenta aliquis deputatur ad agendum aliquid vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 recipiendum quod pertineat ad cultum sacerdotii Christi. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 quidem exigitur ad hoc quod sacramentum characterem imprimat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49737"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 "ref">[49737] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 dicendum quod per omnia sacramenta sanctificatur homo, propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 quod sanctitas importat munditiam a peccato, quod fit per gratiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 Sed specialiter per quaedam sacramenta, quae characterem imprimunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 homo sanctificatur quadam consecratione, utpote deputatus ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 divinum cultum, sicut etiam res inanimatae sanctificari dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 inquantum divino cultui deputantur.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 <p title="III q. 63 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 "ref">[49738] III&ordf; q. 63 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 dicendum quod, licet character sit res et sacramentum, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 oportet id quod est res et sacramentum, esse characterem. Quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 autem sit res et sacramentum in aliis sacramentis, infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 dicetur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 <div class="D">Quaestio 64</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 <p title="III q. 64 pr."><a name="49739"><span class="ref">[49739]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 III&ordf; q. 64 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 sacramentorum, sive per auctoritatem sive per ministerium. Et circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 hoc quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum solus Deus interius operetur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 sacramentis. Secundo, utrum institutio sacramentorum sit solum a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 Deo. Tertio, de potestate quam Christus habuit in sacramentis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 Quarto, utrum illam potestatem potuerit aliis communicare. Quinto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 utrum potestas ministerii in sacramentis conveniat malis. Sexto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 utrum mali peccent dispensando sacramenta. Septimo, utrum Angeli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 possint esse ministri sacramentorum. Octavo, utrum intentio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 ministri requiratur in sacramentis. Nono, utrum requiratur ibi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 recta fides; ita scilicet quod infidelis non possit tradere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 sacramentum. Decimo, utrum requiratur ibi recta intentio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49740"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 "ref">[49740] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 proceditur. Videtur quod non solus Deus, sed etiam minister,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 interius operetur ad effectum sacramenti. Interior enim effectus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 sacramenti est ut homo purgetur a peccatis, et illuminetur per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 gratiam. Sed ad ministros Ecclesiae pertinet purgare, illuminare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 perficere, ut patet per Dionysium, in V cap. Coel. Hier. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 videtur quod non solus Deus, sed etiam ministri Ecclesiae operentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 ad sacramenti effectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 "ref">[49741] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 collatione sacramentorum quaedam orationum suffragia proponuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 Sed orationes iustorum sunt magis apud Deum exaudibiles quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 quorumcumque, secundum illud Ioan. IX, <i>si quis Dei cultor est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 et voluntatem Dei facit, hunc Deus exaudit</i>. Ergo videtur quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 maiorem effectum sacramenti consequitur ille qui recipit illum a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 bono ministro. Sic ergo minister operatur aliquid ad interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 effectum, et non solus Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 "ref">[49742] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 dignior est homo quam res inanimata. Sed res inanimata aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 operatur ad effectum interiorem, <i>nam aqua corpus tangit et cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 abluit</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Ergo homo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 operatur ad interiorem effectum sacramenti, et non solus Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 "ref">[49743] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 quod dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>Deus qui iustificat</i>. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 interior effectus omnium sacramentorum sit iustificatio, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 quod solus Deus operetur interiorem effectum sacramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 co."><a name="49744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 "ref">[49744] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 dicendum quod operari aliquem effectum contingit dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 modo, per modum principalis agentis; alio modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 instrumenti. Primo igitur modo solus Deus operatur interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 effectum sacramenti. Tum quia solus Deus illabitur animae, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 sacramenti effectus consistit. Non autem potest aliquid immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 operari ubi non est. Tum quia gratia, quae est interior sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 effectus, est a solo Deo, ut in secunda parte habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 Character etiam, qui est interior quorundam sacramentorum effectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 est virtus instrumentalis, quae manat a principali agente, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 Deus. Secundo autem modo homo potest operari ad interiorem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 sacramenti, inquantum operatur per modum ministri. Nam eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 est ministri et instrumenti, utriusque enim actio exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 adhibetur, sed sortitur effectum interiorem ex virtute principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 agentis, quod est Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 "ref">[49745] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 dicendum quod purgatio, secundum quod attribuitur ministris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 Ecclesiae, non est a peccato, sed dicuntur diaconi purgare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 inquantum vel immundos eiiciunt a coetu fidelium, vel eos sacris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 admonitionibus disponunt ad sacramentorum receptionem. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 etiam sacerdotes illuminare dicuntur sacrum populum, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 gratiam infundendo, sed sacramenta gratiae tradendo, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 Dionysium ibidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 "ref">[49746] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 dicendum quod orationes quae dicuntur in sacramentorum collatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 proponuntur Deo non ex parte singularis personae, sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 totius Ecclesiae, cuius preces sunt apud Deum exaudibiles, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 illud Matth. XVIII, <i>si duo ex vobis consenserint super terram de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 omni re quamcumque petierint, fiet eis a patre meo</i>. Nihil tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 prohibet quin devotio viri iusti ad hoc aliquid operetur. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 tamen quod est sacramenti effectus, non impetratur oratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 Ecclesiae vel ministri, sed ex merito passionis Christi, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 virtus operatur in sacramentis, ut dictum est. Unde effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 sacramenti non datur melior per meliorem ministrum. Aliquid tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 annexum impetrari potest recipienti sacramentum per devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 ministri, nec tamen minister operatur illud, sed impetrat operandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 <p title="III q. 64 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 "ref">[49747] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 dicendum quod res inanimatae non operantur ad interiorem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 nisi instrumentaliter, ut dictum est. Et similiter homines non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 operantur ad sacramentorum effectum nisi per modum ministerii, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 "ref">[49748] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacramenta non sint solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 institutione divina. Ea enim quae sunt divinitus instituta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 traduntur nobis in sacra Scriptura. Sed quaedam aguntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 sacramentis de quibus nulla fit mentio in sacra Scriptura, puta de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 chrismate quo homines confirmantur, et de oleo quo sacerdotes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 inunguntur, et de multis aliis, tam verbis quam factis, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 utimur in sacramentis. Non ergo sacramenta sunt solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 institutione divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 "ref">[49749] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 sacramenta sunt quaedam signa. Res autem sensibiles naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 quaedam significant. Nec potest dici quod Deus quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 significationibus delectetur, et non aliis, quia ipse omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 fecit approbat. Hoc autem proprium videtur esse Daemonum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 quibusdam signis ad aliquid alliciantur, dicit enim Augustinus, XXI
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 de Civ. Dei, <i>illiciuntur Daemones per creaturas, quas non ipsi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 sed Deus condidit, delectabilibus pro sua diversitate diversis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 ut animalia cibis, sed ut spiritus signis</i>. Non ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 quod sacramenta indigeant esse ex institutione divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 "ref">[49750] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 apostoli vicem Dei gesserunt in terris, unde apostolus dicit, II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 Cor. II, <i>nam et ego quod donavi, si quid donavi, propter vos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 persona Christi</i>, idest, ac si ipse Christus donasset. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 videtur quod apostoli, et eorum successores, possint nova
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 sacramenta instituere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 "ref">[49751] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 quod ille instituit aliquid qui dat ei robur et virtutem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 patet de institutoribus legum. Sed virtus sacramenti est a solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 Deo, ut ex dictis patet. Ergo solus Deus potest instituere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 sacramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 co."><a name="49752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 "ref">[49752] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 dicendum quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 instrumentaliter operantur ad spirituales effectus. Instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 autem habet virtutem a principali agente. Agens autem respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 sacramenti est duplex, scilicet instituens sacramentum; et utens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 sacramento instituto, applicando scilicet ipsum ad inducendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 effectum. Virtus autem sacramenti non potest esse ab eo qui utitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 sacramento, quia non operatur nisi per modum ministerii. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 relinquitur quod virtus sacramenti sit ab eo qui instituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 sacramentum. Cum igitur virtus sacramenti sit a solo Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 consequens est quod solus Deus sit sacramentorum institutor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 "ref">[49753] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 dicendum quod illa quae aguntur in sacramentis per homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 instituta, non sunt de necessitate sacramenti, sed ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 solemnitatem, quae adhibetur sacramentis ad excitandam devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 et reverentiam in his qui sacramenta suscipiunt. Ea vero quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 de necessitate sacramenti, sunt ab ipso Christo instituta, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 Deus et homo. Et licet non omnia sint tradita in Scripturis, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 tamen ea Ecclesia ex familiari apostolorum traditione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 apostolus dicit, I Cor. XI, <i>cetera cum venero disponam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 "ref">[49754] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 dicendum quod res sensibiles aptitudinem quandam habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 significandum spirituales effectus ex sui natura, sed ista aptitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 determinatur ad specialem significationem ex institutione divina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 Et hoc est quod Hugo de sancto Victore dicit, quod <i>sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 ex institutione significat</i>. Praeelegit tamen Deus quasdam res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 aliis ad significationes sacramentales, non quia ad eas contrahatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 eius affectus, sed ut sit convenientior significatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 <p title="III q. 64 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 "ref">[49755] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 dicendum quod apostoli, et eorum successores, sunt vicarii Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 quantum ad regimen Ecclesiae institutae per fidem et fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 sacramenta. Unde, sicut non licet eis constituere aliam Ecclesiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 ita non licet eis tradere aliam fidem, neque instituere alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 sacramenta, sed per <i>sacramenta quae de latere Christi pendentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 in cruce fluxerunt</i>, dicitur esse fabricata Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 Christi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 "ref">[49756] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, secundum quod homo, habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 potestatem operandi interiorem effectum sacramentorum dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 Ioannes Baptista, ut habetur Ioan. I, <i>qui me misit baptizare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 aqua, ille mihi dixit, super quem videris spiritum descendentem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 manentem super eum, hic est qui baptizat in spiritu sancto</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 baptizare in spiritu sancto est interius gratiam spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 conferre. Spiritus autem sanctus descendit super Christum inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 homo, non inquantum Deus, quia sic ipse dat spiritum sanctum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 videtur quod Christus, secundum quod homo, habuit potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 interiorem effectum sacramentorum causandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 "ref">[49757] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 Matth. IX dominus dicit, <i>sciatis quod filius hominis habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 terra potestatem dimittendi peccata</i>. Sed remissio peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 est interior effectus sacramenti. Ergo videtur quod Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 secundum quod homo, interiorem effectum sacramentorum operatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49758"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 "ref">[49758] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 institutio sacramentorum pertinet ad eum qui tanquam principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 agens operatur ad interiorem sacramenti effectum. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 autem quod Christus sacramenta instituit. Ergo ipse est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 interius operatur sacramentorum effectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="49759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 "ref">[49759] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 nullus potest sine sacramento effectum sacramenti conferre, nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 propria virtute sacramenti effectum operetur. Sed Christus sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 sacramento contulit sacramenti effectum, ut patet in Magdalena, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 dixit, <i>dimittuntur tibi peccata</i>. Ergo videtur quod Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 secundum quod homo, operetur interiorem sacramenti effectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="49760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 "ref">[49760] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 illud in cuius virtute sacramentum operatur, est principale agens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 ad interiorem effectum. Sed sacramenta habent virtutem ex passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 Christi et invocatione nominis eius, secundum illud I Cor. I,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 <i>nunquid Paulus pro vobis crucifixus est? Aut in nomine Pauli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 baptizati estis?</i> Ergo Christus, inquantum homo, operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 interiorem sacramenti effectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49761"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 "ref">[49761] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 quod Augustinus dicit, <i>in sacramentis divina virtus secretius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 operatur salutem</i>. Divina autem virtus est Christi secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 est Deus, non autem secundum quod est homo. Ergo Christus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 operatur interiorem sacramenti effectum secundum quod est homo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 secundum quod est Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 co."><a name="49762"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 "ref">[49762] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 dicendum quod interiorem sacramentorum effectum operatur Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 et secundum quod est Deus, et secundum quod est homo, aliter tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 et aliter. Nam secundum quod est Deus, operatur in sacramentis per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 auctoritatem. Secundum autem quod est homo, operatur ad interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 effectus sacramentorum meritorie, et efficienter, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 instrumentaliter. Dictum est enim quod passio Christi, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 competit ei secundum humanam naturam, causa est nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 iustificationis et meritorie, et effective, non quidem per modum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 principalis agentis, sive per auctoritatem, sed per modum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 instrumenti, inquantum humanitas est instrumentum divinitatis eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 ut supra dictum est. Sed tamen, quia est instrumentum coniunctum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 divinitati in persona, habet quandam principalitatem et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 causalitatem respectu instrumentorum extrinsecorum, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 ministri Ecclesiae et ipsa sacramenta, ut ex supra dictis patet. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 ideo, sicut Christus, inquantum Deus, habet potestatem auctoritatis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 in sacramentis, ita, inquantum homo, habet potestatem ministerii
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 principalis, sive potestatem excellentiae. Quae quidem consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 quatuor. Primo quidem, in hoc quod meritum et virtus passionis eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 operatur in sacramentis, ut supra dictum est. Et quia virtus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 passionis copulatur nobis per fidem, secundum illud Rom. III,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 <i>quem proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 eius</i>, quam fidem per invocationem nominis Christi protestamur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 ideo, secundo, ad potestatem excellentiae quam Christus habet in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 sacramentis, pertinet quod in eius nomine sacramenta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 sanctificantur. Et quia ex institutione sacramenta virtutem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 obtinent, inde est quod, tertio, ad excellentiam potestatis Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 pertinet quod ipse, qui dedit virtutem sacramentis, potuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 instituere sacramenta. Et quia causa non dependet ab effectu, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 potius e converso, quarto, ad excellentiam potestatis Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 pertinet quod ipse potuit effectum sacramentorum sine exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 sacramento conferre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 <p title="III q. 64 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 "ref">[49763] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 responsio ad obiecta, utraque enim pars obiectionum vera est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 dictum est, secundum aliquid.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 "ref">[49764] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus potestatem suam quam habuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 sacramentis, non potuerit ministris communicare. Ut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 argumentatur Augustinus, contra Maximinum, <i>si potuit et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 voluit, invidus fuit</i>. Sed invidia longe fuit a Christo, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 fuit summa plenitudo caritatis. Ergo, cum Christus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 communicaverit suam potestatem ministris, videtur quod non potuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 communicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 "ref">[49765] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 super illud Ioan. XIV, <i>maiora horum faciet</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 Augustinus, prorsus maius hoc esse dixerim, scilicet ut ex impio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 iustus fiat, quam creare caelum et terram. Sed Christus non potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 communicare suis discipulis quod crearent caelum et terram. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 neque quod iustificent impium. Cum igitur iustificatio impii fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 per potestatem Christi quam habet in sacramentis, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 potestatem suam quam habet in sacramentis, non potuerit ministris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 communicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 "ref">[49766] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 Christo inquantum est caput Ecclesiae, competit ut ab ipso gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 derivetur ad alios, secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>de plenitudine eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 omnes accepimus</i>. Sed hoc non fuit aliis communicabile, quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 Ecclesia esset monstruosa, multa capita habens. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 Christus suam potestatem non potuerit ministris communicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 "ref">[49767] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 quod, super illud Ioan. I, <i>ego nesciebam eum</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 Augustinus quod <i>non noverat potestatem Baptismi ipsum dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 habiturum et sibi retenturum</i>. Hoc autem non ignorasset Ioannes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 si talis potestas communicabilis non esset. Potuit ergo potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 suam Christus ministris communicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 co."><a name="49768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 "ref">[49768] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, Christus in sacramentis habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 duplicem potestatem. Unam auctoritatis, quae competit ei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 quod Deus. Et talis potestas nulli creaturae potuit communicari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 sicut nec divina essentia. Aliam potestatem habuit excellentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 quae competit ei secundum quod homo. Et talem potestatem potuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 ministris communicare, dando scilicet eis tantam gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 plenitudinem ut eorum meritum operaretur ad sacramentorum effectus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 ut ad invocationem nominum ipsorum sanctificarentur sacramenta; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 ut ipsi possent sacramenta instituere; et sine ritu sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 effectum conferre solo imperio. Potest enim instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 coniunctum, quanto fuerit fortius, tanto magis virtutem suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 instrumento separato tribuere, sicut manus baculo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 "ref">[49769] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 dicendum quod Christus non ex invidia praetermisit potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 excellentiae ministris communicare, sed propter fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 utilitatem, ne in homine spem ponerent, et essent diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 sacramenta, ex quibus divisio in Ecclesia oriretur; sicut apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 illos qui dicebant, <i>ego sum Pauli, ego autem Apollo, ego vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 Cephae</i>, ut dicitur I Cor. I.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 "ref">[49770] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de potestate auctoritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 quae convenit Christo secundum quod est Deus. Licet et potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 excellentiae possit auctoritas nominari per comparationem ad alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 ministros. Unde super illud I Cor. I, <i>divisus est Christus?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 Dicit Glossa quod <i>potuit eis dare auctoritatem Baptismi, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 contulit ministerium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 <p title="III q. 64 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 "ref">[49771] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 dicendum quod ad hoc inconveniens evitandum, ne scilicet multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 capita in Ecclesia essent, Christus noluit potestatem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 excellentiae ministris communicare. Si tamen communicasset, ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 esset caput principaliter, alii vero secundario.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 "ref">[49772] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 proceditur. Videtur quod per malos ministros sacramenta conferri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 non possint. Sacramenta enim novae legis ordinantur ad emundationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 culpae et collationem gratiae. Sed mali, cum sint immundi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 possunt alios a peccato mundare, secundum illud Eccli. XXXIV, <i>ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 immundo quis mundabitur?</i> Et etiam, cum gratiam non habeant, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 videtur quod gratiam conferre possint, quia nullus dat quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 habet. Non ergo videtur quod per malos sacramenta conferri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 possint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 "ref">[49773] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 tota virtus sacramentorum derivatur a Christo, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 mali sunt praecisi a Christo, quia non habent caritatem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 membra capiti uniuntur, secundum illud I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 caritate, in Deo manet, et Deus in eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 malos sacramenta conferri non possint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 "ref">[49774] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 desit aliquid horum quae debitum est esse in sacramentis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 perficitur sacramentum, sicut si desit debita forma vel materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 Sed debitus minister sacramenti est ille qui caret macula peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 secundum illud Levit. XXI, <i>homo de semine tuo per familias qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 habuit maculam, non offeret panes Deo tuo, nec accedet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 ministerium eius</i>. Ergo videtur quod, si minister sit malus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 nihil efficiatur in sacramento.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 "ref">[49775] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 quod Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan. I, <i>super quem videris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 spiritum etc., quod non noverat Ioannes potestatem Baptismi ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 dominum habiturum et sibi retenturum, sed ministerium plane
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 transiturum in bonos et malos. Quid tibi facit malus minister, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 bonus est dominus?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 co."><a name="49776"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 "ref">[49776] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ministri Ecclesiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 instrumentaliter operantur in sacramentis, eo quod quodammodo eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 est ratio ministri et instrumenti. Sicut autem supra dictum est,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 instrumentum non agit secundum propriam formam, sed secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 virtutem eius a quo movetur. Et ideo accidit instrumento, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 est instrumentum, qualemcumque formam vel virtutem habeat, praeter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 id quod exigitur ad rationem instrumenti, sicut quod corpus medici,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 quod est instrumentum animae habentis artem, sit sanum vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 infirmum; et sicut quod fistula per quam transit aqua, sit argentea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 vel plumbea. Unde ministri Ecclesiae possunt sacramenta conferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 etiam si sint mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49777"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 "ref">[49777] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 dicendum quod ministri Ecclesiae neque a peccatis mundant homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 ad sacramenta accedentes, neque gratiam conferunt, sua virtute, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 hoc facit Christus sua potestate per eos sicut per quaedam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 instrumenta. Et ideo effectus consequitur in suscipientibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 sacramenta non secundum similitudinem ministrorum, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 configurationem ad Christum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 "ref">[49778] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 dicendum quod per caritatem membra Christi uniuntur suo capiti ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 ab eo vitam recipiant, quia, ut dicitur I Ioan. III, <i>qui non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 diligit, manet in morte</i>. Potest autem aliquis operari per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 instrumentum carens vita, et a se separatum quantum ad corporis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 unionem, dummodo sit coniunctum per quandam motionem, aliter enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 operatur artifex per manum, et aliter per securim. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 Christus operatur in sacramentis et per malos, tanquam per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 instrumenta carentia vita; et per bonos, tanquam per membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 viventia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 <p title="III q. 64 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 "ref">[49779] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 dicendum quod aliquid est debitum esse in sacramento dupliciter.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 Uno modo, sicut existens de necessitate sacramenti. Quod quidem si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 desit, non perficitur sacramentum, sicut si desit debita forma vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 debita materia. Alio modo est aliquid debitum esse in sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 secundum quandam decentiam. Et hoc modo debitum est ut ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 sacramentorum sint boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 "ref">[49780] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 proceditur. Videtur quod mali ministrantes sacramenta non peccent.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 Sicut enim ministratur Deo in sacramentis, ita per opera caritatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 unde dicitur Heb. ult., <i>beneficentiae et communionis nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 oblivisci, talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus</i>. Sed mali non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 peccant si ministrent Deo in operibus caritatis, quinimmo hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 consulendum, secundum illud Dan. IV, <i>consilium meum regi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 placeat, peccata tua eleemosynis redime</i>. Ergo videtur quod mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 non peccent in sacramentis ministrando.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49781"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 "ref">[49781] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 quicumque communicat alicui in peccato, etiam ipse est reus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 peccati, secundum illud Rom. I, <i>dignus est morte non solum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 peccatum agit, sed etiam qui consentit facientibus</i>. Sed si mali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 ministri peccent sacramenta ministrando, illi qui ab eis sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 recipiunt, eis in peccato communicant. Ergo etiam ipsi peccarent.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 Quod videtur inconveniens.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 "ref">[49782] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 nullus videtur esse perplexus, quia sic homo cogeretur desperare,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 quasi non posset peccatum evadere. Sed si mali peccarent sacramenta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 tradendo, essent perplexi, quia etiam quandoque peccarent si
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 sacramenta non traderent, puta cum eis ex officio incumbit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 necessitas; dicitur enim I Cor. IX, <i>vae mihi est si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 evangelizavero, necessitas enim mihi incumbit</i>. Quandoque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 propter periculum, sicut si puer, in periculo mortis existens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 offeratur alicui peccatori baptizandus. Ergo videtur quod mali non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 peccent sacramenta ministrando.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49783"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 "ref">[49783] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 quod Dionysius dicit, I cap. Eccles. Hier., quod <i>malis non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 fas neque tangere symbola</i>, idest sacramentalia signa. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 epistola ad Demophilum dicit, <i>talis, scilicet peccator, audax
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 videtur sacerdotalibus manum imponens; et non timet neque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 verecundatur, divina praeter dignitatem exequens, et Deum putans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 ignorare quod ipse in seipso cognovit; et decipere existimat falso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 nomine patrem ab ipso appellatum; et audet immundas infamias non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 dicam orationes, super divina signa Christiformiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 enuntiare</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 co."><a name="49784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 "ref">[49784] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 dicendum quod aliquis in agendo peccat ex hoc quod operatur non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 secundum quod oportet, ut patet per philosophum, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 Ethicorum. Dictum est autem conveniens esse ut sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 ministri sint iusti, quia ministri debent domino conformari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 secundum illud Levit. XIX, <i>sancti eritis, quoniam ego sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 sum</i>; et Eccli. X, <i>secundum iudicem populi, sic et ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 eius</i>. Et ideo non est dubium quin mali exhibentes se ministros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 Dei et Ecclesiae in dispensatione sacramentorum, peccent. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 hoc peccatum pertinet ad irreverentiam Dei et contaminationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 sanctorum, quantum est ex parte ipsius hominis peccatoris, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 sancta secundum seipsa incontaminabilia sint, consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 tale peccatum ex genere suo est mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 "ref">[49785] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 dicendum quod opera caritatis non sunt aliqua consecratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 sanctificata, sed ipsa pertinent ad iustitiae sanctitatem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 quaedam iustitiae partes. Et ideo homo qui se exhibet Deo ministrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 in operibus caritatis, si sit iustus, amplius sanctificabitur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 vero sit peccator, per hoc ad sanctitatem disponitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 sacramenta in seipsis sanctificationem quandam habent per mysticam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 consecrationem. Et ideo praeexigitur in ministro sanctitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 iustitiae, ut congruat suo ministerio. Et ideo incongrue agit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 peccat, si in peccato existens ad tale ministerium accedat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 "ref">[49786] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 dicendum quod ille qui ad sacramenta accedit, suscipit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 sacramentum a ministro Ecclesiae, non inquantum est talis persona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 sed inquantum est Ecclesiae minister. Et ideo, quandiu ab Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 toleratur in ministerio, ille qui ab eo suscipit sacramentum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 communicat peccato eius, sed communicat Ecclesiae, quae eum tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 ministrum exhibet. Si vero ab Ecclesia non toleretur, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 degradatur vel excommunicatur vel suspenditur, peccat qui ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 accipit sacramentum, quia communicat peccato ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 <p title="III q. 64 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 "ref">[49787] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 dicendum quod ille qui est in peccato mortali, non est perplexus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 simpliciter, si ex officio ei incumbat sacramenta dispensare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 potest poenitere de peccato et licite ministrare. Non est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 inconveniens quod sit perplexus supposito quodam, scilicet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 velit remanere in peccato. In articulo tamen necessitatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 peccaret baptizando in casu in quo etiam posset laicus dispensare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 Sic enim patet quod non exhibet se ministrum Ecclesiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 subvenit necessitatem patienti. Secus autem est in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 sacramentis, quae non sunt tantae necessitatis sicut Baptismus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="49788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 "ref">[49788] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Angeli possent sacramenta ministrare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 Quidquid enim potest minister inferior, potest et superior, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 quidquid potest diaconus, potest et sacerdos, sed non convertitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 Sed Angeli sunt superiores ministri in ordine hierarchico quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 etiam quicumque homines, ut patet per Dionysium, in libro Cael.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 Hier. Ergo, cum homines possint ministrare in sacramentis, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 quod multo magis Angeli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="49789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 "ref">[49789] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 homines sancti assimilantur Angelis in caelo, ut dicitur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 XXII. Sed aliqui sancti in caelo existentes possunt ministrare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 sacramentis, quia character sacramentalis est indelebilis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 dictum est. Ergo videtur quod etiam Angeli in sacris possint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 ministrare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="49790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 "ref">[49790] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 sicut supra dictum est, Diabolus est caput malorum, et mali sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 membra eius. Sed per malos possunt dispensari sacramenta. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 videtur quod etiam per Daemones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 s. c."><a name="49791"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 "ref">[49791] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 quod dicitur Heb. V, <i>omnis pontifex, ex hominibus assumptus, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 hominibus constituitur in his quae sunt ad Deum</i>. Sed Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 boni vel mali non sunt ex hominibus. Ergo ipsi non constituuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 ministri in his quae sunt ad Deum, idest in sacramentis.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 co."><a name="49792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 "ref">[49792] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, tota virtus sacramentorum a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 passione Christi derivatur, quae est Christi secundum quod homo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 Cui in natura conformantur homines, non autem Angeli, sed potius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 secundum passionem dicitur modico ab Angelis minoratus, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 Heb. II. Et ideo ad homines pertinet dispensare sacramenta et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 eis ministrare, non autem ad Angelos. Sciendum tamen quod, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 Deus virtutem suam non alligavit sacramentis quin possit sine
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 sacramentis effectum sacramentorum conferre, ita etiam virtutem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 suam non alligavit Ecclesiae ministris, quin etiam Angelis possit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 virtutem tribuere ministrandi in sacramentis. Et quia boni Angeli
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 sunt nuntii veritatis, si aliquod sacramentale ministerium a bonis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 Angelis perficeretur, esset ratum habendum, quia deberet constare
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 hoc fieri voluntate divina, sicut quaedam templa dicuntur angelico
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 ministerio consecrata. Si vero Daemones, qui sunt spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 mendacii, aliquod sacramentale ministerium exhiberent, non esset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 ratum habendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="49793"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 "ref">[49793] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 dicendum quod illud quod faciunt homines inferiori modo, scilicet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 per sacramenta sensibilia, quae sunt proportionata naturae ipsorum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 faciunt Angeli, tanquam superiores ministri, superiori modo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 scilicet invisibiliter purgando, illuminando et perficiendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="49794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 "ref">[49794] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 dicendum quod sancti qui sunt in caelo, sunt similes Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 quantum ad participationem gloriae, non autem quantum ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 conditionem naturae. Et per consequens neque quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 <p title="III q. 64 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="49795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 "ref">[49795] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 dicendum quod mali homines non habent quod possint ministrare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 sacramentis ex hoc quod per malitiam sunt membra Diaboli. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 non sequitur quod Diabolus, qui est eorum caput, magis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="49796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 "ref">[49796] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 proceditur. Videtur quod intentio ministri non requiratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 perfectionem sacramenti. Minister enim in sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 instrumentaliter operatur. Sed actio non perficitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 intentionem instrumenti, sed secundum intentionem principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 agentis. Ergo intentio ministri non requiritur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 sacramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="49797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 "ref">[49797] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 potest homini esse nota intentio alterius. Si igitur intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 ministri requiratur ad perfectionem sacramenti, non posset homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 ad sacramentum accedenti esse notum quod sacramentum suscepisset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 Et ita non posset habere certitudinem salutis, praecipue cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 quaedam sacramenta sint de necessitate salutis, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="49798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 "ref">[49798] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 intentio hominis non potest esse ad id circa quod non est attentus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 Sed aliquando illi qui in sacramentis ministrant, non attendunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 ea quae dicunt vel faciunt, alia cogitantes. Ergo, secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 non perficitur sacramentum, propter intentionis defectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 s. c."><a name="49799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 "ref">[49799] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 quod ea quae sunt praeter intentionem, sunt casualia. Quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 dicendum de operatione sacramentorum. Ergo sacramenta requirunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 intentionem ministri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 co."><a name="49800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 "ref">[49800] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 dicendum quod, quando aliquid se habet ad multa, oportet quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 aliquid determinetur ad unum, si illud effici debeat. Ea vero quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 in sacramentis aguntur, possunt diversimode agi, sicut ablutio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 aquae, quae fit in Baptismo, potest ordinari et ad munditiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 corporalem, et ad sanitatem corporalem, et ad ludum et ad multa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 alia huiusmodi. Et ideo oportet quod determinetur ad unum, idest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 sacramentalem effectum, per intentionem abluentis. Et haec intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 exprimitur per verba quae in sacramentis dicuntur, puta cum dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 ego te baptizo in nomine patris, et cetera.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="49801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 "ref">[49801] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 dicendum quod instrumentum inanimatum non habet aliquam intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 respectu effectus, sed loco intentionis est motus quo movetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 principali agente. Sed instrumentum animatum, sicut est minister,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 non solum movetur, sed etiam quodammodo movet seipsum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 sua voluntate movet membra ad operandum. Et ideo requiritur eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 intentio, qua se subiiciat principali agenti, ut scilicet intendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 facere quod facit Christus et Ecclesia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="49802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 "ref">[49802] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 dicendum quod circa hoc est duplex opinio. Quidam enim dicunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 requiritur mentalis intentio in ministro, quae si desit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 perficitur sacramentum. Sed hunc defectum in pueris, qui non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 intentionem accedendi ad sacramentum, supplet Christus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 interius baptizat. In adultis autem, quia intendunt sacramenta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 suscipere, supplet illum defectum fides et devotio. Sed hoc satis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 posset dici quantum ad ultimum effectum, qui est iustificatio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 peccatis, sed quantum ad effectum qui est res et sacramentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 scilicet quantum ad characterem, non videtur quod per devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 accedentis possit suppleri; quia character nunquam imprimitur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 per sacramentum. Et ideo alii melius dicunt quod minister
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 sacramenti agit in persona totius Ecclesiae, cuius est minister; in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 verbis autem quae proferuntur, exprimitur intentio Ecclesiae; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 sufficit ad perfectionem sacramenti, nisi contrarium exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 exprimatur ex parte ministri et recipientis sacramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 <p title="III q. 64 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="49803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 "ref">[49803] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 dicendum quod, licet ille qui aliud cogitat, non habeat actualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 intentionem, habet tamen habitualem, quae sufficit ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 sacramenti, puta si, cum sacerdos accedit ad baptizandum, intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 facere circa baptizandum quod facit Ecclesia. Unde, si postea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 ipso exercitio actus cogitatio eius ad alia rapiatur, ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 primae intentionis perficitur sacramentum. Quamvis studiose curare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 debeat sacramenti minister ut etiam actualem intentionem adhibeat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 Sed hoc non totaliter est positum in hominis potestate, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 praeter intentionem, cum homo vult multum intendere, incipit alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 cogitare; secundum illud Psalmi, <i>cor meum dereliquit me</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="49804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 "ref">[49804] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 proceditur. Videtur quod fides ministri sit de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 sacramenti. Sicut enim dictum est, intentio ministri est necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 ad sacramenti perfectionem. Sed fides intentionem dirigit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 Augustinus dicit, contra Iulianum. Ergo, si desit vera fides in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 ministro, non perficitur sacramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="49805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 "ref">[49805] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 minister Ecclesiae veram fidem non habeat, videtur esse haereticus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 Sed haeretici, ut videtur, non possunt sacramenta conferre. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 enim Cyprianus, in epistola contra haereticos, <i>omnia quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 faciunt haeretici, carnalia sunt et inania et falsa, ita ut nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 eorum quae illi gesserint, a nobis debeat probari</i>. Et Leo Papa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 dicit, in epistola ad Leonem Augustum, <i>manifestum est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 crudelissimam et insanissimam vesaniam in Alexandrina sede omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 caelestium sacramentorum lumen extinctum. Intercepta est sacrificii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 oblatio, defecit chrismatis sanctificatio, et paricidalibus manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 impiorum omnia sese subtraxere mysteria</i>. Ergo vera fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 ministri est de necessitate sacramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="49806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 "ref">[49806] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 illi qui non habent veram fidem, videntur esse per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 excommunicationem ab Ecclesia separati, dicitur enim in secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 canonica Ioannis, <i>si quis venit ad vos et hanc doctrinam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 affert, nolite recipere eum in domum, nec ave dixeritis ei</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 Tit. III, <i>haereticum hominem, post primam et secundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 correctionem, devita</i>. Sed excommunicatus non videtur conferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 posse Ecclesiae sacramentum, cum sit ab Ecclesia separatus, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 cuius ministerium pertinet sacramentorum dispensatio. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 quod vera fides ministri sit de necessitate sacramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 s. c."><a name="49807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 "ref">[49807] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 quod Augustinus dicit, contra Petilianum Donatistam, <i>mementote
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 sacramentis Dei nihil obesse mores malorum hominum, quod illa vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 non sint, vel minus sancta sint</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 co."><a name="49808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 "ref">[49808] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quia minister in sacramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 instrumentaliter operatur, non agit in virtute propria, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 virtute Christi. Sicut autem pertinet ad propriam virtutem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 caritas, ita et fides. Unde, sicut non requiritur ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 sacramenti quod minister sit in caritate, sed possunt etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 peccatores sacramenta conferre, ut supra dictum est; ita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 requiritur fides eius, sed infidelis potest verum sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 praebere, dummodo cetera adsint quae sunt de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 sacramenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="49809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 "ref">[49809] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 dicendum quod potest contingere quod aliquis patiatur defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 fidei circa aliquid aliud, et non circa veritatem sacramenti quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 exhibet, puta si aliquis credat iuramentum esse in omni casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 illicitum, et tamen credat Baptismum efficaciam habere ad salutem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 Et sic talis infidelitas non impedit intentionem conferendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 sacramentum. Si vero patiatur fidei defectum circa ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 sacramentum quod exhibet, licet credat per id quod agitur exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 nullum sequi interiorem effectum, non tamen ignorat quod Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 Catholica intendit per huiusmodi quae exterius aguntur, sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 praebere. Unde, non obstante infidelitate, potest intendere facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 id quod facit Ecclesia, licet existimet id nihil esse. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 intentio sufficit ad sacramentum, quia, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 minister sacramenti agit in persona totius Ecclesiae, ex cuius fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 suppletur id quod deest fidei ministro.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="49810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 "ref">[49810] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 dicendum quod haereticorum quidam in collatione sacramentorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 formam Ecclesiae non servant. Et tales neque sacramentum conferunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 neque rem sacramenti. Quidam vero servant Ecclesiae formam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 tales conferunt quidem sacramentum, sed non conferunt rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 sacramenti. Et hoc dico, si sunt manifeste ab Ecclesia praecisi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 Quia ex hoc ipso quod aliquis accipit sacramenta ab eis, peccat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 per hoc impeditur ne effectum sacramenti consequatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>firmissime tene,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 et nullatenus dubites, extra Ecclesiam baptizatis, si ad Ecclesiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 non redierint, Baptismo cumulari perniciem</i>. Et per hunc modum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 dicit Leo Papa <i>in sede Alexandrina sacramentorum lumen esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 extinctum</i>, scilicet, quantum ad rem sacramenti, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 quantum ad ipsum sacramentum. Cyprianus autem nec sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 conferre haereticos credebat, sed in hoc eius sententia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 tenetur. Unde Augustinus dicit, <i>martyrem Cyprianum, qui apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 haereticos vel schismaticos datum Baptismum nolebat cognoscere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 tanta merita, usque ad triumphum martyrii, secuta sunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 caritatis qua excellebat luce obumbratio illa fugaretur, et, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 quid purgandum erat, passionis falce tolleretur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 <p title="III q. 64 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="49811"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 "ref">[49811] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 dicendum quod potestas ministrandi sacramenta pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 spiritualem characterem, qui indelebilis est, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 patet. Et ideo per hoc quod aliquis ab Ecclesia suspenditur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 excommunicatur, vel etiam degradatur, non amittit potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 conferendi sacramentum, sed licentiam utendi hac potestate. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 sacramentum quidem confert, sed tamen peccat conferendo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 similiter ille qui ab eo accipit sacramentum, et sic non percipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 rem sacramenti, nisi forte per ignorantiam excusetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="49812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 "ref">[49812] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intentio recta ministri requiratur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 perfectionem sacramenti. Intentio enim ministri debet conformari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 intentioni Ecclesiae, ut ex dictis patet. Sed intentio Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 semper est recta. Ergo de necessitate ad sacramenti perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 requiritur intentio recta ministri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="49813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 "ref">[49813] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 perversa intentio deterior esse videtur quam intentio iocosa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 intentio iocosa tollit sacramentum, puta si aliquis non serio, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 ludo aliquem baptizaret. Ergo multo magis perversa intentio aufert
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 sacramentum, puta si aliquis aliquem baptizaret ut postmodum eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 occideret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="49814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 "ref">[49814] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 perversa intentio facit totum opus vitiosum, secundum illud Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 XI, <i>si oculus tuus fuerit nequam, totum corpus tuum tenebrosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 erit</i>. Sed sacramenta Christi non possunt inquinari per malos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 homines, sicut Augustinus dicit, contra Petilianum. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 quod, si sit perversa intentio ministri, non sit ibi verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 sacramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 s. c."><a name="49815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 "ref">[49815] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 quod perversa intentio pertinet ad malitiam ministri. Sed malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 ministri non tollit sacramentum. Ergo nec perversa intentio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 co."><a name="49816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 "ref">[49816] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 dicendum quod intentio ministri potest perverti dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 modo, respectu ipsius sacramenti, puta cum aliquis non intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 sacramentum conferre, sed delusorie aliquid agere. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 perversitas tollit veritatem sacramenti, praecipue quando suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 intentionem exterius manifestat. Alio modo potest perverti intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 ministri quantum ad id quod sequitur sacramentum, puta si sacerdos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 intendat aliquam feminam baptizare ut abutatur ea; vel si intendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 conficere corpus Christi ut eo ad veneficia utatur. Et quia prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 non dependet a posteriori, inde est quod talis intentionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 perversitas veritatem sacramenti non tollit, sed ipse minister ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 tali intentione graviter peccat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="49817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 "ref">[49817] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 dicendum quod Ecclesiae intentio recta est et quantum ad sacramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 perfectionem, et quantum ad sacramenti usum, sed prima rectitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 perficit sacramentum, secunda operatur ad meritum. Et ideo minister
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 qui conformat intentionem suam Ecclesiae quantum ad primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 rectitudinem, non autem quantum ad secundam, perficit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 sacramentum, sed non est sibi ad meritum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="49818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 "ref">[49818] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 dicendum quod intentio ludicra vel iocosa excludit primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 rectitudinem intentionis, per quam perficitur sacramentum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 <p title="III q. 64 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="49819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 "ref">[49819] III&ordf; q. 64 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 dicendum quod perversa intentio pervertit opus intendentis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 autem opus alterius. Et ideo ex perversa intentione ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 pervertitur id quod agit in sacramentis inquantum est opus eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 non inquantum est opus Christi, cuius est minister. Et est simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 si minister alicuius hominis prava intentione deferret pauperibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 eleemosynam, quam dominus recta intentione mandaret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 <div class="D">Quaestio 65</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 <p title="III q. 65 pr."><a name="49820"><span class="ref">[49820]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 III&ordf; q. 65 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de numero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 sacramentorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 septem sacramenta. Secundo, de ordine eorum ad invicem. Tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 comparatione eorum. Quarto, utrum omnia sint de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 salutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 "ref">[49821] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 proceditur. Videtur quod non debeant esse septem sacramenta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 Sacramenta enim efficaciam habent ex virtute divina, et ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 passionis Christi. Sed una est virtus divina, et una est Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 passio, <i>una enim oblatione consummavit sanctificatos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 sempiternum</i>, ut dicitur Heb. X. Ergo non debuit esse nisi unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 sacramentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 "ref">[49822] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 sacramentum ordinatur contra defectum peccati. Hic autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 duplex, scilicet poena et culpa. Ergo sufficeret esse duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 "ref">[49823] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 sacramenta pertinent ad actiones ecclesiasticae hierarchiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 patet per Dionysium. Sed, sicut ipse dicit, tres sunt actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 hierarchicae, purgatio, illuminatio et perfectio. Ergo non debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 esse nisi tria sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="49824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 "ref">[49824] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 Augustinus dicit, XIX contra Faustum, sacramenta novae legis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 numero pauciora quam sacramenta veteris legis. Sed in veteri lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 non erat aliquod sacramentum quod responderet confirmationi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 extremae unctioni. Ergo neque debent numerari inter sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 novae legis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="49825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 "ref">[49825] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 luxuria non est gravius inter cetera peccata, ut patet ex his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 in secunda parte dicta sunt. Sed contra alia peccata non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 instituitur aliquod sacramentum. Ergo neque contra luxuriam debuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 institui sacramentum matrimonii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 1"><a name="49826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 "ref">[49826] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 videtur quod sint plura sacramenta. Sacramenta enim dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 quaedam sacra signa. Sed multae aliae sanctificationes fiunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 Ecclesia secundum sensibilia signa, sicut aqua benedicta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 consecratio altaris, et alia huiusmodi. Ergo sunt plura sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 quam septem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 2"><a name="49827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 "ref">[49827] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 Hugo de sancto Victore dicit quod sacramenta veteris legis fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 oblationes, decimae et sacrificia. Sed sacrificium Ecclesiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 unum sacramentum, quod dicitur Eucharistia. Ergo etiam oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 et decimae debent dici sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 3"><a name="49828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 "ref">[49828] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 tria sunt genera peccatorum, originale, mortale et veniale. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 contra originale peccatum ordinatur Baptismus; contra mortale autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 poenitentia. Ergo deberet esse aliud, praeter septem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 ordinetur contra veniale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 co."><a name="49829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 "ref">[49829] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ordinantur sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 Ecclesiae ad duo, scilicet, ad perficiendum hominem in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 pertinent ad cultum Dei secundum religionem Christianae vitae; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 etiam in remedium contra defectum peccati. Utroque autem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 convenienter ponuntur septem sacramenta. Vita enim spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 conformitatem aliquam habet ad vitam corporalem, sicut et cetera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 corporalia similitudinem quandam spiritualium habent. In vita autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 corporali dupliciter aliquis perficitur, uno modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 personam propriam; alio modo, per respectum ad totam communitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 societatis in qua vivit, quia homo naturaliter est animal sociale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 Respectu autem sui ipsius perficitur homo in vita corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 dupliciter, uno modo, per se, acquirendo scilicet aliquam vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 perfectionem; alio modo, per accidens, scilicet removendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 impedimenta vitae, puta aegritudines, vel aliquid huiusmodi. Per se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 autem perficitur corporalis vita tripliciter. Primo quidem, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 generationem, per quam homo incipit esse et vivere. Et loco huius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 in spirituali vita est Baptismus, qui est spiritualis regeneratio,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 secundum illud ad Tit. III, <i>per lavacrum regenerationis</i>, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 cetera. Secundo, per augmentum, quo aliquis perducitur ad perfectam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 quantitatem et virtutem. Et loco huius in spirituali vita est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 confirmatio, in qua datur spiritus sanctus ad robur. Unde dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 discipulis iam baptizatis, Luc. ult., <i>sedete in civitate
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 quousque induamini virtute ex alto</i>. Tertio, per nutritionem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 qua conservatur in homine vita et virtus. Et loco huius in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 spirituali vita est Eucharistia. Unde dicitur Ioan. VI, <i>nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 manducaveritis carnem filii hominis et biberitis eius sanguinem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 non habebitis vitam in vobis</i>. Et hoc quidem sufficeret homini
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 si haberet et corporaliter et spiritualiter impassibilem vitam, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 quia homo incurrit interdum et corporalem infirmitatem et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 spiritualem, scilicet peccatum, ideo necessaria est homini curatio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 ab infirmitate. Quae quidem est duplex. Una quidem est sanatio,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 quae sanitatem restituit. Et loco huius in spirituali vita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 poenitentia, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>sana animam meam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 peccavi tibi</i>. Alia autem est restitutio valetudinis pristinae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 per convenientem diaetam et exercitium. Et loco huius in spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 vita est extrema unctio, quae removet peccatorum reliquias, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 hominem paratum reddit ad finalem gloriam. Unde dicitur Iac. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 <i>et si in peccatis sit, dimittetur ei</i>. Perficitur autem homo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 in ordine ad totam communitatem dupliciter. Uno modo, per hoc quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 accipit potestatem regendi multitudinem, et exercendi actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 publicos. Et loco huius in spirituali vita est sacramentum ordinis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 secundum illud Heb. VII, quod sacerdotes hostias offerunt non solum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 pro se, sed etiam pro populo. Secundo, quantum ad naturalem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 propagationem. Quod fit per matrimonium, tam in corporali quam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 spirituali vita, eo quod est non solum sacramentum, sed naturae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 officium. Ex his etiam patet sacramentorum numerus secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 ordinantur contra defectum peccati. Nam Baptismus ordinatur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 carentiam vitae spiritualis; confirmatio contra infirmitatem animi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 quae in nuper natis invenitur; Eucharistia contra labilitatem animi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 ad peccandum; poenitentia contra actuale peccatum post Baptismum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 commissum; extrema unctio contra reliquias peccatorum, quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 scilicet non sunt sufficienter per poenitentiam sublatae, aut ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 negligentia aut ex ignorantia; ordo contra dissolutionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 multitudinis; matrimonium in remedium contra concupiscentiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 personalem, et contra defectum multitudinis qui per mortem accidit.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 Quidam vero accipiunt numerum sacramentorum per quandam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 adaptationem ad virtutes, et ad defectus culparum et poenalitatum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 dicentes quod fidei respondet Baptismus, et ordinatur contra culpam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 originalem; spei extrema unctio, et ordinatur contra culpam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 venialem; caritati Eucharistia, et ordinatur contra poenalitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 malitiae; prudentiae ordo, et ordinatur contra ignorantiam;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 iustitiae poenitentia, et ordinatur contra peccatum mortale;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 temperantiae matrimonium, et ordinatur contra concupiscentiam;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 fortitudini confirmatio, et ordinatur contra infirmitatem.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49830"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 "ref">[49830] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 dicendum quod idem agens principale utitur diversis instrumentis ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 diversos effectus, secundum congruentiam operum. Et similiter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 virtus divina et passio Christi operatur in nobis per diversa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 sacramenta quasi per diversa instrumenta.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49831"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 "ref">[49831] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 dicendum quod culpa et poena diversitatem habent et secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 speciem, inquantum sunt diversae species culparum et poenarum; et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 secundum diversos hominum status et habitudines. Et secundum hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 oportuit multiplicari sacramenta, ut ex dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49832"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 "ref">[49832] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 dicendum quod in actionibus hierarchicis considerantur et agentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 et recipientes, et actiones. Agentes autem sunt ministri Ecclesiae.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 Ad quos pertinet ordinis sacramentum. Recipientes autem sunt illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 qui ad sacramenta accedunt. Qui producuntur per matrimonium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 Actiones autem sunt purgatio, illuminatio et perfectio. Sed sola
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 purgatio non potest esse sacramentum novae legis, quod gratiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 confert, sed pertinet ad quaedam sacramentalia, quae sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 catechismus et exorcismus. Purgatio autem et illuminatio simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 secundum Dionysium, pertinet ad Baptismum, et, propter recidivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 secundario pertinet ad poenitentiam et extremam unctionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 Perfectio autem, quantum ad virtutem quidem, quae est quasi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 perfectio formalis, pertinet ad confirmationem, quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 consecutionem finis, pertinet ad Eucharistiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="49833"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 "ref">[49833] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 dicendum quod in sacramento confirmationis datur plenitudo spiritus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 sancti ad robur; in extrema autem unctione praeparatur homo ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 recipiat immediate gloriam; quorum neutrum competit veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 testamento. Et ideo nihil potuit his sacramentis in veteri lege
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 respondere. Nihilominus tamen sacramenta veteris legis fuerunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 plura numero, propter diversitatem sacrificiorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 caeremoniarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="49834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 "ref">[49834] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 dicendum quod contra concupiscentiam venereorum oportuit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 specialiter remedium adhiberi per aliquod sacramentum, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 quidem, quia per huiusmodi concupiscentiam non solum vitiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 persona, sed etiam natura; secundo, propter vehementiam eius, qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 rationem absorbet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="49835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 "ref">[49835] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 dicendum quod aqua benedicta et aliae consecrationes non dicuntur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 sacramenta, quia non perducunt ad sacramenti effectum, qui est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 gratiae consecutio. Sed sunt dispositiones quaedam ad sacramenta,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 vel removendo prohibens, sicut aqua benedicta ordinatur contra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 insidias Daemonum, et contra peccata venialia; vel idoneitatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 quandam faciendo ad sacramenti perceptionem, sicut consecratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 altare et vasa propter reverentiam Eucharistiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 7"><a name="49836"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 "ref">[49836] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 dicendum quod oblationes et decimae erant, tam in lege naturae quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 in lege Moysi, ordinatae non solum in subsidium ministrorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 pauperum, sed etiam in figuram, et ideo erant sacramenta. Nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 autem non remanserunt inquantum sunt figuralia, et ideo non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 <p title="III q. 65 a. 1 ad 8"><a name="49837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 "ref">[49837] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 8</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 dicendum quod ad deletionem venialis peccati non requiritur infusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 gratiae. Unde, cum in quolibet sacramento novae legis gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 infundatur, nullum sacramentum novae legis instituitur directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 contra veniale; quod tollitur per quaedam sacramentalia, puta per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 aquam benedictam, et alia huiusmodi. Quidam tamen dicunt extremam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 unctionem contra veniale peccatum ordinari. Sed de hoc suo loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49838"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 "ref">[49838] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter sacramenta ordinentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 secundum modum praedictum. Ut enim apostolus dicit, I Cor. XV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 <i>prius est quod est animale, deinde quod spirituale</i>. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 matrimonium generatur homo prima generatione, quae est animalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 per Baptismum autem regeneratur homo secunda generatione quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 spiritualis. Ergo matrimonium debet praecedere Baptismum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 "ref">[49839] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 sacramentum ordinis aliquis accipit potestatem agendi actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 sacramentales. Sed agens est prior sua actione. Ergo ordo debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 praecedere Baptismum et alia sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 "ref">[49840] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 Eucharistia est spirituale nutrimentum, confirmatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 comparatur augmento. Nutrimentum autem est causa augmenti, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 consequens prius. Ergo Eucharistia est prior confirmatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 "ref">[49841] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 poenitentia praeparat hominem ad Eucharistiam. Sed dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 praecedit perfectionem. Ergo poenitentia debet praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 Eucharistiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="49842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 "ref">[49842] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 quod est propinquius fini ultimo, est posterius. Sed extrema
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 unctio, inter omnia sacramenta, propinquior est ultimo fini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 beatitudinis. Ergo debet habere ultimum locum inter sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49843"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 "ref">[49843] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> In contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 est quod communiter ordinantur ab omnibus sacramenta sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 co."><a name="49844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 "ref">[49844] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 dicendum quod ratio ordinis sacramentorum apparet ex his quae supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 dicta sunt. Nam sicut unum est prius quam multitudo, ita sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 quae ordinantur ad perfectionem unius personae, naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 praecedunt ea quae ordinantur ad perfectionem multitudinis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 ultimo inter sacramenta ponuntur ordo et matrimonium, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 ordinantur ad multitudinis perfectionem, matrimonium tamen post
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 ordinem, eo quod minus participat de ratione spiritualis vitae, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 quam ordinantur sacramenta. Inter ea vero quae ordinantur ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 perfectionem unius personae, naturaliter sunt priora illa quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 se ordinantur ad perfectionem spiritualis vitae, quam illa quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 ordinantur per accidens, scilicet ad removendum nocivum accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 superveniens, cuiusmodi sunt poenitentia et extrema unctio.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 Posterior tamen est naturaliter extrema unctio, quae conservat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 sanationem quam poenitentia inchoat. Inter alia vero tria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 manifestum est quod Baptismus, qui est spiritualis regeneratio, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 primum; et deinde confirmatio, quae ordinatur ad formalem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 perfectionem virtutis; et postmodum Eucharistia, quae ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 perfectionem finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49845"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 "ref">[49845] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 dicendum quod matrimonium, secundum quod ordinatur ad animalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 vitam, est naturae officium. Sed secundum quod habet aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 spiritualitatis, est sacramentum. Et quia minimum habet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 spiritualitate, ultimo ponitur inter sacramenta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 "ref">[49846] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 dicendum quod, ad hoc quod aliquid sit agens, praesupponitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 sit in se perfectum. Et ideo priora sunt sacramenta quibus aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 in seipso perficitur, quam sacramentum ordinis, in quo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 constituitur perfector aliorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 "ref">[49847] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 dicendum quod nutrimentum et praecedit augmentum, sicut causa eius;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 et subsequitur augmentum, sicut conservans hominem in perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 quantitate et virtute. Et ideo potest Eucharistia praemitti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 confirmationi, ut Dionysius facit, in libro Eccl. Hier., et potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 postponi, sicut Magister facit, in IV sententiarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 "ref">[49848] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 dicendum quod ratio illa recte procederet si poenitentia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 necessitate requireretur ut praeparatoria ad Eucharistiam. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 non est verum, nam si aliquis esset sine peccato mortali, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 indigeret poenitentia ad sumptionem Eucharistiae. Et sic patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 per accidens poenitentia praeparat ad Eucharistiam, scilicet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 supposito peccato. Unde dicitur II Paral. ult., <i>tu, domine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 iustorum, non posuisti poenitentiam iustis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 <p title="III q. 65 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="49849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 "ref">[49849] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 dicendum quod extrema unctio, propter rationem inductam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 ultimum inter sacramenta quae ordinantur ad perfectionem unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 personae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 "ref">[49850] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum Eucharistiae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 potissimum inter sacramenta. Bonum enim commune potius est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 bonum unius, ut dicitur I Ethic. Sed matrimonium ordinatur ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 commune speciei humanae per viam generationis, sacramentum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 Eucharistiae ordinatur ad bonum proprium sumentis. Ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 potissimum sacramentorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 "ref">[49851] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 digniora sacramenta esse videntur quae per maiorem ministrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 conferuntur. Sed sacramentum confirmationis et sacramentum ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 non conferuntur nisi per episcopum, qui est maior minister quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 simplex minister, qui est sacerdos, per quem confertur Eucharistiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 sacramentum. Ergo illa sacramenta sunt potiora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 "ref">[49852] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 sacramenta tanto sunt potiora quanto maiorem virtutem habent. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 quaedam sacramenta imprimunt characterem, scilicet Baptismus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 confirmatio et ordo, quod non facit Eucharistia. Ergo illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 sacramenta sunt potiora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="49853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 "ref">[49853] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 illud videtur esse potius ex quo alia dependent et non e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 Sed ex Baptismo dependet Eucharistia, non enim potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 Eucharistiam accipere nisi fuerit baptizatus. Ergo Baptismus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 potior Eucharistia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 "ref">[49854] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 quod Dionysius dicit, III cap. Eccles. Hier., quod <i>non contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 aliquem perfici perfectione hierarchica nisi per divinissimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 Eucharistiam</i>. Ergo hoc sacramentum potissimum et perfectivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 est omnium aliorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 co."><a name="49855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 "ref">[49855] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 dicendum quod, simpliciter loquendo, sacramentum Eucharistiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 potissimum inter alia sacramenta. Quod quidem tripliciter apparet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 Primo quidem, ex eo quod in eo continetur ipse Christus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 substantialiter, in aliis autem sacramentis continetur quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 virtus instrumentalis participata a Christo, ut ex supra dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 patet. Semper autem quod est per essentiam, potius est eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 per participationem. Secundo hoc apparet ex ordine sacramentorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 invicem, nam omnia alia sacramenta ordinari videntur ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 sacramentum sicut ad finem. Manifestum est enim quod sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 ordinis ordinatur ad Eucharistiae consecrationem. Sacramentum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 Baptismi ordinatur ad Eucharistiae receptionem. In quo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 perficitur aliquis per confirmationem, ut non vereatur se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 subtrahere a tali sacramento. Per poenitentiam etiam et extremam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 unctionem praeparatur homo ad digne sumendum corpus Christi.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 Matrimonium autem saltem sua significatione attingit hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 sacramentum, inquantum significat coniunctionem Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 Ecclesiae, cuius unitas per sacramentum Eucharistiae figuratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 unde et apostolus dicit, Ephes. V, <i>sacramentum hoc magnum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 ego autem dico in Christo et in Ecclesia</i>. Tertio hoc apparet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 ritu sacramentorum. Nam fere omnia sacramenta in Eucharistia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 consummantur, ut dicit Dionysius, III cap. Eccles. Hier., sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 patet quod ordinati communicant, et etiam baptizati si sint adulti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 Aliorum autem sacramentorum comparatio ad invicem potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 multipliciter. Nam in via necessitatis, Baptismus est potissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 sacramentorum; in via autem perfectionis, sacramentum ordinis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 medio autem modo se habet sacramentum confirmationis. Sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 vero poenitentiae et extremae unctionis sunt inferioris gradus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 praedictis sacramentis, quia, sicut dictum est, ordinantur ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 Christianam non per se, sed quasi per accidens, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 remedium supervenientis defectus. Inter quae tamen extrema unctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 comparatur ad poenitentiam sicut confirmatio ad Baptismum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 scilicet quod poenitentia est maioris necessitatis, sed extrema
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 unctio est maioris perfectionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 "ref">[49856] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 dicendum quod matrimonium ordinatur ad bonum commune corporaliter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 Sed bonum commune spirituale totius Ecclesiae continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 substantialiter in ipso Eucharistiae sacramento.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 "ref">[49857] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 dicendum quod per ordinem et confirmationem deputantur fideles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 Christi ad aliqua specialia officia, quod pertinet ad officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 principis. Et ideo tradere huiusmodi sacramenta pertinet ad solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 episcopum, qui est quasi princeps in Ecclesia. Per sacramentum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 Eucharistiae non deputatur homo ad aliquod officium, sed magis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 sacramentum est finis omnium officiorum, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 "ref">[49858] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 dicendum quod character sacramentalis, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 quaedam participatio est sacerdotii Christi. Unde sacramentum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 ipsum Christum coniungit homini, est dignius sacramento quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 imprimit Christi characterem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 <p title="III q. 65 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="49859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 "ref">[49859] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte necessitatis. Sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 Baptismus, cum sit maximae necessitatis, est potissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 sacramentorum. Sicut ordo et confirmatio habent quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 excellentiam ratione ministerii; et matrimonium ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 significationis. Nihil enim prohibet aliquid esse secundum quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 dignius, quod tamen non est dignius simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 "ref">[49860] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 proceditur. Videtur quod omnia sacramenta sunt de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 salutis. Id enim quod non est necessarium, videtur esse superfluum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 Sed nullum sacramentum est superfluum, quia Deus nihil facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 frustra. Ergo omnia sacramenta sunt de necessitate salutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 "ref">[49861] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 sicut de Baptismo dicitur, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 spiritu sancto, non potest introire in regnum Dei</i>, ita de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 Eucharistia dicitur, Ioan. VI, <i>nisi manducaveritis carnem filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 hominis et biberitis eius sanguinem, non habebitis vitam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 vobis</i>. Ergo, sicut Baptismus est sacramentum necessitatis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 et Eucharistia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 "ref">[49862] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 sine sacramento Baptismi potest aliquis salvus fieri, dummodo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 contemptus religionis, sed necessitas sacramentum excludat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 infra dicetur. Sed in quolibet sacramento contemptus religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 impedit hominis salutem. Ergo, pari ratione, omnia sacramenta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 de necessitate salutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 "ref">[49863] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 quod pueri salvantur per solum Baptismum, sine aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 sacramentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 co."><a name="49864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 "ref">[49864] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 dicendum quod necessarium respectu finis, de quo nunc loquimur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 dicitur aliquid dupliciter. Uno modo, sine quo non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 finis, sicut cibus est necessarius vitae humanae. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 simpliciter necessarium ad finem. Alio modo dicitur esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 necessarium id sine quo non habetur finis ita convenienter, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 equus necessarius est ad iter. Hoc autem non est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 necessarium ad finem. Primo igitur modo necessitatis sunt tria
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 sacramenta necessaria. Duo quidem personae singulari, Baptismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 quidem simpliciter et absolute; poenitentia autem, supposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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3608 peccato mortali post Baptismum. Sacramentum autem ordinis est
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3609 necessarium Ecclesiae, quia, <i>ubi non est gubernator, populus
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3610 corruet</i>, ut dicitur Proverb. XI. Sed secundo modo sunt
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3611 necessaria alia sacramenta. Nam confirmatio perficit Baptismum
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3612 quodammodo; extrema unctio poenitentiam; matrimonium vero Ecclesiae
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3613 multitudinem per propagationem conservat.</p>
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3614 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49865"><span class=
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3615 "ref">[49865] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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3616 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliquid non sit superfluum, sufficit
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3617 necessarium primo vel secundo modo. Et sic sunt necessaria
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3618 sacramenta, ut dictum est.</p>
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3619 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49866"><span class=
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3620 "ref">[49866] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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3621 dicendum quod illud verbum domini est intelligendum de spirituali
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3622 manducatione, et non de sola sacramentali, ut Augustinus exponit,
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3623 super Ioannem.</p>
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3624 <p title="III q. 65 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49867"><span class=
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3625 "ref">[49867] III&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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3626 dicendum quod, licet omnium sacramentorum contemptus sit saluti
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3627 contrarius, non tamen est contemptus sacramenti ex hoc quod aliquis
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3628 non curat accipere sacramentum quod non est de necessitate salutis.
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3629 Alioquin qui non accipiunt ordinem, et qui non contrahunt
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3630 matrimonium, contemnerent huiusmodi sacramenta.</p>
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3631 <div class="centro"><br />
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3632 <p><a href="sth4053.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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3633 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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3634 <a href="sth4066.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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3635 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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3636 <br />
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3637 <hr />
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3638 <br />
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3639 <address>&copy; 2006 Fundaci&oacute;n Tom&aacute;s de Aquino quoad
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3640 hanc editionem<br />
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3641 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
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3642 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
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3643 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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3644 </div>
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3645 </body>
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3646 </html>