Aquinas: summa/latin/sth1015.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth1015.html @ 35:178aed5d2c3c

convert to XML

author	ht
date	Mon, 30 Nov 2009 22:05:42 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 15-27</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione XV ad quaestionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 XXVII</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <th><img src="icons/ghent190.jpg" width="120" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 "0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" align=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1888 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <p><a href="sth1003.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <a href="sth1028.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	54 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	55 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29019">Iª q. 15 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29020">Iª q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29021">Iª q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29022">Iª q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29023">Iª q. 15 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29024">Iª q. 15 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29025">Iª q. 15 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29026">Iª q. 15 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29027">Iª q. 15 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29028">Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29029">Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29030">Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29031">Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29032">Iª q. 15 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29033">Iª q. 15 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29034">Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29035">Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29036">Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29037">Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29038">Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29039">Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29040">Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29041">Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29042">Iª q. 15 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29043">Iª q. 15 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29044">Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29045">Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29046">Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29047">Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29048">Iª q. 16 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29049">Iª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29050">Iª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29051">Iª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29052">Iª q. 16 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29053">Iª q. 16 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29054">Iª q. 16 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29055">Iª q. 16 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29056">Iª q. 16 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29057">Iª q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29058">Iª q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29059">Iª q. 16 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29060">Iª q. 16 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29061">Iª q. 16 a. 2 ad');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29062">Iª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29063">Iª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29064">Iª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29065">Iª q. 16 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29066">Iª q. 16 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29067">Iª q. 16 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29068">Iª q. 16 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29069">Iª q. 16 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29070">Iª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29071">Iª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29072">Iª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29073">Iª q. 16 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29074">Iª q. 16 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29075">Iª q. 16 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29076">Iª q. 16 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29077">Iª q. 16 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29078">Iª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29079">Iª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29080">Iª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29081">Iª q. 16 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29082">Iª q. 16 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29083">Iª q. 16 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29084">Iª q. 16 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29085">Iª q. 16 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29086">Iª q. 16 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29087">Iª q. 16 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29088">Iª q. 16 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29089">Iª q. 16 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29090">Iª q. 16 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29091">Iª q. 16 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29092">Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29093">Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29094">Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29095">Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29096">Iª q. 16 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29097">Iª q. 16 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29098">Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29099">Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29100">Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29101">Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29102">Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29103">Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29104">Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29105">Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29106">Iª q. 16 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29107">Iª q. 16 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29108">Iª q. 16 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29109">Iª q. 16 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29110">Iª q. 16 a. 8 ad 3');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	557 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29512">Iª q. 25 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	558 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29513">Iª q. 25 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	559 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29514">Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29515">Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	561 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29516">Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	562 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29517">Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	563 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29518">Iª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	564 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29519">Iª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	565 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29520">Iª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	566 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29521">Iª q. 25 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	567 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29522">Iª q. 25 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	568 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29523">Iª q. 25 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	569 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29524">Iª q. 25 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	570 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29525">Iª q. 25 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	571 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29526">Iª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	572 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29527">Iª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	573 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29528">Iª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	574 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29529">Iª q. 25 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	575 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29530">Iª q. 25 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	576 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29531">Iª q. 25 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	577 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29532">Iª q. 25 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	578 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29533">Iª q. 25 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	579 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29534">Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	580 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29535">Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	581 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29536">Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	582 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29537">Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	583 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29538">Iª q. 25 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	584 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29539">Iª q. 25 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	585 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29540">Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	586 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29541">Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	587 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29542">Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	588 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29543">Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	589 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29544">Iª q. 26 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	590 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29545">Iª q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	591 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29546">Iª q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	592 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29547">Iª q. 26 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	593 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29548">Iª q. 26 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	594 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29549">Iª q. 26 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	595 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29550">Iª q. 26 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	596 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29551">Iª q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	597 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29552">Iª q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	598 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29553">Iª q. 26 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	599 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29554">Iª q. 26 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	600 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29555">Iª q. 26 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	601 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29556">Iª q. 26 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	602 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29557">Iª q. 26 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	603 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29558">Iª q. 26 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	604 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29559">Iª q. 26 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	605 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29560">Iª q. 26 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	606 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29561">Iª q. 26 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	607 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29562">Iª q. 26 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	608 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29563">Iª q. 26 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	609 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29564">Iª q. 26 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	610 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29565">Iª q. 26 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	611 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29566">Iª q. 26 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	612 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29567">Iª q. 26 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	613 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29568">Iª q. 26 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	614 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29569">Iª q. 27 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	615 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29570">Iª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	616 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29571">Iª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	617 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29572">Iª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	618 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29573">Iª q. 27 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	619 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29574">Iª q. 27 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	620 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29575">Iª q. 27 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	621 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29576">Iª q. 27 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	622 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29577">Iª q. 27 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	623 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29578">Iª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	624 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29579">Iª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	625 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29580">Iª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	626 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29581">Iª q. 27 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	627 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29582">Iª q. 27 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	628 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29583">Iª q. 27 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	629 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29584">Iª q. 27 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	630 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29585">Iª q. 27 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	631 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29586">Iª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	632 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29587">Iª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	633 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29588">Iª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	634 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29589">Iª q. 27 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	635 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29590">Iª q. 27 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	636 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29591">Iª q. 27 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	637 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29592">Iª q. 27 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	638 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29593">Iª q. 27 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	639 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29594">Iª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	640 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29595">Iª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	641 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29596">Iª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	642 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29597">Iª q. 27 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	643 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29598">Iª q. 27 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	644 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29599">Iª q. 27 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	645 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29600">Iª q. 27 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	646 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29601">Iª q. 27 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	647 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29602">Iª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	648 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29603">Iª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	649 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29604">Iª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	650 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29605">Iª q. 27 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	651 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29606">Iª q. 27 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	652 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29607">Iª q. 27 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	653 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29608">Iª q. 27 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	654 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#29609">Iª q. 27 a. 5 ad 3');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	656 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	657 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	659 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 <div class="D">Quaestio 15</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 <p title="I q. 15 pr."><a name="29019"><span class="ref">[29019]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 Iª q. 15 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem de scientia Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 restat considerare de ideis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 an sint ideae. Secundo, utrum sint plures, vel una tantum. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 utrum sint omnium quae cognoscuntur a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 "ref">[29020] Iª q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 proceditur. Videtur quod ideae non sint. Dicit enim Dionysius, VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 cap. de Div. Nom., quod Deus non cognoscit res secundum ideam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 ideae non ponuntur ad aliud, nisi ut per eas cognoscantur res. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 ideae non sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 "ref">[29021] Iª q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 in seipso cognoscit omnia, ut supra dictum est. Sed seipsum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 cognoscit per ideam. Ergo nec alia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 "ref">[29022] Iª q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, idea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 ponitur ut principium cognoscendi et operandi. Sed essentia divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 est sufficiens principium cognoscendi et operandi omnia. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 necesse est ponere ideas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 "ref">[29023] Iª q. 15 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>tanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 vis in ideis constituitur, ut, nisi his intellectis, sapiens esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 nemo possit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 co."><a name="29024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 "ref">[29024] Iª q. 15 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 quod necesse est ponere in mente divina ideas. Idea enim Graece,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 Latine forma dicitur, unde per ideas intelliguntur formae aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 rerum, praeter ipsas res existentes. Forma autem alicuius rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 praeter ipsam existens, ad duo esse potest, vel ut sit exemplar
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 eius cuius dicitur forma; vel ut sit principium cognitionis ipsius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 secundum quod formae cognoscibilium dicuntur esse in cognoscente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 Et quantum ad utrumque est necesse ponere ideas. Quod sic patet. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 omnibus enim quae non a casu generantur, necesse est formam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 finem generationis cuiuscumque. Agens autem non ageret propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 formam, nisi inquantum similitudo formae est in ipso. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 contingit dupliciter. In quibusdam enim agentibus praeexistit forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 rei fiendae secundum esse naturale, sicut in his quae agunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 naturam; sicut homo generat hominem, et ignis ignem. In quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 vero secundum esse intelligibile, ut in his quae agunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 intellectum; sicut similitudo domus praeexistit in mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 aedificatoris. Et haec potest dici idea domus, quia artifex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 intendit domum assimilare formae quam mente concepit. Quia igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 mundus non est casu factus, sed est factus a Deo per intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 agente, ut infra patebit, necesse est quod in mente divina sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 forma, ad similitudinem cuius mundus est factus. Et in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 consistit ratio ideae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 "ref">[29025] Iª q. 15 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 dicendum quod Deus non intelligit res secundum ideam extra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 existentem. Et sic etiam Aristoteles improbat opinionem Platonis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 ideis, secundum quod ponebat eas per se existentes, non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 "ref">[29026] Iª q. 15 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 dicendum quod, licet Deus per essentiam suam se et alia cognoscat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 tamen essentia sua est principium operativum aliorum, non autem sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 ipsius, et ideo habet rationem ideae secundum quod ad alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 comparatur, non autem secundum quod comparatur ad ipsum Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 <p title="I q. 15 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 "ref">[29027] Iª q. 15 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 dicendum quod Deus secundum essentiam suam est similitudo omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 rerum. Unde idea in Deo nihil est aliud quam Dei essentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 "ref">[29028] Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 proceditur. Videtur quod non sint plures ideae. Idea enim in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 est eius essentia. Sed essentia Dei est una tantum. Ergo et idea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 est una.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 "ref">[29029] Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 idea est principium cognoscendi et operandi, ita ars et sapientia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 Sed in Deo non sunt plures artes et sapientiae. Ergo nec plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 ideae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 "ref">[29030] Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Si dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 ideae multiplicantur secundum respectus ad diversas creaturas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 contra, pluralitas idearum est ab aeterno. Si ergo ideae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 plures, creaturae autem sunt temporales, ergo temporale erit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 aeterni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 "ref">[29031] Iª q. 15 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 respectus isti aut sunt secundum rem in creaturis tantum, aut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 in Deo. Si in creaturis tantum, cum creaturae non sint ab aeterno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 pluralitas idearum non erit ab aeterno, si multiplicentur solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 secundum huiusmodi respectus. Si autem realiter sunt in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 sequitur quod alia pluralitas realis sit in Deo quam pluralitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 personarum, quod est contra Damascenum, dicentem quod in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 omnia unum sunt, praeter ingenerationem, generationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 processionem. Sic igitur non sunt plures ideae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 "ref">[29032] Iª q. 15 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>ideae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 sunt principales quaedam formae vel rationes rerum stabiles atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 incommutabiles, quia ipsae formatae non sunt, ac per hoc aeternae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 ac semper eodem modo se habentes, quae divina intelligentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 continentur. Sed cum ipsae neque oriantur neque intereant, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 eas tamen formari dicitur omne quod oriri et interire potest, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 omne quod oritur et interit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 co."><a name="29033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 "ref">[29033] Iª q. 15 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 quod necesse est ponere plures ideas. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 considerandum est quod in quolibet effectu illud quod est ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 finis, proprie est intentum a principali agente; sicut ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 exercitus a duce. Illud autem quod est optimum in rebus existens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 est bonum ordinis universi, ut patet per philosophum in XII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 Metaphys. Ordo igitur universi est proprie a Deo intentus, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 per accidens proveniens secundum successionem agentium, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 quidam dixerunt quod Deus creavit primum creatum tantum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 creatum creavit secundum creatum, et sic inde quousque producta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 tanta rerum multitudo, secundum quam opinionem, Deus non haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 nisi ideam primi creati. Sed si ipse ordo universi est per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 creatus ab eo, et intentus ab ipso, necesse est quod habeat ideam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 ordinis universi. Ratio autem alicuius totius haberi non potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 nisi habeantur propriae rationes eorum ex quibus totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 constituitur, sicut aedificator speciem domus concipere non posset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 nisi apud ipsum esset propria ratio cuiuslibet partium eius. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 igitur oportet quod in mente divina sint propriae rationes omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 rerum. Unde dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 quod <i>singula propriis rationibus a Deo creata sunt</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 sequitur quod in mente divina sint plures ideae. Hoc autem quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 divinae simplicitati non repugnet, facile est videre, si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 consideret ideam operati esse in mente operantis sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 intelligitur; non autem sicut species qua intelligitur, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 forma faciens intellectum in actu. Forma enim domus in mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 aedificatoris est aliquid ab eo intellectum, ad cuius similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 domum in materia format. Non est autem contra simplicitatem divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 intellectus, quod multa intelligat, sed contra simplicitatem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 esset, si per plures species eius intellectus formaretur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 plures ideae sunt in mente divina ut intellectae ab ipso. Quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 modo potest videri. Ipse enim essentiam suam perfecte cognoscit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 unde cognoscit eam secundum omnem modum quo cognoscibilis est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 Potest autem cognosci non solum secundum quod in se est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 secundum quod est participabilis secundum aliquem modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 similitudinis a creaturis. Unaquaeque autem creatura habet propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 speciem, secundum quod aliquo modo participat divinae essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 similitudinem. Sic igitur inquantum Deus cognoscit suam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 ut sic imitabilem a tali creatura, cognoscit eam ut propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 rationem et ideam huius creaturae. Et similiter de aliis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 patet quod Deus intelligit plures rationes proprias plurium rerum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 quae sunt plures ideae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 "ref">[29034] Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 dicendum quod idea non nominat divinam essentiam inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 essentia, sed inquantum est similitudo vel ratio huius vel illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 rei. Unde secundum quod sunt plures rationes intellectae ex una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 essentia, secundum hoc dicuntur plures ideae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 "ref">[29035] Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 dicendum quod sapientia et ars significantur ut quo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 intelligit, sed idea ut quod Deus intelligit. Deus autem uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 intelligit multa; et non solum secundum quod in seipsis sunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 etiam secundum quod intellecta sunt; quod est intelligere plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 rationes rerum. Sicut artifex, dum intelligit formam domus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 materia, dicitur intelligere domum, dum autem intelligit formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 domus ut a se speculatam, ex eo quod intelligit se intelligere eam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 intelligit ideam vel rationem domus. Deus autem non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 intelligit multas res per essentiam suam, sed etiam intelligit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 intelligere multa per essentiam suam. Sed hoc est intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 plures rationes rerum; vel, plures ideas esse in intellectu eius ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 intellectas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 "ref">[29036] Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 dicendum quod huiusmodi respectus, quibus multiplicantur ideae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 causantur a rebus, sed ab intellectu divino, comparante essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 suam ad res.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 <p title="I q. 15 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 "ref">[29037] Iª q. 15 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 dicendum quod respectus multiplicantes ideas, non sunt in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 creatis, sed in Deo. Non tamen sunt reales respectus, sicut illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 quibus distinguuntur personae, sed respectus intellecti a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 "ref">[29038] Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 proceditur. Videtur quod non omnium quae cognoscit Deus, sint ideae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 in ipso. Mali enim idea non est in Deo, quia sequeretur malum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 in Deo. Sed mala cognoscuntur a Deo. Ergo non omnium quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 cognoscuntur a Deo, sunt ideae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 "ref">[29039] Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 cognoscit ea quae nec sunt nec erunt nec fuerunt, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 est. Sed horum non sunt ideae, quia dicit Dionysius, V cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 Nom., quod <i>exemplaria sunt divinae voluntates, determinativae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 effectivae rerum</i>. Ergo non omnium quae a Deo cognoscuntur, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 ideae in ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 "ref">[29040] Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 cognoscit materiam primam, quae non potest habere ideam, cum nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 habeat formam. Ergo idem quod prius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="29041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 "ref">[29041] Iª q. 15 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 constat quod Deus scit non solum species, sed etiam genera et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 singularia et accidentia. Sed horum non sunt ideae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 positionem Platonis, qui primus ideas introduxit, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 Augustinus. Non ergo omnium cognitorum a Deo sunt ideae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 ipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 "ref">[29042] Iª q. 15 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, ideae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 sunt rationes in mente divina existentes, ut per Augustinum patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 Sed omnium quae cognoscit, Deus habet proprias rationes. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 omnium quae cognoscit, habet ideam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 co."><a name="29043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 "ref">[29043] Iª q. 15 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 quod, cum ideae a Platone ponerentur principia cognitionis rerum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 generationis ipsarum, ad utrumque se habet idea, prout in mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 divina ponitur. Et secundum quod est principium factionis rerum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 exemplar dici potest, et ad practicam cognitionem pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 Secundum autem quod principium cognoscitivum est, proprie dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 ratio; et potest etiam ad scientiam speculativam pertinere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 Secundum ergo quod exemplar est, secundum hoc se habet ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 quae a Deo fiunt secundum aliquod tempus. Secundum vero quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 principium cognoscitivum est, se habet ad omnia quae cognoscuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 Deo, etiam si nullo tempore fiant; et ad omnia quae a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 cognoscuntur secundum propriam rationem, et secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 cognoscuntur ab ipso per modum speculationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 "ref">[29044] Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 dicendum quod malum cognoscitur a Deo non per propriam rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 sed per rationem boni. Et ideo malum non habet in Deo ideam, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 secundum quod idea est exemplar, neque secundum quod est ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 "ref">[29045] Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 dicendum quod eorum quae neque sunt neque erunt neque fuerunt, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 non habet practicam cognitionem, nisi virtute tantum. Unde respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 eorum non est idea in Deo, secundum quod idea significat exemplar,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 sed solum secundum quod significat rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 "ref">[29046] Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 dicendum quod Plato, secundum quosdam, posuit materiam non creatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 et ideo non posuit ideam esse materiae, sed materiae concausam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 quia nos ponimus materiam creatam a Deo, non tamen sine forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 habet quidem materia ideam in Deo, non tamen aliam ab idea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 compositi. Nam materia secundum se neque esse habet, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 cognoscibilis est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 <p title="I q. 15 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="29047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 "ref">[29047] Iª q. 15 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 dicendum quod genera non possunt habere ideam aliam ab idea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 speciei, secundum quod idea significat exemplar, quia nunquam genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 fit nisi in aliqua specie. Similiter etiam est de accidentibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 inseparabiliter concomitantur subiectum, quia haec simul fiunt cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 subiecto. Accidentia autem quae superveniunt subiecto, specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 ideam habent. Artifex enim per formam domus facit omnia accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 quae a principio concomitantur domum, sed ea quae superveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 domui iam factae, ut picturae vel aliquid aliud, facit per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 aliam formam. Individua vero, secundum Platonem, non habebant aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 ideam quam ideam speciei, tum quia singularia individuantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 materiam, quam ponebat esse increatam, ut quidam dicunt, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 concausam ideae; tum quia intentio naturae consistit in speciebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 nec particularia producit, nisi ut in eis species salventur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 providentia divina non solum se extendit ad species, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 singularia, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 <div class="D">Quaestio 16</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 <p title="I q. 16 pr."><a name="29048"><span class="ref">[29048]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 Iª q. 16 pr.</span></a> Quoniam autem scientia verorum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 post considerationem scientiae Dei, de veritate inquirendum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 Circa quam quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum veritas sit in re, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 tantum in intellectu. Secundo, utrum sit tantum in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 componente et dividente. Tertio, de comparatione veri ad ens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 Quarto, de comparatione veri ad bonum. Quinto, utrum Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 veritas. Sexto, utrum omnia sint vera veritate una, vel pluribus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 Septimo, de aeternitate veritatis. Octavo, de incommutabilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 "ref">[29049] Iª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 proceditur. Videtur quod veritas non sit tantum in intellectu, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 magis in rebus. Augustinus enim, in libro Soliloq., reprobat hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 notificationem veri, verum est id quod videtur, quia secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 lapides qui sunt in abditissimo terrae sinu, non essent veri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 lapides, quia non videntur. Reprobat etiam istam, verum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 ita se habet ut videtur cognitori, si velit et possit cognoscere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 quia secundum hoc sequeretur quod nihil esset verum, si nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 posset cognoscere. Et definit sic verum, verum est id quod est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 sic videtur quod veritas sit in rebus, et non in intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 "ref">[29050] Iª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 quidquid est verum, veritate verum est. Si igitur veritas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 intellectu solo, nihil erit verum nisi secundum quod intelligitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 quod est error antiquorum philosophorum, qui dicebant omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 videtur, esse verum. Ad quod sequitur contradictoria simul esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 vera, cum contradictoria simul a diversis vera esse videantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 "ref">[29051] Iª q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 propter quod unumquodque, et illud magis</i>, ut patet I Poster.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 <i>Sed ex eo quod res est vel non est, est opinio vel oratio vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 vel falsa</i>, secundum philosophum in praedicamentis. Ergo veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 magis est in rebus quam in intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 "ref">[29052] Iª q. 16 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 quod philosophus dicit, VI Metaphys., quod <i>verum et falsum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 sunt in rebus, sed in intellectu</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 co."><a name="29053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 "ref">[29053] Iª q. 16 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 quod, sicut bonum nominat id in quod tendit appetitus, ita verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 nominat id in quod tendit intellectus. Hoc autem distat inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 appetitum et intellectum, sive quamcumque cognitionem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 cognitio est secundum quod cognitum est in cognoscente, appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 autem est secundum quod appetens inclinatur in ipsam rem appetitam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 Et sic terminus appetitus, quod est bonum, est in re appetibili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 sed terminus cognitionis, quod est verum, est in ipso intellectu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 Sicut autem bonum est in re, inquantum habet ordinem ad appetitum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 et propter hoc ratio bonitatis derivatur a re appetibili in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 appetitum, secundum quod appetitus dicitur bonus, prout est boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 ita, cum verum sit in intellectu secundum quod conformatur rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 intellectae, necesse est quod ratio veri ab intellectu ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 intellectam derivetur, ut res etiam intellecta vera dicatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 secundum quod habet aliquem ordinem ad intellectum. Res autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 intellecta ad intellectum aliquem potest habere ordinem vel per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 vel per accidens. Per se quidem habet ordinem ad intellectum a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 dependet secundum suum esse, per accidens autem ad intellectum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 quo cognoscibilis est. Sicut si dicamus quod domus comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 intellectum artificis per se, per accidens autem comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 intellectum a quo non dependet. Iudicium autem de re non sumitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 secundum id quod inest ei per accidens, sed secundum id quod inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 ei per se. Unde unaquaeque res dicitur vera absolute, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 ordinem ad intellectum a quo dependet. Et inde est quod res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 artificiales dicuntur verae per ordinem ad intellectum nostrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 dicitur enim domus vera, quae assequitur similitudinem formae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 est in mente artificis; et dicitur oratio vera, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 signum intellectus veri. Et similiter res naturales dicuntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 verae, secundum quod assequuntur similitudinem specierum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 in mente divina, dicitur enim verus lapis, qui assequitur propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 lapidis naturam, secundum praeconceptionem intellectus divini. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 ergo veritas principaliter est in intellectu; secundario vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 rebus, secundum quod comparantur ad intellectum ut ad principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 Et secundum hoc, veritas diversimode notificatur. Nam Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 in libro de vera Relig., dicit quod <i>veritas est, qua ostenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 id quod est</i>. Et Hilarius dicit quod <i>verum est declarativum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 aut manifestativum esse</i>. Et hoc pertinet ad veritatem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 quod est in intellectu. Ad veritatem autem rei secundum ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 intellectum, pertinet definitio Augustini in libro de vera Relig.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 <i>veritas est summa similitudo principii, quae sine ulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 dissimilitudine est</i>. Et quaedam definitio Anselmi, <i>veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 est rectitudo sola mente perceptibilis</i>; nam rectum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 principio concordat. Et quaedam definitio Avicennae, <i>veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 uniuscuiusque rei est proprietas sui esse quod stabilitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 ei</i>. Quod autem dicitur quod veritas est adaequatio rei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 intellectus potest ad utrumque pertinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 "ref">[29054] Iª q. 16 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de veritate rei; et excludit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 ratione huius veritatis, comparationem ad intellectum nostrum. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 id quod est per accidens, ab unaquaque definitione excluditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 "ref">[29055] Iª q. 16 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 dicendum quod antiqui philosophi species rerum naturalium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 dicebant procedere ab aliquo intellectu, sed eas provenire a casu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 et quia considerabant quod verum importat comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 intellectum, cogebantur veritatem rerum constituere in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 intellectum nostrum. Ex quo inconvenientia sequebantur quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 philosophus prosequitur in IV Metaphys. Quae quidem inconvenientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 non accidunt, si ponamus veritatem rerum consistere in comparatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 ad intellectum divinum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 <p title="I q. 16 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 "ref">[29056] Iª q. 16 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 dicendum quod, licet veritas intellectus nostri a re causetur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 tamen oportet quod in re per prius inveniatur ratio veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 sicut neque in medicina per prius invenitur ratio sanitatis quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 animali; virtus enim medicinae, non sanitas eius, causat sanitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 cum non sit agens univocum. Et similiter esse rei, non veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 eius, causat veritatem intellectus. Unde philosophus dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 opinio et oratio vera est <i>ex eo quod res est, non ex eo quod res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 vera est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 <p title="I q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 "ref">[29057] Iª q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 proceditur. Videtur quod veritas non sit solum in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 componente et dividente. Dicit enim philosophus, in III de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 quod sicut sensus propriorum sensibilium semper veri sunt, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 intellectus eius quod quid est. Sed compositio et divisio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 neque in sensu, neque in intellectu cognoscente quod quid est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 veritas non solum est in compositione et divisione intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 <p title="I q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 "ref">[29058] Iª q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Isaac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 dicit, in libro de definitionibus, quod veritas est adaequatio rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 et intellectus. Sed sicut intellectus complexorum potest adaequari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 rebus, ita intellectus incomplexorum, et etiam sensus sentiens rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 ut est. Ergo veritas non est solum in compositione et divisione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 <p title="I q. 16 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 "ref">[29059] Iª q. 16 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 quod dicit philosophus, in VI Metaphys., quod circa simplicia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 quod quid est non est veritas, nec in intellectu neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 <p title="I q. 16 a. 2 co."><a name="29060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 "ref">[29060] Iª q. 16 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 quod verum, sicut dictum est, secundum sui primam rationem est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 intellectu. Cum autem omnis res sit vera secundum quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 propriam formam naturae suae, necesse est quod intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 inquantum est cognoscens, sit verus inquantum habet similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 rei cognitae, quae est forma eius inquantum est cognoscens. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 propter hoc per conformitatem intellectus et rei veritas definitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 Unde conformitatem istam cognoscere, est cognoscere veritatem. Hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 autem nullo modo sensus cognoscit, licet enim visus habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 similitudinem visibilis, non tamen cognoscit comparationem quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 inter rem visam et id quod ipse apprehendit de ea. Intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 autem conformitatem sui ad rem intelligibilem cognoscere potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 sed tamen non apprehendit eam secundum quod cognoscit de aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 quod quid est; sed quando iudicat rem ita se habere sicut est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 quam de re apprehendit, tunc primo cognoscit et dicit verum. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 facit componendo et dividendo, nam in omni propositione aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 formam significatam per praedicatum, vel applicat alicui rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 significatae per subiectum, vel removet ab ea. Et ideo bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 invenitur quod sensus est verus de aliqua re, vel intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 cognoscendo quod quid est, sed non quod cognoscat aut dicat verum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 Et similiter est de vocibus complexis aut incomplexis. Veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 quidem igitur potest esse in sensu, vel in intellectu cognoscente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 quod quid est, ut in quadam re vera, non autem ut cognitum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 cognoscente, quod importat nomen veri; perfectio enim intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 est verum ut cognitum. Et ideo, proprie loquendo, veritas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 intellectu componente et dividente, non autem in sensu, neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 intellectu cognoscente quod quid est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 <p title="I q. 16 a. 2 ad arg."><a name="29061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 "ref">[29061] Iª q. 16 a. 2 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 patet solutio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 "ref">[29062] Iª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 proceditur. Videtur quod verum et ens non convertantur. Verum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 est proprie in intellectu, ut dictum est. Ens autem proprie est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 rebus. Ergo non convertuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 "ref">[29063] Iª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 quod se extendit ad ens et non ens, non convertitur cum ente. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 verum se extendit ad ens et non ens, nam verum est quod est esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 et quod non est non esse. Ergo verum et ens non convertuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 "ref">[29064] Iª q. 16 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 se habent secundum prius et posterius, non videntur converti. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 verum videtur prius esse quam ens, nam ens non intelligitur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 sub ratione veri. Ergo videtur quod non sint convertibilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29065"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 "ref">[29065] Iª q. 16 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 quod dicit philosophus, II Metaphys., quod eadem est dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 rerum in esse et veritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 co."><a name="29066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 "ref">[29066] Iª q. 16 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 quod, sicut bonum habet rationem appetibilis, ita verum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 ordinem ad cognitionem. Unumquodque autem inquantum habet de esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 intantum est cognoscibile. Et propter hoc dicitur in III de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 quod anima est quodammodo omnia secundum sensum et intellectum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 ideo, sicut bonum convertitur cum ente, ita et verum. Sed tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 sicut bonum addit rationem appetibilis supra ens, ita et verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 comparationem ad intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 "ref">[29067] Iª q. 16 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 dicendum quod verum est in rebus et in intellectu, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 Verum autem quod est in rebus, convertitur cum ente secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 substantiam. Sed verum quod est in intellectu, convertitur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 ente, ut manifestativum cum manifestato. Hoc enim est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 veri, ut dictum est. Quamvis posset dici quod etiam ens est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 rebus et in intellectu, sicut et verum; licet verum principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 in intellectu, ens vero principaliter in rebus. Et hoc accidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 propter hoc, quod verum et ens differunt ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 "ref">[29068] Iª q. 16 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 dicendum quod non ens non habet in se unde cognoscatur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 cognoscitur inquantum intellectus facit illud cognoscibile. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 verum fundatur in ente, inquantum non ens est quoddam ens rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 apprehensum scilicet a ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 <p title="I q. 16 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 "ref">[29069] Iª q. 16 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 dicendum quod, cum dicitur quod ens non potest apprehendi sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 ratione veri, hoc potest dupliciter intelligi. Uno modo, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 non apprehendatur ens, nisi ratio veri assequatur apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 entis. Et sic locutio habet veritatem. Alio modo posset sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 intelligi, quod ens non posset apprehendi, nisi apprehenderetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 ratio veri. Et hoc falsum est. Sed verum non potest apprehendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 nisi apprehendatur ratio entis, quia ens cadit in ratione veri. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 est simile sicut si comparemus intelligibile ad ens. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 potest intelligi ens, quin ens sit intelligibile, sed tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 intelligi ens, ita quod non intelligatur eius intelligibilitas. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 similiter ens intellectum est verum, non tamen intelligendo ens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 intelligitur verum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 "ref">[29070] Iª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 proceditur. Videtur quod bonum secundum rationem sit prius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 verum. Quod enim est universalius, secundum rationem prius est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 patet ex I Physic. Sed bonum est universalius quam verum, nam verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 est quoddam bonum, scilicet intellectus. Ergo bonum prius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 secundum rationem quam verum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 "ref">[29071] Iª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 est in rebus, verum autem in compositione et divisione intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 ut dictum est. Sed ea quae sunt in re, sunt priora his quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 intellectu. Ergo prius est secundum rationem bonum quam verum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 "ref">[29072] Iª q. 16 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 veritas est quaedam species virtutis, ut patet in IV Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 virtus continetur sub bono, est enim bona qualitas mentis, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 Augustinus. Ergo bonum est prius quam verum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 "ref">[29073] Iª q. 16 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 est in pluribus, est prius secundum rationem. Sed verum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 quibusdam in quibus non est bonum, scilicet in mathematicis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 verum est prius quam bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 co."><a name="29074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 "ref">[29074] Iª q. 16 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 quod, licet bonum et verum supposito convertantur cum ente, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 ratione differunt. Et secundum hoc verum, absolute loquendo, prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 est quam bonum. Quod ex duobus apparet. Primo quidem ex hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 verum propinquius se habet ad ens, quod est prius, quam bonum. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 verum respicit ipsum esse simpliciter et immediate, ratio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 boni consequitur esse, secundum quod est aliquo modo perfectum; sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 enim appetibile est. Secundo apparet ex hoc, quod cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 naturaliter praecedit appetitum. Unde, cum verum respiciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 cognitionem, bonum autem appetitum, prius erit verum quam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 secundum rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 "ref">[29075] Iª q. 16 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 dicendum quod voluntas et intellectus mutuo se includunt, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 intellectus intelligit voluntatem, et voluntas vult intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 intelligere. Sic ergo inter illa quae ordinantur ad obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 voluntatis, continentur etiam ea quae sunt intellectus; et e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 converso. Unde in ordine appetibilium, bonum se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 universale, et verum ut particulare, in ordine autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 intelligibilium est e converso. Ex hoc ergo quod verum est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 bonum, sequitur quod bonum sit prius in ordine appetibilium, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 autem quod sit prius simpliciter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 "ref">[29076] Iª q. 16 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 dicendum quod secundum hoc est aliquid prius ratione, quod prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 cadit in intellectu. Intellectus autem per prius apprehendit ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 ens; et secundario apprehendit se intelligere ens; et tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 apprehendit se appetere ens. Unde primo est ratio entis, secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 ratio veri, tertio ratio boni, licet bonum sit in rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 <p title="I q. 16 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 "ref">[29077] Iª q. 16 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 dicendum quod virtus quae dicitur veritas, non est veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 communis, sed quaedam veritas secundum quam homo in dictis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 factis ostendit se ut est. Veritas autem vitae dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 particulariter, secundum quod homo in vita sua implet illud ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 ordinatur per intellectum divinum, sicut etiam dictum est veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 esse in ceteris rebus. Veritas autem iustitiae est secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 homo servat id quod debet alteri secundum ordinem legum. Unde ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 his particularibus veritatibus non est procedendum ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 communem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="29078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 "ref">[29078] Iª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit veritas. Veritas enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 consistit in compositione et divisione intellectus. Sed in Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 est compositio et divisio. Ergo non est ibi veritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="29079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 "ref">[29079] Iª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 veritas, secundum Augustinum, in libro de vera Relig., est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 similitudo principii. Sed Dei non est similitudo ad principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 Ergo in Deo non est veritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="29080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 "ref">[29080] Iª q. 16 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 quidquid dicitur de Deo, dicitur de eo ut de prima causa omnium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 sicut esse Dei est causa omnis esse, et bonitas eius est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 omnis boni. Si ergo in Deo sit veritas, ergo omne verum erit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 ipso. Sed aliquem peccare est verum. Ergo hoc erit a Deo. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 patet esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 s. c."><a name="29081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 "ref">[29081] Iª q. 16 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 quod dicit dominus, Ioan. XIV, <i>ego sum via, veritas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 vita</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 co."><a name="29082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 "ref">[29082] Iª q. 16 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 quod, sicut dictum est, veritas invenitur in intellectu secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 quod apprehendit rem ut est, et in re secundum quod habet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 conformabile intellectui. Hoc autem maxime invenitur in Deo. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 esse suum non solum est conforme suo intellectui, sed etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 ipsum suum intelligere; et suum intelligere est mensura et causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 omnis alterius esse, et omnis alterius intellectus; et ipse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 suum esse et intelligere. Unde sequitur quod non solum in ipso sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 veritas, sed quod ipse sit ipsa summa et prima veritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="29083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 "ref">[29083] Iª q. 16 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 dicendum quod, licet in intellectu divino non sit compositio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 divisio, tamen secundum suam simplicem intelligentiam iudicat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 omnibus, et cognoscit omnia complexa. Et sic in intellectu eius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 veritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="29084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 "ref">[29084] Iª q. 16 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 dicendum quod verum intellectus nostri est secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 conformatur suo principio, scilicet rebus, a quibus cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 accipit. Veritas etiam rerum est secundum quod conformantur suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 principio, scilicet intellectui divino. Sed hoc, proprie loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 non potest dici in veritate divina, nisi forte secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 veritas appropriatur filio, qui habet principium. Sed si de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 veritate essentialiter dicta loquamur, non potest intelligi, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 resolvatur affirmativa in negativam, sicut cum dicitur, pater est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 se, quia non est ab alio. Et similiter dici potest similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 principii veritas divina, inquantum esse suum non est suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 intellectui dissimile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 <p title="I q. 16 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="29085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 "ref">[29085] Iª q. 16 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 dicendum quod non ens et privationes non habent ex seipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 veritatem, sed solum ex apprehensione intellectus. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 apprehensio intellectus a Deo est, unde quidquid est veritatis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 hoc quod dico, istum fornicari est verum, totum est a Deo. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 arguatur, ergo istum fornicari est a Deo, est fallacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 accidentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 <p title="I q. 16 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="29086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 "ref">[29086] Iª q. 16 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 proceditur. Videtur quod una sola sit veritas, secundum quam omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 sunt vera. Quia, secundum Augustinum, nihil est maius mente humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 nisi Deus. Sed veritas est maior mente humana, alioquin mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 iudicaret de veritate; nunc autem omnia iudicat secundum veritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 et non secundum seipsam. Ergo solus Deus est veritas. Ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 alia veritas quam Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 <p title="I q. 16 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="29087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 "ref">[29087] Iª q. 16 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 Anselmus dicit, in libro de veritate, quod sicut tempus se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 temporalia, ita veritas ad res veras. Sed unum est tempus omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 temporalium. Ergo una est veritas, qua omnia vera sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 <p title="I q. 16 a. 6 s. c."><a name="29088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 "ref">[29088] Iª q. 16 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 quod in Psalmo XI dicitur, <i>diminutae sunt veritates a filiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 hominum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 <p title="I q. 16 a. 6 co."><a name="29089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 "ref">[29089] Iª q. 16 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 quod quodammodo una est veritas, qua omnia sunt vera, et quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 non. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum est quod, quando aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 praedicatur univoce de multis, illud in quolibet eorum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 propriam rationem invenitur, sicut animal in qualibet specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 animalis. Sed quando aliquid dicitur analogice de multis, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 invenitur secundum propriam rationem in uno eorum tantum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 alia denominantur. Sicut sanum dicitur de animali et urina et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 medicina, non quod sanitas sit nisi in animali tantum, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 sanitate animalis denominatur medicina sana, inquantum est illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 sanitatis effectiva, et urina, inquantum est illius sanitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 significativa. Et quamvis sanitas non sit in medicina neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 urina, tamen in utroque est aliquid per quod hoc quidem facit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 illud autem significat sanitatem. Dictum est autem quod veritas per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 prius est in intellectu, et per posterius in rebus, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 ordinantur ad intellectum divinum. Si ergo loquamur de veritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 prout existit in intellectu, secundum propriam rationem, sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 multis intellectibus creatis sunt multae veritates; etiam in uno et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 eodem intellectu, secundum plura cognita. Unde dicit Glossa super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 illud Psalmi XI, <i>diminutae sunt veritates a filiis hominum</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 etc., quod sicut ab una facie hominis resultant plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 similitudines in speculo, sic ab una veritate divina resultant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 plures veritates. Si vero loquamur de veritate secundum quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 rebus, sic omnes sunt verae una prima veritate, cui unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 assimilatur secundum suam entitatem. Et sic, licet plures sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 essentiae vel formae rerum, tamen una est veritas divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 intellectus, secundum quam omnes res denominantur verae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 <p title="I q. 16 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="29090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 "ref">[29090] Iª q. 16 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 dicendum quod anima non secundum quamcumque veritatem iudicat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 rebus omnibus; sed secundum veritatem primam, inquantum resultat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 ea sicut in speculo, secundum prima intelligibilia. Unde sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 quod veritas prima sit maior anima. Et tamen etiam veritas creata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 quae est in intellectu nostro, est maior anima, non simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 sed secundum quid, inquantum est perfectio eius; sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 scientia posset dici maior anima. Sed verum est quod nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 subsistens est maius mente rationali, nisi Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 <p title="I q. 16 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="29091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 "ref">[29091] Iª q. 16 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 dicendum quod dictum Anselmi veritatem habet, secundum quod res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 dicuntur verae per comparationem ad intellectum divinum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="29092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 "ref">[29092] Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 proceditur. Videtur quod veritas creata sit aeterna. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 Augustinus, in libro de libero arbitrio, quod nihil est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 aeternum quam ratio circuli, et duo et tria esse quinque. Sed horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 veritas est veritas creata. Ergo veritas creata est aeterna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="29093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 "ref">[29093] Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 quod est semper, est aeternum. Sed universalia sunt ubique et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 semper. Ergo sunt aeterna. Ergo et verum, quod est maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 universale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="29094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 "ref">[29094] Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 quod est verum in praesenti, semper fuit verum esse futurum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 sicut veritas propositionis de praesenti est veritas creata, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 veritas propositionis de futuro. Ergo aliqua veritas creata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 aeterna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="29095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 "ref">[29095] Iª q. 16 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 quod caret principio et fine, est aeternum. Sed veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 enuntiabilium caret principio et fine. Quia, si veritas incoepit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 cum ante non esset, verum erat veritatem non esse, et utique aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 veritate verum erat, et sic veritas erat antequam inciperet. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 similiter si ponatur veritatem habere finem, sequitur quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 postquam desierit, verum enim erit veritatem non esse. Ergo veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 est aeterna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 s. c."><a name="29096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 "ref">[29096] Iª q. 16 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 quod solus Deus est aeternus, ut supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 co."><a name="29097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 "ref">[29097] Iª q. 16 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 quod veritas enuntiabilium non est aliud quam veritas intellectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 Enuntiabile enim et est in intellectu, et est in voce. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 autem quod est in intellectu, habet per se veritatem. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 quod est in voce, dicitur verum enuntiabile, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 significat aliquam veritatem intellectus; non propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 veritatem in enuntiabili existentem sicut in subiecto. Sicut urina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 dicitur sana, non a sanitate quae in ipsa sit, sed a sanitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 animalis, quam significat. Similiter etiam supra dictum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 res denominantur verae a veritate intellectus. Unde si nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 intellectus esset aeternus, nulla veritas esset aeterna. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 solus intellectus divinus est aeternus, in ipso solo veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 aeternitatem habet. Nec propter hoc sequitur quod aliquid aliud sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 aeternum quam Deus, quia veritas intellectus divini est ipse Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 ut supra ostensum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="29098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 "ref">[29098] Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 dicendum quod ratio circuli, et duo et tria esse quinque, habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 aeternitatem in mente divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="29099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 "ref">[29099] Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 dicendum quod aliquid esse semper et ubique, potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 dupliciter. Uno modo, quia habet in se unde se extendat ad omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 tempus et ad omnem locum, sicut Deo competit esse ubique et semper.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 Alio modo, quia non habet in se quo determinetur ad aliquem locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 vel tempus, sicut materia prima dicitur esse una, non quia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 unam formam, sicut homo est unus ab unitate unius formae, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 remotionem omnium formarum distinguentium. Et per hunc modum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 quodlibet universale dicitur esse ubique et semper, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 universalia abstrahunt ab hic et nunc. Sed ex hoc non sequitur ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 esse aeterna, nisi in intellectu, si quis sit aeternus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="29100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 "ref">[29100] Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 dicendum quod illud quod nunc est, ex eo futurum fuit antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 esset, quia in causa sua erat ut fieret. Unde, sublata causa, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 esset futurum illud fieri. Sola autem causa prima est aeterna. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 ex hoc non sequitur quod ea quae sunt, semper fuerit verum ea esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 futura, nisi quatenus in causa sempiterna fuit ut essent futura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 Quae quidem causa solus Deus est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 <p title="I q. 16 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="29101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 "ref">[29101] Iª q. 16 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 dicendum quod, quia intellectus noster non est aeternus, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 veritas enuntiabilium quae a nobis formantur, est aeterna, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 quandoque incoepit. Et antequam huiusmodi veritas esset, non erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 verum dicere veritatem talem non esse, nisi ab intellectu divino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 in quo solum veritas est aeterna. Sed nunc verum est dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 veritatem tunc non fuisse. Quod quidem non est verum nisi veritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 quae nunc est in intellectu nostro, non autem per aliquam veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 ex parte rei. Quia ista est veritas de non ente; non ens autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 habet ex se ut sit verum, sed solummodo ex intellectu apprehendente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 ipsum. Unde intantum est verum dicere veritatem non fuisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 inquantum apprehendimus non esse ipsius ut praecedens esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="29102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 "ref">[29102] Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 proceditur. Videtur quod veritas sit immutabilis. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 Augustinus, in libro II de libero arbitrio, quod veritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 aequalis menti, quia esset mutabilis, sicut et mens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="29103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 "ref">[29103] Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 quod remanet post omnem mutationem, est immutabile, sicut prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 materia est ingenita et incorruptibilis, quia remanet post omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 generationem et corruptionem. Sed veritas remanet post omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 mutationem, quia post omnem mutationem verum est dicere esse vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 non esse. Ergo veritas est immutabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="29104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 "ref">[29104] Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 veritas enuntiationis mutatur, maxime mutatur ad mutationem rei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 Sed sic non mutatur. Veritas enim, secundum Anselmum, est rectitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 quaedam, inquantum aliquid implet id quod est de ipso in mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 divina. Haec autem propositio, Socrates sedet, accipit a mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 divina ut significet Socratem sedere, quod significat etiam eo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 sedente. Ergo veritas propositionis nullo modo mutatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="29105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 "ref">[29105] Iª q. 16 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 est eadem causa, et idem effectus. Sed eadem res est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 veritatis harum trium propositionum Socrates sedet, sedebit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 sedit. Ergo eadem est harum veritas. Sed oportet quod alterum horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 sit verum. Ergo veritas harum propositionum immutabiliter manet. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 eadem ratione cuiuslibet alterius propositionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 s. c."><a name="29106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 "ref">[29106] Iª q. 16 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 quod dicitur in Psalmo XI, <i>diminutae sunt veritates a filiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 hominum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 co."><a name="29107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 "ref">[29107] Iª q. 16 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 quod, sicut supra dictum est, veritas proprie est in solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 intellectu, res autem dicuntur verae a veritate quae est in aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 intellectu. Unde mutabilitas veritatis consideranda est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 intellectum. Cuius quidem veritas in hoc consistit, quod habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 conformitatem ad res intellectas. Quae quidem conformitas variari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 potest dupliciter, sicut et quaelibet alia similitudo, ex mutatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 alterius extremi. Unde uno modo variatur veritas ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 intellectus, ex eo quod de re eodem modo se habente aliquis aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 opinionem accipit, alio modo si, opinione eadem manente, res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 mutetur. Et utroque modo fit mutatio de vero in falsum. Si ergo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 aliquis intellectus in quo non possit esse alternatio opinionum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 vel cuius acceptionem non potest subterfugere res aliqua, in eo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 immutabilis veritas. Talis autem est intellectus divinus, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 superioribus patet. Unde veritas divini intellectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 immutabilis. Veritas autem intellectus nostri mutabilis est. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 quod ipsa sit subiectum mutationis, sed inquantum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 noster mutatur de veritate in falsitatem; sic enim formae mutabiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 dici possunt. Veritas autem intellectus divini est secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 res naturales dicuntur verae, quae est omnino immutabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="29108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 "ref">[29108] Iª q. 16 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de veritate divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="29109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 "ref">[29109] Iª q. 16 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 dicendum quod verum et ens sunt convertibilia. Unde, sicut ens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 generatur neque corrumpitur per se, sed per accidens, inquantum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 vel illud ens corrumpitur vel generatur, ut dicitur in I Physic.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 ita veritas mutatur, non quod nulla veritas remaneat, sed quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 remanet illa veritas quae prius erat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="29110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 "ref">[29110] Iª q. 16 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 dicendum quod propositio non solum habet veritatem sicut res aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 veritatem habere dicuntur, inquantum implent id quod de eis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 ordinatum ab intellectu divino; sed dicitur habere veritatem quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 speciali modo, inquantum significat veritatem intellectus. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 quidem consistit in conformitate intellectus et rei. Qua quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 subtracta, mutatur veritas opinionis, et per consequens veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 propositionis. Sic igitur haec propositio, Socrates sedet, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 sedente vera est et veritate rei, inquantum est quaedam vox
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 significativa; et veritate significationis, inquantum significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 opinionem veram. Socrate vero surgente, remanet prima veritas, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 mutatur secunda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 <p title="I q. 16 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="29111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 "ref">[29111] Iª q. 16 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 dicendum quod sessio Socratis, quae est causa veritatis huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 propositionis, Socrates sedet, non eodem modo se habet dum Socrates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 sedet, et postquam sederit, et antequam sederet. Unde et veritas ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 hoc causata, diversimode se habet; et diversimode significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 propositionibus de praesenti, praeterito et futuro. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 sequitur quod, licet altera trium propositionum sit vera, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 eadem veritas invariabilis maneat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 <div class="D">Quaestio 17</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 <p title="I q. 17 pr."><a name="29112"><span class="ref">[29112]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 Iª q. 17 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de falsitate. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum falsitas sit in rebus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 Secundo, utrum sit in sensu. Tertio, utrum sit in intellectu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 Quarto, de oppositione veri et falsi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 "ref">[29113] Iª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 proceditur. Videtur quod falsitas non sit in rebus. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 Augustinus, in libro Soliloq., <i>si verum est id quod est, falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 non esse uspiam concludetur, quovis repugnante</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 "ref">[29114] Iª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 falsum dicitur a fallendo. Sed res non fallunt, ut dicit Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 in libro de vera Relig., <i>quia non ostendunt aliud quam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 speciem</i>. Ergo falsum in rebus non invenitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 "ref">[29115] Iª q. 17 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 dicitur in rebus per comparationem ad intellectum divinum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 dictum est. Sed quaelibet res, inquantum est, imitatur Deum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 quaelibet res vera est, absque falsitate. Et sic nulla res est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 falsa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 "ref">[29116] Iª q. 17 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de vera Relig., quod <i>omne corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 est verum corpus et falsa unitas</i>; quia imitatur unitatem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 non est unitas. Sed quaelibet res imitatur divinam bonitatem, et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 ea deficit. Ergo in omnibus rebus est falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 co."><a name="29117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 "ref">[29117] Iª q. 17 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 quod, cum verum et falsum opponantur; opposita autem sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 idem; necesse est ut ibi prius quaeratur falsitas, ubi primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 veritas invenitur, hoc est in intellectu. In rebus autem neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 veritas neque falsitas est, nisi per ordinem ad intellectum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 quia unumquodque secundum id quod convenit ei per se, simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 nominatur; secundum autem id quod convenit ei per accidens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 nominatur nisi secundum quid; res quidem simpliciter falsa dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 posset per comparationem ad intellectum a quo dependet, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 comparatur per se; in ordine autem ad alium intellectum, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 comparatur per accidens, non posset dici falsa nisi secundum quid.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 Dependent autem ab intellectu divino res naturales, sicut ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 intellectu humano res artificiales. Dicuntur igitur res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 artificiales falsae simpliciter et secundum se, inquantum deficiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 a forma artis, unde dicitur aliquis artifex opus falsum facere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 quando deficit ab operatione artis. Sic autem in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 dependentibus a Deo, falsitas inveniri non potest per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 ad intellectum divinum, cum quidquid in rebus accidit, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 ordinatione divini intellectus procedat, nisi forte in voluntariis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 agentibus tantum, in quorum potestate est subducere se ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 ordinatione divini intellectus; in quo malum culpae consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 secundum quod ipsa peccata falsitates et mendacia dicuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 Scripturis, secundum illud Psalmi IV, <i>ut quid diligitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 vanitatem et quaeritis mendacium?</i> Sicut per oppositum operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 virtuosa veritas vitae nominatur, inquantum subditur ordini divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 intellectus; sicut dicitur Ioan. III, <i>qui facit veritatem, venit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 ad lucem</i>. Sed per ordinem ad intellectum nostrum, ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 comparantur res naturales per accidens, possunt dici falsae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 secundum rationem significati, ut dicatur illud esse falsum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 rebus, quod significatur vel repraesentatur oratione vel intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 falso. Secundum quem modum quaelibet res potest dici esse falsa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 quantum ad id quod ei non inest, sicut si dicamus diametrum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 falsum commensurabile, ut dicit philosophus in V Metaphys.; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 sicut dicit Augustinus, in libro Soliloq., quod <i>tragoedus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 falsus Hector</i>. Sicut e contrario potest unumquodque dici verum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 secundum id quod competit ei. Alio modo, per modum causae. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 dicitur res esse falsa, quae nata est facere de se opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 falsam. Et quia innatum est nobis per ea quae exterius apparent de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 rebus iudicare, eo quod nostra cognitio a sensu ortum habet, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 primo et per se est exteriorum accidentium; ideo ea quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 exterioribus accidentibus habent similitudinem aliarum rerum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 dicuntur esse falsa secundum illas res; sicut fel est falsum mel,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 et stannum est falsum argentum. Et secundum hoc dicit Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 in libro Soliloq., quod <i>eas res falsas nominamus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 verisimilia apprehendimus</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 Metaphys., quod <i>falsa dicuntur quaecumque apta nata sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 apparere aut qualia non sunt, aut quae non sunt</i>. Et per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 modum etiam dicitur homo falsus, inquantum est amativus falsarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 opinionum vel locutionum. Non autem ex hoc quod potest eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 confingere, quia sic etiam sapientes et scientes falsi dicerentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 ut dicitur in V Metaphys.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 "ref">[29118] Iª q. 17 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 dicendum quod res comparata ad intellectum, secundum id quod est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 dicitur vera, secundum id quod non est, dicitur falsa. <i>Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 verus tragoedus est falsus Hector</i>, ut dicitur in II Soliloq.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 Sicut igitur in his quae sunt, invenitur quoddam non esse; ita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 his quae sunt, invenitur quaedam ratio falsitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 "ref">[29119] Iª q. 17 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 dicendum quod res per se non fallunt, sed per accidens. Dant enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 occasionem falsitatis, eo quod similitudinem eorum gerunt, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 non habent existentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 "ref">[29120] Iª q. 17 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 dicendum quod per comparationem ad intellectum divinum non dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 res falsae, quod esset eas esse falsas simpliciter, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 comparationem ad intellectum nostrum, quod est eas esse falsas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 secundum quid.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 <p title="I q. 17 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 "ref">[29121] Iª q. 17 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 in oppositum obiicitur, dicendum quod similitudo vel repraesentatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 deficiens non inducit rationem falsitatis, nisi inquantum praestat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 occasionem falsae opinionis. Unde non ubicumque est similitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 dicitur res falsa, sed ubicumque est talis similitudo, quae nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 est facere opinionem falsam, non cuicumque, sed ut in pluribus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 "ref">[29122] Iª q. 17 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 proceditur. Videtur quod in sensu non sit falsitas. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 Augustinus, in libro de vera Relig., <i>si omnes corporis sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 ita nuntiant ut afficiuntur, quid ab eis amplius exigere debemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 ignoro</i>. Et sic videtur quod ex sensibus non fallamur. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 falsitas in sensu non est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 "ref">[29123] Iª q. 17 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 philosophus dicit, in IV Metaphys., quod <i>falsitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 propria sensui, sed phantasiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 "ref">[29124] Iª q. 17 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 incomplexis non est verum nec falsum, sed solum in complexis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 componere et dividere non pertinet ad sensum. Ergo in sensu non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 "ref">[29125] Iª q. 17 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro Soliloq., <i>apparet nos in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 sensibus similitudine lenocinante falli</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 co."><a name="29126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 "ref">[29126] Iª q. 17 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 quod falsitas non est quaerenda in sensu, nisi sicut ibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 veritas. Veritas autem non sic est in sensu, ut sensus cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 veritatem; sed inquantum veram apprehensionem habet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 sensibilibus, ut supra dictum est. Quod quidem contingit eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 apprehendit res ut sunt. Unde contingit falsitatem esse in sensu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 ex hoc quod apprehendit vel iudicat res aliter quam sint. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 se habet ad cognoscendum res, inquantum similitudo rerum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 sensu. Similitudo autem alicuius rei est in sensu tripliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 modo, primo et per se; sicut in visu est similitudo colorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 aliorum propriorum sensibilium. Alio modo, per se, sed non primo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 sicut in visu est similitudo figurae vel magnitudinis, et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 communium sensibilium. Tertio modo, nec primo nec per se, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 accidens; sicut in visu est similitudo hominis, non inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 homo, sed inquantum huic colorato accidit esse hominem. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 propria sensibilia sensus non habet falsam cognitionem, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 accidens, et ut in paucioribus, ex eo scilicet quod, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 indispositionem organi, non convenienter recipit formam sensibilem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 sicut et alia passiva, propter suam indispositionem, deficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 recipiunt impressionem agentium. Et inde est quod, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 corruptionem linguae, infirmis dulcia amara esse videntur. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 sensibilibus vero communibus et per accidens, potest esse falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 iudicium etiam in sensu recte disposito, quia sensus non directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 refertur ad illa, sed per accidens, vel ex consequenti, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 refertur ad alia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 "ref">[29127] Iª q. 17 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 dicendum quod sensum affici, est ipsum eius sentire. Unde per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 quod sensus ita nuntiant sicut afficiuntur, sequitur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 decipiamur in iudicio quo iudicamus nos sentire aliquid. Sed ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 quod sensus aliter afficitur interdum quam res sit, sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 nuntiet nobis aliquando rem aliter quam sit. Et ex hoc fallimur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 sensum circa rem, non circa ipsum sentire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 "ref">[29128] Iª q. 17 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 dicendum quod falsitas dicitur non esse propria sensui, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 decipitur circa proprium obiectum. Unde in alia translatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 planius dicitur, quod <i>sensus proprii sensibilis falsus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 est</i>. Phantasiae autem attribuitur falsitas, quia repraesentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 similitudinem rei etiam absentis; unde quando aliquis convertitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 ad similitudinem rei tanquam ad rem ipsam, provenit ex tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 apprehensione falsitas. Unde etiam philosophus, in V Metaphys.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 dicit quod umbrae et picturae et somnia dicuntur falsa, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 non subsunt res quarum habent similitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 <p title="I q. 17 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 "ref">[29129] Iª q. 17 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit, quod falsitas non sit in sensu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 sicut in cognoscente verum et falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 <p title="I q. 17 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 "ref">[29130] Iª q. 17 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 proceditur. Videtur quod falsitas non sit in intellectu. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>omnis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 fallitur, id in quo fallitur, non intelligit</i>. Sed falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 dicitur esse in aliqua cognitione, secundum quod per eam fallimur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 Ergo in intellectu non est falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 <p title="I q. 17 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 "ref">[29131] Iª q. 17 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod intellectus semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 rectus. Non ergo in intellectu est falsitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 <p title="I q. 17 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 "ref">[29132] Iª q. 17 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 quod dicitur in III de anima, quod <i>ubi compositio intellectuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 est, ibi verum et falsum est</i>. Sed compositio intellectuum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 in intellectu. Ergo verum et falsum est in intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 <p title="I q. 17 a. 3 co."><a name="29133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 "ref">[29133] Iª q. 17 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 quod, sicut res habet esse per propriam formam, ita virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 cognoscitiva habet cognoscere per similitudinem rei cognitae. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 sicut res naturalis non deficit ab esse quod sibi competit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 suam formam, potest autem deficere ab aliquibus accidentalibus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 consequentibus; sicut homo ab hoc quod est habere duos pedes, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 autem ab hoc quod est esse hominem, ita virtus cognoscitiva non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 deficit in cognoscendo respectu illius rei cuius similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 informatur; potest autem deficere circa aliquid consequens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 ipsam, vel accidens ei. Sicut est dictum quod visus non decipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 circa sensibile proprium, sed circa sensibilia communia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 consequenter se habent ad illud, et circa sensibilia per accidens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 Sicut autem sensus informatur directe similitudine propriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 sensibilium, ita intellectus informatur similitudine quidditatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 rei. Unde circa quod quid est intellectus non decipitur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 neque sensus circa sensibilia propria. In componendo vero vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 dividendo potest decipi, dum attribuit rei cuius quidditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 intelligit, aliquid quod eam non consequitur, vel quod ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 opponitur. Sic enim se habet intellectus ad iudicandum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 huiusmodi, sicut sensus ad iudicandum de sensibilibus communibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 vel per accidens. Hac tamen differentia servata, quae supra circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 veritatem dicta est, quod falsitas in intellectu esse potest, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 solum quia cognitio intellectus falsa est, sed quia intellectus eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 cognoscit, sicut et veritatem, in sensu autem falsitas non est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 cognita, ut dictum est. Quia vero falsitas intellectus per se solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 circa compositionem intellectus est, per accidens etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 operatione intellectus qua cognoscit quod quid est, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 falsitas, inquantum ibi compositio intellectus admiscetur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 potest esse dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 definitionem unius attribuit alteri; ut si definitionem circuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 attribuat homini. Unde definitio unius rei est falsa de altera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 Alio modo, secundum quod partes definitionis componit ad invicem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 quae simul sociari non possunt, sic enim definitio non est solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 falsa respectu alicuius rei, sed est falsa in se. Ut si formet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 talem definitionem, animal rationale quadrupes, falsus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 intellectus sic definiendo, propterea quod falsus est in formando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 hanc compositionem, aliquod animal rationale est quadrupes. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 propter hoc, in cognoscendo quidditates simplices non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 intellectus falsus, sed vel est verus, vel totaliter nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 intelligit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 <p title="I q. 17 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 "ref">[29134] Iª q. 17 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 dicendum quod, quia quidditas rei est proprium obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 intellectus, propter hoc tunc proprie dicimur aliquid intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 quando, reducentes illud in quod quid est, sic de eo iudicamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 sicut accidit in demonstrationibus, in quibus non est falsitas. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 hoc modo intelligitur verbum Augustini, quod omnis qui fallitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 non intelligit id in quo fallitur, non autem ita, quod in nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 operatione intellectus aliquis fallatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 <p title="I q. 17 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 "ref">[29135] Iª q. 17 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 dicendum quod intellectus semper est rectus, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 intellectus est principiorum, circa quae non decipitur, ex eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 causa qua non decipitur circa quod quid est. Nam principia per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 nota sunt illa quae statim, intellectis terminis, cognoscuntur, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 eo quod praedicatum ponitur in definitione subiecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 "ref">[29136] Iª q. 17 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 proceditur. Videtur quod verum et falsum non sint contraria. Verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 enim et falsum opponuntur sicut quod est et quod non est, <i>nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 verum est id quod est</i>, ut dicit Augustinus. Sed quod est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 quod non est, non opponuntur ut contraria. Ergo verum et falsum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 sunt contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 "ref">[29137] Iª q. 17 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 contrariorum non est in alio. Sed falsum est in vero, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 dicit Augustinus in libro Soliloq., <i>tragoedus non esset falsus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 Hector, si non esset verus tragoedus</i>. Ergo verum et falsum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 sunt contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 "ref">[29138] Iª q. 17 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 Deo non est contrarietas aliqua, nihil enim divinae substantiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 contrarium, ut dicit Augustinus, XII de Civit. Dei. Sed Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 opponitur falsitas, nam idolum in Scriptura mendacium nominatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 Ierem. VIII, <i>apprehenderunt mendacium</i>; Glossa, <i>idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 idola</i>. Ergo verum et falsum non sunt contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 "ref">[29139] Iª q. 17 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 quod dicit philosophus, in II Periherm., ponit enim falsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 opinionem verae contrariam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 co."><a name="29140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 "ref">[29140] Iª q. 17 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 quod verum et falsum opponuntur ut contraria, et non sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 affirmatio et negatio, ut quidam dixerunt. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 sciendum est quod negatio neque ponit aliquid, neque determinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 sibi aliquod subiectum. Et propter hoc, potest dici tam de ente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 quam de non ente; sicut non videns, et non sedens. Privatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 non ponit aliquid, sed determinat sibi subiectum. Est enim negatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 in subiecto, ut dicitur IV Metaphys., caecum enim non dicitur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 de eo quod est natum videre. Contrarium vero et aliquid ponit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 subiectum determinat, nigrum enim est aliqua species coloris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 Falsum autem aliquid ponit. Est enim falsum, ut dicit philosophus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 IV Metaphys., ex eo quod dicitur vel videtur aliquid esse quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 est, vel non esse quod est. Sicut enim verum ponit acceptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 adaequatam rei, ita falsum acceptionem rei non adaequatam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 manifestum est quod verum et falsum sunt contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 "ref">[29141] Iª q. 17 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 dicendum quod id quod est in rebus, est veritas rei sed id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 ut apprehensum, est verum intellectus, in quo primo est veritas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 Unde et falsum est id quod non est ut apprehensum. Apprehendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 autem esse et non esse, contrarietatem habet, sicut probat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 philosophus, in II Periherm., quod huic opinioni, bonum est bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 contraria est, bonum non est bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 "ref">[29142] Iª q. 17 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 dicendum quod falsum non fundatur in vero sibi contrario, sicut nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 malum in bono sibi contrario; sed in eo quod sibi subiicitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 hoc ideo in utroque accidit, quia verum et bonum communia sunt, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 convertuntur cum ente, unde, sicut omnis privatio fundatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 subiecto quod est ens, ita omne malum fundatur in aliquo bono, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 omne falsum in aliquo vero.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 <p title="I q. 17 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 "ref">[29143] Iª q. 17 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 dicendum quod, quia contraria et opposita privative nata sunt fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 circa idem, ideo Deo, prout in se consideratur, non est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 contrarium, neque ratione suae bonitatis, neque ratione suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 veritatis, quia in intellectu eius non potest esse falsitas aliqua.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 Sed in apprehensione nostra habet aliquid contrarium, nam verae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 opinioni de ipso contrariatur falsa opinio. Et sic idola mendacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 dicuntur opposita veritati divinae, inquantum falsa opinio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 idolis contrariatur verae opinioni de unitate Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 <div class="D">Quaestio 18</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 <p title="I q. 18 pr."><a name="29144"><span class="ref">[29144]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 Iª q. 18 pr.</span></a> Quoniam autem intelligere viventium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 est, post considerationem de scientia et intellectu divino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 considerandum est de vita ipsius. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 Primo, quorum sit vivere. Secundo, quid sit vita. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 vita Deo conveniat. Quarto, utrum omnia in Deo sint vita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 "ref">[29145] Iª q. 18 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 proceditur. Videtur quod omnium rerum naturalium sit vivere. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 enim philosophus, in VIII Physic., quod motus est ut vita quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 natura existentibus omnibus. Sed omnes res naturales participant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 motum. Ergo omnes res naturales participant vitam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 "ref">[29146] Iª q. 18 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 plantae dicuntur vivere, inquantum habent in seipsis principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 motus augmenti et decrementi. Sed motus localis est perfectior et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 prior secundum naturam quam motus augmenti et decrementi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 probatur in VIII Physic. Cum igitur omnia corpora naturalia habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 aliquod principium motus localis, videtur quod omnia corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 naturalia vivant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 "ref">[29147] Iª q. 18 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 corpora naturalia imperfectiora sunt elementa. Sed eis attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 vita, dicuntur enim aquae vivae. Ergo multo magis alia corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 naturalia vitam habent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 "ref">[29148] Iª q. 18 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 quod dicit Dionysius, VI cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>plantae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 secundum ultimam resonantiam vitae habent vivere</i>, ex quo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 accipi quod ultimum gradum vitae obtinent plantae. Sed corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 inanimata sunt infra plantas. Ergo eorum non est vivere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 co."><a name="29149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 "ref">[29149] Iª q. 18 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 quod ex his quae manifeste vivunt, accipere possumus quorum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 vivere, et quorum non sit vivere. Vivere autem manifeste animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 convenit, dicitur enim in libro de vegetabilibus, quod <i>vita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 animalibus manifesta est</i>. Unde secundum illud oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 distinguere viventia a non viventibus secundum quod animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 dicuntur vivere. Hoc autem est in quo primo manifestatur vita, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 in quo ultimo remanet. Primo autem dicimus animal vivere, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 incipit ex se motum habere; et tandiu iudicatur animal vivere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 quandiu talis motus in eo apparet; quando vero iam ex se non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 aliquem motum, sed movetur tantum ab alio tunc dicitur animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 mortuum, per defectum vitae. Ex quo patet quod illa proprie sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 viventia, quae seipsa secundum aliquam speciem motus movent; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 accipiatur motus proprie, sicut motus dicitur actus imperfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 idest existentis in potentia; sive motus accipiatur communiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 prout motus dicitur actus perfecti, prout intelligere et sentire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 dicitur moveri, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ut sic viventia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 dicantur quaecumque se agunt ad motum vel operationem aliquam, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 vero in quorum natura non est ut se agant ad aliquem motum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 operationem, viventia dici non possunt, nisi per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 similitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 "ref">[29150] Iª q. 18 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 dicendum quod verbum illud philosophi potest intelligi vel de motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 primo, scilicet corporum caelestium; vel de motu communiter. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 utroque modo motus dicitur quasi vita corporum naturalium, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 similitudinem; et non per proprietatem. Nam motus caeli est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 universo corporalium naturarum, sicut motus cordis in animali, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 conservatur vita. Similiter etiam quicumque motus naturalis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 modo se habet ad res naturales, ut quaedam similitudo vitalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 operationis. Unde, si totum universum corporale esset unum animal,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 ita quod iste motus esset a movente intrinseco, ut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 posuerunt, sequeretur quod motus esset vita omnium naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 corporum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 "ref">[29151] Iª q. 18 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 dicendum quod corporibus gravibus et levibus non competit moveri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 nisi secundum quod sunt extra dispositionem suae naturae, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 cum sunt extra locum proprium, cum enim sunt in loco proprio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 naturali, quiescunt. Sed plantae et aliae res viventes moventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 motu vitali, secundum hoc quod sunt in sua dispositione naturali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 non autem in accedendo ad eam vel in recedendo ab ea, imo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 quod recedunt a tali motu, recedunt a naturali dispositione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 praeterea, corpora gravia et levia moventur a motore extrinseco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 vel generante, qui dat formam, vel removente prohibens, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 in VIII Physic., et ita non movent seipsa, sicut corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 viventia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 <p title="I q. 18 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 "ref">[29152] Iª q. 18 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 dicendum quod aquae vivae dicuntur, quae habent continuum fluxum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 aquae enim stantes, quae non continuantur ad principium continue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 fluens, dicuntur mortuae, ut aquae cisternarum et lacunarum. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 dicitur per similitudinem, inquantum enim videntur se movere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 habent similitudinem vitae. Sed tamen non est in eis vera ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 vitae, quia hunc motum non habent a seipsis, sed a causa generante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 eas; sicut accidit circa motum aliorum gravium et levium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 "ref">[29153] Iª q. 18 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 proceditur. Videtur quod vita sit quaedam operatio. Nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 dividitur nisi per ea quae sunt sui generis. Sed vivere dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 per operationes quasdam, ut patet per philosophum in II libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 anima, qui distinguit vivere per quatuor, scilicet alimento uti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 sentire, moveri secundum locum, et intelligere. Ergo vita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 operatio quaedam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 "ref">[29154] Iª q. 18 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 activa dicitur alia esse a contemplativa. Sed contemplativi ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 activis non diversificantur nisi secundum operationes quasdam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 vita est quaedam operatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 "ref">[29155] Iª q. 18 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 cognoscere Deum est operatio quaedam. Haec autem est vita, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 per illud Ioan. XVII, <i>haec est autem vita aeterna, ut cognoscant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 te solum verum Deum</i>. Ergo vita est operatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 "ref">[29156] Iª q. 18 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 quod dicit philosophus, in II de anima, <i>vivere viventibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 esse</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 co."><a name="29157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 "ref">[29157] Iª q. 18 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 quod, sicut ex dictis patet, intellectus noster, qui proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 cognoscitivus quidditatis rei ut proprii obiecti, accipit a sensu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 cuius propria obiecta sunt accidentia exteriora. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 ex his quae exterius apparent de re, devenimus ad cognoscendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 essentiam rei. Et quia sic nominamus aliquid sicut cognoscimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 illud, ut ex supradictis patet, inde est quod plerumque a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 proprietatibus exterioribus imponuntur nomina ad significandas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 essentias rerum. Unde huiusmodi nomina quandoque accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 proprie pro ipsis essentiis rerum, ad quas significandas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 principaliter sunt imposita, aliquando autem sumuntur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 proprietatibus a quibus imponuntur, et hoc minus proprie. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 patet quod hoc nomen corpus impositum est ad significandum quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 genus substantiarum, ex eo quod in eis inveniuntur tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 dimensiones, et ideo aliquando ponitur hoc nomen corpus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 significandas tres dimensiones, secundum quod corpus ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 species quantitatis. Sic ergo dicendum est et de vita. Nam vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 nomen sumitur ex quodam exterius apparenti circa rem, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 movere seipsum, non tamen est impositum hoc nomen ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 significandum, sed ad significandam substantiam cui convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 secundum suam naturam movere seipsam, vel agere se quocumque modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 ad operationem. Et secundum hoc, vivere nihil aliud est quam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 in tali natura, et vita significat hoc ipsum, sed in abstracto;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 sicut hoc nomen cursus significat ipsum currere in abstracto. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 vivum non est praedicatum accidentale, sed substantiale. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 tamen vita sumitur minus proprie pro operationibus vitae, a quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 nomen vitae assumitur; sicut dicit philosophus, IX Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 <i>vivere principaliter est sentire vel intelligere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 "ref">[29158] Iª q. 18 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 dicendum quod philosophus ibi accipit vivere pro operatione vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 Vel dicendum est melius, quod sentire et intelligere, et huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 quandoque sumuntur pro quibusdam operationibus; quandoque autem pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 ipso esse sic operantium. Dicitur enim IX Ethic., quod <i>esse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 sentire vel intelligere</i>, idest habere naturam ad sentiendum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 intelligendum. Et hoc modo distinguit philosophus vivere per illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 quatuor. Nam in istis inferioribus quatuor sunt genera viventium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 Quorum quaedam habent naturam solum ad utendum alimento, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 consequentia, quae sunt augmentum et generatio; quaedam ulterius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 sentiendum, ut patet in animalibus immobilibus, sicut sunt ostrea;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 quaedam vero, cum his, ulterius ad movendum se secundum locum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 sicut animalia perfecta, ut quadrupedia et volatilia et huiusmodi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 quaedam vero ulterius ad intelligendum, sicut homines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 "ref">[29159] Iª q. 18 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 dicendum quod opera vitae dicuntur, quorum principia sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 operantibus, ut seipsos inducant in tales operationes. Contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 autem aliquorum operum inesse hominibus non solum principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 naturalia, ut sunt potentiae naturales; sed etiam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 superaddita, ut sunt habitus inclinantes ad quaedam operationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 genera quasi per modum naturae, et facientes illas operationes esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 delectabiles. Et ex hoc dicitur, quasi per quandam similitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 quod illa operatio quae est homini delectabilis, et ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 inclinatur, et in qua conversatur, et ordinat vitam suam ad ipsam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 dicitur vita hominis, unde quidam dicuntur agere vitam luxuriosam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 quidam vitam honestam. Et per hunc modum vita contemplativa ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 activa distinguitur. Et per hunc etiam modum cognoscere Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 dicitur vita aeterna.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 <p title="I q. 18 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 "ref">[29160] Iª q. 18 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet solutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 "ref">[29161] Iª q. 18 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 proceditur. Videtur quod Deo non conveniat vita. Vivere enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 dicuntur aliqua secundum quod movent seipsa, ut dictum est. Sed Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 non competit moveri. Ergo neque vivere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 "ref">[29162] Iª q. 18 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 omnibus quae vivunt, est accipere aliquod vivendi principium, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 dicitur in II de anima, quod <i>anima est viventis corporis causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 et principium</i>. Sed Deus non habet aliquod principium. Ergo sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 non competit vivere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 "ref">[29163] Iª q. 18 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 principium vitae in rebus viventibus quae apud nos sunt, est anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 vegetabilis, quae non est nisi in rebus corporalibus. Ergo rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 incorporalibus non competit vivere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 "ref">[29164] Iª q. 18 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 quod dicitur in Psalmo LXXXIII, <i>cor meum et caro mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 exultaverunt in Deum vivum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 co."><a name="29165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 "ref">[29165] Iª q. 18 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 quod vita maxime proprie in Deo est. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 considerandum est quod, cum vivere dicantur aliqua secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 operantur ex seipsis, et non quasi ab aliis mota; quanto perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 competit hoc alicui, tanto perfectius in eo invenitur vita. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 moventibus autem et motis tria per ordinem inveniuntur. Nam primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 finis movet agentem; agens vero principale est quod per suam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 agit; et hoc interdum agit per aliquod instrumentum, quod non agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 ex virtute suae formae, sed ex virtute principalis agentis; cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 instrumento competit sola executio actionis. Inveniuntur igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 quaedam, quae movent seipsa, non habito respectu ad formam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 finem, quae inest eis a natura, sed solum quantum ad executionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 motus, sed forma per quam agunt, et finis propter quem agunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 determinantur eis a natura. Et huiusmodi sunt plantae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 secundum formam inditam eis a natura, movent seipsas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 augmentum et decrementum. Quaedam vero ulterius movent seipsa, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 solum habito respectu ad executionem motus, sed etiam quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 formam quae est principium motus, quam per se acquirunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 huiusmodi sunt animalia, quorum motus principium est forma non a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 natura indita, sed per sensum accepta. Unde quanto perfectiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 sensum habent, tanto perfectius movent seipsa. Nam ea quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 habent nisi sensum tactus, movent solum seipsa motu dilatationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 constrictionis, ut ostrea, parum excedentia motum plantae. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 vero habent virtutem sensitivam perfectam, non solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 cognoscendum coniuncta et tangentia, sed etiam ad cognoscendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 distantia, movent seipsa in remotum motu processivo. Sed quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 huiusmodi animalia formam quae est principium motus, per sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 accipiant, non tamen per seipsa praestituunt sibi finem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 operationis, vel sui motus; sed est eis inditus a natura, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 instinctu ad aliquid agendum moventur per formam sensu apprehensam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 Unde supra talia animalia sunt illa quae movent seipsa, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 habito respectu ad finem, quem sibi praestituunt. Quod quidem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 fit nisi per rationem et intellectum, cuius est cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 proportionem finis et eius quod est ad finem, et unum ordinare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 alterum. Unde perfectior modus vivendi est eorum quae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 intellectum, haec enim perfectius movent seipsa. Et huius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 signum, quod in uno et eodem homine virtus intellectiva movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 potentias sensitivas; et potentiae sensitivae per suum imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 movent organa, quae exequuntur motum. Sicut etiam in artibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 videmus quod ars ad quam pertinet usus navis, scilicet ars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 gubernatoria, praecipit ei quae inducit formam navis, et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 praecipit illi quae habet executionem tantum, in disponendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 materiam. Sed quamvis intellectus noster ad aliqua se agat, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 aliqua sunt ei praestituta a natura; sicut sunt prima principia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 circa quae non potest aliter se habere, et ultimus finis, quem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 potest non velle. Unde, licet quantum ad aliquid moveat se, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 oportet quod quantum ad aliqua ab alio moveatur. Illud igitur cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 sua natura est ipsum eius intelligere, et cui id quod naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 habet, non determinatur ab alio, hoc est quod obtinet summum gradum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 vitae. Tale autem est Deus. Unde in Deo maxime est vita. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 philosophus, in XII Metaphys., ostenso quod Deus sit intelligens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 concludit quod habeat vitam perfectissimam et sempiternam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 intellectus eius est perfectissimus, et semper in actu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 "ref">[29166] Iª q. 18 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in IX Metaphys., duplex est actio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 una, quae transit in exteriorem materiam, ut calefacere et secare;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 alia, quae manet in agente, ut intelligere, sentire et velle.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 Quarum haec est differentia, quia prima actio non est perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 agentis quod movet, sed ipsius moti; secunda autem actio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 perfectio agentis. Unde, quia motus est actus mobilis, secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 actio, inquantum est actus operantis, dicitur motus eius; ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 similitudine, quod, sicut motus est actus mobilis, ita huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 actio est actus agentis; licet motus sit actus imperfecti, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 existentis in potentia, huiusmodi autem actio est actus perfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 idest existentis in actu, ut dicitur in III de anima. Hoc igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 modo quo intelligere est motus, id quod se intelligit, dicitur se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 movere. Et per hunc modum etiam Plato posuit quod Deus movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 seipsum, non eo modo quo motus est actus imperfecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 "ref">[29167] Iª q. 18 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 dicendum quod, sicut Deus est ipsum suum esse et suum intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 ita est suum vivere. Et propter hoc, sic vivit, quod non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 vivendi principium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 <p title="I q. 18 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 "ref">[29168] Iª q. 18 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 dicendum quod vita in istis inferioribus recipitur in natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 corruptibili, quae indiget et generatione ad conservationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 speciei, et alimento ad conservationem individui. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 in istis inferioribus non invenitur vita sine anima vegetabili. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 hoc non habet locum in rebus incorruptibilibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 "ref">[29169] Iª q. 18 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 proceditur. Videtur quod non omnia sint vita in Deo. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 Act. XVII, <i>in ipso vivimus, movemur et sumus</i>. Sed non omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 in Deo sunt motus. Ergo non omnia in ipso sunt vita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 "ref">[29170] Iª q. 18 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 sunt in Deo sicut in primo exemplari. Sed exemplata debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 conformari exemplari. Cum igitur non omnia vivant in seipsis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 videtur quod non omnia in Deo sint vita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 "ref">[29171] Iª q. 18 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 Augustinus dicit in libro de vera Relig., substantia vivens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 melior qualibet substantia non vivente. Si igitur ea quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 seipsis non vivunt, in Deo sunt vita, videtur quod verius sint res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 in Deo quam in seipsis. Quod tamen videtur esse falsum, cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 seipsis sint in actu, in Deo vero in potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 "ref">[29172] Iª q. 18 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 sciuntur a Deo bona, et ea quae fiunt secundum aliquod tempus; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 mala, et ea quae Deus potest facere, sed nunquam fiunt. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 omnia sunt vita in Deo, inquantum sunt scita ab ipso, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 etiam mala, et quae nunquam fiunt, sunt vita in Deo, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 scita ab eo. Quod videtur inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 "ref">[29173] Iª q. 18 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>quod factum est, in ipso vita erat</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 Sed omnia praeter Deum facta sunt. Ergo omnia in Deo sunt vita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 co."><a name="29174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 "ref">[29174] Iª q. 18 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 quod, sicut dictum est, vivere Dei est eius intelligere. In Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 autem est idem intellectus et quod intelligitur, et ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 intelligere eius. Unde quidquid est in Deo ut intellectum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 ipsum vivere vel vita eius. Unde, cum omnia quae facta sunt a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 sint in ipso ut intellecta, sequitur quod omnia in ipso sunt ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 vita divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 "ref">[29175] Iª q. 18 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 dicendum quod creaturae in Deo esse dicuntur dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 inquantum continentur et conservantur virtute divina, sicut dicimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 ea esse in nobis, quae sunt in nostra potestate. Et sic creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 dicuntur esse in Deo, etiam prout sunt in propriis naturis. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 modo intelligendum est verbum apostoli dicentis, <i>in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 vivimus, movemur et sumus</i>, quia et nostrum vivere, et nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 esse, et nostrum moveri causantur a Deo. Alio modo dicuntur res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 esse in Deo sicut in cognoscente. Et sic sunt in Deo per proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 rationes, quae non sunt aliud in Deo ab essentia divina. Unde res,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 prout sic in Deo sunt, sunt essentia divina. Et quia essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 divina est vita, non autem motus, inde est quod res, hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 loquendi, in Deo non sunt motus, sed vita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 "ref">[29176] Iª q. 18 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 dicendum quod exemplata oportet conformari exemplari secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 rationem formae, non autem secundum modum essendi. Nam alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 modi esse habet quandoque forma in exemplari et in exemplato, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 forma domus in mente artificis habet esse immateriale et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 intelligibile, in domo autem quae est extra animam, habet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 materiale et sensibile. Unde et rationes rerum quae in seipsis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 vivunt, in mente divina sunt vita, quia in mente divina habent esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 divinum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 "ref">[29177] Iª q. 18 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 dicendum quod, si de ratione rerum naturalium non esset materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 sed tantum forma, omnibus modis veriori modo essent res naturales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 in mente divina per suas ideas, quam in seipsis. Propter quod et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 Plato posuit quod homo separatus erat verus homo, homo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 materialis est homo per participationem. Sed quia de ratione rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 naturalium est materia, dicendum quod res naturales verius esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 habent simpliciter in mente divina, quam in seipsis, quia in mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 divina habent esse increatum, in seipsis autem esse creatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 esse hoc, utpote homo vel equus, verius habent in propria natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 quam in mente divina, quia ad veritatem hominis pertinet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 materiale, quod non habent in mente divina. Sicut domus nobilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 esse habet in mente artificis, quam in materia, sed tamen verius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 dicitur domus quae est in materia, quam quae est in mente; quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 haec est domus in actu, illa autem domus in potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 <p title="I q. 18 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 "ref">[29178] Iª q. 18 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 dicendum quod, licet mala sint in Dei scientia, inquantum sub Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 scientia comprehenduntur, non tamen sunt in Deo sicut creata a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 vel conservata ab ipso, neque sicut habentia rationem in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 cognoscuntur enim a Deo per rationes bonorum. Unde non potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 quod mala sint vita in Deo. Ea vero quae secundum nullum tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 sunt, possunt dici esse vita in Deo, secundum quod vivere nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 intelligere tantum, inquantum intelliguntur a Deo, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 secundum quod vivere importat principium operationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 <div class="D">Quaestio 19</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 <p title="I q. 19 pr."><a name="29179"><span class="ref">[29179]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 Iª q. 19 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem eorum quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 divinam scientiam pertinent, considerandum est de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 pertinent ad voluntatem divinam, ut sit prima consideratio de ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 Dei voluntate; secunda, de his quae ad voluntatem absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 pertinent; tertia, de his quae ad intellectum in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 voluntatem pertinent. Circa ipsam autem voluntatem quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 duodecim. Primo, utrum in Deo sit voluntas. Secundo, utrum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 velit alia a se. Tertio, utrum quidquid Deus vult, ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 velit. Quarto, utrum voluntas Dei sit causa rerum. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 voluntatis divinae sit assignare aliquam causam. Sexto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 voluntas divina semper impleatur. Septimo, utrum voluntas Dei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 mutabilis. Octavo, utrum voluntas Dei necessitatem rebus volitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 imponat. Nono, utrum in Deo sit voluntas malorum. Decimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 Deus habeat liberum arbitrium. Undecimo, utrum sit distinguenda in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 Deo voluntas signi. Duodecimo, utrum convenienter circa divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 voluntatem ponantur quinque signa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 "ref">[29180] Iª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sit voluntas. Obiectum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 voluntatis est finis et bonum. Sed Dei non est assignare aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 finem. Ergo voluntas non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 "ref">[29181] Iª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 voluntas est appetitus quidam. Appetitus autem, cum sit rei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 habitae, imperfectionem designat, quae Deo non competit. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 voluntas non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 "ref">[29182] Iª q. 19 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 secundum philosophum, in III de anima, voluntas est movens motum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 Sed Deus est primum movens immobile. Ut probatur VIII Physic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 in Deo non est voluntas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29183"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 "ref">[29183] Iª q. 19 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 quod dicit apostolus, Rom. XII, <i>ut probetis quae sit voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 co."><a name="29184"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 "ref">[29184] Iª q. 19 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 in Deo voluntatem esse, sicut et in eo est intellectus, voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 enim intellectum consequitur. Sicut enim res naturalis habet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 in actu per suam formam, ita intellectus intelligens actu per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 formam intelligibilem. Quaelibet autem res ad suam formam naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 hanc habet habitudinem, ut quando non habet ipsam, tendat in eam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 et quando habet ipsam, quiescat in ea. Et idem est de qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 perfectione naturali, quod est bonum naturae. Et haec habitudo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 bonum, in rebus carentibus cognitione, vocatur appetitus naturalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 Unde et natura intellectualis ad bonum apprehensum per formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 intelligibilem, similem habitudinem habet, ut scilicet, cum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 ipsum, quiescat in illo; cum vero non habet, quaerat ipsum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 utrumque pertinet ad voluntatem. Unde in quolibet habente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 intellectum, est voluntas; sicut in quolibet habente sensum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 appetitus animalis. Et sic oportet in Deo esse voluntatem, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 in eo intellectus. Et sicut suum intelligere est suum esse, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 suum velle.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29185"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 "ref">[29185] Iª q. 19 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 dicendum quod, licet nihil aliud a Deo sit finis Dei, tamen ipsemet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 est finis respectu omnium quae ab eo fiunt. Et hoc per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 essentiam, cum per suam essentiam sit bonus, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 finis enim habet rationem boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 "ref">[29186] Iª q. 19 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 dicendum quod voluntas in nobis pertinet ad appetitivam partem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 quae licet ab appetendo nominetur, non tamen hunc solum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 actum, ut appetat quae non habet; sed etiam ut amet quod habet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 delectetur in illo. Et quantum ad hoc voluntas in Deo ponitur; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 semper habet bonum quod est eius obiectum, cum sit indifferens ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 eo secundum essentiam, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 <p title="I q. 19 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 "ref">[29187] Iª q. 19 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 dicendum quod voluntas cuius obiectum principale est bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 extra voluntatem, oportet quod sit mota ab aliquo. Sed obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 divinae voluntatis est bonitas sua, quae est eius essentia. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 cum voluntas Dei sit eius essentia, non movetur ab alio a se, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 se tantum, eo modo loquendi quo intelligere et velle dicitur motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 Et secundum hoc Plato dixit quod primum movens movet seipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29188"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 "ref">[29188] Iª q. 19 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non velit alia a se. Velle enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 divinum est eius esse. Sed Deus non est aliud a se. Ergo non vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 aliud a se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 "ref">[29189] Iª q. 19 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 volitum movet voluntatem, sicut appetibile appetitum, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 III de anima. Si igitur Deus velit aliquid aliud a se, movebitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 eius voluntas ab aliquo alio, quod est impossibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 "ref">[29190] Iª q. 19 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 cuicumque voluntati sufficit aliquod volitum, nihil quaerit extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 illud. Sed Deo sufficit sua bonitas, et voluntas eius ex ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 satiatur. Ergo Deus non vult aliquid aliud a se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 "ref">[29191] Iª q. 19 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 voluntatis multiplicatur secundum volita. Si igitur Deus velit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 et alia a se, sequitur quod actus voluntatis eius sit multiplex, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 per consequens eius esse, quod est eius velle. Hoc autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 impossibile. Non ergo vult alia a se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29192"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 "ref">[29192] Iª q. 19 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 quod apostolus dicit, I Thess. IV, <i>haec est voluntas Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 sanctificatio vestra</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 co."><a name="29193"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 "ref">[29193] Iª q. 19 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 quod Deus non solum se vult, sed etiam alia a se. Quod apparet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 simili prius introducto. Res enim naturalis non solum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 naturalem inclinationem respectu proprii boni, ut acquirat ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 cum non habet, vel ut quiescat in illo cum habet; sed etiam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 proprium bonum in alia diffundat, secundum quod possibile est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 videmus quod omne agens, inquantum est actu et perfectum, facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 sibi simile. Unde et hoc pertinet ad rationem voluntatis, ut bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 quod quis habet, aliis communicet, secundum quod possibile est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 hoc praecipue pertinet ad voluntatem divinam, a qua, per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 similitudinem, derivatur omnis perfectio. Unde, si res naturales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 inquantum perfectae sunt, suum bonum aliis communicant, multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 pertinet ad voluntatem divinam, ut bonum suum aliis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 similitudinem communicet, secundum quod possibile est. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 vult et se esse, et alia. Sed se ut finem, alia vero ut ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 inquantum condecet divinam bonitatem etiam alia ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 participare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 "ref">[29194] Iª q. 19 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 dicendum quod, licet divinum velle sit eius esse secundum rem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 tamen differt ratione, secundum diversum modum intelligendi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 significandi, ut ex superioribus patet. In hoc enim quod dico Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 esse, non importatur habitudo ad aliquid, sicut in hoc quod dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 Deum velle. Et ideo, licet non sit aliquid aliud a se, vult tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 aliquid aliud a se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29195"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 "ref">[29195] Iª q. 19 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 dicendum quod in his quae volumus propter finem, tota ratio movendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 est finis, et hoc est quod movet voluntatem. Et hoc maxime apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 in his quae volumus tantum propter finem. Qui enim vult sumere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 potionem amaram, nihil in ea vult nisi sanitatem, et hoc solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 quod movet eius voluntatem. Secus autem est in eo qui sumit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 potionem dulcem, quam non solum propter sanitatem, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 propter se aliquis velle potest. Unde, cum Deus alia a se non velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 nisi propter finem qui est sua bonitas, ut dictum est, non sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 quod aliquid aliud moveat voluntatem eius nisi bonitas sua. Et sic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 sicut alia a se intelligit intelligendo essentiam suam, ita alia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 se vult, volendo bonitatem suam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 "ref">[29196] Iª q. 19 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 dicendum quod ex hoc quod voluntati divinae sufficit sua bonitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 non sequitur quod nihil aliud velit, sed quod nihil aliud vult nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 ratione suae bonitatis. Sicut etiam intellectus divinus, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 perfectus ex hoc ipso quod essentiam divinam cognoscit, tamen in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 cognoscit alia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 <p title="I q. 19 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 "ref">[29197] Iª q. 19 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 dicendum quod, sicut intelligere divinum est unum, quia multa non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 videt nisi in uno; ita velle divinum est unum et simplex, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 multa non vult nisi per unum, quod est bonitas sua.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29198"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 "ref">[29198] Iª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 proceditur. Videtur quod quidquid Deus vult, ex necessitate velit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 Omne enim aeternum est necessarium. Sed quidquid Deus vult, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 aeterno vult, alias, voluntas eius esset mutabilis. Ergo quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 vult, ex necessitate vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29199"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 "ref">[29199] Iª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 vult alia a se, inquantum vult bonitatem suam. Sed Deus bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 suam ex necessitate vult. Ergo alia a se ex necessitate vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29200"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 "ref">[29200] Iª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 quidquid est Deo naturale, est necessarium, quia Deus est per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 necesse esse, et principium omnis necessitatis, ut supra ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 est. Sed naturale est ei velle quidquid vult, quia in Deo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 potest esse praeter naturam, ut dicitur in V Metaphys. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 quidquid vult, ex necessitate vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="29201"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 "ref">[29201] Iª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 necesse esse, et possibile non esse, aequipollent. Si igitur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 necesse est Deum velle aliquid eorum quae vult, possibile est eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 non velle illud; et possibile est eum velle illud quod non vult.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 Ergo voluntas divina est contingens ad utrumlibet. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 imperfecta, quia omne contingens est imperfectum et mutabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="29202"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 "ref">[29202] Iª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 quod est ad utrumlibet, non sequitur aliqua actio, nisi ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 alio inclinetur ad unum, ut dicit Commentator, in II Physic. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 ergo voluntas Dei in aliquibus se habet ad utrumlibet, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 quod ab aliquo alio determinetur ad effectum. Et sic habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 causam priorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="29203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 "ref">[29203] Iª q. 19 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 quidquid Deus scit, ex necessitate scit. Sed sicut scientia divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 est eius essentia, ita voluntas divina. Ergo quidquid Deus vult, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 necessitate vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29204"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 "ref">[29204] Iª q. 19 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 quod dicit apostolus, Ephes. I, <i>qui operatur omnia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 consilium voluntatis suae</i>. Quod autem operamur ex consilio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 voluntatis, non ex necessitate volumus. Non ergo quidquid Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 vult, ex necessitate vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 co."><a name="29205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 "ref">[29205] Iª q. 19 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 quod necessarium dicitur aliquid dupliciter, scilicet absolute, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 ex suppositione. Necessarium absolute iudicatur aliquid ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 habitudine terminorum, utpote quia praedicatum est in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 subiecti, sicut necessarium est hominem esse animal; vel quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 subiectum est de ratione praedicati, sicut hoc est necessarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 numerum esse parem vel imparem. Sic autem non est necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 Socratem sedere. Unde non est necessarium absolute, sed potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 necessarium ex suppositione, supposito enim quod sedeat, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 est eum sedere dum sedet. Circa divina igitur volita hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 considerandum est, quod aliquid Deum velle est necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 absolute, non tamen hoc est verum de omnibus quae vult. Voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 enim divina necessariam habitudinem habet ad bonitatem suam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 est proprium eius obiectum. Unde bonitatem suam esse Deus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 necessitate vult; sicut et voluntas nostra ex necessitate vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 beatitudinem. Sicut et quaelibet alia potentia necessariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 habitudinem habet ad proprium et principale obiectum, ut visus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 colorem; quia de sui ratione est, ut in illud tendat. Alia autem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 se Deus vult, inquantum ordinantur ad suam bonitatem ut in finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 Ea autem quae sunt ad finem, non ex necessitate volumus volentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 finem, nisi sint talia, sine quibus finis esse non potest, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 volumus cibum, volentes conservationem vitae; et navem, volentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 transfretare. Non sic autem ex necessitate volumus ea sine quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 finis esse potest, sicut equum ad ambulandum, quia sine hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 possumus ire; et eadem ratio est in aliis. Unde, cum bonitas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 sit perfecta, et esse possit sine aliis, cum nihil ei perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 ex aliis accrescat; sequitur quod alia a se eum velle, non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 necessarium absolute. Et tamen necessarium est ex suppositione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 supposito enim quod velit, non potest non velle, quia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 voluntas eius mutari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29206"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 "ref">[29206] Iª q. 19 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 dicendum quod ex hoc quod Deus ab aeterno vult aliquid, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 sequitur quod necesse est eum illud velle, nisi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 suppositione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 "ref">[29207] Iª q. 19 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 dicendum quod, licet Deus ex necessitate velit bonitatem suam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 tamen ex necessitate vult ea quae vult propter bonitatem suam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 bonitas eius potest esse sine aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 "ref">[29208] Iª q. 19 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 dicendum quod non est naturale Deo velle aliquid aliorum, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 ex necessitate vult. Neque tamen innaturale, aut contra naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 sed est voluntarium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="29209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 "ref">[29209] Iª q. 19 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 dicendum quod aliquando aliqua causa necessaria habet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 necessariam habitudinem ad aliquem effectum, quod est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 defectum effectus, et non propter defectum causae. Sicut virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 solis habet non necessariam habitudinem ad aliquid eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 contingenter hic eveniunt, non propter defectum virtutis solaris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 sed propter defectum effectus non necessario ex causa provenientis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 Et similiter, quod Deus non ex necessitate velit aliquid eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 vult, non accidit ex defectu voluntatis divinae, sed ex defectu qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 competit volito secundum suam rationem, quia scilicet est tale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 sine eo esse possit perfecta bonitas Dei. Qui quidem defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 consequitur omne bonum creatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="29210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 "ref">[29210] Iª q. 19 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 dicendum quod causa quae est ex se contingens, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 determinetur ab aliquo exteriori ad effectum. Sed voluntas divina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 quae ex se necessitatem habet, determinat seipsam ad volitum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 quod habet habitudinem non necessariam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 <p title="I q. 19 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="29211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 "ref">[29211] Iª q. 19 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 quod, sicut divinum esse in se est necessarium, ita et divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 velle et divinum scire, sed divinum scire habet necessariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 habitudinem ad scita, non autem divinum velle ad volita. Quod ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 est, quia scientia habetur de rebus, secundum quod sunt in sciente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 voluntas autem comparatur ad res, secundum quod sunt in seipsis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 Quia igitur omnia alia habent necessarium esse secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 in Deo; non autem secundum quod sunt in seipsis, habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 necessitatem absolutam ita quod sint per seipsa necessaria; propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 hoc Deus quaecumque scit, ex necessitate scit, non autem quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 vult, ex necessitate vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 "ref">[29212] Iª q. 19 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas Dei non sit causa rerum. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 enim Dionysius, cap. IV de Div. Nom., <i>sicut noster sol, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 ratiocinans aut praeeligens, sed per ipsum esse illuminat omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 participare lumen ipsius valentia; ita et bonum divinum per ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 essentiam omnibus existentibus immittit bonitatis suae radios</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 Sed omne quod agit per voluntatem, agit ut ratiocinans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 praeeligens. Ergo Deus non agit per voluntatem. Ergo voluntas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 non est causa rerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 "ref">[29213] Iª q. 19 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 quod est per essentiam, est primum in quolibet ordine sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 ordine ignitorum est primum, quod est ignis per essentiam sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 est primum agens. Ergo est agens per essentiam suam, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 natura eius. Agit igitur per naturam, et non per voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 Voluntas igitur divina non est causa rerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 "ref">[29214] Iª q. 19 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 quidquid est causa alicuius per hoc quod est tale, est causa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 naturam, et non per voluntatem, ignis enim causa est calefactionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 quia est calidus; sed artifex est causa domus, quia vult eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 facere. Sed Augustinus dicit, in I de Doct. Christ., quod <i>quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 Deus bonus est, sumus</i>. Ergo Deus per suam naturam est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 rerum, et non per voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 "ref">[29215] Iª q. 19 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 rei una est causa. Sed rerum creatarum est causa scientia Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 supra dictum est. Ergo voluntas Dei non debet poni causa rerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 "ref">[29216] Iª q. 19 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 quod dicitur Sap. XI, <i>quomodo posset aliquid permanere, nisi tu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 voluisses?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 co."><a name="29217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 "ref">[29217] Iª q. 19 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 quod necesse est dicere voluntatem Dei esse causam rerum, et Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 agere per voluntatem, non per necessitatem naturae, ut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 existimaverunt. Quod quidem apparere potest tripliciter. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 quidem, ex ipso ordine causarum agentium. Cum enim propter finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 agat et intellectus et natura, ut probatur in II Physic., necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 est ut agenti per naturam praedeterminetur finis, et media
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 necessaria ad finem, ab aliquo superiori intellectu; sicut sagittae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 praedeterminatur finis et certus modus a sagittante. Unde necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 est quod agens per intellectum et voluntatem, sit prius agente per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 naturam. Unde, cum primum in ordine agentium sit Deus, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 quod per intellectum et voluntatem agat. Secundo, ex ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 naturalis agentis, ad quod pertinet ut unum effectum producat, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 natura uno et eodem modo operatur, nisi impediatur. Et hoc ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 quia secundum quod est tale, agit, unde, quandiu est tale, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 facit nisi tale. Omne enim agens per naturam, habet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 determinatum. Cum igitur esse divinum non sit determinatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 contineat in se totam perfectionem essendi, non potest esse quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 agat per necessitatem naturae, nisi forte causaret aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 indeterminatum et infinitum in essendo; quod est impossibile, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 superioribus patet. Non igitur agit per necessitatem naturae sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 effectus determinati ab infinita ipsius perfectione procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 secundum determinationem voluntatis et intellectus ipsius. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 ex habitudine effectuum ad causam. Secundum hoc enim effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 procedunt a causa agente, secundum quod praeexistunt in ea, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 omne agens agit sibi simile. Praeexistunt autem effectus in causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 secundum modum causae. Unde, cum esse divinum sit ipsum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 intelligere, praeexistunt in eo effectus eius secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 intelligibilem. Unde et per modum intelligibilem procedunt ab eo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 Et sic, per consequens, per modum voluntatis, nam inclinatio eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 ad agendum quod intellectu conceptum est, pertinet ad voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 Voluntas igitur Dei est causa rerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 "ref">[29218] Iª q. 19 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 dicendum quod Dionysius per verba illa non intendit excludere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 electionem a Deo simpliciter, sed secundum quid, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 scilicet, non quibusdam solum bonitatem suam communicat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 omnibus, prout scilicet electio discretionem quandam importat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 "ref">[29219] Iª q. 19 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 dicendum quod, quia essentia Dei est eius intelligere et velle, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 hoc ipso quod per essentiam suam agit, sequitur quod agat per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 intellectus et voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 "ref">[29220] Iª q. 19 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 dicendum quod bonum est obiectum voluntatis. Pro tanto ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 dicitur, quia Deus bonus est, sumus, inquantum sua bonitas est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 ratio volendi omnia alia, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 <p title="I q. 19 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 "ref">[29221] Iª q. 19 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 dicendum quod unius et eiusdem effectus, etiam in nobis, est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 scientia ut dirigens, qua concipitur forma operis, et voluntas ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 imperans, quia forma, ut est in intellectu tantum, non determinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 ad hoc quod sit vel non sit in effectu, nisi per voluntatem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 intellectus speculativus nihil dicit de operando. Sed potentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 causa ut exequens, quia nominat immediatum principium operationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 Sed haec omnia in Deo unum sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="29222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 "ref">[29222] Iª q. 19 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntatis divinae sit assignare aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 causam. Dicit enim Augustinus, libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 <i>quis audeat dicere Deum irrationabiliter omnia condidisse?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 Sed agenti voluntario, quod est ratio operandi, est etiam causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 volendi. Ergo voluntas Dei habet aliquam causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="29223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 "ref">[29223] Iª q. 19 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 his quae fiunt a volente qui propter nullam causam aliquid vult,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 non oportet aliam causam assignare nisi voluntatem volentis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 voluntas Dei est causa omnium rerum, ut ostensum est. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 voluntatis eius non sit aliqua causa, non oportebit in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 rebus naturalibus aliam causam quaerere, nisi solam voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 divinam. Et sic omnes scientiae essent supervacuae, quae causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 aliquorum effectuum assignare nituntur, quod videtur inconveniens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 Est igitur assignare aliquam causam voluntatis divinae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="29224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 "ref">[29224] Iª q. 19 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 fit a volente non propter aliquam causam, dependet ex simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 voluntate eius. Si igitur voluntas Dei non habeat aliquam causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 sequitur quod omnia quae fiunt, dependeant ex simplici eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 voluntate, et non habeant aliquam aliam causam. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 s. c."><a name="29225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 "ref">[29225] Iª q. 19 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 causa efficiens maior est eo quod efficitur; nihil tamen maius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 voluntate Dei; non ergo causa eius quaerenda est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 co."><a name="29226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 "ref">[29226] Iª q. 19 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 quod nullo modo voluntas Dei causam habet. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 considerandum est quod, cum voluntas sequatur intellectum, eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 modo contingit esse causam alicuius volentis ut velit, et alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 intelligentis ut intelligat. In intellectu autem sic est quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 seorsum intelligat principium, et seorsum conclusionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 intelligentia principii est causa scientiae conclusionis. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 intellectus in ipso principio inspiceret conclusionem, uno intuitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 apprehendens utrumque, in eo scientia conclusionis non causaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 ab intellectu principiorum, quia idem non est causa sui ipsius. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 tamen intelligeret principia esse causas conclusionis. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 est ex parte voluntatis, circa quam sic se habet finis ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 sunt ad finem, sicut in intellectu principia ad conclusiones. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 si aliquis uno actu velit finem, et alio actu ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 finem, velle finem erit ei causa volendi ea quae sunt ad finem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 si uno actu velit finem et ea quae sunt ad finem, hoc esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 poterit, quia idem non est causa sui ipsius. Et tamen erit verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 dicere quod velit ordinare ea quae sunt ad finem, in finem. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 autem, sicut uno actu omnia in essentia sua intelligit, ita uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 actu vult omnia in sua bonitate. Unde, sicut in Deo intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 causam non est causa intelligendi effectus, sed ipse intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 effectus in causa; ita velle finem non est ei causa volendi ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 sunt ad finem, sed tamen vult ea quae sunt ad finem, ordinari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 finem. Vult ergo hoc esse propter hoc, sed non propter hoc vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 hoc.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="29227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 "ref">[29227] Iª q. 19 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 dicendum quod voluntas Dei rationabilis est, non quod aliquid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 Deo causa volendi, sed inquantum vult unum esse propter aliud.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="29228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 "ref">[29228] Iª q. 19 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 dicendum quod, cum velit Deus effectus sic esse, ut ex causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 certis proveniant, ad hoc quod servetur ordo in rebus; non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 supervacuum, etiam cum voluntate Dei, alias causas quaerere. Esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 tamen supervacuum, si aliae causae quaererentur ut primae, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 dependentes a divina voluntate. Et sic loquitur Augustinus in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 de Trin., <i>placuit vanitati philosophorum etiam aliis causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 effectus contingentes tribuere, cum omnino videre non possent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 superiorem ceteris omnibus causam, idest voluntatem Dei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 <p title="I q. 19 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="29229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 "ref">[29229] Iª q. 19 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 dicendum quod, cum Deus velit effectus esse propter causas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 quicumque effectus praesupponunt aliquem alium effectum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 dependent ex sola Dei voluntate, sed ex aliquo alio. Sed primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 effectus ex sola divina voluntate dependent. Utpote si dicamus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 Deus voluit hominem habere manus, ut deservirent intellectui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 operando diversa opera, et voluit eum habere intellectum, ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 quod esset homo, et voluit eum esse hominem, ut frueretur ipso, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 ad complementum universi. Quae quidem non est reducere ad alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 fines creatos ulteriores. Unde huiusmodi dependent ex simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 voluntate Dei, alia vero ex ordine etiam aliarum causarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="29230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 "ref">[29230] Iª q. 19 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas Dei non semper impleatur. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 enim apostolus, I ad Tim. II, quod <i>Deus vult omnes homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 salvos fieri, et ad agnitionem veritatis venire</i>. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 ita evenit. Ergo voluntas Dei non semper impletur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="29231"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 "ref">[29231] Iª q. 19 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 se habet scientia ad verum, ita voluntas ad bonum. Sed Deus scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 omne verum. Ergo vult omne bonum. Sed non omne bonum fit, multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 enim bona possunt fieri, quae non fiunt. Non ergo voluntas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 semper impletur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="29232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 "ref">[29232] Iª q. 19 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 voluntas Dei, cum sit causa prima, non excludit causas medias, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 dictum est. Sed effectus causae primae potest impediri per defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 causae secundae, sicut effectus virtutis motivae impeditur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 debilitatem tibiae. Ergo et effectus divinae voluntatis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 impediri propter defectum secundarum causarum. Non ergo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 Dei semper impletur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 s. c."><a name="29233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 "ref">[29233] Iª q. 19 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 quod dicitur in Psalmo CXIII, <i>omnia quaecumque voluit Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 fecit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 co."><a name="29234"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 "ref">[29234] Iª q. 19 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 quod necesse est voluntatem Dei semper impleri. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 evidentiam, considerandum est quod, cum effectus conformetur agenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 secundum suam formam, eadem ratio est in causis agentibus, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 in causis formalibus. In formis autem sic est quod, licet aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 possit deficere ab aliqua forma particulari, tamen a forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 universali nihil deficere potest, potest enim esse aliquid quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 est homo vel vivum, non autem potest esse aliquid quod non sit ens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 Unde et hoc idem in causis agentibus contingere oportet. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 enim aliquid fieri extra ordinem alicuius causae particularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 agentis, non autem extra ordinem alicuius causae universalis, sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 qua omnes causae particulares comprehenduntur. Quia, si aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 causa particularis deficiat a suo effectu, hoc est propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 aliam causam particularem impedientem, quae continetur sub ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 causae universalis, unde effectus ordinem causae universalis nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 modo potest exire. Et hoc etiam patet in corporalibus. Potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 impediri quod aliqua stella non inducat suum effectum, sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 quicumque effectus ex causa corporea impediente in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 corporalibus consequatur, oportet quod reducatur per aliquas causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 medias in universalem virtutem primi caeli. Cum igitur voluntas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 sit universalis causa omnium rerum, impossibile est quod divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 voluntas suum effectum non consequatur. Unde quod recedere videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 a divina voluntate secundum unum ordinem, relabitur in ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 secundum alium, sicut peccator, qui, quantum est in se, recedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 divina voluntate peccando, incidit in ordinem divinae voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 dum per eius iustitiam punitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="29235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 "ref">[29235] Iª q. 19 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 dicendum quod illud verbum apostoli, quod Deus vult omnes homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 salvos fieri etc., potest tripliciter intelligi. Uno modo, ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 accommoda distributio, secundum hunc sensum, Deus vult salvos fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 omnes homines qui salvantur, non quia nullus homo sit quem salvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 fieri non velit, sed quia nullus salvus fit, quem non velit salvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 fieri, ut dicit Augustinus secundo potest intelligi, ut fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 distributio pro generibus singulorum, et non pro singulis generum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 secundum hunc sensum, Deus vult de quolibet statu hominum salvos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 fieri, mares et feminas, Iudaeos et gentiles, parvos et magnos; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 tamen omnes de singulis statibus. Tertio, secundum Damascenum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 intelligitur de voluntate antecedente, non de voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 consequente. Quae quidem distinctio non accipitur ex parte ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 voluntatis divinae, in qua nihil est prius vel posterius; sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 parte volitorum. Ad cuius intellectum, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 unumquodque, secundum quod bonum est, sic est volitum a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 Aliquid autem potest esse in prima sui consideratione, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 quod absolute consideratur, bonum vel malum, quod tamen, prout cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 aliquo adiuncto consideratur, quae est consequens consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 eius, e contrario se habet. Sicut hominem vivere est bonum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 hominem occidi est malum, secundum absolutam considerationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 si addatur circa aliquem hominem, quod sit homicida, vel vivens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 periculum multitudinis, sic bonum est eum occidi, et malum est eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 vivere. Unde potest dici quod iudex iustus antecedenter vult omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 hominem vivere; sed consequenter vult homicidam suspendi. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 Deus antecedenter vult omnem hominem salvari; sed consequenter vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 quosdam damnari, secundum exigentiam suae iustitiae. Neque tamen id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 quod antecedenter volumus, simpliciter volumus, sed secundum quid.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 Quia voluntas comparatur ad res, secundum quod in seipsis sunt, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 seipsis autem sunt in particulari, unde simpliciter volumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 aliquid, secundum quod volumus illud consideratis omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 circumstantiis particularibus, quod est consequenter velle. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 potest dici quod iudex iustus simpliciter vult homicidam suspendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 sed secundum quid vellet eum vivere, scilicet inquantum est homo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 Unde magis potest dici velleitas, quam absoluta voluntas. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 patet quod quidquid Deus simpliciter vult, fit; licet illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 antecedenter vult, non fiat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="29236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 "ref">[29236] Iª q. 19 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 dicendum quod actus cognoscitivae virtutis est secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 cognitum est in cognoscente, actus autem virtutis appetitivae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 ordinatus ad res, secundum quod in seipsis sunt. Quidquid autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 potest habere rationem entis et veri, totum est virtualiter in Deo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 sed non totum existit in rebus creatis. Et ideo Deus cognoscit omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 verum, non tamen vult omne bonum, nisi inquantum vult se, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 virtualiter omne bonum existit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 <p title="I q. 19 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="29237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 "ref">[29237] Iª q. 19 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 dicendum quod causa prima tunc potest impediri a suo effectu per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 defectum causae secundae, quando non est universaliter prima, sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 se omnes causas comprehendens, quia sic effectus nullo modo posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 suum ordinem evadere. Et sic est de voluntate Dei, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="29238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 "ref">[29238] Iª q. 19 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas Dei sit mutabilis. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 dominus Genes. VI, <i>poenitet me fecisse hominem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 quemcumque poenitet de eo quod fecit, habet mutabilem voluntatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 Ergo Deus habet mutabilem voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="29239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 "ref">[29239] Iª q. 19 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 Ierem. XVIII, ex persona domini dicitur, <i>loquar adversus gentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 et adversus regnum, ut eradicem et destruam et disperdam illud; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 si poenitentiam egerit gens illa a malo suo, agam et ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 poenitentiam super malo quod cogitavi ut facerem ei</i>. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 habet mutabilem voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="29240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 "ref">[29240] Iª q. 19 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 quidquid Deus facit, voluntarie facit. Sed Deus non semper eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 facit, nam quandoque praecepit legalia observari, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 prohibuit. Ergo habet mutabilem voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="29241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 "ref">[29241] Iª q. 19 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 non ex necessitate vult quod vult, ut supra dictum est. Ergo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 velle et non velle idem. Sed omne quod habet potentiam ad opposita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 est mutabile, sicut quod potest esse et non esse, est mutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 secundum substantiam; et quod potest esse hic et non esse hic, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 mutabile secundum locum. Ergo Deus est mutabilis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 s. c."><a name="29242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 "ref">[29242] Iª q. 19 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 quod dicitur Num. XXIII, <i>non est Deus, quasi homo, ut mentiatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 neque ut filius hominis, ut mutetur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 co."><a name="29243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 "ref">[29243] Iª q. 19 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 quod voluntas Dei est omnino immutabilis. Sed circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 considerandum est, quod aliud est mutare voluntatem; et aliud est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 velle aliquarum rerum mutationem. Potest enim aliquis, eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 voluntate immobiliter permanente, velle quod nunc fiat hoc, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 postea fiat contrarium. Sed tunc voluntas mutaretur, si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 inciperet velle quod prius non voluit, vel desineret velle quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 voluit. Quod quidem accidere non potest, nisi praesupposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 mutatione vel ex parte cognitionis, vel circa dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 substantiae ipsius volentis. Cum enim voluntas sit boni, aliquis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 novo dupliciter potest incipere aliquid velle. Uno modo sic, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 de novo incipiat sibi illud esse bonum. Quod non est absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 mutatione eius, sicut adveniente frigore, incipit esse bonum sedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 ad ignem, quod prius non erat. Alio modo sic, quod de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 cognoscat illud esse sibi bonum, cum prius hoc ignorasset, ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 enim consiliamur, ut sciamus quid nobis sit bonum. Ostensum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 autem supra quod tam substantia Dei quam eius scientia est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 immutabilis. Unde oportet voluntatem eius omnino esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 immutabilem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="29244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 "ref">[29244] Iª q. 19 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 dicendum quod illud verbum domini metaphorice intelligendum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 secundum similitudinem nostram, cum enim nos poenitet, destruimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 quod fecimus. Quamvis hoc esse possit absque mutatione voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 cum etiam aliquis homo, absque mutatione voluntatis, interdum velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 aliquid facere, simul intendens postea illud destruere. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 Deus poenituisse dicitur, secundum similitudinem operationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 inquantum hominem quem fecerat, per diluvium a facie terrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 delevit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="29245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 "ref">[29245] Iª q. 19 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 dicendum quod voluntas Dei, cum sit causa prima et universalis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 excludit causas medias, in quarum virtute est ut aliqui effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 producantur. Sed quia omnes causae mediae non adaequant virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 causae primae, multa sunt in virtute et scientia et voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 divina, quae non continentur sub ordine causarum inferiorum; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 resuscitatio Lazari. Unde aliquis respiciens ad causas inferiores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 dicere poterat, Lazarus non resurget, respiciens vero ad causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 primam divinam, poterat dicere, Lazarus resurget. Et utrumque horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 Deus vult, scilicet quod aliquid quandoque sit futurum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 causam inferiorem, quod tamen futurum non sit secundum causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 superiorem; vel e converso. Sic ergo dicendum est quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 aliquando pronuntiat aliquid futurum, secundum quod continetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 ordine causarum inferiorum, ut puta secundum dispositionem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 vel meritorum; quod tamen non fit, quia aliter est in causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 superiori divina. Sicut cum praedixit Ezechiae, <i>dispone domui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 tuae, quia morieris et non vives</i>, ut habetur Isaiae XXXVIII;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 neque tamen ita evenit, quia ab aeterno aliter fuit in scientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 voluntate divina, quae immutabilis est. Propter quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 Gregorius, quod <i>Deus immutat sententiam, non tamen mutat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 consilium</i>, scilicet voluntatis suae. Quod ergo dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 poenitentiam agam ego, intelligitur metaphorice dictum, nam homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 quando non implent quod comminati sunt, poenitere videntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="29246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 "ref">[29246] Iª q. 19 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 dicendum quod ex ratione illa non potest concludi quod Deus habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 mutabilem voluntatem; sed quod mutationem velit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 <p title="I q. 19 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="29247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 "ref">[29247] Iª q. 19 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 dicendum quod, licet Deum velle aliquid non sit necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 absolute, tamen necessarium est ex suppositione, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 immutabilitatem divinae voluntatis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="29248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 "ref">[29248] Iª q. 19 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas Dei rebus volitis necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 imponat. Dicit enim Augustinus, in Enchirid., <i>nullus fit salvus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 nisi quem Deus voluerit salvari. Et ideo rogandus est ut velit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 quia necesse est fieri, si voluerit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="29249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 "ref">[29249] Iª q. 19 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 causa quae non potest impediri, ex necessitate suum effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 producit, quia et natura semper idem operatur, nisi aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 impediat, ut dicitur in II Physic. Sed voluntas Dei non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 impediri, dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom. IX, <i>voluntati enim eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 quis resistit?</i> Ergo voluntas Dei imponit rebus volitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 necessitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="29250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 "ref">[29250] Iª q. 19 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 quod habet necessitatem ex priori, est necessarium absolute, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 animal mori est necessarium, quia est ex contrariis compositum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 res creatae a Deo, comparantur ad voluntatem divinam sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 aliquid prius, a quo habent necessitatem, cum haec conditionalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 sit vera, si aliquid Deus vult, illud est; omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 conditionalis vera est necessaria. Sequitur ergo quod omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 Deus vult, sit necessarium absolute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 s. c."><a name="29251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 "ref">[29251] Iª q. 19 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 bona quae fiunt, Deus vult fieri. Si igitur eius voluntas imponat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 rebus volitis necessitatem, sequitur quod omnia bona ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 eveniunt. Et sic perit liberum arbitrium et consilium, et omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 co."><a name="29252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 "ref">[29252] Iª q. 19 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 quod divina voluntas quibusdam volitis necessitatem imponit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 autem omnibus. Cuius quidem rationem aliqui assignare voluerunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 causis mediis quia ea quae producit per causas necessarias, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 necessaria; ea vero quae producit per causas contingentes, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 contingentia. Sed hoc non videtur sufficienter dictum, propter duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 Primo quidem, quia effectus alicuius primae causae est contingens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 propter causam secundam, ex eo quod impeditur effectus causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 primae per defectum causae secundae; sicut virtus solis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 defectum plantae impeditur. Nullus autem defectus causae secundae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 impedire potest quin voluntas Dei effectum suum producat. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 quia, si distinctio contingentium a necessariis referatur solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 causas secundas, sequitur hoc esse praeter intentionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 voluntatem divinam, quod est inconveniens. Et ideo melius dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 est, quod hoc contingit propter efficaciam divinae voluntatis. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 enim aliqua causa efficax fuerit ad agendum, effectus consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 causam non tantum secundum id quod fit, sed etiam secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 fiendi vel essendi, ex debilitate enim virtutis activae in semine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 contingit quod filius nascitur dissimilis patri in accidentibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 quae pertinent ad modum essendi. Cum igitur voluntas divina sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 efficacissima, non solum sequitur quod fiant ea quae Deus vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 fieri; sed quod eo modo fiant, quo Deus ea fieri vult. Vult autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 quaedam fieri Deus necessario, et quaedam contingenter, ut sit ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 in rebus, ad complementum universi. Et ideo quibusdam effectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 aptavit causas necessarias, quae deficere non possunt, ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 effectus de necessitate proveniunt, quibusdam autem aptavit causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 contingentes defectibiles, ex quibus effectus contingenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 eveniunt. Non igitur propterea effectus voliti a Deo, eveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 contingenter, quia causae proximae sunt contingentes, sed propterea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 quia Deus voluit eos contingenter evenire, contingentes causas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 eos praeparavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="29253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 "ref">[29253] Iª q. 19 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 dicendum quod per illud verbum Augustini intelligenda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 necessitas in rebus volitis a Deo, non absoluta, sed conditionalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 necesse est enim hanc conditionalem veram esse, si Deus hoc vult,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 necesse est hoc esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="29254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 "ref">[29254] Iª q. 19 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 dicendum quod, ex hoc ipso quod nihil voluntati divinae resistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 sequitur quod non solum fiant ea quae Deus vult fieri; sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 fiant contingenter vel necessario, quae sic fieri vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 <p title="I q. 19 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="29255"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 "ref">[29255] Iª q. 19 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 dicendum quod posteriora habent necessitatem a prioribus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 modum priorum. Unde et ea quae fiunt a voluntate divina, talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 necessitatem habent, qualem Deus vult ea habere, scilicet, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 absolutam, vel conditionalem tantum. Et sic, non omnia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 necessaria absolute.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="29256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 "ref">[29256] Iª q. 19 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 proceditur. Videtur quod voluntas Dei sit malorum. Omne enim bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 quod fit, Deus vult. Sed mala fieri bonum est, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 Augustinus, in Enchirid., <i>quamvis ea quae mala sunt, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 mala sunt, non sint bona; tamen, ut non solum bona, sed etiam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 sint mala, bonum est</i>. Ergo Deus vult mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="29257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 "ref">[29257] Iª q. 19 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., erit malum ad omnis (idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 universi) perfectionem conferens. Et Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 Enchirid., <i>ex omnibus consistit universitatis admirabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 pulchritudo; in qua etiam illud quod malum dicitur, bene ordinatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 et loco suo positum, eminentius commendat bona; ut magis placeant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 et laudabiliora sint, dum comparantur malis</i>. Sed Deus vult omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 illud quod pertinet ad perfectionem et decorem universi, quia hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 est quod Deus maxime vult in creaturis. Ergo Deus vult mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="29258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 "ref">[29258] Iª q. 19 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 fieri, et non fieri, sunt contradictorie opposita. Sed Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 vult mala non fieri, quia, cum mala quaedam fiant, non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 voluntas Dei impleretur. Ergo Deus vult mala fieri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 s. c."><a name="29259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 "ref">[29259] Iª q. 19 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 sapiente homine auctore, fit homo deterior; est autem Deus omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 sapiente homine praestantior; multo igitur minus, Deo auctore, fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 aliquis deterior. Illo autem auctore cum dicitur, illo volente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 dicitur</i>. Non ergo volente Deo, fit homo deterior. Constat autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 quod quolibet malo fit aliquid deterius. Ergo Deus non vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 co."><a name="29260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 "ref">[29260] Iª q. 19 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 quod, cum ratio boni sit ratio appetibilis, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 malum autem opponatur bono; impossibile est quod aliquod malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 inquantum huiusmodi, appetatur, neque appetitu naturali, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 animali, neque intellectuali, qui est voluntas. Sed aliquod malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 appetitur per accidens, inquantum consequitur ad aliquod bonum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 hoc apparet in quolibet appetitu. Non enim agens naturale intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 privationem vel corruptionem; sed formam, cui coniungitur privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 alterius formae; et generationem unius, quae est corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 alterius. Leo etiam, occidens cervum, intendit cibum, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 coniungitur occisio animalis. Similiter fornicator intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 delectationem, cui coniungitur deformitas culpae. Malum autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 coniungitur alicui bono, est privatio alterius boni. Nunquam igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 appeteretur malum, nec per accidens, nisi bonum cui coniungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 malum, magis appeteretur quam bonum quod privatur per malum. Nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 autem bonum Deus magis vult quam suam bonitatem, vult tamen aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 bonum magis quam aliud quoddam bonum. Unde malum culpae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 privat ordinem ad bonum divinum, Deus nullo modo vult. Sed malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 naturalis defectus, vel malum poenae vult, volendo aliquod bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 cui coniungitur tale malum, sicut, volendo iustitiam, vult poenam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 et volendo ordinem naturae servari, vult quaedam naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 corrumpi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="29261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 "ref">[29261] Iª q. 19 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod, licet Deus non velit mala, vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 tamen mala esse vel fieri, quia, licet mala non sint bona, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 tamen est mala esse vel fieri. Quod ideo dicebant, quia ea quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 se mala sunt, ordinantur ad aliquod bonum, quem quidem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 importari credebant in hoc quod dicitur, mala esse vel fieri. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 hoc non recte dicitur. Quia malum non ordinatur ad bonum per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 sed per accidens. Praeter intentionem enim peccantis est, quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 hoc sequatur aliquod bonum; sicut praeter intentionem tyrannorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 fuit, quod ex eorum persecutionibus claresceret patientia martyrum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 Et ideo non potest dici quod talis ordo ab bonum importetur per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 quod dicitur, quod malum esse vel fieri sit bonum, quia nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 iudicatur secundum illud quod competit ei per accidens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 secundum illud quod competit ei per se.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="29262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 "ref">[29262] Iª q. 19 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 dicendum quod malum non operatur ad perfectionem et decorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 universi nisi per accidens, ut dictum est. Unde et hoc quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 Dionysius, quod malum est ad universi perfectionem conferens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 concludit inducendo quasi ad inconveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 <p title="I q. 19 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="29263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 "ref">[29263] Iª q. 19 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 dicendum quod, licet mala fieri, et mala non fieri, contradictorie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 opponantur; tamen velle mala fieri, et velle mala non fieri, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 opponuntur contradictorie, cum utrumque sit affirmativum. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 igitur neque vult mala fieri, neque vult mala non fieri, sed vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 permittere mala fieri. Et hoc est bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 <p title="I q. 19 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="29264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 "ref">[29264] Iª q. 19 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non habeat liberum arbitrium. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 enim Hieronymus, in homilia de filio prodigo, <i>solus Deus est, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 quem peccatum non cadit, nec cadere potest; cetera, cum sint liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 arbitrii, in utramque partem flecti possunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 <p title="I q. 19 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="29265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 "ref">[29265] Iª q. 19 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 liberum arbitrium est facultas rationis et voluntatis, qua bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 malum eligitur. Sed Deus non vult malum, ut dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 liberum arbitrium non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 <p title="I q. 19 a. 10 s. c."><a name="29266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 "ref">[29266] Iª q. 19 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 quod dicit Ambrosius, in libro de fide, <i>spiritus sanctus dividit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 singulis prout vult, idest pro liberae voluntatis arbitrio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 necessitatis obsequio</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 <p title="I q. 19 a. 10 co."><a name="29267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 "ref">[29267] Iª q. 19 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 quod liberum arbitrium habemus respectu eorum quae non necessario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 volumus, vel naturali instinctu. Non enim ad liberum arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 pertinet quod volumus esse felices, sed ad naturalem instinctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 Unde et alia animalia, quae naturali instinctu moventur ad aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 non dicuntur libero arbitrio moveri. Cum igitur Deus ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 suam bonitatem velit, alia vero non ex necessitate, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 ostensum est; respectu illorum quae non ex necessitate vult,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 liberum arbitrium habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 <p title="I q. 19 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="29268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 "ref">[29268] Iª q. 19 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 dicendum quod Hieronymus videtur excludere a Deo liberum arbitrium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 non simpliciter, sed solum quantum ad hoc quod est deflecti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 <p title="I q. 19 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="29269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 "ref">[29269] Iª q. 19 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 dicendum quod, cum malum culpae dicatur per aversionem a bonitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 divina, per quam Deus omnia vult, ut supra ostensum est, manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 est quod impossibile est eum malum culpae velle. Et tamen ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 opposita se habet, inquantum velle potest hoc esse vel non esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 Sicut et nos, non peccando, possumus velle sedere, et non velle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 sedere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 <p title="I q. 19 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="29270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 "ref">[29270] Iª q. 19 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit distinguenda in Deo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 signi. Sicut enim voluntas Dei est causa rerum, ita et scientia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 Sed non assignantur aliqua signa ex parte divinae scientiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 neque debent assignari aliqua signa ex parte divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 <p title="I q. 19 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="29271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 "ref">[29271] Iª q. 19 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 signum quod non concordat ei cuius est signum, est falsum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 igitur signa quae assignantur circa voluntatem divinam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 concordant divinae voluntati, sunt falsa, si autem concordant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 superflue assignantur. Non igitur sunt aliqua signa circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 voluntatem divinam assignanda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 <p title="I q. 19 a. 11 s. c."><a name="29272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 "ref">[29272] Iª q. 19 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 quod voluntas Dei est una, cum ipsa sit Dei essentia. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 autem pluraliter significatur, ut cum dicitur, <i>magna opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 domini, exquisita in omnes voluntates eius</i>. Ergo oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 aliquando signum voluntatis pro voluntate accipiatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 <p title="I q. 19 a. 11 co."><a name="29273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 "ref">[29273] Iª q. 19 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 quod in Deo quaedam dicuntur proprie, et quaedam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 metaphoram, ut ex supradictis patet. Cum autem aliquae passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 humanae in divinam praedicationem metaphorice assumuntur, hoc fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 secundum similitudinem effectus, unde illud quod est signum talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 passionis in nobis, in Deo nomine illius passionis metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 significatur. Sicut, apud nos, irati punire consueverunt, unde ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 punitio est signum irae, et propter hoc, ipsa punitio nomine irae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 significatur, cum Deo attribuitur. Similiter id quod solet esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 nobis signum voluntatis, quandoque metaphorice in Deo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 dicitur. Sicut, cum aliquis praecipit aliquid, signum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 velit illud fieri, unde praeceptum divinum quandoque metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 voluntas Dei dicitur, secundum illud Matth. VI, <i>fiat voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 tua, sicut in caelo et in terra</i>. Sed hoc distat inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 voluntatem et iram, quia ira de Deo nunquam proprie dicitur, cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 suo principali intellectu includat passionem, voluntas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 proprie de Deo dicitur. Et ideo in Deo distinguitur voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 proprie, et metaphorice dicta. Voluntas enim proprie dicta, vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 voluntas beneplaciti, voluntas autem metaphorice dicta, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 voluntas signi, eo quod ipsum signum voluntatis voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 <p title="I q. 19 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="29274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 "ref">[29274] Iª q. 19 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 dicendum quod scientia non est causa eorum quae fiunt, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 voluntatem, non enim quae scimus facimus, nisi velimus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 signum non attribuitur scientiae, sicut attribuitur voluntati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 <p title="I q. 19 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="29275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 "ref">[29275] Iª q. 19 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 dicendum quod signa voluntatis dicuntur voluntates divinae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 quia sint signa quod Deus velit, sed quia ea quae in nobis solent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 esse signa volendi, in Deo divinae voluntates dicuntur. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 punitio non est signum quod in Deo sit ira, sed punitio, ex eo ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 quod in nobis est signum irae, in Deo dicitur ira.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="29276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 "ref">[29276] Iª q. 19 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter circa divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 voluntatem ponantur quinque signa, scilicet, prohibitio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 praeceptum, consilium, operatio et permissio. Nam eadem quae nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 praecipit Deus vel consulit, in nobis quandoque operatur, et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 quae prohibet, quandoque permittit. Ergo non debent ex opposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 dividi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="29277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 "ref">[29277] Iª q. 19 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 nihil Deus operatur, nisi volens, ut dicitur Sap. XI. Sed voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 signi distinguitur a voluntate beneplaciti. Ergo operatio sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 voluntate signi comprehendi non debet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="29278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 "ref">[29278] Iª q. 19 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 operatio et permissio communiter ad omnes creaturas pertinent, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 in omnibus Deus operatur, et in omnibus aliquid fieri permittit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 Sed praeceptum, consilium et prohibitio pertinent ad solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 rationalem creaturam. Ergo non veniunt convenienter in unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 divisionem, cum non sint unius ordinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="29279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 "ref">[29279] Iª q. 19 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 malum pluribus modis contingit quam bonum, quia bonum contingit uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 modo, sed malum omnifariam, ut patet per philosophum in II Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 et per Dionysium in IV cap. de Div. Nom. Inconvenienter igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 respectu mali assignatur unum signum tantum, scilicet prohibitio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 respectu vero boni, duo signa, scilicet consilium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 praeceptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 co."><a name="29280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 "ref">[29280] Iª q. 19 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 quod huiusmodi signa voluntatis dicuntur ea, quibus consuevimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 demonstrare nos aliquid velle. Potest autem aliquis declarare se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 velle aliquid, vel per seipsum, vel per alium. Per seipsum quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 inquantum facit aliquid, vel directe, vel indirecte et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 accidens. Directe quidem, cum per se aliquid operatur, et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 ad hoc, dicitur esse signum operatio. Indirecte autem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 non impedit operationem, nam removens prohibens dicitur movens per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 accidens, ut dicitur in VIII Physic. Et quantum ad hoc, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 signum permissio. Per alium autem declarat se aliquid velle,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 inquantum ordinat alium ad aliquid faciendum; vel necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 inductione, quod fit praecipiendo quod quis vult, et prohibendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 contrarium; vel aliqua persuasoria inductione, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 consilium. Quia igitur his modis declaratur aliquem velle aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 propter hoc ista quinque nominantur interdum nomine voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 divinae, tanquam signa voluntatis. Quod enim praeceptum, consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 et prohibitio dicantur Dei voluntas, patet per id quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 Matth. VI <i>fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo et in terra</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 Quod autem permissio vel operatio dicantur Dei voluntas patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 Augustinum, qui dicit in Enchirid., <i>nihil fit, nisi omnipotens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 fieri velit, vel sinendo ut fiat, vel faciendo</i>. Vel potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 quod permissio et operatio referuntur ad praesens permissio quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 ad malum, operatio vero ad bonum. Ad futurum vero, prohibitio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 respectu mali; respectu vero boni necessarii, praeceptum; respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 vero superabundantis boni, consilium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="29281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 "ref">[29281] Iª q. 19 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 dicendum quod nihil prohibet, circa eandem rem, aliquem diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 declarare se aliquid velle, sicut inveniuntur multa nomina idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 significantia. Unde nihil prohibet idem subiacere praecepto et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 consilio et operationi, et prohibitioni vel permissioni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="29282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 "ref">[29282] Iª q. 19 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 dicendum quod, sicut Deus potest significari metaphorice velle id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 quod non vult voluntate proprie accepta, ita potest metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 significari velle id quod proprie vult. Unde nihil prohibet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 eodem esse voluntatem beneplaciti, et voluntatem signi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 operatio semper est eadem cum voluntate beneplaciti, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 praeceptum vel consilium, tum quia haec est de praesenti, illud de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 futuro; tum quia haec per se est effectus voluntatis, illud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 per alium, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="29283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 "ref">[29283] Iª q. 19 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 dicendum quod creatura rationalis est domina sui actus, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 circa ipsam specialia quaedam signa divinae voluntatis assignantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 inquantum rationalem creaturam Deus ordinat ad agendum voluntarie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 et per se. Sed aliae creaturae non agunt nisi motae ex operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 divina, et ideo circa alias non habent locum nisi operatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 permissio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 <p title="I q. 19 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="29284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 "ref">[29284] Iª q. 19 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 dicendum quod omne malum culpae, licet multipliciter contingat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 tamen in hoc convenit, quod discordat a voluntate divina et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 unum signum respectu malorum assignatur, scilicet prohibitio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 diversimode bona se habent ad bonitatem divinam. Quia quaedam sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 sine quibus fruitionem divinae bonitatis consequi non possumus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 respectu horum est praeceptum. Quaedam vero sunt, quibus perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 consequimur, et respectu horum est consilium. Vel dicendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 consilium est non solum de melioribus bonis assequendis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 de minoribus malis vitandis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 <div class="D">Quaestio 20</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 <p title="I q. 20 pr."><a name="29285"><span class="ref">[29285]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 Iª q. 20 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 absolute ad voluntatem Dei pertinent. In parte autem appetitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 inveniuntur in nobis et passiones animae, ut gaudium, amor, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 huiusmodi; et habitus moralium virtutum, ut iustitia, fortitudo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 huiusmodi. Unde primo considerabimus de amore Dei; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 iustitia Dei, et misericordia eius. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 quatuor. Primo, utrum in Deo sit amor. Secundo, utrum amet omnia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 Tertio, utrum magis amet unum quam aliud. Quarto, utrum meliora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 magis amet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 "ref">[29286] Iª q. 20 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit in Deo. Nulla enim passio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 in Deo. Amor est passio. Ergo amor non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29287"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 "ref">[29287] Iª q. 20 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, amor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 ira, tristitia, et huiusmodi, contra se dividuntur. Sed tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 et ira non dicuntur de Deo nisi metaphorice. Ergo nec amor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29288"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 "ref">[29288] Iª q. 20 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>amor est vis unitiva et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 concretiva</i>. Hoc autem in Deo locum habere non potest, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 simplex. Ergo in Deo non est amor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 "ref">[29289] Iª q. 20 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 quod dicitur I Ioan. IV, <i>Deus caritas est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 co."><a name="29290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 "ref">[29290] Iª q. 20 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 quod necesse est ponere amorem in Deo. Primus enim motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 voluntatis, et cuiuslibet appetitivae virtutis, est amor. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 actus voluntatis, et cuiuslibet appetitivae virtutis tendat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 bonum et malum, sicut in propria obiecta; bonum autem principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 et per se est obiectum voluntatis et appetitus, malum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 secundario et per aliud, inquantum scilicet opponitur bono, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 naturaliter esse priores actus voluntatis et appetitus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 respiciunt bonum, his qui respiciunt malum; ut gaudium quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 tristitia, et amor quam odium. Semper enim quod est per se, prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 est eo quod est per aliud. Rursus, quod est communius, naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 est prius, unde et intellectus per prius habet ordinem ad verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 commune, quam ad particularia quaedam vera. Sunt autem quidam actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 voluntatis et appetitus, respicientes bonum sub aliqua speciali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 conditione, sicut gaudium et delectatio est de bono praesenti et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 habito; desiderium autem et spes, de bono nondum adepto. Amor autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 respicit bonum in communi, sive sit habitum, sive non habitum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 amor naturaliter est primus actus voluntatis et appetitus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 propter hoc, omnes alii motus appetitivi praesupponunt amorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 quasi primam radicem. Nullus enim desiderat aliquid, nisi bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 amatum, neque aliquis gaudet, nisi de bono amato. Odium etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 est nisi de eo quod contrariatur rei amatae. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 tristitiam, et cetera huiusmodi, manifestum est in amorem referri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 sicut in primum principium. Unde in quocumque est voluntas vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 appetitus, oportet esse amorem, remoto enim primo, removentur alia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 Ostensum est autem in Deo esse voluntatem. Unde necesse est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 ponere amorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 "ref">[29291] Iª q. 20 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 dicendum quod vis cognitiva non movet, nisi mediante appetitiva. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 sicut in nobis ratio universalis movet mediante ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 particulari, ut dicitur in III de anima; ita appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 intellectivus, qui dicitur voluntas, movet in nobis mediante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 appetitu sensitivo. Unde proximum motivum corporis in nobis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 appetitus sensitivus. Unde semper actum appetitus sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 concomitatur aliqua transmutatio corporis; et maxime circa cor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 quod est primum principium motus in animali. Sic igitur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 appetitus sensitivi, inquantum habent transmutationem corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 annexam, passiones dicuntur, non autem actus voluntatis. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 igitur et gaudium et delectatio, secundum quod significant actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 appetitus sensitivi, passiones sunt, non autem secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 significant actus appetitus intellectivi. Et sic ponuntur in Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 Unde dicit philosophus, in VII Ethic., quod <i>Deus una et simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 operatione gaudet</i>. Et eadem ratione, sine passione amat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 "ref">[29292] Iª q. 20 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 dicendum quod in passionibus sensitivi appetitus, est considerare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 aliquid quasi materiale, scilicet corporalem transmutationem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 aliquid quasi formale, quod est ex parte appetitus. Sicut in ira,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 ut dicitur in I de anima, materiale est accensio sanguinis circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 cor, vel aliquid huiusmodi; formale vero, appetitus vindictae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 rursus, ex parte eius quod est formale, in quibusdam horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 designatur aliqua imperfectio; sicut in desiderio, quod est boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 non habiti; et in tristitia, quae est mali habiti. Et eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 est de ira, quae tristitiam supponit. Quaedam vero nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 imperfectionem designant, ut amor et gaudium. Cum igitur nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 horum Deo conveniat secundum illud quod est materiale in eis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 dictum est; illa quae imperfectionem important etiam formaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 Deo convenire non possunt nisi metaphorice, propter similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 effectus, ut supra dictum est. Quae autem imperfectionem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 important, de Deo proprie dicuntur, ut amor et gaudium, tamen sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 passione, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 <p title="I q. 20 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 "ref">[29293] Iª q. 20 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 dicendum quod actus amoris semper tendit in duo, scilicet in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 quod quis vult alicui; et in eum cui vult bonum. Hoc enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 proprie amare aliquem, velle ei bonum. Unde in eo quod aliquis amat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 se, vult bonum sibi. Et sic illud bonum quaerit sibi unire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 inquantum potest. Et pro tanto dicitur amor vis unitiva, etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 Deo, sed absque compositione, quia illud bonum quod vult sibi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 est aliud quam ipse, qui est per suam essentiam bonus, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 ostensum est. In hoc vero quod aliquis amat alium, vult bonum illi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 Et sic utitur eo tanquam seipso, referens bonum ad illum, sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 seipsum. Et pro tanto dicitur amor vis concretiva, quia alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 aggregat sibi habens se ad eum sicut ad seipsum. Et sic etiam amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 divinus est vis concretiva, absque compositione quae sit in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 inquantum aliis bona vult.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 "ref">[29294] Iª q. 20 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non omnia amet. Quia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., amor amantem extra se ponit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 eum quodammodo in amatum transfert. Inconveniens autem est dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 quod Deus, extra se positus, in alia transferatur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 inconveniens est dicere quod Deus alia a se amet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 "ref">[29295] Iª q. 20 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 Dei aeternus est. Sed ea quae sunt alia a Deo, non sunt ab aeterno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 nisi in Deo. Ergo Deus non amat ea nisi in seipso. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 quod sunt in eo, non sunt aliud ab eo. Ergo Deus non amat alia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 seipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 "ref">[29296] Iª q. 20 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 duplex est amor, scilicet concupiscentiae, et amicitiae. Sed Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 creaturas irrationales non amat amore concupiscentiae, quia nullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 extra se eget, nec etiam amore amicitiae, quia non potest ad res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 irrationales haberi, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII Ethic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 Deus non omnia amat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 "ref">[29297] Iª q. 20 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 Psalmo dicitur, <i>odisti omnes qui operantur iniquitatem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 Nihil autem simul odio habetur et amatur. Ergo Deus non omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 amat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 "ref">[29298] Iª q. 20 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 quod dicitur Sap. XI, <i>diligis omnia quae sunt, et nihil odisti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 eorum quae fecisti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 co."><a name="29299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 "ref">[29299] Iª q. 20 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 quod Deus omnia existentia amat. Nam omnia existentia, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 sunt, bona sunt, ipsum enim esse cuiuslibet rei quoddam bonum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 et similiter quaelibet perfectio ipsius. Ostensum est autem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 quod voluntas Dei est causa omnium rerum et sic oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 intantum habeat aliquid esse, aut quodcumque bonum, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 volitum a Deo. Cuilibet igitur existenti Deus vult aliquod bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 Unde, cum amare nil aliud sit quam velle bonum alicui, manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 est quod Deus omnia quae sunt, amat. Non tamen eo modo sicut nos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 Quia enim voluntas nostra non est causa bonitatis rerum, sed ab ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 movetur sicut ab obiecto, amor noster, quo bonum alicui volumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 non est causa bonitatis ipsius, sed e converso bonitas eius, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 vera vel aestimata, provocat amorem, quo ei volumus et bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 conservari quod habet, et addi quod non habet, et ad hoc operamur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 Sed amor Dei est infundens et creans bonitatem in rebus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 "ref">[29300] Iª q. 20 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 dicendum quod amans sic fit extra se in amatum translatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 inquantum vult amato bonum, et operatur per suam providentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 sicut et sibi. Unde et Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 <i>audendum est autem et hoc pro veritate dicere, quod et ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 omnium causa, per abundantiam amativae bonitatis, extra seipsum fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 ad omnia existentia providentiis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 "ref">[29301] Iª q. 20 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 dicendum quod, licet creaturae ab aeterno non fuerint nisi in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 tamen per hoc quod ab aeterno in Deo fuerunt, ab aeterno Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 cognovit res in propriis naturis, et eadem ratione amavit. Sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 nos per similitudines rerum, quae in nobis sunt, cognoscimus res in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 seipsis existentes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 "ref">[29302] Iª q. 20 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 dicendum quod amicitia non potest haberi nisi ad rationales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 creaturas, in quibus contingit esse redamationem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 communicationem in operibus vitae, et quibus contingit bene evenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 vel male, secundum fortunam et felicitatem, sicut et ad eas proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 benevolentia est. Creaturae autem irrationales non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 pertingere ad amandum Deum, neque ad communicationem intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 et beatae vitae, qua Deus vivit. Sic igitur Deus, proprie loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 non amat creaturas irrationales amore amicitiae, sed amore quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 concupiscentiae; inquantum ordinat eas ad rationales creaturas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 etiam ad seipsum; non quasi eis indigeat, sed propter suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 bonitatem et nostram utilitatem. Concupiscimus enim aliquid et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 nobis et aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 <p title="I q. 20 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 "ref">[29303] Iª q. 20 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 dicendum quod nihil prohibet unum et idem secundum aliquid amari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 et secundum aliquid odio haberi. Deus autem peccatores, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 sunt naturae quaedam, amat, sic enim et sunt, et ab ipso sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 Inquantum vero peccatores sunt, non sunt, sed ab esse deficiunt, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 hoc in eis a Deo non est. Unde secundum hoc ab ipso odio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 habentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 "ref">[29304] Iª q. 20 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus aequaliter diligat omnia. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 enim Sap. VI, <i>aequaliter est ei cura de omnibus</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 providentia Dei, quam habet de rebus, est ex amore quo amat res.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 Ergo aequaliter amat omnia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 "ref">[29305] Iª q. 20 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 Dei est eius essentia. Sed essentia Dei magis et minus non recipit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 Ergo nec amor eius. Non igitur quaedam aliis magis amat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 "ref">[29306] Iª q. 20 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 amor Dei se extendit ad res creatas, ita et scientia et voluntas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 Sed Deus non dicitur scire quaedam magis quam alia, neque magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 velle. Ergo nec magis quaedam aliis diligit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 "ref">[29307] Iª q. 20 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 quod dicit Augustinus, super Ioann., <i>omnia diligit Deus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 fecit; et inter ea magis diligit creaturas rationales; et de illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 eas amplius, quae sunt membra unigeniti sui; et multo magis ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 unigenitum suum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 co."><a name="29308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 "ref">[29308] Iª q. 20 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 quod, cum amare sit velle bonum alicui, duplici ratione potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 aliquid magis vel minus amari. Uno modo, ex parte ipsius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 voluntatis, qui est magis vel minus intensus. Et sic Deus non magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 quaedam aliis amat, quia omnia amat uno et simplici actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 voluntatis, et semper eodem modo se habente. Alio modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 ipsius boni quod aliquis vult amato. Et sic dicimur aliquem magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 alio amare, cui volumus maius bonum; quamvis non magis intensa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 voluntate. Et hoc modo necesse est dicere quod Deus quaedam aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 magis amat. Cum enim amor Dei sit causa bonitatis rerum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 est, non esset aliquid alio melius, si Deus non vellet uni maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 bonum quam alteri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 "ref">[29309] Iª q. 20 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 dicendum quod dicitur Deo aequaliter esse cura de omnibus, non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 aequalia bona sua cura omnibus dispenset; sed quia ex aequali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 sapientia et bonitate omnia administrat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 "ref">[29310] Iª q. 20 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de intensione amoris ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 actus voluntatis, qui est divina essentia. Bonum autem quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 creaturae vult, non est divina essentia. Unde nihil prohibet illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 intendi vel remitti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 <p title="I q. 20 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 "ref">[29311] Iª q. 20 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 dicendum quod intelligere et velle significant solum actus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 autem in sua significatione includunt aliqua obiecta, ex quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 diversitate possit dici Deus magis vel minus scire aut velle; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 circa amorem dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 "ref">[29312] Iª q. 20 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non semper magis diligat meliora.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 Manifestum est enim quod Christus est melior toto genere humano,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 cum sit Deus et homo. Sed Deus magis dilexit genus humanum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 Christum, quia dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>proprio filio suo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 pepercit, sed pro nobis omnibus tradidit illum</i>. Ergo Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 semper magis diligit meliora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 "ref">[29313] Iª q. 20 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 Angelus est melior homine, unde in Psalmo VIII dicitur de homine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 <i>minuisti eum paulo minus ab Angelis</i>. Sed Deus plus dilexit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 hominem quam Angelum, dicitur enim Hebr. II, <i>nusquam Angelos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 apprehendit, sed semen Abrahae apprehendit</i>. Ergo Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 semper magis diligit meliora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 "ref">[29314] Iª q. 20 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 Petrus fuit melior Ioanne, quia plus Christum diligebat. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 dominus, sciens hoc esse verum, interrogavit Petrum, dicens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 <i>Simon Ioannis, diligis me plus his?</i> Sed tamen Christus plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 dilexit Ioannem quam Petrum, ut enim dicit Augustinus, super illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 Ioan. XXI, <i>Simon Ioannis diligis me? Hoc ipso signo Ioannes a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 ceteris discipulis discernitur; non quod solum eum, sed quod plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 eum ceteris diligebat</i>. Non ergo semper magis diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 meliora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 "ref">[29315] Iª q. 20 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 melior est innocens poenitente; <i>cum poenitentia sit secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 tabula post naufragium</i>, ut dicit Hieronymus. Sed Deus plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 diligit poenitentem quam innocentem, quia plus de eo gaudet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 dicitur enim Luc. XV, <i>dico vobis quod maius gaudium erit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 caelo super uno peccatore poenitentiam agente, quam super nonaginta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 novem iustis, qui non indigent poenitentia</i>. Ergo Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 semper magis diligit meliora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="29316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 "ref">[29316] Iª q. 20 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 melior est iustus praescitus, quam peccator praedestinatus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 Deus plus diligit peccatorem praedestinatum, quia vult ei maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 bonum, scilicet vitam aeternam. Ergo Deus non semper magis diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 meliora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 "ref">[29317] Iª q. 20 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 unumquodque diligit sibi simile; ut patet per illud quod habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 Eccli. XIII, <i>omne animal diligit sibi simile</i>. Sed intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 aliquid est melius, inquantum est Deo similius. Ergo meliora magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 diliguntur a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 co."><a name="29318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 "ref">[29318] Iª q. 20 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 quod necesse est dicere, secundum praedicta, quod Deus magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 diligat meliora. Dictum est enim quod Deum diligere magis aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 nihil aliud est quam ei maius bonum velle, voluntas enim Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 causa bonitatis in rebus. Et sic, ex hoc sunt aliqua meliora, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 Deus eis maius bonum vult. Unde sequitur quod meliora plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 amet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 "ref">[29319] Iª q. 20 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 dicendum quod Deus Christum diligit, non solum plus quam totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 humanum genus, sed etiam magis quam totam universitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 creaturarum, quia scilicet ei maius bonum voluit, quia dedit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 nomen, quod est super omne nomen, ut verus Deus esset. Nec eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 excellentiae deperiit ex hoc quod Deus dedit eum in mortem pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 salute humani generis, quinimo ex hoc factus est victor gloriosus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 <i>factus enim est principatus super humerum eius</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 Isaiae IX.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 "ref">[29320] Iª q. 20 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 dicendum quod naturam humanam assumptam a Dei verbo in persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 Christi, secundum praedicta, Deus plus amat quam omnes Angelos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 melior est, maxime ratione unionis. Sed loquendo de humana natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 communiter, eam angelicae comparando, secundum ordinem ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 et gloriam, aequalitas invenitur; cum eadem sit mensura hominis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 Angeli, ut dicitur Apoc. XXI; ita tamen quod quidam Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 quibusdam hominibus, et quidam homines quibusdam Angelis, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 ad hoc, potiores inveniuntur. Sed quantum ad conditionem naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 Angelus est melior homine. Nec ideo naturam humanam assumpsit Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 quia hominem absolute plus diligeret, sed quia plus indigebat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 Sicut bonus paterfamilias aliquid pretiosius dat servo aegrotanti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 quod non dat filio sano.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 "ref">[29321] Iª q. 20 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 dicendum quod haec dubitatio de Petro et Ioanne multipliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 solvitur. Augustinus namque refert hoc ad mysterium, dicens quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 vita activa, quae significatur per Petrum, plus diligit Deum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 vita contemplativa, quae significatur per Ioannem, quia magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 sentit praesentis vitae angustias, et aestuantius ab eis liberari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 desiderat, et ad Deum ire. Contemplativam vero vitam Deus plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 diligit, quia magis eam conservat; non enim finitur simul cum vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 corporis, sicut vita activa. Quidam vero dicunt quod Petrus plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 dilexit Christum in membris; et sic etiam a Christo plus fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 dilectus; unde ei Ecclesiam commendavit. Ioannes vero plus dilexit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 Christum in seipso; et sic etiam plus ab eo fuit dilectus; unde ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 commendavit matrem. Alii vero dicunt quod incertum est quis horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 plus Christum dilexerit amore caritatis, et similiter quem Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 plus dilexerit in ordine ad maiorem gloriam vitae aeternae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 Petrus dicitur plus dilexisse, quantum ad quandam promptitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 vel fervorem, Ioannes vero plus dilectus, quantum ad quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 familiaritatis indicia, quae Christus ei magis demonstrabat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 propter eius iuventutem et puritatem. Alii vero dicunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 Christus plus dilexit Petrum, quantum ad excellentius donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 caritatis, Ioannem vero plus, quantum ad donum intellectus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 simpliciter Petrus fuit melior, et magis dilectus, sed Ioannes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 secundum quid. Praesumptuosum tamen videtur hoc diiudicare, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 ut dicitur Prov. XVI, <i>spirituum ponderator est dominus</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 non alius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 "ref">[29322] Iª q. 20 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 dicendum quod poenitentes et innocentes se habent sicut excedentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 et excessa. Nam sive sint innocentes, sive poenitentes, illi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 meliores et magis dilecti, qui plus habent de gratia. Ceteris tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 paribus, innocentia dignior est et magis dilecta. Dicitur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 Deus plus gaudere de poenitente quam de innocente, quia plerumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 poenitentes cautiores, humiliores et ferventiores resurgunt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 Gregorius dicit ibidem, quod <i>dux in praelio eum militem plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 diligit, qui post fugam conversus, fortiter hostem premit, quam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 nunquam fugit, nec unquam fortiter fecit</i>. Vel, alia ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 quia aequale donum gratiae plus est, comparatum poenitenti, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 meruit poenam, quam innocenti, qui non meruit. Sicut centum marcae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 maius donum est, si dentur pauperi, quam si dentur regi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 <p title="I q. 20 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="29323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 "ref">[29323] Iª q. 20 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 dicendum quod, cum voluntas Dei sit causa bonitatis in rebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 secundum illud tempus pensanda est bonitas eius qui amatur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 secundum quod dandum est ei ex bonitate divina aliquod bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 Secundum ergo illud tempus quo praedestinato peccatori dandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 ex divina voluntate maius bonum, melior est; licet secundum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 aliud tempus, sit peior; quia et secundum aliquod tempus, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 nec bonus neque malus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 <div class="D">Quaestio 21</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 <p title="I q. 21 pr."><a name="29324"><span class="ref">[29324]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 Iª q. 21 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem divini amoris, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 iustitia et misericordia eius agendum est. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 quatuor. Primo, utrum in Deo sit iustitia. Secundo, utrum iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 eius veritas dici possit. Tertio, utrum in Deo sit misericordia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 Quarto, utrum in omni opere Dei sit iustitia et misericordia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 "ref">[29325] Iª q. 21 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sit iustitia. Iustitia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 contra temperantiam dividitur. Temperantia autem non est in Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 Ergo nec iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 "ref">[29326] Iª q. 21 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 quicumque facit omnia pro libito suae voluntatis, non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 iustitiam operatur. Sed, sicut dicit apostolus, ad Ephes. I, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 <i>operatur omnia secundum consilium suae voluntatis</i>. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 ei iustitia debet attribui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 "ref">[29327] Iª q. 21 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 iustitiae est reddere debitum. Sed Deus nulli est debitor. Ergo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 non competit iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 "ref">[29328] Iª q. 21 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 quidquid est in Deo, est eius essentia. Sed hoc non competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 iustitiae, dicit enim Boetius, in libro de Hebdomad., quod <i>bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 essentiam, iustum vero actum respicit</i>. Ergo iustitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 competit Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 "ref">[29329] Iª q. 21 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 quod dicitur in Psalmo X, <i>iustus dominus, et iustitias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 dilexit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 co."><a name="29330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 "ref">[29330] Iª q. 21 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 quod duplex est species iustitiae. Una, quae consistit in mutua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 datione et acceptione, ut puta quae consistit in emptione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 venditione, et aliis huiusmodi communicationibus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 commutationibus. Et haec dicitur a philosopho, in V Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 iustitia commutativa, vel directiva commutationum sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 communicationum. Et haec non competit Deo, quia, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 apostolus, Rom. XI, <i>quis prior dedit illi, et retribuetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 ei?</i> Alia, quae consistit in distribuendo, et dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 distributiva iustitia, secundum quam aliquis gubernator vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 dispensator dat unicuique secundum suam dignitatem. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 ordo congruus familiae, vel cuiuscumque multitudinis gubernatae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 demonstrat huiusmodi iustitiam in gubernante; ita ordo universi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 qui apparet tam in rebus naturalibus quam in rebus voluntariis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 demonstrat Dei iustitiam. Unde dicit Dionysius, VIII cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 Nom., <i>oportet videre in hoc veram Dei esse iustitiam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 omnibus tribuit propria, secundum uniuscuiusque existentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 dignitatem; et uniuscuiusque naturam in proprio salvat ordine et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 virtute</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 "ref">[29331] Iª q. 21 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 dicendum quod virtutum moralium quaedam sunt circa passiones; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 temperantia circa concupiscentias, fortitudo circa timores et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 audacias, mansuetudo circa iram. Et huiusmodi virtutes Deo attribui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 non possunt, nisi secundum metaphoram, quia in Deo neque passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 sunt, ut supra dictum est; neque appetitus sensitivus, in quo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 huiusmodi virtutes sicut in subiecto, ut dicit philosophus in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 Ethic. Quaedam vero virtutes morales sunt circa operationes; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 puta circa dationes et sumptus, ut iustitia et liberalitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 magnificentia; quae etiam non sunt in parte sensitiva, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 voluntate. Unde nihil prohibet huiusmodi virtutes in Deo ponere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 non tamen circa actiones civiles sed circa actiones Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 convenientes. Ridiculum est enim secundum virtutes politicas Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 laudare, ut dicit philosophus in X Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 "ref">[29332] Iª q. 21 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 dicendum quod, cum bonum intellectum sit obiectum voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 impossibile est Deum velle nisi quod ratio suae sapientiae habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 Quae quidem est sicut lex iustitiae, secundum quam eius voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 recta et iusta est. Unde quod secundum suam voluntatem facit, iuste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 facit, sicut et nos quod secundum legem facimus, iuste facimus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 nos quidem secundum legem alicuius superioris, Deus autem sibi ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 est lex.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 "ref">[29333] Iª q. 21 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 dicendum quod unicuique debetur quod suum est. Dicitur autem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 suum alicuius, quod ad ipsum ordinatur; sicut servus est domini, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 non e converso; nam liberum est quod sui causa est. In nomine ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 debiti, importatur quidam ordo exigentiae vel necessitatis alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 ad quod ordinatur. Est autem duplex ordo considerandus in rebus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 Unus, quo aliquid creatum ordinatur ad aliud creatum, sicut partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 ordinantur ad totum, et accidentia ad substantias, et unaquaeque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 res ad suum finem. Alius ordo, quo omnia creata ordinantur in Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 Sic igitur et debitum attendi potest dupliciter in operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 divina, aut secundum quod aliquid debetur Deo; aut secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 aliquid debetur rei creatae. Et utroque modo Deus debitum reddit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 Debitum enim est Deo, ut impleatur in rebus id quod eius sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 et voluntas habet, et quod suam bonitatem manifestat, et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 hoc iustitia Dei respicit decentiam ipsius, secundum quam reddit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 sibi quod sibi debetur. Debitum etiam est alicui rei creatae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 habeat id quod ad ipsam ordinatur, sicut homini, quod habeat manus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 et quod ei alia animalia serviant. Et sic etiam Deus operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 iustitiam, quando dat unicuique quod ei debetur secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 suae naturae et conditionis. Sed hoc debitum dependet ex primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 quia hoc unicuique debetur, quod est ordinatum ad ipsum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 ordinem divinae sapientiae. Et licet Deus hoc modo debitum alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 det, non tamen ipse est debitor, quia ipse ad alia non ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 sed potius alia in ipsum. Et ideo iustitia quandoque dicitur in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 condecentia suae bonitatis; quandoque vero retributio pro meritis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 Et utrumque modum tangit Anselmus, dicens, <i>cum punis malos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 iustum est, quia illorum meritis convenit; cum vero parcis malis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 iustum est, quia bonitati tuae condecens est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 <p title="I q. 21 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 "ref">[29334] Iª q. 21 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 dicendum quod, licet iustitia respiciat actum, non tamen per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 excluditur quin sit essentia Dei, quia etiam id quod est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 essentia rei, potest esse principium actionis. Sed bonum non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 respicit actum, quia aliquid dicitur esse bonum, non solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 quod agit, sed etiam secundum quod in sua essentia perfectum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 Et propter hoc ibidem dicitur quod bonum comparatur ad iustum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 sicut generale ad speciale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 <p title="I q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 "ref">[29335] Iª q. 21 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia Dei non sit veritas. Iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 enim est in voluntate, est enim rectitudo voluntatis, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 Anselmus. Veritas autem est in intellectu, secundum philosophum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 VI Metaphys. et in VI Ethic. Ergo iustitia non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 veritatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 <p title="I q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 "ref">[29336] Iª q. 21 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 veritas, secundum philosophum in IV Ethic., est quaedam alia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 a iustitia. Non ergo veritas pertinet ad rationem iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 <p title="I q. 21 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 "ref">[29337] Iª q. 21 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 quod in Psalmo LXXXIV dicitur, <i>misericordia et veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 obviaverunt sibi</i>; et ponitur ibi veritas pro iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 <p title="I q. 21 a. 2 co."><a name="29338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 "ref">[29338] Iª q. 21 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 quod veritas consistit in adaequatione intellectus et rei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 supra dictum est. Intellectus autem qui est causa rei, comparatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 ad ipsam sicut regula et mensura, e converso autem est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 intellectu qui accipit scientiam a rebus. Quando igitur res sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 mensura et regula intellectus, veritas consistit in hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 intellectus adaequatur rei, ut in nobis accidit, ex eo enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 res est vel non est, opinio nostra et oratio vera vel falsa est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 Sed quando intellectus est regula vel mensura rerum, veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 consistit in hoc, quod res adaequantur intellectui, sicut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 artifex facere verum opus, quando concordat arti. Sicut autem se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 habent artificiata ad artem, ita se habent opera iusta ad legem cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 concordant. Iustitia igitur Dei, quae constituit ordinem in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 conformem rationi sapientiae suae, quae est lex eius, convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 veritas nominatur. Et sic etiam dicitur in nobis veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 iustitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 <p title="I q. 21 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 "ref">[29339] Iª q. 21 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 dicendum quod iustitia, quantum ad legem regulantem, est in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 vel intellectu, sed quantum ad imperium, quo opera regulantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 secundum legem, est in voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 <p title="I q. 21 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 "ref">[29340] Iª q. 21 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 dicendum quod veritas illa de qua loquitur philosophus ibi, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 quaedam virtus per quam aliquis demonstrat se talem in dictis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 factis, qualis est. Et sic consistit in conformitate signi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 significatum, non autem in conformitate effectus ad causam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 regulam, sicut de veritate iustitiae dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 <p title="I q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 "ref">[29341] Iª q. 21 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 proceditur. Videtur quod misericordia Deo non competat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 Misericordia enim est species tristitiae, ut dicit Damascenus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 tristitia non est in Deo. Ergo nec misericordia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 <p title="I q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 "ref">[29342] Iª q. 21 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 misericordia est relaxatio iustitiae. Sed Deus non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 praetermittere id quod ad iustitiam suam pertinet. Dicitur enim II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 ad Tim. II, <i>si non credimus, ille fidelis permanet, seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 negare non potest</i>, negaret autem seipsum, ut dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 ibidem, si dicta sua negaret. Ergo misericordia Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 competit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 <p title="I q. 21 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 "ref">[29343] Iª q. 21 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 quod dicitur in Psalmo CX, <i>miserator et misericors
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 dominus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 <p title="I q. 21 a. 3 co."><a name="29344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 "ref">[29344] Iª q. 21 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 quod misericordia est Deo maxime attribuenda, tamen secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 effectum, non secundum passionis affectum. Ad cuius evidentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 considerandum est quod misericors dicitur aliquis quasi habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 miserum cor, quia scilicet afficitur ex miseria alterius per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 tristitiam, ac si esset eius propria miseria. Et ex hoc sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 quod operetur ad depellendam miseriam alterius, sicut miseriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 propriam, et hic est misericordiae effectus. Tristari ergo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 miseria alterius non competit Deo, sed repellere miseriam alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 hoc maxime ei competit, ut per miseriam quemcumque defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 intelligamus. Defectus autem non tolluntur, nisi per alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 bonitatis perfectionem, prima autem origo bonitatis Deus est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 supra ostensum est. Sed considerandum est quod elargiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 perfectiones rebus, pertinet quidem et ad bonitatem divinam, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 iustitiam, et ad liberalitatem, et misericordiam, tamen secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 aliam et aliam rationem. Communicatio enim perfectionum, absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 considerata, pertinet ad bonitatem, ut supra ostensum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 inquantum perfectiones rebus a Deo dantur secundum earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 proportionem, pertinet ad iustitiam, ut dictum est supra. Inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 vero non attribuit rebus perfectiones propter utilitatem suam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 solum propter suam bonitatem, pertinet ad liberalitatem. Inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 vero perfectiones datae rebus a Deo, omnem defectum expellunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 pertinet ad misericordiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 <p title="I q. 21 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 "ref">[29345] Iª q. 21 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de misericordia, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 passionis affectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 <p title="I q. 21 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 "ref">[29346] Iª q. 21 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 dicendum quod Deus misericorditer agit, non quidem contra iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 suam faciendo, sed aliquid supra iustitiam operando, sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 alicui cui debentur centum denarii, aliquis ducentos det de suo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 tamen non contra iustitiam facit, sed liberaliter vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 misericorditer operatur. Et similiter si aliquis offensam in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 commissam remittat. Qui enim aliquid remittit, quodammodo donat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 illud, unde apostolus remissionem donationem vocat, Ephes. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 <i>donate invicem, sicut et Christus vobis donavit</i>. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 patet quod misericordia non tollit iustitiam, sed est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 iustitiae plenitudo. Unde dicitur Iac. II, quod <i>misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 superexaltat iudicium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 "ref">[29347] Iª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 proceditur. Videtur quod non in omnibus Dei operibus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 misericordia et iustitia. Quaedam enim opera Dei attribuuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 misericordiae, ut iustificatio impii, quaedam vero iustitiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 damnatio impiorum. Unde dicitur Iac. II, <i>iudicium sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 misericordia fiet ei qui non fecerit misericordiam</i>. Non ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 omni opere Dei apparet misericordia et iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 "ref">[29348] Iª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 apostolus, ad Rom. XV, conversionem Iudaeorum attribuit iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 et veritati; conversionem autem gentium, misericordiae. Ergo non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 quolibet opere Dei est iustitia et misericordia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 "ref">[29349] Iª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 iusti in hoc mundo affliguntur. Hoc autem est iniustum. Non ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 omni opere Dei est iustitia et misericordia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 "ref">[29350] Iª q. 21 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 iustitiae est reddere debitum, misericordiae autem sublevare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 miseriam, et sic tam iustitia quam misericordia aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 praesupponit in suo opere. Sed creatio nihil praesupponit. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 creatione neque misericordia est, neque iustitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 "ref">[29351] Iª q. 21 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 quod dicitur in Psalmo XXIV, <i>omnes viae domini misericordia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 veritas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 co."><a name="29352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 "ref">[29352] Iª q. 21 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 quod necesse est quod in quolibet opere Dei misericordia et veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 inveniantur; si tamen misericordia pro remotione cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 defectus accipiatur; quamvis non omnis defectus proprie possit dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 miseria, sed solum defectus rationalis naturae, quam contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 felicem; nam miseria felicitati opponitur. Huius autem necessitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 ratio est, quia, cum debitum quod ex divina iustitia redditur, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 vel debitum Deo, vel debitum alicui creaturae, neutrum potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 aliquo opere Dei praetermitti. Non enim potest facere aliquid Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 quod non sit conveniens sapientiae et bonitati ipsius; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 quem modum diximus aliquid esse debitum Deo. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 quidquid in rebus creatis facit, secundum convenientem ordinem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 proportionem facit; in quo consistit ratio iustitiae. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 oportet in omni opere Dei esse iustitiam. Opus autem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 iustitiae semper praesupponit opus misericordiae, et in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 fundatur. Creaturae enim non debetur aliquid, nisi propter aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 in eo praeexistens, vel praeconsideratum, et rursus, si illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 creaturae debetur, hoc erit propter aliquid prius. Et cum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 procedere in infinitum, oportet devenire ad aliquid quod ex sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 bonitate divinae voluntatis dependeat, quae est ultimus finis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 Utpote si dicamus quod habere manus debitum est homini propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 animam rationalem; animam vero rationalem habere, ad hoc quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 homo; hominem vero esse, propter divinam bonitatem. Et sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 quolibet opere Dei apparet misericordia, quantum ad primam radicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 eius. Cuius virtus salvatur in omnibus consequentibus; et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 vehementius in eis operatur, sicut causa primaria vehementius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 influit quam causa secunda. Et propter hoc etiam ea quae alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 creaturae debentur, Deus, ex abundantia suae bonitatis, largius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 dispensat quam exigat proportio rei. Minus enim est quod sufficeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 ad conservandum ordinem iustitiae, quam quod divina bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 confert, quae omnem proportionem creaturae excedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 "ref">[29353] Iª q. 21 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 dicendum quod quaedam opera attribuuntur iustitiae et quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 misericordiae, quia in quibusdam vehementius apparet iustitia, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 quibusdam misericordia. Et tamen in damnatione reproborum apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 misericordia, non quidem totaliter relaxans, sed aliqualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 allevians, dum punit citra condignum. Et in iustificatione impii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 apparet iustitia, dum culpas relaxat propter dilectionem, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 tamen ipse misericorditer infundit, sicut de Magdalena legitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 Luc. VII, <i>dimissa sunt ei peccata multa, quoniam dilexit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 multum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 "ref">[29354] Iª q. 21 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 dicendum quod iustitia et misericordia Dei apparet in conversione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 Iudaeorum et gentium, sed aliqua ratio iustitiae apparet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 conversione Iudaeorum, quae non apparet in conversione gentium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 sicut quod salvati sunt propter promissiones patribus factas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 "ref">[29355] Iª q. 21 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 dicendum quod in hoc etiam quod iusti puniuntur in hoc mundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 apparet iustitia et misericordia; inquantum per huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 afflictiones aliqua levia in eis purgantur, et ab affectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 terrenorum in Deum magis eriguntur; secundum illud Gregorii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 <i>mala quae in hoc mundo nos premunt, ad Deum nos ire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 compellunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 <p title="I q. 21 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 "ref">[29356] Iª q. 21 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 dicendum quod, licet creationi non praesupponatur aliquid in rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 natura, praesupponitur tamen aliquid in Dei cognitione. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 hoc etiam salvatur ibi ratio iustitiae, inquantum res in esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 producitur, secundum quod convenit divinae sapientiae et bonitati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 Et salvatur quodammodo ratio misericordiae, inquantum res de non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 esse in esse mutatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 <div class="D">Quaestio 22</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 <p title="I q. 22 pr."><a name="29357"><span class="ref">[29357]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 Iª q. 22 pr.</span></a> Consideratis autem his quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 voluntatem absolute pertinent, procedendum est ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 respiciunt simul intellectum et voluntatem. Huiusmodi autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 providentia quidem respectu omnium; praedestinatio vero et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 reprobatio, et quae ad haec consequuntur, respectu hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 specialiter, in ordine ad aeternam salutem. Nam et post morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 virtutes, in scientia morali, consideratur de prudentia, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 providentia pertinere videtur. Circa providentiam autem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum Deo conveniat providentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 Secundo, utrum omnia divinae providentiae subsint. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 divina providentia immediate sit de omnibus. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 providentia divina imponat necessitatem rebus provisis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 "ref">[29358] Iª q. 22 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 proceditur. Videtur quod providentia Deo non conveniat. Providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 enim, secundum Tullium, est pars prudentiae. Prudentia autem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 sit bene consiliativa, secundum philosophum in VI Ethic., Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 competere non potest, qui nullum dubium habet, unde eum consiliari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 oporteat. Ergo providentia Deo non competit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 "ref">[29359] Iª q. 22 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 quidquid est in Deo, est aeternum. Sed providentia non est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 aeternum, est enim circa existentia, quae non sunt aeterna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 secundum Damascenum. Ergo providentia non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 "ref">[29360] Iª q. 22 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 nullum compositum est in Deo. Sed providentia videtur esse aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 compositum, quia includit in se voluntatem et intellectum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 providentia non est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 "ref">[29361] Iª q. 22 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 quod dicitur Sap. XIV, <i>tu autem, pater, gubernas omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 providentia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 co."><a name="29362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 "ref">[29362] Iª q. 22 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 quod necesse est ponere providentiam in Deo. Omne enim bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 est in rebus, a Deo creatum est, ut supra ostensum est. In rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 autem invenitur bonum, non solum quantum ad substantiam rerum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 etiam quantum ad ordinem earum in finem, et praecipue in finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 ultimum, qui est bonitas divina, ut supra habitum est. Hoc igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 bonum ordinis in rebus creatis existens, a Deo creatum est. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 autem Deus sit causa rerum per suum intellectum, et sic cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 sui effectus oportet rationem in ipso praeexistere, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 superioribus patet; necesse est quod ratio ordinis rerum in finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 in mente divina praeexistat. Ratio autem ordinandorum in finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 proprie providentia est. Est enim principalis pars prudentiae, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 quam aliae duae partes ordinantur, scilicet memoria praeteritorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 et intelligentia praesentium; prout ex praeteritis memoratis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 praesentibus intellectis, coniectamus de futuris providendis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 Prudentiae autem proprium est, secundum philosophum in VI Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 ordinare alia in finem; sive respectu sui ipsius, sicut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 homo prudens, qui bene ordinat actus suos ad finem vitae suae; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 respectu aliorum sibi subiectorum in familia vel civitate vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 regno, secundum quem modum dicitur Matt. XXIV, <i>fidelis servus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 prudens, quem constituit dominus super familiam suam</i>. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 quem modum prudentia vel providentia Deo convenire potest, nam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 ipso Deo nihil est in finem ordinabile, cum ipse sit finis ultimus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 Ipsa igitur ratio ordinis rerum in finem, providentia in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 nominatur. Unde Boetius, IV de Consol., dicit quod <i>providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 est ipsa divina ratio in summo omnium principe constituta, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 cuncta disponit</i>. Dispositio autem potest dici tam ratio ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 rerum in finem, quam ratio ordinis partium in toto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 "ref">[29363] Iª q. 22 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum in VI Ethic., prudentia proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 est praeceptiva eorum, de quibus eubulia recte consiliatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 synesis recte iudicat. Unde, licet consiliari non competat Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 secundum quod consilium est inquisitio de rebus dubiis; tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 praecipere de ordinandis in finem, quorum rectam rationem habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 competit Deo, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>praeceptum posuit, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 praeteribit</i>. Et secundum hoc competit Deo ratio prudentiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 providentiae. Quamvis etiam dici possit, quod ipsa ratio rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 agendarum consilium in Deo dicitur; non propter inquisitionem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 propter certitudinem cognitionis, ad quam consiliantes inquirendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 perveniunt. Unde dicitur Ephes. I, <i>qui operatur omnia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 consilium voluntatis suae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 "ref">[29364] Iª q. 22 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 dicendum quod ad curam duo pertinent, scilicet ratio ordinis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 dicitur providentia et dispositio; et executio ordinis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 dicitur gubernatio. Quorum primum est aeternum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 temporale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 <p title="I q. 22 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 "ref">[29365] Iª q. 22 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 dicendum quod providentia est in intellectu, sed praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 voluntatem finis, nullus enim praecipit de agendis propter finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 nisi velit finem. Unde et prudentia praesupponit virtutes morales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 per quas appetitus se habet ad bonum, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 tamen si providentia ex aequali respiceret voluntatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 intellectum divinum, hoc esset absque detrimento divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 simplicitatis; cum voluntas et intellectus in Deo sint idem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 "ref">[29366] Iª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 proceditur. Videtur quod non omnia sint subiecta divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 providentiae. Nullum enim provisum est fortuitum. Si ergo omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 sunt provisa a Deo, nihil erit fortuitum, et sic perit casus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 fortuna. Quod est contra communem opinionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 "ref">[29367] Iª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 sapiens provisor excludit defectum et malum, quantum potest, ab his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 quorum curam gerit. Videmus autem multa mala in rebus esse. Aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 igitur Deus non potest ea impedire, et sic non est omnipotens, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 non de omnibus curam habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 "ref">[29368] Iª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 ex necessitate eveniunt, providentiam seu prudentiam non requirunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 unde, secundum philosophum in VI Ethic., prudentia est recta ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 contingentium, de quibus est consilium et electio. Cum igitur multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 in rebus ex necessitate eveniant, non omnia providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 subduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 "ref">[29369] Iª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 quicumque dimittitur sibi, non subest providentiae alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 gubernantis. Sed homines sibi ipsis dimittuntur a Deo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 illud Eccli. XV, <i>Deus ab initio constituit hominem, et reliquit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 eum in manu consilii sui</i>; et specialiter mali, secundum illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 <i>dimisit illos secundum desideria cordis eorum</i>. Non igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 omnia divinae providentiae subsunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="29370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 "ref">[29370] Iª q. 22 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 apostolus, I Cor. IX, dicit quod <i>non est Deo cura de bobus</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 et eadem ratione, de aliis creaturis irrationalibus. Non igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 omnia subsunt divinae providentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 "ref">[29371] Iª q. 22 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 quod dicitur Sap. VIII, de divina sapientia, quod <i>attingit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 fine usque ad finem fortiter, et disponit omnia suaviter</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 co."><a name="29372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 "ref">[29372] Iª q. 22 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 quod quidam totaliter providentiam negaverunt, sicut Democritus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 Epicurei, ponentes mundum factum esse casu. Quidam vero posuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 incorruptibilia tantum providentiae subiacere; corruptibilia vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 non secundum individua, sed secundum species; sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 incorruptibilia sunt. Ex quorum persona dicitur Iob XXII, <i>nubes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 latibulum eius, et circa cardines caeli perambulat, neque nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 considerat</i>. A corruptibilium autem generalitate excepit Rabbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 Moyses homines, propter splendorem intellectus, quem participant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 in aliis autem individuis corruptibilibus, aliorum opinionem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 secutus. Sed necesse est dicere omnia divinae providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 subiacere, non in universali tantum, sed etiam in singulari. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 sic patet. Cum enim omne agens agat propter finem, tantum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 extendit ordinatio effectuum in finem, quantum se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 causalitas primi agentis. Ex hoc enim contingit in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 alicuius agentis aliquid provenire non ad finem ordinatum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 effectus ille consequitur ex aliqua alia causa, praeter intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 agentis. Causalitas autem Dei, qui est primum agens, se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 usque ad omnia entia, non solum quantum ad principia speciei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 etiam quantum ad individualia principia, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 incorruptibilium, sed etiam corruptibilium. Unde necesse est omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 quae habent quocumque modo esse, ordinata esse a Deo in finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 secundum illud apostoli, ad Rom. XIII, <i>quae a Deo sunt, ordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 sunt</i>. Cum ergo nihil aliud sit Dei providentia quam ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 ordinis rerum in finem, ut dictum est, necesse est omnia, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 participant esse, intantum subdi divinae providentiae. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 etiam supra ostensum est quod Deus omnia cognoscit, et universalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 et particularia. Et cum cognitio eius comparetur ad res sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 cognitio artis ad artificiata, ut supra dictum est, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 quod omnia supponantur suo ordini, sicut omnia artificiata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 subduntur ordini artis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 "ref">[29373] Iª q. 22 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 dicendum quod aliter est de causa universali, et de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 particulari. Ordinem enim causae particularis aliquid potest exire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 non autem ordinem causae universalis. Non enim subducitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 ab ordine causae particularis, nisi per aliquam aliam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 particularem impedientem, sicut lignum impeditur a combustione per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 actionem aquae. Unde, cum omnes causae particulares concludantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 sub universali causa, impossibile est aliquem effectum ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 causae universalis effugere. Inquantum igitur aliquis effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 ordinem alicuius causae particularis effugit, dicitur esse casuale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 vel fortuitum, respectu causae particularis, sed respectu causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 universalis, a cuius ordine subtrahi non potest, dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 provisum. Sicut et concursus duorum servorum, licet sit casualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 quantum ad eos, est tamen provisus a domino, qui eos scienter sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 ad unum locum mittit, ut unus de alio nesciat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 "ref">[29374] Iª q. 22 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 dicendum quod aliter de eo est qui habet curam alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 particularis, et de provisore universali. Quia provisor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 particularis excludit defectum ab eo quod eius curae subditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 quantum potest, sed provisor universalis permittit aliquem defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 in aliquo particulari accidere, ne impediatur bonum totius. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 corruptiones et defectus in rebus naturalibus, dicuntur esse contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 naturam particularem; sed tamen sunt de intentione naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 universalis, inquantum defectus unius cedit in bonum alterius, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 etiam totius universi; nam corruptio unius est generatio alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 per quam species conservatur. Cum igitur Deus sit universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 provisor totius entis, ad ipsius providentiam pertinet ut permittat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 quosdam defectus esse in aliquibus particularibus rebus, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 impediatur bonum universi perfectum. Si enim omnia mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 impedirentur, multa bona deessent universo, non enim esset vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 leonis, si non esset occisio animalium; nec esset patientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 martyrum, si non esset persecutio tyrannorum. Unde dicit Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 in Enchirid. <i>Deus omnipotens nullo modo sineret malum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 esse in operibus suis, nisi usque adeo esset omnipotens et bonus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 ut bene faceret etiam de malo</i>. Ex his autem duabus rationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 quas nunc solvimus, videntur moti fuisse, qui divinae providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 subtraxerunt corruptibilia, in quibus inveniuntur casualia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 "ref">[29375] Iª q. 22 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 dicendum quod homo non est institutor naturae, sed utitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 operibus artis et virtutis, ad suum usum, rebus naturalibus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 providentia humana non se extendit ad necessaria, quae ex natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 proveniunt. Ad quae tamen se extendit providentia Dei, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 auctor naturae. Et ex hac ratione videntur moti fuisse, qui cursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 rerum naturalium subtraxerunt divinae providentiae, attribuentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 ipsum necessitati materiae; ut Democritus, et alii naturales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 antiqui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 "ref">[29376] Iª q. 22 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 dicendum quod in hoc quod dicitur Deum hominem sibi reliquisse, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 excluditur homo a divina providentia, sed ostenditur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 praefigitur ei virtus operativa determinata ad unum, sicut rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 naturalibus; quae aguntur tantum, quasi ab altero directae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 finem, non autem seipsa agunt, quasi se dirigentia in finem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 creaturae rationales per liberum arbitrium, quo consiliantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 eligunt. Unde signanter dicit, <i>in manu consilii sui</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 quia ipse actus liberi arbitrii reducitur in Deum sicut in causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 necesse est ut ea quae ex libero arbitrio fiunt, divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 providentiae subdantur, providentia enim hominis continetur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 providentia Dei, sicut causa particularis sub causa universali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 Hominum autem iustorum quodam excellentiori modo Deus habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 providentiam quam impiorum, inquantum non permittit contra eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 evenire aliquid, quod finaliter impediat salutem eorum, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 <i>diligentibus Deum omnia cooperantur in bonum</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 Rom. VIII. Sed ex hoc ipso quod impios non retrahit a malo culpae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 dicitur eos dimittere. Non tamen ita, quod totaliter ab eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 providentia excludantur, alioquin in nihilum deciderent, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 eius providentiam conservarentur. Et ex hac ratione videtur motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 fuisse Tullius, qui res humanas, de quibus consiliamur, divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 providentiae subtraxit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 <p title="I q. 22 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="29377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 "ref">[29377] Iª q. 22 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 dicendum quod, quia creatura rationalis habet per liberum arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 dominium sui actus, ut dictum est, speciali quodam modo subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 divinae providentiae; ut scilicet ei imputetur aliquid ad culpam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 vel ad meritum, et reddatur ei aliquid ut poena vel praemium. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 quantum ad hoc curam Dei apostolus a bobus removet. Non tamen ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 quod individua irrationalium creaturarum ad Dei providentiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 pertineant, ut Rabbi Moyses existimavit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 "ref">[29378] Iª q. 22 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non immediate omnibus provideat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 Quidquid enim est dignitatis, Deo est attribuendum. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 dignitatem alicuius regis pertinet, quod habeat ministros, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 mediantibus subditis provideat. Ergo multo magis Deus non immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 omnibus providet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 "ref">[29379] Iª q. 22 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 providentiam pertinet res in finem ordinare. Finis autem cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 rei est eius perfectio et bonum. Ad quamlibet autem causam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 effectum suum perducere ad bonum. Quaelibet igitur causa agens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 causa effectus providentiae. Si igitur Deus omnibus immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 providet, subtrahuntur omnes causae secundae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 "ref">[29380] Iª q. 22 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., quod <i>melius est quaedam nescire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 quam scire, ut vilia</i>, et idem dicit philosophus, in XII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 Metaphys. Sed omne quod est melius, Deo est attribuendum. Ergo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 non habet immediate providentiam quorundam vilium et malorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 "ref">[29381] Iª q. 22 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 quod dicitur Iob XXXIV, <i>quem constituit alium super terram? Aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 quem posuit super orbem quem fabricatus est?</i> Super quo dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 Gregorius, <i>mundum per seipsum regit, quem per seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 condidit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 co."><a name="29382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 "ref">[29382] Iª q. 22 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 quod ad providentiam duo pertinent, scilicet ratio ordinis rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 provisarum in finem; et executio huius ordinis, quae gubernatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 dicitur. Quantum igitur ad primum horum, Deus immediate omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 providet. Quia in suo intellectu habet rationem omnium, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 minimorum, et quascumque causas aliquibus effectibus praefecit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 dedit eis virtutem ad illos effectus producendos. Unde oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 ordinem illorum effectuum in sua ratione praehabuerit. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 autem ad secundum, sunt aliqua media divinae providentiae. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 inferiora gubernat per superiora; non propter defectum suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 virtutis, sed propter abundantiam suae bonitatis, ut dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 causalitatis etiam creaturis communicet. Et secundum hoc excluditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 opinio Platonis, quam narrat Gregorius Nyssenus, triplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 providentiam ponentis. Quarum prima est summi Dei, qui primo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 principaliter providet rebus spiritualibus; et consequenter toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 mundo, quantum ad genera, species et causas universales. Secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 vero providentia est, qua providetur singularibus generabilium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 corruptibilium, et hanc attribuit diis qui circumeunt caelos, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 substantiis separatis, quae movent corpora caelestia circulariter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 Tertia vero providentia est rerum humanarum, quam attribuebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 Daemonibus, quos Platonici ponebant medios inter nos et deos, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 narrat Augustinus IX de Civ. Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 "ref">[29383] Iª q. 22 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 dicendum quod habere ministros executores suae providentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 pertinet ad dignitatem regis, sed quod non habeat rationem eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 quae per eos agenda sunt, est ex defectu ipsius. Omnis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 scientia operativa tanto perfectior est, quanto magis particularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 considerat, in quibus est actus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 "ref">[29384] Iª q. 22 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 dicendum quod per hoc quod Deus habet immediate providentiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 rebus omnibus, non excluduntur causae secundae, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 executrices huius ordinis, ut ex supra dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 <p title="I q. 22 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 "ref">[29385] Iª q. 22 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 dicendum quod nobis melius est non cognoscere mala et vilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 inquantum per ea impedimur a consideratione meliorum, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 possumus simul multa intelligere, et inquantum cogitatio malorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 pervertit interdum voluntatem in malum. Sed hoc non habet locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 Deo, qui simul omnia uno intuitu videt, et cuius voluntas ad malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 flecti non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 "ref">[29386] Iª q. 22 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 proceditur. Videtur quod divina providentia necessitatem rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 provisis imponat. Omnis enim effectus qui habet aliquam causam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 se, quae iam est vel fuit, ad quam de necessitate sequitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 provenit ex necessitate, ut philosophus probat in VI Metaphys. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 providentia Dei, cum sit aeterna, praeexistit; et ad eam sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 effectus de necessitate; non enim potest divina providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 frustrari. Ergo providentia divina necessitatem rebus provisis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 imponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 "ref">[29387] Iª q. 22 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 unusquisque provisor stabilit opus suum quantum potest, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 deficiat. Sed Deus est summe potens. Ergo necessitatis firmitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 rebus a se provisis tribuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 "ref">[29388] Iª q. 22 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 Boetius dicit, IV de Consol., quod fatum, <i>ab immobilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 providentiae proficiscens exordiis, actus fortunasque hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 indissolubili causarum connexione constringit</i>. Videtur ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 quod providentia necessitatem rebus provisis imponat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 "ref">[29389] Iª q. 22 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 quod dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>corrumpere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 naturam non est providentiae</i>. Hoc autem habet quarundam rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 natura, quod sint contingentia. Non igitur divina providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 necessitatem rebus imponit, contingentiam excludens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 co."><a name="29390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 "ref">[29390] Iª q. 22 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 quod providentia divina quibusdam rebus necessitatem imponit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 autem omnibus, ut quidam crediderunt. Ad providentiam enim pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 ordinare res in finem. Post bonitatem autem divinam, quae est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 a rebus separatus, principale bonum in ipsis rebus existens, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 perfectio universi, quae quidem non esset, si non omnes gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 essendi invenirentur in rebus. Unde ad divinam providentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 pertinet omnes gradus entium producere. Et ideo quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 effectibus praeparavit causas necessarias, ut necessario evenirent;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 quibusdam vero causas contingentes, ut evenirent contingenter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 secundum conditionem proximarum causarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 "ref">[29391] Iª q. 22 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 dicendum quod effectus divinae providentiae non solum est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 evenire quocumque modo; sed aliquid evenire vel contingenter vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 necessario. Et ideo evenit infallibiliter et necessario, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 divina providentia disponit evenire infallibiliter et necessario,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 et evenit contingenter, quod divinae providentiae ratio habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 contingenter eveniat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 "ref">[29392] Iª q. 22 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 dicendum quod in hoc est immobilis et certus divinae providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 ordo, quod ea quae ab ipso providentur, cuncta eveniunt eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 ipse providet, sive necessario sive contingenter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 <p title="I q. 22 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 "ref">[29393] Iª q. 22 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 dicendum quod indissolubilitas illa et immutabilitas quam Boetius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 tangit, pertinet ad certitudinem providentiae, quae non deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 suo effectu, neque a modo eveniendi quem providit, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 pertinet ad necessitatem effectuum. Et considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 necessarium et contingens proprie consequuntur ens, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 huiusmodi. Unde modus contingentiae et necessitatis cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 provisione Dei, qui est universalis provisor totius entis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 autem sub provisione aliquorum particularium provisorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 <div class="D">Quaestio 23</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 <p title="I q. 23 pr."><a name="29394"><span class="ref">[29394]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 Iª q. 23 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 providentiae, agendum est de praedestinatione, et de libro vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 Et circa praedestinationem quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 conveniat praedestinatio. Secundo, quid sit praedestinatio; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 utrum ponat aliquid in praedestinato. Tertio, utrum Deo competat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 reprobatio aliquorum hominum. Quarto, de comparatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 praedestinationis ad electionem; utrum scilicet praedestinati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 eligantur. Quinto, utrum merita sint causa vel ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 praedestinationis, vel reprobationis, aut electionis. Sexto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 certitudine praedestinationis; utrum scilicet praedestinati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 infallibiliter salventur. Septimo, utrum numerus praedestinatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 sit certus. Octavo, utrum praedestinatio possit iuvari precibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 sanctorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 "ref">[29395] Iª q. 23 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 proceditur. Videtur quod homines non praedestinentur a Deo. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 enim Damascenus, in II libro, <i>oportet cognoscere quod omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 quidem praecognoscit Deus, non autem omnia praedeterminat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 Praecognoscit enim ea quae in nobis sunt; non autem praedeterminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 ea</i>. Sed merita et demerita humana sunt in nobis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 sumus nostrorum actuum domini per liberum arbitrium. Ea ergo quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 pertinent ad meritum vel demeritum, non praedestinantur a Deo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 sic hominum praedestinatio tollitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 "ref">[29396] Iª q. 23 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 creaturae ordinantur ad suos fines per divinam providentiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 supra dictum est. Sed aliae creaturae non dicuntur praedestinari a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 Deo. Ergo nec homines.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 "ref">[29397] Iª q. 23 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 Angeli sunt capaces beatitudinis, sicut et homines. Sed Angelis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 competit praedestinari, ut videtur, cum in eis nunquam fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 miseria; praedestinatio autem est propositum miserendi, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 Augustinus. Ergo homines non praedestinantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 "ref">[29398] Iª q. 23 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 beneficia hominibus a Deo collata, per spiritum sanctum viris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 sanctis revelantur, secundum illud apostoli, I Cor. II, <i>nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 autem non spiritum huius mundi accepimus, sed spiritum qui ex Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 est, ut sciamus quae a Deo donata sunt nobis</i>. Si ergo homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 praedestinarentur a Deo, cum praedestinatio sit Dei beneficium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 esset praedestinatis nota sua praedestinatio. Quod patet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 "ref">[29399] Iª q. 23 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 quod dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>quos praedestinavit, hos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 vocavit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 co."><a name="29400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 "ref">[29400] Iª q. 23 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 quod Deo conveniens est homines praedestinare. Omnia enim divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 providentiae subiacent, ut supra ostensum est. Ad providentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 autem pertinet res in finem ordinare, ut dictum est. Finis autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 quem res creatae ordinantur a Deo, est duplex. Unus, qui excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 proportionem naturae creatae et facultatem, et hic finis est vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 aeterna, quae in divina visione consistit, quae est supra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 cuiuslibet creaturae, ut supra habitum est. Alius autem finis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 naturae creatae proportionatus, quem scilicet res creata potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 attingere secundum virtutem suae naturae. Ad illud autem ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 non potest aliquid virtute suae naturae pervenire, oportet quod ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 alio transmittatur; sicut sagitta a sagittante mittitur ad signum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 Unde, proprie loquendo, rationalis creatura, quae est capax vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 aeternae, perducitur in ipsam quasi a Deo transmissa. Cuius quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 transmissionis ratio in Deo praeexistit; sicut et in eo est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 ordinis omnium in finem, quam diximus esse providentiam. Ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 autem alicuius fiendi in mente actoris existens, est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 praeexistentia rei fiendae in eo. Unde ratio praedictae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 transmissionis creaturae rationalis in finem vitae aeternae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 praedestinatio nominatur, nam destinare est mittere. Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 quod praedestinatio, quantum ad obiecta, est quaedam pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 providentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 "ref">[29401] Iª q. 23 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 dicendum quod Damascenus nominat praedeterminationem impositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 necessitatis; sicut est in rebus naturalibus, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 praedeterminatae ad unum. Quod patet ex eo quod subdit, <i>non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 vult malitiam, neque compellit virtutem</i>. Unde praedestinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 non excluditur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 "ref">[29402] Iª q. 23 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 dicendum quod creaturae irrationales non sunt capaces illius finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 qui facultatem humanae naturae excedit. Unde non proprie dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 praedestinari, etsi aliquando abusive praedestinatio nominetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 respectu cuiuscumque alterius finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 "ref">[29403] Iª q. 23 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 dicendum quod praedestinari convenit Angelis, sicut et hominibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 licet nunquam fuerint miseri. Nam motus non accipit speciem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 termino a quo, sed a termino ad quem, nihil enim refert, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 rationem dealbationis, utrum ille qui dealbatur, fuerit niger aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 pallidus vel rubeus. Et similiter nihil refert ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 praedestinationis, utrum aliquis praedestinetur in vitam aeternam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 statu miseriae, vel non. Quamvis dici possit quod omnis collatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 boni supra debitum eius cui confertur, ad misericordiam pertineat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 <p title="I q. 23 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 "ref">[29404] Iª q. 23 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 dicendum quod, etiam si aliquibus ex speciali privilegio sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 praedestinatio reveletur, non tamen convenit ut reveletur omnibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 quia sic illi qui non sunt praedestinati, desperarent; et securitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 in praedestinatis negligentiam pareret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 "ref">[29405] Iª q. 23 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 proceditur. Videtur quod praedestinatio ponat aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 praedestinato. Omnis enim actio ex se passionem infert. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 praedestinatio actio est in Deo, oportet quod praedestinatio passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 sit in praedestinatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 "ref">[29406] Iª q. 23 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 Origenes dicit, super illud Rom. I, <i>qui praedestinatus est etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 praedestinatio est eius qui non est, sed destinatio eius est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 est</i>. Sed Augustinus dicit, in libro de praedestinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 sanctorum, <i>quid est praedestinatio, nisi destinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 alicuius?</i> Ergo praedestinatio non est nisi alicuius existentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 Et ita ponit aliquid in praedestinato.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 "ref">[29407] Iª q. 23 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 praeparatio est aliquid in praeparato. Sed praedestinatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 praeparatio beneficiorum Dei, ut dicit Augustinus, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 Praedest. Sanct. Ergo praedestinatio est aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 praedestinatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 "ref">[29408] Iª q. 23 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 temporale non ponitur in definitione aeterni. Sed gratia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 aliquid temporale, ponitur in definitione praedestinationis, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 praedestinatio dicitur esse <i>praeparatio gratiae in praesenti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 gloriae in futuro</i>. Ergo praedestinatio non est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 aeternum. Et ita oportet quod non sit in Deo, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 praedestinatis, nam quidquid est in Deo, est aeternum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 "ref">[29409] Iª q. 23 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 quod Augustinus dicit, quod praedestinatio est praescientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 beneficiorum Dei. Sed praescientia non est in praescitis, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 praesciente. Ergo nec praedestinatio est in praedestinatis, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 praedestinante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 co."><a name="29410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 "ref">[29410] Iª q. 23 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 quod praedestinatio non est aliquid in praedestinatis, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 praedestinante tantum. Dictum est enim quod praedestinatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 quaedam pars providentiae providentia autem non est in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 provisis; sed est quaedam ratio in intellectu provisoris, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 dictum est. Sed executio providentiae, quae gubernatio dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 passive quidem est in gubernatis; active autem est in gubernante.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 Unde manifestum est quod praedestinatio est quaedam ratio ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 aliquorum in salutem aeternam, in mente divina existens. Executio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 autem huius ordinis est passive quidem in praedestinatis; active
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 autem est in Deo. Est autem executio praedestinationis vocatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 magnificatio, secundum illud apostoli, ad Rom. VIII, <i>quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 praedestinavit, hos et vocavit; et quos vocavit, hos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 magnificavit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 "ref">[29411] Iª q. 23 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 dicendum quod actiones in exteriorem materiam transeuntes, inferunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 ex se passionem, ut calefactio et secatio, non autem actiones in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 agente manentes, ut sunt intelligere et velle, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 Et talis actio est praedestinatio. Unde praedestinatio non ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 aliquid in praedestinato. Sed executio eius, quae transit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 exteriores res, ponit in eis aliquem effectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 "ref">[29412] Iª q. 23 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 dicendum quod destinatio aliquando sumitur pro reali missione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 alicuius ad aliquem terminum, et sic destinatio non est nisi eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 quod est. Alio modo sumitur destinatio pro missione quam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 mente concipit, secundum quod dicimur destinare, quod mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 firmiter proponimus, et hoc secundo modo dicitur II Machab. cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 VI, <i>Eleazarus destinavit non admittere illicita propter vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 amorem</i>. Et sic destinatio potest esse eius quod non est. Tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 praedestinatio, ratione antecessionis quam importat, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 eius quod non est, qualitercumque destinatio sumatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 "ref">[29413] Iª q. 23 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 dicendum quod duplex est praeparatio. Quaedam patientis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 patiatur, et haec praeparatio est in praeparato. Quaedam alia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 agentis, ut agat, et haec est in agente. Et talis praeparatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 praedestinatio; prout aliquod agens per intellectum dicitur se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 praeparare ad agendum, inquantum praeconcipit rationem operis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 fiendi. Et sic Deus ab aeterno praeparavit praedestinando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 concipiens rationem ordinis aliquorum in salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 <p title="I q. 23 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 "ref">[29414] Iª q. 23 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 dicendum quod gratia non ponitur in definitione praedestinationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 quasi aliquid existens de essentia eius, sed inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 praedestinatio importat respectum ad gratiam, ut causae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 effectum, et actus ad obiectum. Unde non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 praedestinatio sit aliquid temporale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 "ref">[29415] Iª q. 23 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus nullum hominem reprobet. Nullus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 reprobat quem diligit. Sed Deus omnem hominem diligit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 illud Sap. XI, <i>diligis omnia quae sunt, et nihil odisti eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 quae fecisti</i>. Ergo Deus nullum hominem reprobat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 "ref">[29416] Iª q. 23 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 Deus aliquem hominem reprobat, oportet quod sic se habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 reprobatio ad reprobatos, sicut praedestinatio ad praedestinatos.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 Sed praedestinatio est causa salutis praedestinatorum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 reprobatio erit causa perditionis reproborum. Hoc autem est falsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 dicitur enim Osee XIII, <i>perditio tua, Israel, ex te est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 tantummodo ex me auxilium tuum</i>. Non ergo Deus aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 reprobat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 "ref">[29417] Iª q. 23 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 debet imputari quod vitare non potest. Sed si Deus aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 reprobat, non potest vitare quin ipse pereat, dicitur enim Eccle.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 VII, <i>considera opera Dei, quod nemo possit corrigere quem ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 despexerit</i>. Ergo non esset hominibus imputandum quod pereunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 Hoc autem est falsum. Non ergo Deus aliquem reprobat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 "ref">[29418] Iª q. 23 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 quod dicitur Malach. I, <i>Iacob dilexi, Esau autem odio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 habui</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 co."><a name="29419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 "ref">[29419] Iª q. 23 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 quod Deus aliquos reprobat. Dictum enim est supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 praedestinatio est pars providentiae. Ad providentiam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 pertinet permittere aliquem defectum in rebus quae providentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 subduntur, ut supra dictum est. Unde, cum per divinam providentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 homines in vitam aeternam ordinentur, pertinet etiam ad divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 providentiam, ut permittat aliquos ab isto fine deficere. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 dicitur reprobare. Sic igitur, sicut praedestinatio est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 providentiae respectu eorum qui divinitus ordinantur in aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 salutem; ita reprobatio est pars providentiae respectu illorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 ab hoc fine decidunt. Unde reprobatio non nominat praescientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 tantum, sed aliquid addit secundum rationem, sicut et providentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 ut supra dictum est. Sicut enim praedestinatio includit voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 conferendi gratiam et gloriam, ita reprobatio includit voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 permittendi aliquem cadere in culpam, et inferendi damnationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 poenam pro culpa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 "ref">[29420] Iª q. 23 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 dicendum quod Deus omnes homines diligit, et etiam omnes creaturas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 inquantum omnibus vult aliquod bonum, non tamen quodcumque bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 vult omnibus. Inquantum igitur quibusdam non vult hoc bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 est vita aeterna, dicitur eos habere odio, vel reprobare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 "ref">[29421] Iª q. 23 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 dicendum quod aliter se habet reprobatio in causando, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 praedestinatio. Nam praedestinatio est causa et eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 expectatur in futura vita a praedestinatis, scilicet gloriae; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 eius quod percipitur in praesenti, scilicet gratiae. Reprobatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 vero non est causa eius quod est in praesenti, scilicet culpae; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 est causa derelictionis a Deo. Est tamen causa eius quod redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 in futuro, scilicet poenae aeternae. Sed culpa provenit ex libero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 arbitrio eius qui reprobatur et a gratia deseritur. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 verificatur dictum prophetae, scilicet, <i>perditio tua, Israel, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 te</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 <p title="I q. 23 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 "ref">[29422] Iª q. 23 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 dicendum quod reprobatio Dei non subtrahit aliquid de potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 reprobati. Unde, cum dicitur quod reprobatus non potest gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 adipisci, non est hoc intelligendum secundum impossibilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 absolutam, sed secundum impossibilitatem conditionatam, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 dictum est quod praedestinatum necesse est salvari, necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 conditionata, quae non tollit libertatem arbitrii. Unde, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 aliquis non possit gratiam adipisci qui reprobatur a Deo, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 quod in hoc peccatum vel illud labatur, ex eius libero arbitrio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 contingit. Unde et merito sibi imputatur in culpam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 "ref">[29423] Iª q. 23 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 proceditur. Videtur quod praedestinati non eligantur a Deo. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod, sicut sol corporeus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 eligendo omnibus corporibus lumen immittit, ita et Deus suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 bonitatem. Sed bonitas divina communicatur praecipue aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 secundum participationem gratiae et gloriae. Ergo Deus absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 electione gratiam et gloriam communicat. Quod ad praedestinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 "ref">[29424] Iª q. 23 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 electio est eorum quae sunt. Sed praedestinatio ab aeterno est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 etiam eorum quae non sunt. Ergo praedestinantur aliqui absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 electione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 "ref">[29425] Iª q. 23 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 electio quandam discretionem importat. <i>Sed Deus vult omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 homines salvos fieri</i>, ut dicitur I Tim. II. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 praedestinatio, quae praeordinat homines in salutem, est absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 electione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 "ref">[29426] Iª q. 23 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 quod dicitur Ephes. I, <i>elegit nos in ipso ante mundi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 constitutionem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 co."><a name="29427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 "ref">[29427] Iª q. 23 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 quod praedestinatio, secundum rationem, praesupponit electionem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 electio dilectionem. Cuius ratio est, quia praedestinatio, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 dictum est, est pars providentiae. Providentia autem, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 prudentia, est ratio in intellectu existens, praeceptiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 ordinationis aliquorum in finem, ut supra dictum est. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 praecipitur aliquid ordinandum in finem, nisi praeexistente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 voluntate finis. Unde praedestinatio aliquorum in salutem aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 praesupponit, secundum rationem, quod Deus illorum velit salutem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 Ad quod pertinet electio et dilectio. Dilectio quidem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 vult eis hoc bonum salutis aeternae, nam diligere est velle alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 bonum, ut supra dictum est. Electio autem, inquantum hoc bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 aliquibus prae aliis vult, cum quosdam reprobet, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 est. Electio tamen et dilectio aliter ordinantur in nobis et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 Deo, eo quod in nobis voluntas diligendo non causat bonum; sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 bono praeexistente incitamur ad diligendum. Et ideo eligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 aliquem, quem diligamus, et sic electio dilectionem praecedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 nobis. In Deo autem est e converso. Nam voluntas eius, qua vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 bonum alicui diligendo, est causa quod illud bonum ab eo prae aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 habeatur. Et sic patet quod dilectio praesupponitur electioni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 secundum rationem; et electio praedestinationi. Unde omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 praedestinati sunt electi et dilecti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 "ref">[29428] Iª q. 23 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 dicendum quod, si consideretur communicatio bonitatis divinae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 communi, absque electione bonitatem suam communicat; inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 scilicet nihil est, quod non participet aliquid de bonitate eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 ut supra dictum est. Sed si consideretur communicatio istius vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 illius boni, non absque electione tribuit, quia quaedam bona dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 aliquibus, quae non dat aliis. Et sic in collatione gratiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 gloriae attenditur electio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 "ref">[29429] Iª q. 23 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 dicendum quod, quando voluntas eligentis provocatur ad eligendum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 bono in re praeexistente, tunc oportet quod electio sit eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 sunt; sicut accidit in electione nostra. Sed in Deo est aliter, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 dictum est. Et ideo, sicut dicit Augustinus, <i>eliguntur a Deo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 non sunt, neque tamen errat qui eligit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 <p title="I q. 23 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 "ref">[29430] Iª q. 23 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Deus vult omnes homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 salvos fieri antecedenter, quod non est simpliciter velle, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 secundum quid, non autem consequenter, quod est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 velle.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="29431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 "ref">[29431] Iª q. 23 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 proceditur. Videtur quod praescientia meritorum sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 praedestinationis. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. VIII, <i>quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 praescivit, hos et praedestinavit</i>. Et Glossa Ambrosii, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 illud Rom. IX, <i>miserebor cui miserebor</i> etc., dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 <i>misericordiam illi dabo, quem praescio toto corde reversurum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 me</i>. Ergo videtur quod praescientia meritorum sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 praedestinationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="29432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 "ref">[29432] Iª q. 23 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 praedestinatio divina includit divinam voluntatem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 irrationabilis esse non potest, cum praedestinatio sit propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 miserendi, ut Augustinus dicit. Sed nulla alia ratio potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 praedestinationis nisi praescientia meritorum. Ergo praescientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 meritorum est causa vel ratio praedestinationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="29433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 "ref">[29433] Iª q. 23 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 <i>non est iniquitas apud Deum</i>, ut dicitur Rom. IX. Iniquum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 autem esse videtur, ut aequalibus inaequalia dentur. Omnes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 homines sunt aequales et secundum naturam, et secundum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 originale, attenditur autem in eis inaequalitas secundum merita vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 demerita propriorum actuum. Non igitur inaequalia praeparat Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 hominibus, praedestinando et reprobando, nisi propter differentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 meritorum praescientiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 s. c."><a name="29434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 "ref">[29434] Iª q. 23 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 quod dicit apostolus, ad Tit. III, <i>non ex operibus iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 quae fecimus nos, sed secundum suam misericordiam salvos nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 fecit</i>. Sicut autem salvos nos fecit, ita et praedestinavit nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 salvos fieri. Non ergo praescientia meritorum est causa vel ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 praedestinationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 co."><a name="29435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 "ref">[29435] Iª q. 23 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 quod, cum praedestinatio includat voluntatem, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 sic inquirenda est ratio praedestinationis, sicut inquiritur ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 divinae voluntatis. Dictum est autem supra quod non est assignare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 causam divinae voluntatis ex parte actus volendi; sed potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 assignari ratio ex parte volitorum, inquantum scilicet Deus vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 esse aliquid propter aliud. Nullus ergo fuit ita insanae mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 qui diceret merita esse causam divinae praedestinationis, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 actus praedestinantis. Sed hoc sub quaestione vertitur, utrum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 parte effectus, praedestinatio habeat aliquam causam. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 quaerere, utrum Deus praeordinaverit se daturum effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 praedestinationis alicui, propter merita aliqua. Fuerunt igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 quidam, qui dixerunt quod effectus praedestinationis praeordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 alicui propter merita praeexistentia in alia vita. Et haec fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 positio Origenis, qui posuit animas humanas ab initio creatas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 secundum diversitatem suorum operum, diversos status eas sortiri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 hoc mundo corporibus unitas. Sed hanc opinionem excludit apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 Rom. IX, dicens, <i>cum nondum nati fuissent, aut aliquid egissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 boni vel mali, non ex operibus, sed ex vocante dictum est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 maior serviet minori</i>. Fuerunt ergo alii, qui dixerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 merita praeexistentia in hac vita sunt ratio et causa effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 praedestinationis. Posuerunt enim Pelagiani quod initium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 benefaciendi sit ex nobis, consummatio autem a Deo. Et sic, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 contingit quod alicui datur praedestinationis effectus, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 alteri, quia unus initium dedit se praeparando, et non alius. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 contra hoc est quod dicit apostolus, II Cor. III, quod <i>non sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 sufficientes cogitare aliquid a nobis, quasi ex nobis</i>. Nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 autem anterius principium inveniri potest quam cogitatio. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 potest dici quod aliquod in nobis initium existat, quod sit ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 effectus praedestinationis. Unde fuerunt alii, qui dixerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 merita sequentia praedestinationis effectum, sunt ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 praedestinationis, ut intelligatur quod ideo Deus dat gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 alicui, et praeordinavit se ei daturum, quia praescivit eum bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 usurum gratia; sicut si rex det alicui militi equum, quem scit eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 bene usurum. Sed isti videntur distinxisse inter id quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 gratia, et id quod est ex libero arbitrio, quasi non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 idem ex utroque. Manifestum est autem quod id quod est gratiae, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 praedestinationis effectus, et hoc non potest poni ut ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 praedestinationis, cum hoc sub praedestinatione concludatur. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 igitur aliquid aliud ex parte nostra sit ratio praedestinationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 hoc erit praeter effectum praedestinationis. Non est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 distinctum quod est ex libero arbitrio, et ex praedestinatione;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 sicut nec est distinctum quod est ex causa secunda, et causa prima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 divina enim providentia producit effectus per operationes causarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 secundarum, ut supra dictum est. Unde et id quod est per liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 arbitrium, est ex praedestinatione. Dicendum est ergo quod effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 praedestinationis considerare possumus dupliciter. Uno modo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 particulari. Et sic nihil prohibet aliquem effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 praedestinationis esse causam et rationem alterius, posteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 quidem prioris, secundum rationem causae finalis; priorem vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 posterioris, secundum rationem causae meritoriae, quae reducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 dispositionem materiae. Sicut si dicamus quod Deus praeordinavit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 daturum alicui gloriam ex meritis; et quod praeordinavit se daturum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 alicui gratiam, ut mereretur gloriam. Alio modo potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 praedestinationis effectus in communi. Et sic impossibile est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 totus praedestinationis effectus in communi habeat aliquam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 ex parte nostra. Quia quidquid est in homine ordinans ipsum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 salutem, comprehenditur totum sub effectu praedestinationis, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 ipsa praeparatio ad gratiam, neque enim hoc fit nisi per auxilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 divinum, secundum illud Thren. ultimi, <i>converte nos, domine, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 te, et convertemur</i>. Habet tamen hoc modo praedestinatio, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 parte effectus, pro ratione divinam bonitatem; ad quam totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 effectus praedestinationis ordinatur ut in finem, et ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 procedit sicut ex principio primo movente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="29436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 "ref">[29436] Iª q. 23 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 dicendum quod usus gratiae praescitus, non est ratio collationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 gratiae, nisi secundum rationem causae finalis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="29437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 "ref">[29437] Iª q. 23 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 dicendum quod praedestinatio habet rationem ex parte effectus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 communi, ipsam divinam bonitatem. In particulari autem, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 effectus est ratio alterius, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 <p title="I q. 23 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="29438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 "ref">[29438] Iª q. 23 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 dicendum quod ex ipsa bonitate divina ratio sumi potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 praedestinationis aliquorum, et reprobationis aliorum. Sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 Deus dicitur omnia propter suam bonitatem fecisse, ut in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 divina bonitas repraesentetur. Necesse est autem quod divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 bonitas, quae in se est una et simplex, multiformiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 repraesentetur in rebus; propter hoc quod res creatae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 simplicitatem divinam attingere non possunt. Et inde est quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 completionem universi requiruntur diversi gradus rerum, quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 quaedam altum, et quaedam infimum locum teneant in universo. Et ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 multiformitas graduum conservetur in rebus, Deus permittit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 mala fieri, ne multa bona impediantur, ut supra dictum est. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 igitur consideremus totum genus humanum, sicut totam rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 universitatem. Voluit igitur Deus in hominibus, quantum ad aliquos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 quos praedestinat, suam repraesentare bonitatem per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 misericordiae, parcendo; et quantum ad aliquos, quos reprobat, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 modum iustitiae, puniendo. Et haec est ratio quare Deus quosdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 eligit, et quosdam reprobat. Et hanc causam assignat apostolus, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 Rom. IX, dicens, volens Deus ostendere iram (idest vindictam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 iustitiae), et notam facere potentiam suam, sustinuit (idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 permisit) <i>in multa patientia, vasa irae apta in interitum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 ostenderet divitias gloriae suae in vasa misericordiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 praeparavit in gloriam</i>. Et II Tim. II dicit, <i>in magna autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 domo non solum sunt vasa aurea et argentea, sed etiam lignea et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 fictilia; et quaedam quidem in honorem, quaedam in contumeliam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 Sed quare hos elegit in gloriam, et illos reprobavit, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 rationem nisi divinam voluntatem. Unde Augustinus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 Ioannem, <i>quare hunc trahat, et illum non trahat, noli velle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 diiudicare, si non vis errare</i>. Sicut etiam in rebus naturalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 potest assignari ratio, cum prima materia tota sit in se uniformis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 quare una pars eius est sub forma ignis, et alia sub forma terrae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 a Deo in principio condita, ut scilicet sit diversitas specierum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 rebus naturalibus. Sed quare haec pars materiae est sub ista forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 et illa sub alia, dependet ex simplici divina voluntate. Sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 simplici voluntate artificis dependet, quod ille lapis est in ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 parte parietis, et ille in alia, quamvis ratio artis habeat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 aliqui sint in hac, et aliqui sint in illa. Neque tamen propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 est iniquitas apud Deum, si inaequalia non inaequalibus praeparat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 Hoc enim esset contra iustitiae rationem, si praedestinationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 effectus ex debito redderetur, et non daretur ex gratia. In his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 enim quae ex gratia dantur, potest aliquis pro libito suo dare cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 vult, plus vel minus, dummodo nulli subtrahat debitum, absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 praeiudicio iustitiae. Et hoc est quod dicit paterfamilias, Matt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 XX, <i>tolle quod tuum est, et vade. An non licet mihi quod volo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 facere?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="29439"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 "ref">[29439] Iª q. 23 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 proceditur. Videtur quod praedestinatio non sit certa. Quia super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 illud Apoc. III, <i>tene quod habes, ne alius accipiat coronam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 tuam</i>, dicit Augustinus, quod <i>alius non est accepturus, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 iste perdiderit</i>. Potest ergo et acquiri et perdi corona, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 est praedestinationis effectus. Non est igitur praedestinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 certa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="29440"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 "ref">[29440] Iª q. 23 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 posito possibili, nullum sequitur impossibile. Possibile est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 aliquem praedestinatum, ut Petrum, peccare, et tunc occidi. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 autem posito, sequitur praedestinationis effectum frustrari. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 igitur non est impossibile. Non ergo est praedestinatio certa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="29441"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 "ref">[29441] Iª q. 23 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 quidquid Deus potuit, potest. Sed potuit non praedestinare quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 praedestinavit. Ergo nunc potest non praedestinare. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 praedestinatio non est certa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 s. c."><a name="29442"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 "ref">[29442] Iª q. 23 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 quod super illud Rom. VIII, <i>quos praescivit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 praedestinavit</i> etc., dicit Glossa, <i>praedestinatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 praescientia et praeparatio beneficiorum Dei, qua certissime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 liberantur quicumque liberantur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 co."><a name="29443"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 "ref">[29443] Iª q. 23 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 quod praedestinatio certissime et infallibiliter consequitur suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 effectum, nec tamen imponit necessitatem, ut scilicet effectus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 ex necessitate proveniat. Dictum est enim supra quod praedestinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 est pars providentiae. Sed non omnia quae providentiae subduntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 necessaria sunt, sed quaedam contingenter eveniunt, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 conditionem causarum proximarum, quas ad tales effectus divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 providentia ordinavit. Et tamen providentiae ordo est infallibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 ut supra ostensum est. Sic igitur et ordo praedestinationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 certus; et tamen libertas arbitrii non tollitur, ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 contingenter provenit praedestinationis effectus. Ad hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 consideranda sunt quae supra dicta sunt de divina scientia et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 divina voluntate, quae contingentiam a rebus non tollunt, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 certissima et infallibilia sint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="29444"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 "ref">[29444] Iª q. 23 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 dicendum quod corona dicitur esse alicuius, dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 ex praedestinatione divina, et sic nullus coronam suam amittit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 Alio modo, ex merito gratiae, quod enim meremur, quodammodo nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 est. Et sic suam coronam aliquis amittere potest per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 mortale sequens. Alius autem illam coronam amissam accipit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 inquantum loco eius subrogatur. Non enim permittit Deus aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 cadere, quin alios erigat, secundum illud Iob XXXIV, <i>conteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 multos et innumerabiles, et stare faciet alios pro eis</i>. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 enim in locum Angelorum cadentium substituti sunt homines; et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 locum Iudaeorum, gentiles. Substitutus autem in statum gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 etiam quantum ad hoc coronam cadentis accipit, quod de bonis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 alius fecit, in aeterna vita gaudebit, in qua unusquisque gaudebit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 de bonis tam a se quam ab aliis factis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="29445"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 "ref">[29445] Iª q. 23 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 dicendum quod, licet sit possibile eum qui est praedestinatus, mori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 in peccato mortali, secundum se consideratum; tamen hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 impossibile, posito (prout scilicet ponitur) eum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 praedestinatum. Unde non sequitur quod praedestinatio falli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 <p title="I q. 23 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="29446"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 "ref">[29446] Iª q. 23 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 dicendum quod, cum praedestinatio includat divinam voluntatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 sicut supra dictum est quod Deum velle aliquid creatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 necessarium ex suppositione, propter immutabilitatem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 voluntatis, non tamen absolute; ita dicendum est hic de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 praedestinatione. Unde non oportet dicere quod Deus possit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 praedestinare quem praedestinavit, in sensu composito accipiendo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 licet, absolute considerando, Deus possit praedestinare vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 praedestinare. Sed ex hoc non tollitur praedestinationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 certitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="29447"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 "ref">[29447] Iª q. 23 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 proceditur. Videtur quod numerus praedestinatorum non sit certus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 Numerus enim cui potest fieri additio, non est certus. Sed numero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 praedestinatorum potest fieri additio, ut videtur, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 Deut. I, <i>dominus Deus noster addat ad hunc numerum multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 millia</i>; Glossa, <i>idest definitum apud Deum, qui novit qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 sunt eius</i>. Ergo numerus praedestinatorum non est certus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="29448"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 "ref">[29448] Iª q. 23 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 potest assignari ratio quare magis in hoc numero quam in alio, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 homines praeordinet ad salutem. Sed nihil a Deo sine ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 disponitur. Ergo non est certus numerus salvandorum praeordinatus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="29449"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 "ref">[29449] Iª q. 23 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 operatio Dei est perfectior quam operatio naturae. Sed in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 naturae bonum invenitur ut in pluribus, defectus autem et malum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 in paucioribus. Si igitur a Deo institueretur numerus salvandorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 plures essent salvandi quam damnandi. Cuius contrarium ostenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 Matt. VII, ubi dicitur, <i>lata et spatiosa est via quae ducit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 perditionem, et multi sunt qui intrant per eam, angusta est porta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 et arcta via, quae ducit ad vitam, et pauci sunt qui inveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 eam</i>. Non ergo est praeordinatus a Deo numerus salvandorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 s. c."><a name="29450"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 "ref">[29450] Iª q. 23 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de correptione et gratia, <i>certus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 est praedestinatorum numerus, qui neque augeri potest, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 minui</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 co."><a name="29451"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 "ref">[29451] Iª q. 23 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 quod numerus praedestinatorum est certus. Sed quidam dixerunt eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 esse certum formaliter, sed non materialiter, ut puta si diceremus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 certum esse quod centum vel mille salventur, non autem quod hi vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 illi. Sed hoc tollit certitudinem praedestinationis, de qua iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 diximus. Et ideo oportet dicere quod numerus praedestinatorum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 certus Deo non solum formaliter, sed etiam materialiter. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 advertendum est quod numerus praedestinatorum certus Deo dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 non solum ratione cognitionis, quia scilicet scit quot sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 salvandi (sic enim Deo certus est etiam numerus guttarum pluviae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 et arenae maris); sed ratione electionis et definitionis cuiusdam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 Ad cuius evidentiam, est sciendum quod omne agens intendit facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 aliquid finitum, ut ex supradictis de infinito apparet. Quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 autem intendit aliquam determinatam mensuram in suo effectu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 excogitat aliquem numerum in partibus essentialibus eius, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 se requiruntur ad perfectionem totius. Non enim per se eligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 aliquem numerum in his quae non principaliter requiruntur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 solum propter aliud, sed in tanto numero accipit huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 inquantum sunt necessaria propter aliud. Sicut aedificator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 excogitat determinatam mensuram domus, et etiam determinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 numerum mansionum quas vult facere in domo, et determinatum numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 mensurarum parietis vel tecti, non autem eligit determinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 numerum lapidum, sed accipit tot, quot sufficiunt ad explendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 tantam mensuram parietis. Sic igitur considerandum est in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 respectu totius universitatis quae est eius effectus. Praeordinavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 enim in qua mensura deberet esse totum universum, et quis numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 esset conveniens essentialibus partibus universi, quae scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 habent aliquo modo ordinem ad perpetuitatem; quot scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 sphaerae, quot stellae, quot elementa, quot species rerum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 Individua vero corruptibilia non ordinantur ad bonum universi quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 principaliter, sed quasi secundario, inquantum in eis salvatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 bonum speciei. Unde, licet Deus sciat numerum omnium individuorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 non tamen numerus vel boum vel culicum, vel aliorum huiusmodi, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 per se praeordinatus a Deo, sed tot ex huiusmodi divina providentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 produxit, quot sufficiunt ad specierum conservationem. Inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 autem creaturas, principalius ordinantur ad bonum universi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 creaturae rationales, quae, inquantum huiusmodi, incorruptibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 sunt; et potissime illae quae beatitudinem consequuntur, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 immediatius attingunt ultimum finem. Unde certus est Deo numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 praedestinatorum, non solum per modum cognitionis, sed etiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 modum cuiusdam principalis praefinitionis. Non sic autem omnino est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 de numero reproborum; qui videntur esse praeordinati a Deo in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 electorum, quibus omnia cooperantur in bonum. De numero autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 omnium praedestinatorum hominum, quis sit, dicunt quidam quod tot
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 ex hominibus salvabuntur, quot Angeli ceciderunt. Quidam vero, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 tot salvabuntur, quot Angeli remanserunt. Quidam vero, quod tot ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 hominibus salvabuntur, quot Angeli ceciderunt, et insuper tot, quot
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 fuerunt Angeli creati. Sed melius dicitur quod <i>soli Deo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 cognitus numerus electorum in superna felicitate locandus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="29452"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 "ref">[29452] Iª q. 23 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 dicendum quod verbum illud Deuteronomii est intelligendum de illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 qui sunt praenotati a Deo respectu praesentis iustitiae. Horum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 numerus et augetur et minuitur, et non numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 praedestinatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="29453"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 "ref">[29453] Iª q. 23 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 dicendum quod ratio quantitatis alicuius partis, accipienda est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 proportione illius partis ad totum. Sic enim est apud Deum ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 quare tot stellas fecerit, vel tot rerum species, et quare tot
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 praedestinavit, ex proportione partium principalium ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 universi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 <p title="I q. 23 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="29454"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 "ref">[29454] Iª q. 23 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 dicendum quod bonum proportionatum communi statui naturae, accidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 ut in pluribus; et defectus ab hoc bono, ut in paucioribus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 bonum quod excedit communem statum naturae, invenitur ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 paucioribus; et defectus ab hoc bono, ut in pluribus. Sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 quod plures homines sunt qui habent sufficientem scientiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 regimen vitae suae, pauciores autem qui hac scientia carent, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 moriones vel stulti dicuntur, sed paucissimi sunt, respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 aliorum, qui attingunt ad habendam profundam scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 intelligibilium rerum. Cum igitur beatitudo aeterna, in visione Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 consistens, excedat communem statum naturae, et praecipue secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 quod est gratia destituta per corruptionem originalis peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 pauciores sunt qui salvantur. Et in hoc etiam maxime misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 Dei apparet, quod aliquos in illam salutem erigit, a qua plurimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 deficiunt secundum communem cursum et inclinationem naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="29455"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 "ref">[29455] Iª q. 23 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 proceditur. Videtur quod praedestinatio non possit iuvari precibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 sanctorum. Nullum enim aeternum praeceditur ab aliquo temporali, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 per consequens non potest temporale iuvare ad hoc quod aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 aeternum sit. Sed praedestinatio est aeterna. Cum igitur preces
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 sanctorum sint temporales, non possunt iuvare ad hoc quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 praedestinetur. Non ergo praedestinatio iuvatur precibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 sanctorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="29456"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 "ref">[29456] Iª q. 23 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 nihil indiget consilio nisi propter defectum cognitionis, ita nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 indiget auxilio nisi propter defectum virtutis. Sed neutrum horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 competit Deo praedestinanti, unde dicitur Rom. XI, <i>quis adiuvit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 spiritum domini? Aut quis consiliarius eius fuit?</i> Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 praedestinatio non iuvatur precibus sanctorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="29457"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 "ref">[29457] Iª q. 23 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 eiusdem est adiuvari et impediri. Sed praedestinatio non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 aliquo impediri. Ergo non potest aliquo iuvari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 s. c."><a name="29458"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 "ref">[29458] Iª q. 23 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 quod dicitur Genes. XXV, quod <i>Isaac rogavit Deum pro Rebecca
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 uxore sua, et dedit conceptum Rebeccae</i>. Ex illo autem conceptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 natus est Iacob, qui praedestinatus fuit. Non autem fuisset impleta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 praedestinatio, si natus non fuisset. Ergo praedestinatio iuvatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 precibus sanctorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 co."><a name="29459"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 "ref">[29459] Iª q. 23 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 quod circa hanc quaestionem diversi errores fuerunt. Quidam enim,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 attendentes certitudinem divinae praedestinationis, dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 superfluas esse orationes, vel quidquid aliud fiat ad salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 aeternam consequendam, quia his factis vel non factis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 praedestinati consequuntur, reprobati non consequuntur. Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 hoc sunt omnes admonitiones sacrae Scripturae, exhortantes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 orationem, et ad alia bona opera. Alii vero dixerunt quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 orationes mutatur divina praedestinatio. Et haec dicitur fuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 opinio Aegyptiorum, qui ponebant ordinationem divinam, quam fatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 appellabant, aliquibus sacrificiis et orationibus impediri posse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 Sed contra hoc etiam est auctoritas sacrae Scripturae. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 I Reg. XV, porro <i>triumphator in Israel non parcet, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 poenitudine flectetur</i>. Et Rom. XI dicitur quod <i>sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 poenitentia sunt dona Dei et vocatio</i>. Et ideo aliter dicendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 quod in praedestinatione duo sunt consideranda, scilicet ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 praeordinatio divina, et effectus eius. Quantum igitur ad primum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 nullo modo praedestinatio iuvatur precibus sanctorum, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 precibus sanctorum fit, quod aliquis praedestinetur a Deo. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 vero ad secundum, dicitur praedestinatio iuvari precibus sanctorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 et aliis bonis operibus, quia providentia, cuius praedestinatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 pars, non subtrahit causas secundas, sed sic providet effectus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 etiam ordo causarum secundarum subiaceat providentiae. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 sic providentur naturales effectus, ut etiam causae naturales ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 illos naturales effectus ordinentur, sine quibus illi effectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 provenirent; ita praedestinatur a Deo salus alicuius, ut etiam sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 ordine praedestinationis cadat quidquid hominem promovet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 salutem, vel orationes propriae, vel aliorum, vel alia bona, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 quidquid huiusmodi, sine quibus aliquis salutem non consequitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 Unde praedestinatis conandum est ad bene operandum et orandum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 per huiusmodi praedestinationis effectus certitudinaliter impletur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 Propter quod dicitur II Petr. I, <i>satagite, ut per bona opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 certam vestram vocationem et electionem faciatis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="29460"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 "ref">[29460] Iª q. 23 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 dicendum quod ratio illa ostendit quod praedestinatio non iuvatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 precibus sanctorum, quantum ad ipsam praeordinationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="29461"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 "ref">[29461] Iª q. 23 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 dicendum quod aliquis dicitur adiuvari per alium, dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 modo, inquantum ab eo accipit virtutem, et sic adiuvari infirmi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 est, unde Deo non competit. Et sic intelligitur illud, <i>quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 adiuvit spiritum domini?</i> Alio modo dicitur quis adiuvari per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 aliquem, per quem exequitur suam operationem, sicut dominus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 ministrum. Et hoc modo Deus adiuvatur per nos, inquantum exequimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 suam ordinationem, secundum illud I ad Cor. III, <i>Dei enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 adiutores sumus</i>. Neque hoc est propter defectum divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 virtutis, sed quia utitur causis mediis, ut ordinis pulchritudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 servetur in rebus, et ut etiam creaturis dignitatem causalitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 communicet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 <p title="I q. 23 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="29462"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 "ref">[29462] Iª q. 23 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 dicendum quod secundae causae non possunt egredi ordinem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 primae universalis, ut supra dictum est; sed ipsum exequuntur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 ideo praedestinatio per creaturas potest adiuvari, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 impediri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 <div class="D">Quaestio 24</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 <p title="I q. 24 pr."><a name="29463"><span class="ref">[29463]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 Iª q. 24 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 vitae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, quid sit liber vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 Secundo, cuius vitae sit liber. Tertio, utrum aliquis possit deleri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 de libro vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29464"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 "ref">[29464] Iª q. 24 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 proceditur. Videtur quod liber vitae non sit idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 praedestinatio. Dicitur enim Eccli. XXIV, <i>haec omnia liber
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 vitae</i>; Glossa, <i>idest novum et vetus testamentum</i>. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 autem non est praedestinatio. Ergo liber vitae non est idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 praedestinatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29465"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 "ref">[29465] Iª q. 24 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 Augustinus, in libro XX de Civ. Dei, ait quod liber vitae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 quaedam vis divina, qua fiet <i>ut cuique opera sua bona vel mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 in memoriam reducantur</i>. Sed vis divina non videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 praedestinationem, sed magis ad attributum potentiae. Ergo liber
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 vitae non est idem quod praedestinatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29466"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 "ref">[29466] Iª q. 24 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 praedestinationi opponitur reprobatio. Si igitur liber vitae esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 praedestinatio, inveniretur liber mortis, sicut liber vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29467"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 "ref">[29467] Iª q. 24 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 quod dicitur in Glossa, super illud Psalmi LXVIII, <i>deleantur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 libro viventium, liber iste est notitia Dei, qua praedestinavit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 vitam, quos praescivit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 co."><a name="29468"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 "ref">[29468] Iª q. 24 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 quod liber vitae in Deo dicitur metaphorice, secundum similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 a rebus humanis acceptam. Est enim consuetum apud homines, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 illi qui ad aliquid eliguntur, conscribuntur in libro; utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 milites vel consiliarii, qui olim dicebantur patres conscripti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 Patet autem ex praemissis quod omnes praedestinati eliguntur a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 ad habendum vitam aeternam. Ipsa ergo praedestinatorum conscriptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 dicitur liber vitae. Dicitur autem metaphorice aliquid conscriptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 in intellectu alicuius, quod firmiter in memoria tenet, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 illud Prov. III, <i>ne obliviscaris legis meae, et praecepta mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 cor tuum custodiat</i>; et post pauca sequitur, <i>describe illa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 tabulis cordis tui</i>. Nam et in libris materialibus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 conscribitur ad succurrendum memoriae. Unde ipsa Dei notitia, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 firmiter retinet se aliquos praedestinasse ad vitam aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 dicitur liber vitae. Nam sicut Scriptura libri est signum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 quae fienda sunt ita Dei notitia est quoddam signum apud ipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 eorum qui sunt perducendi ad vitam aeternam; secundum illud II Tim.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 II, <i>firmum fundamentum Dei stat, habens signaculum hoc, novit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 dominus qui sunt eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29469"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 "ref">[29469] Iª q. 24 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 dicendum quod liber vitae potest dici dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 conscriptio eorum qui sunt electi ad vitam, et sic loquimur nunc de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 libro vitae. Alio modo potest dici liber vitae, conscriptio eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 quae ducunt in vitam. Et hoc dupliciter. Vel sicut agendorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 sic novum et vetus testamentum dicitur liber vitae. Vel sicut iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 factorum, et sic illa vis divina, qua fiet ut cuilibet in memoriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 reducantur facta sua, dicitur liber vitae. Sicut etiam liber
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 militiae potest dici, vel in quo scribuntur electi ad militiam, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 in quo traditur ars militaris, vel in quo recitantur facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 militum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29470"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 "ref">[29470] Iª q. 24 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet solutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29471"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 "ref">[29471] Iª q. 24 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 dicendum quod non est consuetum conscribi eos qui repudiantur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 eos qui eliguntur. Unde reprobationi non respondet liber mortis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 sicut praedestinationi liber vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 <p title="I q. 24 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29472"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 "ref">[29472] Iª q. 24 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 dicendum quod secundum rationem differt liber vitae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 praedestinatione. Importat enim notitiam praedestinationis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 etiam ex Glossa inducta apparet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29473"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 "ref">[29473] Iª q. 24 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 proceditur. Videtur quod liber vitae non sit solum respectu vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 gloriae praedestinatorum. Liber enim vitae est notitia vitae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 Deus per vitam suam cognoscit omnem aliam vitam. Ergo liber vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 praecipue dicitur respectu vitae divinae; et non solum respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 vitae praedestinatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29474"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 "ref">[29474] Iª q. 24 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 vita gloriae est a Deo, ita vita naturae. Si igitur notitia vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 gloriae dicitur liber vitae, etiam notitia vitae naturae dicetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 liber vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29475"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 "ref">[29475] Iª q. 24 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 aliqui eliguntur ad gratiam, qui non eliguntur ad vitam gloriae; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 patet per id quod dicitur Ioan. VI, <i>nonne duodecim vos elegi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 unus ex vobis Diabolus est?</i> Sed liber vitae est conscriptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 electionis divinae, ut dictum est. Ergo etiam est respectu vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29476"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 "ref">[29476] Iª q. 24 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 quod liber vitae est notitia praedestinationis, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 praedestinatio non respicit vitam gratiae, nisi secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 ordinatur ad gloriam, non enim sunt praedestinati, qui habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 gratiam et deficiunt a gloria. Liber igitur vitae non dicitur nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 respectu gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 co."><a name="29477"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 "ref">[29477] Iª q. 24 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 quod liber vitae, ut dictum est, importat conscriptionem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 sive notitiam electorum ad vitam. Eligitur autem aliquis ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 non competit sibi secundum suam naturam. Et iterum, id ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 eligitur aliquis, habet rationem finis, non enim miles eligitur aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 conscribitur ad hoc quod armetur, sed ad hoc quod pugnet; hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 est proprium officium ad quod militia ordinatur. Finis autem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 naturam existens, est vita gloriae, ut supra dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 proprie liber vitae respicit vitam gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29478"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 "ref">[29478] Iª q. 24 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 dicendum quod vita divina, etiam prout est vita gloriosa, est Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 naturalis. Unde respectu eius non est electio, et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 neque liber vitae. Non enim dicimus quod aliquis homo eligatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 habendum sensum, vel aliquid eorum quae consequuntur naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29479"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 "ref">[29479] Iª q. 24 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Unde per hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 patet solutio ad secundum. Respectu enim vitae naturalis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 electio, neque liber vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 <p title="I q. 24 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29480"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 "ref">[29480] Iª q. 24 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 dicendum quod vita gratiae non habet rationem finis, sed rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 eius quod est ad finem. Unde ad vitam gratiae non dicitur aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 eligi, nisi inquantum vita gratiae ordinatur ad gloriam. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 hoc, illi qui habent gratiam et excidunt a gloria, non dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 esse electi simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Et similiter non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 dicuntur esse scripti simpliciter in libro vitae sed secundum quid;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 prout scilicet de eis in ordinatione et notitia divina existit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 quod sint habituri aliquem ordinem ad vitam aeternam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 participationem gratiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29481"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 "ref">[29481] Iª q. 24 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 proceditur. Videtur quod nullus deleatur de libro vitae. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 Augustinus, in XX de Civ. Dei, quod <i>praescientia Dei, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 potest falli, liber vitae est</i>. Sed a praescientia Dei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 potest aliquid subtrahi, similiter neque a praedestinatione. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 nec de libro vitae potest aliquis deleri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29482"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 "ref">[29482] Iª q. 24 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 quidquid est in aliquo, est in eo per modum eius in quo est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 liber vitae est quid aeternum et immutabile. Ergo quidquid est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 eo, est ibi non temporaliter, sed immobiliter et indelebiliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29483"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 "ref">[29483] Iª q. 24 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 deletio Scripturae opponitur. Sed aliquis non potest de novo scribi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 in libro vitae. Ergo neque inde deleri potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29484"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 "ref">[29484] Iª q. 24 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 quod dicitur in Psalmo LXVIII, <i>deleantur de libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 viventium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 co."><a name="29485"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 "ref">[29485] Iª q. 24 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 quod quidam dicunt quod de libro vitae nullus potest deleri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 secundum rei veritatem, potest tamen aliquis deleri secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 opinionem hominum. Est enim consuetum in Scripturis ut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 dicatur fieri, quando innotescit. Et secundum hoc, aliqui dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 esse scripti in libro vitae, inquantum homines opinantur eos ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 scriptos, propter praesentem iustitiam quam in eis vident. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 quando apparet, vel in hoc seculo vel in futuro, quod ab hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 iustitia exciderunt, dicuntur inde deleri. Et sic etiam exponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 in Glossa deletio talis, super illud Psalmi LXVIII, <i>deleantur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 libro viventium</i>. Sed quia non deleri de libro vitae ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 inter praemia iustorum, secundum illud Apoc. III, <i>qui vicerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 sic vestietur vestimentis albis, et non delebo nomen eius de libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 vitae</i>; quod autem sanctis repromittitur, non est solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 hominum opinione; potest dici quod deleri vel non deleri de libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 vitae, non solum ad opinionem hominum referendum est, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 quantum ad rem. Est enim liber vitae conscriptio ordinatorum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 vitam aeternam. Ad quam ordinatur aliquis ex duobus, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 praedestinatione divina, et haec ordinatio nunquam deficit; et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 gratia. Quicumque enim gratiam habet, ex hoc ipso est dignus vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 aeterna. Et haec ordinatio deficit interdum, quia aliqui ordinati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 sunt ex gratia habita ad habendum vitam aeternam, a qua tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 deficiunt per peccatum mortale. Illi igitur qui sunt ordinati ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 habendum vitam aeternam ex praedestinatione divina, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 simpliciter scripti in libro vitae, quia sunt ibi scripti ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 habituri vitam aeternam in seipsa. Et isti nunquam delentur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 libro vitae. Sed illi qui sunt ordinati ad habendum vitam aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 non ex praedestinatione divina, sed solum ex gratia, dicuntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 scripti in libro vitae, non simpliciter, sed secundum quid, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 sunt ibi scripti ut habituri vitam aeternam, non in seipsa, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 sua causa. Et tales possunt deleri de libro vitae, ut deletio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 referatur ad notitiam Dei, quasi Deus aliquid praesciat, et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 nesciat; sed ad rem scitam, quia scilicet Deus scit aliquem prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 ordinari in vitam aeternam, et postea non ordinari, cum deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 gratia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29486"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 "ref">[29486] Iª q. 24 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 dicendum quod deletio, ut dictum est, non refertur ad librum vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 ex parte praescientiae, quasi in Deo sit aliqua mutabilitas, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 parte praescitorum, quae sunt mutabilia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29487"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 "ref">[29487] Iª q. 24 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 dicendum quod, licet res in Deo sint immutabiliter, tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 seipsis mutabiles sunt. Et ad hoc pertinet deletio libri vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 <p title="I q. 24 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29488"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 "ref">[29488] Iª q. 24 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 dicendum quod eo modo quo aliquis dicitur deleri de libro vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 potest dici quod ibi scribatur de novo; vel secundum opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 hominum, vel secundum quod de novo incipit habere ordinem ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 aeternam per gratiam. Quod etiam sub divina notitia comprehenditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 licet non de novo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 <div class="D">Quaestio 25</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 <p title="I q. 25 pr."><a name="29489"><span class="ref">[29489]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 Iª q. 25 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem divinae scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 et voluntatis, et eorum quae ad hoc pertinent, restat considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 de divina potentia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 Deo sit potentia. Secundo, utrum eius potentia sit infinita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 Tertio, utrum sit omnipotens. Quarto, utrum possit facere quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 quae sunt praeterita, non fuerint. Quinto, utrum Deus possit facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 quae non facit, vel praetermittere quae facit. Sexto, utrum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 facit, possit facere meliora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29490"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 "ref">[29490] Iª q. 25 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sit potentia. Sicut enim prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 materia se habet ad potentiam, ita Deus, qui est agens primum, se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 habet ad actum. Sed prima materia, secundum se considerata, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 absque omni actu. Ergo agens primum, quod est Deus, est absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 potentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29491"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 "ref">[29491] Iª q. 25 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 secundum philosophum, in IX Metaphys., qualibet potentia melior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 eius actus, nam forma est melior quam materia, et actio quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 potentia activa; est enim finis eius. Sed nihil est melius eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 est in Deo, quia quidquid est in Deo, est Deus, ut supra ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 est. Ergo nulla potentia est in Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29492"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 "ref">[29492] Iª q. 25 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 potentia est principium operationis. Sed operatio divina est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 essentia, cum in Deo nullum sit accidens. Essentiae autem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 non est aliquod principium. Ergo ratio potentiae Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 convenit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29493"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 "ref">[29493] Iª q. 25 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 ostensum est quod scientia Dei et voluntas eius sunt causa rerum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 Causa autem et principium idem sunt. Ergo non oportet in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 assignare potentiam, sed solum scientiam et voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29494"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 "ref">[29494] Iª q. 25 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 quod dicitur in Psalmo LXXXVIII, <i>potens es, domine, et veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 tua in circuitu tuo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 co."><a name="29495"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 "ref">[29495] Iª q. 25 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 quod duplex est potentia, scilicet passiva, quae nullo modo est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 Deo; et activa, quam oportet in Deo summe ponere. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 enim quod unumquodque, secundum quod est actu et perfectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 secundum hoc est principium activum alicuius, patitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 unumquodque, secundum quod est deficiens et imperfectum. Ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 est autem supra quod Deus est purus actus, et simpliciter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 universaliter perfectus; neque in eo aliqua imperfectio locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 habet. Unde sibi maxime competit esse principium activum, et nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 modo pati. Ratio autem activi principii convenit potentiae activae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 Nam potentia activa est principium agendi in aliud, potentia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 passiva est principium patiendi ab alio, ut philosophus dicit, V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 Metaphys. Relinquitur ergo quod in Deo maxime sit potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 activa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29496"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 "ref">[29496] Iª q. 25 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 dicendum quod potentia activa non dividitur contra actum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 fundatur in eo, nam unumquodque agit secundum quod est actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 Potentia vero passiva dividitur contra actum, nam unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 patitur secundum quod est in potentia. Unde haec potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 excluditur a Deo, non autem activa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29497"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 "ref">[29497] Iª q. 25 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 dicendum quod, quandocumque actus est aliud a potentia, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 quod actus sit nobilior potentia. Sed actio Dei non est aliud ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 eius potentia, sed utrumque est essentia divina, quia nec esse eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 est aliud ab eius essentia. Unde non oportet quod aliquid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 nobilius quam potentia Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29498"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 "ref">[29498] Iª q. 25 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 dicendum quod potentia in rebus creatis non solum est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 actionis, sed etiam effectus. Sic igitur in Deo salvatur ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 potentiae quantum ad hoc, quod est principium effectus, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 quantum ad hoc, quod est principium actionis, quae est divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 essentia. Nisi forte secundum modum intelligendi, prout divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 essentia, quae in se simpliciter praehabet quidquid perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 est in rebus creatis, potest intelligi et sub ratione actionis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 sub ratione potentiae; sicut etiam intelligitur et sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 suppositi habentis naturam, et sub ratione naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 <p title="I q. 25 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29499"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 "ref">[29499] Iª q. 25 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 dicendum quod potentia non ponitur in Deo ut aliquid differens a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 scientia et voluntate secundum rem, sed solum secundum rationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 inquantum scilicet potentia importat rationem principii exequentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 id quod voluntas imperat, et ad quod scientia dirigit; quae tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 Deo secundum idem conveniunt. Vel dicendum quod ipsa scientia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 voluntas divina, secundum quod est principium effectivum, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 rationem potentiae. Unde consideratio scientiae et voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 praecedit in Deo considerationem potentiae, sicut causa praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 operationem et effectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29500"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 "ref">[29500] Iª q. 25 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 proceditur. Videtur quod potentia Dei non sit infinita. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 infinitum est imperfectum, secundum philosophum, in III Physic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 potentia Dei non est imperfecta. Ergo non est infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29501"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 "ref">[29501] Iª q. 25 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 potentia manifestatur per effectum, alias frustra esset. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 potentia Dei esset infinita, posset facere effectum infinitum. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 est impossibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29502"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 "ref">[29502] Iª q. 25 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 philosophus probat in VIII Physic., quod si potentia alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 corporis esset infinita, moveret in instanti. Deus autem non movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 in instanti, sed movet creaturam spiritualem <i>per tempus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 creaturam vero corporalem per locum et tempus</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 Augustinum, VIII super Genesim ad litteram. Non ergo est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 potentia infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29503"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 "ref">[29503] Iª q. 25 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 quod dicit Hilarius, VIII de Trin., quod Deus est immensae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 virtutis, vivens, potens. Omne autem immensum est infinitum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 virtus divina est infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 co."><a name="29504"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 "ref">[29504] Iª q. 25 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 quod, sicut iam dictum est, secundum hoc potentia activa invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 in Deo, secundum quod ipse actu est. Esse autem eius est infinitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 inquantum non est limitatum per aliquid recipiens; ut patet per ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 quae supra dicta sunt, cum de infinitate divinae essentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 ageretur. Unde necesse est quod activa potentia Dei sit infinita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 In omnibus enim agentibus hoc invenitur, quod quanto aliquod agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 perfectius habet formam qua agit, tanto est maior eius potentia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 agendo. Sicut quanto est aliquid magis calidum, tanto habet maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 potentiam ad calefaciendum, et haberet utique potentiam infinitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 ad calefaciendum, si eius calor esset infinitus. Unde, cum ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 essentia divina, per quam Deus agit, sit infinita, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 ostensum est, sequitur quod eius potentia sit infinita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29505"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 "ref">[29505] Iª q. 25 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de infinito quod est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 materiae non terminatae per formam; cuiusmodi est infinitum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 congruit quantitati. Sic autem non est infinita divina essentia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 supra ostensum est; et per consequens nec eius potentia. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 sequitur quod sit imperfecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29506"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 "ref">[29506] Iª q. 25 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 dicendum quod potentia agentis univoci tota manifestatur in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 effectu, potentia enim generativa hominis nihil potest plus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 generare hominem. Sed potentia agentis non univoci non tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 manifestatur in sui effectus productione, sicut potentia solis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 tota manifestatur in productione alicuius animalis ex putrefactione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 generati. Manifestum est autem quod Deus non est agens univocum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 nihil enim aliud potest cum eo convenire neque in specie, neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 genere, ut supra ostensum est. Unde relinquitur quod effectus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 semper est minor quam potentia eius. Non ergo oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 manifestetur infinita potentia Dei in hoc, quod producat effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 infinitum. Et tamen, etiam si nullum effectum produceret, non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 Dei potentia frustra. Quia frustra est quod ordinatur ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 quem non attingit, potentia autem Dei non ordinatur ad effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 sicut ad finem, sed magis ipsa est finis sui effectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 <p title="I q. 25 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29507"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 "ref">[29507] Iª q. 25 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 dicendum quod philosophus in VIII Physic., probat, quod si aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 corpus haberet potentiam infinitam, quod moveret in non tempore. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 tamen ostendit, quod potentia motoris caeli est infinita, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 movere potest tempore infinito. Relinquitur ergo secundum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 intentionem, quod potentia infinita corporis si esset, moveret in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 non tempore, non autem potentia incorporei motoris. Cuius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 est, quia corpus movens aliud corpus, est agens univocum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 oportet quod tota potentia agentis manifestetur in motu. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 igitur quanto moventis corporis potentia est maior, tanto velocius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 movet, necesse est quod si fuerit infinita, moveat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 improportionabiliter citius, quod est movere in non tempore. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 movens incorporeum est agens non univocum. Unde non oportet, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 tota virtus eius manifestetur in motu ita, quod moveat in non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 tempore. Et praesertim, quia movet secundum dispositionem suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29508"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 "ref">[29508] Iª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit omnipotens. Moveri enim et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 pati aliquid omnium est. Sed hoc Deus non potest, est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 immobilis, ut supra dictum est. Non igitur est omnipotens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29509"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 "ref">[29509] Iª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 peccare aliquid agere est. Sed Deus non potest peccare, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 seipsum negare, ut dicitur II Tim. II. Ergo Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 omnipotens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29510"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 "ref">[29510] Iª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 Deo dicitur quod <i>omnipotentiam suam parcendo maxime et miserando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 manifestat</i>. Ultimum igitur quod potest divina potentia, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 parcere et misereri. Aliquid autem est multo maius quam parcere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 misereri; sicut creare alium mundum, vel aliquid huiusmodi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 Deus non est omnipotens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="29511"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 "ref">[29511] Iª q. 25 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 illud I Cor. I, <i>stultam fecit Deus sapientiam huius mundi</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 dicit Glossa, <i>sapientiam huius mundi fecit Deus stultam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 ostendendo possibile, quod illa impossibile iudicabat</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 videtur quod non sit aliquid iudicandum possibile vel impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 secundum inferiores causas, prout sapientia huius mundi iudicat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 sed secundum potentiam divinam. Si igitur Deus sit omnipotens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 omnia erunt possibilia. Nihil ergo impossibile. Sublato autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 impossibili, tollitur necessarium, nam quod necesse est esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 impossibile est non esse. Nihil ergo erit necessarium in rebus, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 Deus est omnipotens. Hoc autem est impossibile. Ergo Deus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 omnipotens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29512"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 "ref">[29512] Iª q. 25 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 quod dicitur Luc. I, <i>non erit impossibile apud Deum omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 verbum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 co."><a name="29513"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 "ref">[29513] Iª q. 25 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 quod communiter confitentur omnes Deum esse omnipotentem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 rationem omnipotentiae assignare videtur difficile. Dubium enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 potest esse quid comprehendatur sub ista distributione, cum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 omnia posse Deum. Sed si quis recte consideret, cum potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 dicatur ad possibilia, cum Deus omnia posse dicitur, nihil rectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 intelligitur quam quod possit omnia possibilia, et ob hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 omnipotens dicatur. Possibile autem dicitur dupliciter, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 philosophum, in V Metaphys. Uno modo, per respectum ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 potentiam, sicut quod subditur humanae potentiae, dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 possibile homini. Non autem potest dici quod Deus dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 omnipotens, quia potest omnia quae sunt possibilia naturae creatae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 quia divina potentia in plura extenditur. Si autem dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 Deus sit omnipotens, quia potest omnia quae sunt possibilia suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 potentiae, erit circulatio in manifestatione omnipotentiae, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 enim non erit aliud quam dicere quod Deus est omnipotens, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 potest omnia quae potest. Relinquitur igitur quod Deus dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 omnipotens, quia potest omnia possibilia absolute, quod est alter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 modus dicendi possibile. Dicitur autem aliquid possibile vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 impossibile absolute, ex habitudine terminorum, possibile quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 quia praedicatum non repugnat subiecto, ut Socratem sedere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 impossibile vero absolute, quia praedicatum repugnat subiecto, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 hominem esse asinum. Est autem considerandum quod, cum unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 agens agat sibi simile, unicuique potentiae activae correspondet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 possibile ut obiectum proprium, secundum rationem illius actus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 quo fundatur potentia activa, sicut potentia calefactiva refertur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 ut ad proprium obiectum, ad esse calefactibile. Esse autem divinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 super quod ratio divinae potentiae fundatur, est esse infinitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 non limitatum ad aliquod genus entis, sed praehabens in se totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 esse perfectionem. Unde quidquid potest habere rationem entis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 continetur sub possibilibus absolutis, respectu quorum Deus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 omnipotens. Nihil autem opponitur rationi entis, nisi non ens. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 igitur repugnat rationi possibilis absoluti, quod subditur divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 omnipotentiae, quod implicat in se esse et non esse simul. Hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 omnipotentiae non subditur, non propter defectum divinae potentiae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 sed quia non potest habere rationem factibilis neque possibilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 Quaecumque igitur contradictionem non implicant, sub illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 possibilibus continentur, respectu quorum dicitur Deus omnipotens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 Ea vero quae contradictionem implicant, sub divina omnipotentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 continentur, quia non possunt habere possibilium rationem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 convenientius dicitur quod non possunt fieri, quam quod Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 potest ea facere. Neque hoc est contra verbum Angeli dicentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 <i>non erit impossibile apud Deum omne verbum</i>. Id enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 contradictionem implicat, verbum esse non potest, quia nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 intellectus potest illud concipere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29514"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 "ref">[29514] Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 dicendum quod Deus dicitur omnipotens secundum potentiam activam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 non secundum potentiam passivam, ut dictum est. Unde, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 potest moveri et pati, non repugnat omnipotentiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29515"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 "ref">[29515] Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 dicendum quod peccare est deficere a perfecta actione, unde posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 peccare est posse deficere in agendo, quod repugnat omnipotentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 Et propter hoc, Deus peccare non potest, qui est omnipotens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 Quamvis philosophus dicat, in IV Topic., quod potest Deus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 studiosus prava agere. Sed hoc intelligitur vel sub conditione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 cuius antecedens sit impossibile, ut puta si dicamus quod potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 Deus prava agere si velit, nihil enim prohibet conditionalem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 veram, cuius antecedens et consequens est impossibile; sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 dicatur, si homo est asinus, habet quatuor pedes. Vel ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 intelligatur quod Deus potest aliqua agere, quae nunc prava
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 videntur; quae tamen si ageret, bona essent. Vel loquitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 communem opinionem gentilium, qui homines dicebant transferri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 deos, ut Iovem vel Mercurium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29516"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 "ref">[29516] Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 dicendum quod Dei omnipotentia ostenditur maxime in parcendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 miserando, quia per hoc ostenditur Deum habere summam potestatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 quod libere peccata dimittit, eius enim qui superioris legi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 astringitur, non est libere peccata condonare. Vel quia, parcendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 hominibus et miserando, perducit eos ad participationem infiniti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 boni, qui est ultimus effectus divinae virtutis. Vel quia, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 dictum est, effectus divinae misericordiae est fundamentum omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 divinorum operum, nihil enim debetur alicui nisi propter id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 est datum ei a Deo non debitum. In hoc autem maxime divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 omnipotentia manifestatur, quod ad ipsam pertinet prima institutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 omnium bonorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 <p title="I q. 25 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="29517"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 "ref">[29517] Iª q. 25 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 dicendum quod possibile absolutum non dicitur neque secundum causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 superiores, neque secundum causas inferiores sed secundum seipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 Possibile vero quod dicitur secundum aliquam potentiam, nominatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 possibile secundum proximam causam. Unde ea quae immediate nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 sunt fieri a Deo solo, ut creare, iustificare, et huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 dicuntur possibilia secundum causam superiorem, quae autem nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 sunt fieri a causis inferioribus, dicuntur possibilia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 causas inferiores. Nam secundum conditionem causae proximae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 effectus habet contingentiam vel necessitatem, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 In hoc autem reputatur stulta mundi sapientia, quod ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 impossibilia naturae, etiam Deo impossibilia iudicabat. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 patet quod omnipotentia Dei impossibilitatem et necessitatem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 rebus non excludit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29518"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 "ref">[29518] Iª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus possit facere quod praeterita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 fuerint. Quod enim est impossibile per se, magis est impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 quam quod est impossibile per accidens. Sed Deus potest facere id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 quod est impossibile per se, ut caecum illuminare, vel mortuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 resuscitare. Ergo multo magis potest Deus facere illud quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 impossibile per accidens. Sed praeterita non fuisse, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 impossibile per accidens, accidit enim Socratem non currere esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 impossibile, ex hoc quod praeteriit. Ergo Deus potest facere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 praeterita non fuerint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29519"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 "ref">[29519] Iª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 quidquid Deus facere potuit, potest, cum eius potentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 minuatur. Sed Deus potuit facere, antequam Socrates curreret, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 non curreret. Ergo, postquam cucurrit, potest Deus facere quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 cucurrerit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29520"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 "ref">[29520] Iª q. 25 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 caritas est maior virtus quam virginitas. Sed Deus potest reparare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 caritatem amissam. Ergo et virginitatem. Ergo potest facere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 illa quae corrupta fuit, non fuerit corrupta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29521"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 "ref">[29521] Iª q. 25 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 quod Hieronymus dicit, <i>cum Deus omnia possit, non potest de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 corrupta facere incorruptam</i>. Ergo eadem ratione non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 facere de quocumque alio praeterito quod non fuerit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 co."><a name="29522"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 "ref">[29522] Iª q. 25 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 quod, sicut supra dictum est, sub omnipotentia Dei non cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 aliquid quod contradictionem implicat. Praeterita autem non fuisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 contradictionem implicat. Sicut enim contradictionem implicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 dicere quod Socrates sedet et non sedet, ita, quod sederit et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 sederit. Dicere autem quod sederit, est dicere quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 praeteritum, dicere autem quod non sederit, est dicere quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 fuerit. Unde praeterita non fuisse, non subiacet divinae potentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, <i>quisquis ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 dicit, si Deus omnipotens est, faciat ut quae facta sunt, facta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 fuerint, non videt hoc se dicere, si Deus omnipotens est, faciat ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 ea quae vera sunt, eo ipso quod vera sunt, falsa sint</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod <i>hoc solo privatur Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 ingenita facere quae sunt facta</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29523"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 "ref">[29523] Iª q. 25 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 dicendum quod, licet praeterita non fuisse sit impossibile per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 accidens, si consideretur id quod est praeteritum, idest cursus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 Socratis; tamen, si consideretur praeteritum sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 praeteriti, ipsum non fuisse est impossibile non solum per se, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 absolute, contradictionem implicans. Et sic est magis impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 quam mortuum resurgere, quod non implicat contradictionem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 dicitur impossibile secundum aliquam potentiam, scilicet naturalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 Talia enim impossibilia divinae potentiae subduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29524"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 "ref">[29524] Iª q. 25 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 dicendum quod sicut Deus, quantum est ad perfectionem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 potentiae, omnia potest, sed quaedam non subiacent eius potentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 quia deficiunt a ratione possibilium; ita, si attendatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 immutabilitas divinae potentiae, quidquid Deus potuit, potest;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 aliqua tamen olim habuerunt rationem possibilium, dum erant fienda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 quae iam deficiunt a ratione possibilium, dum sunt facta. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 dicitur Deus ea non posse, quia ea non possunt fieri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 <p title="I q. 25 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29525"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 "ref">[29525] Iª q. 25 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 dicendum quod omnem corruptionem mentis et corporis Deus auferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 potest a muliere corrupta, hoc tamen ab ea removeri non poterit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 quod corrupta non fuerit. Sicut etiam ab aliquo peccatore auferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 non potest quod non peccaverit, et quod caritatem non amiserit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="29526"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 "ref">[29526] Iª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit facere nisi ea quae facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 Deus enim non potest facere quae non praescivit et praeordinavit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 facturum. Sed non praescivit neque praeordinavit se facturum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 ea quae facit. Ergo non potest facere nisi ea quae facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="29527"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 "ref">[29527] Iª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 non potest facere nisi quod debet, et quod iustum est fieri. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 Deus non debet facere quae non facit, nec iustum est ut faciat quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 non facit. Ergo Deus non potest facere nisi quae facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="29528"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 "ref">[29528] Iª q. 25 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 non potest facere nisi quod bonum est, et conveniens rebus factis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 Sed rebus factis a Deo non est bonum nec conveniens aliter esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 quam sint. Ergo Deus non potest facere nisi quae facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 s. c."><a name="29529"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 "ref">[29529] Iª q. 25 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 quod dicitur Matt. XXVI, <i>an non possum rogare patrem meum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 exhibebit mihi modo plus quam duodecim legiones Angelorum?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 Neque autem ipse rogabat, neque pater exhibebat ad repugnandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 Iudaeis. Ergo Deus potest facere quod non facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 co."><a name="29530"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 "ref">[29530] Iª q. 25 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 quod circa hoc quidam dupliciter erraverunt. Quidam enim posuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 Deum agere quasi ex necessitate naturae; ut sicut ex actione rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 naturalium non possunt alia provenire nisi quae eveniunt, utpote ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 semine hominis homo, ex semine olivae oliva; ita ex operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 divina non possint aliae res, vel alius ordo rerum effluere, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 sicut nunc est. Sed supra ostendimus Deum non agere quasi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 necessitate naturae, sed voluntatem eius esse omnium rerum causam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 neque etiam ipsam voluntatem naturaliter et ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 determinari ad has res. Unde nullo modo iste cursus rerum sic ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 necessitate a Deo provenit, quod alia provenire non possent. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 vero dixerunt quod potentia divina determinatur ad hunc cursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 rerum, propter ordinem sapientiae et iustitiae divinae, sine quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 Deus nihil operatur. Cum autem potentia Dei, quae est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 essentia, non sit aliud quam Dei sapientia, convenienter quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 dici potest quod nihil sit in Dei potentia, quod non sit in ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 divinae sapientiae, nam divina sapientia totum posse potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 comprehendit. Sed tamen ordo a divina sapientia rebus inditus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 quo ratio iustitiae consistit, ut supra dictum est, non adaequat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 divinam sapientiam, sic ut divina sapientia limitetur ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 ordinem. Manifestum est enim quod tota ratio ordinis, quam sapiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 rebus a se factis imponit, a fine sumitur. Quando igitur finis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 proportionatus rebus propter finem factis, sapientia facientis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 limitatur ad aliquem determinatum ordinem. Sed divina bonitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 finis improportionabiliter excedens res creatas. Unde divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 sapientia non determinatur ad aliquem certum ordinem rerum, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 possit alius cursus rerum ab ipsa effluere. Unde dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 simpliciter quod Deus potest alia facere quam quae facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="29531"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 "ref">[29531] Iª q. 25 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 dicendum quod in nobis, in quibus est aliud potentia et essentia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 voluntate et intellectu, et iterum intellectus aliud a sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 et voluntas aliud a iustitia, potest esse aliquid in potentia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 non potest esse in voluntate iusta, vel in intellectu sapiente. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 in Deo est idem potentia et essentia et voluntas et intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 sapientia et iustitia. Unde nihil potest esse in potentia divina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 quod non possit esse in voluntate iusta ipsius, et in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 sapiente eius. Tamen, quia voluntas non determinatur ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 ad haec vel illa, nisi forte ex suppositione, ut supra dictum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 neque sapientia Dei et iustitia determinantur ad hunc ordinem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 supra dictum est; nihil prohibet esse aliquid in potentia Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 non vult, et quod non continetur sub ordine quem statuit rebus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 quia potentia intelligitur ut exequens, voluntas autem ut imperans,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 et intellectus et sapientia ut dirigens, quod attribuitur potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 secundum se consideratae, dicitur Deus posse secundum potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 absolutam. Et huiusmodi est omne illud in quo potest salvari ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 entis, ut supra dictum est. Quod autem attribuitur potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 divinae secundum quod exequitur imperium voluntatis iustae, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 dicitur Deus posse facere de potentia ordinata. Secundum hoc ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 dicendum est quod Deus potest alia facere, de potentia absoluta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 quam quae praescivit et praeordinavit se facturum, non tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 esse quod aliqua faciat, quae non praesciverit et praeordinaverit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 se facturum. Quia ipsum facere subiacet praescientiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 praeordinationi, non autem ipsum posse, quod est naturale. Ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 enim Deus aliquid facit, quia vult, non tamen ideo potest, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 vult, sed quia talis est in sua natura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="29532"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 "ref">[29532] Iª q. 25 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 dicendum quod Deus non debet aliquid alicui nisi sibi. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 dicitur quod Deus non potest facere nisi quod debet nihil aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 significatur nisi quod Deus non potest facere nisi quod ei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 conveniens et iustum. Sed hoc quod dico conveniens et iustum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, sic quod hoc quod dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 conveniens et iustum, prius intelligatur coniungi cum hoc verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 est, ita quod restringatur ad standum pro praesentibus; et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 referatur ad potentiam. Et sic falsum est quod dicitur, est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 sensus, Deus non potest facere nisi quod modo conveniens est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 iustum. Si vero prius coniungatur cum hoc verbo potest, quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 vim ampliandi, et postmodum cum hoc verbo est, significabitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 quoddam praesens confusum, et erit locutio vera, sub hoc sensu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 Deus non potest facere nisi id quod, si faceret, esset conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 et iustum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 <p title="I q. 25 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="29533"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 "ref">[29533] Iª q. 25 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 dicendum quod, licet iste cursus rerum sit determinatus istis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 quae nunc sunt, non tamen ad hunc cursum limitatur divina sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 et potestas. Unde, licet istis rebus quae nunc sunt, nullus alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 cursus esset bonus et conveniens, tamen Deus posset alias res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 facere, et alium eis imponere ordinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="29534"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 "ref">[29534] Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit meliora facere ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 facit. Quidquid enim Deus facit, potentissime et sapientissime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 facit. Sed tanto fit aliquid melius, quanto fit potentius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 sapientius. Ergo Deus non potest aliquid facere melius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="29535"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 "ref">[29535] Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 Augustinus, contra Maximinum, sic argumentatur, <i>si Deus potuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 et noluit, gignere filium sibi aequalem, invidus fuit</i>. Eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 ratione, si Deus potuit res meliores facere quam fecerit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 noluit, invidus fuit. Sed invidia est omnino relegata a Deo. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 Deus unumquodque fecit optimum. Non ergo Deus potest aliquid facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 melius quam fecit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="29536"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 "ref">[29536] Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 quod est maxime et valde bonum, non potest melius fieri, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 maximo nihil est maius. Sed, sicut Augustinus dicit in Enchirid.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 <i>bona sunt singula quae Deus fecit, sed simul universa valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 bona, quia ex omnibus consistit universitatis admirabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 pulchritudo</i>. Ergo bonum universi non potest melius fieri a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="29537"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 "ref">[29537] Iª q. 25 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 Christus est plenus gratia et veritate, et spiritum habet non ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 mensuram, et sic non potest esse melior. Beatitudo etiam creata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 dicitur esse summum bonum, et sic non potest esse melius. Beata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 etiam virgo Maria est super omnes choros Angelorum exaltata, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 non potest esse melior. Non igitur omnia quae fecit Deus, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 facere meliora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 s. c."><a name="29538"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 "ref">[29538] Iª q. 25 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 quod dicitur ad Ephes. III, quod <i>Deus potens est omnia facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 abundantius quam petimus aut intelligimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 co."><a name="29539"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 "ref">[29539] Iª q. 25 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 quod bonitas alicuius rei est duplex. Una quidem, quae est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 essentia rei; sicut esse rationale est de essentia hominis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 quantum ad hoc bonum, Deus non potest facere aliquam rem meliorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 quam ipsa sit, licet possit facere aliquam aliam ea meliorem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 etiam non potest facere quaternarium maiorem, quia, si esset maior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 iam non esset quaternarius, sed alius numerus. Sic enim se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 additio differentiae substantialis in definitionibus, sicut additio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 unitatis in numeris, ut dicitur in VIII Metaphys. Alia bonitas est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 quae est extra essentiam rei; sicut bonum hominis est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 virtuosum vel sapientem. Et secundum tale bonum, potest Deus res a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 se factas facere meliores. Simpliciter autem loquendo, qualibet re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 a se facta potest Deus facere aliam meliorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="29540"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 "ref">[29540] Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 dicendum quod, cum dicitur Deum posse aliquid facere melius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 facit, si ly melius sit nomen, verum est, qualibet enim re potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 facere aliam meliorem. Eandem vero potest facere meliorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 quodammodo, et quodammodo non, sicut dictum est. Si vero ly melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 sit adverbium, et importet modum ex parte facientis, sic Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 potest facere melius quam sicut facit, quia non potest facere ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 maiori sapientia et bonitate. Si autem importet modum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 facti, sic potest facere melius, quia potest dare rebus a se factis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 meliorem modum essendi quantum ad accidentalia, licet non quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 ad essentialia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="29541"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 "ref">[29541] Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 dicendum quod de ratione filii est quod aequetur patri, cum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 perfectum venerit, non est autem de ratione creaturae alicuius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 quod sit melior quam a Deo facta est. Unde non est similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="29542"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 "ref">[29542] Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 dicendum quod universum, suppositis istis rebus, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 melius; propter decentissimum ordinem his rebus attributum a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 in quo bonum universi consistit. Quorum si unum aliquod esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 melius, corrumperetur proportio ordinis, sicut, si una chorda plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 debito intenderetur, corrumperetur citharae melodia. Posset tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 Deus alias res facere, vel alias addere istis rebus factis, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 esset illud universum melius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 <p title="I q. 25 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="29543"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 "ref">[29543] Iª q. 25 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 dicendum quod humanitas Christi ex hoc quod est unita Deo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 beatitudo creata ex hoc quod est fruitio Dei, et beata virgo ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 quod est mater Dei, habent quandam dignitatem infinitam, ex bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 infinito quod est Deus. Et ex hac parte non potest aliquid fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 melius eis, sicut non potest aliquid melius esse Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 <div class="D">Quaestio 26</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 <p title="I q. 26 pr."><a name="29544"><span class="ref">[29544]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 Iª q. 26 pr.</span></a> Ultimo autem, post considerationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 eorum quae ad divinae essentiae unitatem pertinent, considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 est de divina beatitudine. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 utrum beatitudo Deo competat. Secundo, secundum quid dicitur Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 esse beatus, utrum secundum actum intellectus. Tertio, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 essentialiter beatitudo cuiuslibet beati. Quarto, utrum in eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 beatitudine omnis beatitudo includatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 <p title="I q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29545"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 "ref">[29545] Iª q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 proceditur. Videtur quod beatitudo Deo non conveniat. <i>Beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 enim</i>, secundum Boetium, in III de Consol., <i>est status omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 bonorum aggregatione perfectus</i>. Sed aggregatio bonorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 habet locum in Deo, sicut nec compositio. Ergo Deo non convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 beatitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 <p title="I q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29546"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 "ref">[29546] Iª q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 beatitudo, sive felicitas, est praemium virtutis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 philosophum, in I Ethic. Sed Deo non convenit praemium, sicut nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 meritum. Ergo nec beatitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 <p title="I q. 26 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29547"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 "ref">[29547] Iª q. 26 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 quod dicit apostolus, I ad Tim. ultimo, <i>quem suis temporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 ostendet Deus beatus et solus potens, rex regum et dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 dominantium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 <p title="I q. 26 a. 1 co."><a name="29548"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 "ref">[29548] Iª q. 26 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 quod beatitudo maxime Deo competit. Nihil enim aliud sub nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 beatitudinis intelligitur, nisi bonum perfectum intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 naturae; cuius est suam sufficientiam cognoscere in bono quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 habet; et cui competit ut ei contingat aliquid vel bene vel male,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 et sit suarum operationum domina. Utrumque autem istorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 excellentissime Deo convenit, scilicet perfectum esse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 intelligentem. Unde beatitudo maxime convenit Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 <p title="I q. 26 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29549"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 "ref">[29549] Iª q. 26 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 dicendum quod aggregatio bonorum est in Deo non per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 compositionis, sed per modum simplicitatis, quia quae in creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 multiplicia sunt, in Deo praeexistunt simpliciter et unite, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 <p title="I q. 26 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29550"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 "ref">[29550] Iª q. 26 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 dicendum quod esse praemium virtutis accidit beatitudini vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 felicitati, inquantum aliquis beatitudinem acquirit, sicut esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 terminum generationis accidit enti, inquantum exit de potentia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 actum. Sicut igitur Deus habet esse, quamvis non generetur; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 habet beatitudinem, quamvis non mereatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 <p title="I q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29551"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 "ref">[29551] Iª q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non dicatur beatus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 intellectum. Beatitudo enim est summum bonum. Sed bonum dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 Deo secundum essentiam, quia bonum respicit esse, quod est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 essentiam, secundum Boetium, in libro de Hebdomad. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 beatitudo dicitur in Deo secundum essentiam, et non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 <p title="I q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29552"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 "ref">[29552] Iª q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 beatitudo habet rationem finis. Finis autem est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 voluntatis, sicut et bonum. Ergo beatitudo dicitur in Deo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 voluntatem, et non secundum intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 <p title="I q. 26 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29553"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 "ref">[29553] Iª q. 26 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 quod Gregorius dicit, XXXII Moralium, <i>ipse gloriosus est, qui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 dum seipso perfruitur, accedentis laudis indigens non est</i>. Esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 autem gloriosum significat esse beatum. Cum igitur Deo fruamur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 secundum intellectum, quia visio est tota merces, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 Augustinus, videtur quod beatitudo dicatur in Deo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 <p title="I q. 26 a. 2 co."><a name="29554"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 "ref">[29554] Iª q. 26 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 quod beatitudo, sicut dictum est, significat bonum perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 intellectualis naturae. Et inde est quod, sicut unaquaeque res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 appetit suam perfectionem, ita et intellectualis natura naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 appetit esse beata. Id autem quod est perfectissimum in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 intellectuali natura, est intellectualis operatio, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 capit quodammodo omnia. Unde cuiuslibet intellectualis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 creatae beatitudo consistit in intelligendo. In Deo autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 aliud esse et intelligere secundum rem, sed tantum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 intelligentiae rationem. Attribuenda ergo est Deo beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 secundum intellectum, sicut et aliis beatis, qui per assimilationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 ad beatitudinem ipsius, beati dicuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 <p title="I q. 26 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29555"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 "ref">[29555] Iª q. 26 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 dicendum quod ex illa ratione probatur quod Deus sit beatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 secundum suam essentiam, non autem quod beatitudo ei conveniat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 secundum rationem essentiae, sed magis secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 <p title="I q. 26 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29556"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 "ref">[29556] Iª q. 26 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 dicendum quod beatitudo, cum sit bonum, est obiectum voluntatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 Obiectum autem praeintelligitur actui potentiae. Unde, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 modum intelligendi, prius est beatitudo divina, quam actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 voluntatis in ea requiescentis. Et hoc non potest esse nisi actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 intellectus. Unde in actu intellectus attenditur beatitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 <p title="I q. 26 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29557"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 "ref">[29557] Iª q. 26 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit beatitudo cuiuslibet beati. Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 enim est summum bonum, ut supra ostensum est. Impossibile est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 esse plura summa bona, ut etiam ex superioribus patet. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 de ratione beatitudinis sit, quod sit summum bonum, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 beatitudo non sit aliud quam Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 <p title="I q. 26 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29558"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 "ref">[29558] Iª q. 26 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 beatitudo est finis rationalis naturae ultimus. Sed esse ultimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 finem rationalis naturae, soli Deo convenit. Ergo beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 cuiuslibet beati est solus Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 <p title="I q. 26 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29559"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 "ref">[29559] Iª q. 26 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 beatitudo unius est maior beatitudine alterius, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 Cor. XV, <i>stella differt a stella in claritate</i>. Sed Deo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 est maius. Ergo beatitudo est aliquid aliud quam Deus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 <p title="I q. 26 a. 3 co."><a name="29560"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 "ref">[29560] Iª q. 26 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 quod beatitudo intellectualis naturae consistit in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 intellectus. In quo duo possunt considerari, scilicet obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 actus, quod est intelligibile; et ipse actus, qui est intelligere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 Si igitur beatitudo consideretur ex parte ipsius obiecti, sic solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 Deus est beatitudo, quia ex hoc solo est aliquis beatus, quod Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 intelligit; secundum illud Augustini, in V libro Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 <i>beatus est qui te novit, etiam si alia ignoret</i>. Sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 actus intelligentis, beatitudo est quid creatum in creaturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 beatis, in Deo autem est etiam secundum hoc, aliquid increatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 <p title="I q. 26 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29561"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 "ref">[29561] Iª q. 26 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 dicendum quod beatitudo, quantum ad obiectum, est summum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 simpliciter, sed quantum ad actum, in creaturis beatis, est summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 bonum, non simpliciter, sed in genere bonorum participabilium a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 creatura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 <p title="I q. 26 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29562"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 "ref">[29562] Iª q. 26 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 dicendum quod finis est duplex, scilicet cuius et quo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 philosophus dicit, scilicet ipsa res, et usus rei, sicut avaro est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 finis pecunia, et acquisitio pecuniae. Creaturae igitur rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 est quidem Deus finis ultimus ut res; beatitudo autem creata ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 usus, vel magis fruitio, rei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 <p title="I q. 26 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29563"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 "ref">[29563] Iª q. 26 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 proceditur. Videtur quod beatitudo divina non complectatur omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 beatitudines. Sunt enim quaedam beatitudines falsae. Sed in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 nihil potest esse falsum. Ergo divina beatitudo non complectitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5976 omnem beatitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5977 <p title="I q. 26 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29564"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5978 "ref">[29564] Iª q. 26 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5979 quaedam beatitudo, secundum quosdam, consistit in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5980 corporalibus, sicut in voluptatibus, divitiis, et huiusmodi, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5981 quidem Deo convenire non possunt, cum sit incorporeus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5982 beatitudo eius non complectitur omnem beatitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5983 <p title="I q. 26 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29565"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5984 "ref">[29565] Iª q. 26 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5985 quod beatitudo est perfectio quaedam. Divina autem perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5986 complectitur omnem perfectionem, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5987 beatitudo complectitur omnem beatitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5988 <p title="I q. 26 a. 4 co."><a name="29566"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5989 "ref">[29566] Iª q. 26 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5990 quod quidquid est desiderabile in quacumque beatitudine, vel vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5991 vel falsa, totum eminentius in divina beatitudine praeexistit. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5992 contemplativa enim felicitate, habet continuam et certissimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5993 contemplationem sui et omnium aliorum, de activa vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5994 gubernationem totius universi. De terrena vero felicitate, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5995 consistit in voluptate, divitiis, potestate, dignitate et fama,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5996 secundum Boetium, in III de Consol., habet gaudium de se et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5997 omnibus aliis, pro delectatione, pro divitiis, habet omnimodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5998 sufficientiam, quam divitiae promittunt, pro potestate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5999 omnipotentiam, pro dignitate, omnium regimen, pro fama vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6000 admirationem totius creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6001 <p title="I q. 26 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29567"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6002 "ref">[29567] Iª q. 26 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6003 dicendum quod beatitudo aliqua secundum hoc est falsa, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6004 quod deficit a ratione verae beatitudinis, et sic non est in Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6005 Sed quidquid habet de similitudine, quantumcumque tenui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6006 beatitudinis, totum praeexistit in divina beatitudine.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6007 <p title="I q. 26 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29568"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6008 "ref">[29568] Iª q. 26 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6009 dicendum quod bona quae sunt in corporalibus corporaliter, in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6010 sunt spiritualiter, secundum modum suum. Et haec dicta sufficiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6011 de his quae pertinent ad divinae essentiae unitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6012 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6013 <div class="D">Quaestio 27</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6014 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6015 <p title="I q. 27 pr."><a name="29569"><span class="ref">[29569]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6016 Iª q. 27 pr.</span></a> Consideratis autem his quae ad divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6017 essentiae unitatem pertinent, restat considerare de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6018 pertinent ad Trinitatem personarum in divinis. Et quia personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6019 divinae secundum relationes originis distinguuntur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6020 ordinem doctrinae prius considerandum est de origine, sive de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6021 processione, secundo, de relationibus originis; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6022 personis. Circa processionem quaeruntur quinque. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6023 processio sit in divinis. Secundo, utrum aliqua processio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6024 divinis generatio dici possit. Tertio, utrum praeter generationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6025 aliqua alia processio possit esse in divinis. Quarto, utrum illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6026 alia processio possit dici generatio. Quinto, utrum in divinis sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6027 plures processiones quam duae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6028 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6029 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6030 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29570"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6031 "ref">[29570] Iª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6032 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non possit esse aliqua processio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6033 Processio enim significat motum ad extra. Sed in divinis nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6034 mobile, neque extraneum. Ergo neque processio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6035 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29571"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6036 "ref">[29571] Iª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6037 procedens est diversum ab eo a quo procedit. Sed in Deo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6038 aliqua diversitas, sed summa simplicitas. Ergo in Deo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6039 processio aliqua.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6040 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29572"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6041 "ref">[29572] Iª q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6042 procedere ab alio videtur rationi primi principii repugnare. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6043 Deus est primum principium, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6044 processio locum non habet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6045 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29573"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6046 "ref">[29573] Iª q. 27 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6047 quod dicit dominus, Ioan. VIII, <i>ego ex Deo processi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6048 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 co."><a name="29574"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6049 "ref">[29574] Iª q. 27 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6050 quod divina Scriptura, in rebus divinis, nominibus ad processionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6051 pertinentibus utitur. Hanc autem processionem diversi diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6052 acceperunt. Quidam enim acceperunt hanc processionem secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6053 effectus procedit a causa. Et sic accepit Arius, dicens filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6054 procedere a patre sicut primam eius creaturam, et spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6055 procedere a patre et filio sicut creaturam utriusque. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6056 hoc, neque filius neque spiritus sanctus esset verus Deus. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6057 contra id quod dicitur de filio, I Ioan. ult., <i>ut simus in vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6058 filio eius, hic est verus Deus</i>. Et de spiritu sancto dicitur, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6059 Cor. VI, <i>nescitis quia membra vestra templum sunt spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6060 sancti?</i> Templum autem habere solius Dei est. Alii vero hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6061 processionem acceperunt secundum quod causa dicitur procedere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6062 effectum, inquantum vel movet ipsum, vel similitudinem suam ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6063 imprimit. Et sic accepit Sabellius, dicens ipsum Deum patrem filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6064 dici, secundum quod carnem assumpsit ex virgine. Et eundem dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6065 spiritum sanctum, secundum quod creaturam rationalem sanctificat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6066 et ad vitam movet. Huic autem acceptioni repugnant verba domini de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6067 se dicentis, Ioan. V, <i>non potest facere a se filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6068 quidquam</i>; et multa alia, per quae ostenditur quod non est ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6069 pater qui filius. Si quis autem diligenter consideret, uterque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6070 accepit processionem secundum quod est ad aliquid extra, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6071 neuter posuit processionem in ipso Deo. Sed, cum omnis processio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6072 sit secundum aliquam actionem, sicut secundum actionem quae tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6073 in exteriorem materiam, est aliqua processio ad extra; ita secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6074 actionem quae manet in ipso agente, attenditur processio quaedam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6075 intra. Et hoc maxime patet in intellectu, cuius actio, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6076 intelligere, manet in intelligente. Quicumque enim intelligit, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6077 hoc ipso quod intelligit, procedit aliquid intra ipsum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6078 conceptio rei intellectae, ex vi intellectiva proveniens, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6079 eius notitia procedens. Quam quidem conceptionem vox significat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6080 dicitur verbum cordis, significatum verbo vocis. Cum autem Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6081 super omnia, ea quae in Deo dicuntur, non sunt intelligenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6082 secundum modum infimarum creaturarum, quae sunt corpora; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6083 secundum similitudinem supremarum creaturarum, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6084 intellectuales substantiae; a quibus etiam similitudo accepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6085 deficit a repraesentatione divinorum. Non ergo accipienda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6086 processio secundum quod est in corporalibus, vel per motum localem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6087 vel per actionem alicuius causae in exteriorem effectum, ut calor a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6088 calefaciente in calefactum; sed secundum emanationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6089 intelligibilem, utpote verbi intelligibilis a dicente, quod manet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6090 in ipso. Et sic fides Catholica processionem ponit in divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6091 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29575"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6092 "ref">[29575] Iª q. 27 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6093 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de processione quae est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6094 localis, vel quae est secundum actionem tendentem in exteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6095 materiam, vel in exteriorem effectum, talis autem processio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6096 in divinis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6097 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29576"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6098 "ref">[29576] Iª q. 27 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6099 dicendum quod id quod procedit secundum processionem quae est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6100 extra, oportet esse diversum ab eo a quo procedit. Sed id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6101 procedit ad intra processu intelligibili, non oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6102 diversum, imo, quanto perfectius procedit, tanto magis est unum cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6103 eo a quo procedit. Manifestum est enim quod quanto aliquid magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6104 intelligitur, tanto conceptio intellectualis est magis intima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6105 intelligenti, et magis unum, nam intellectus secundum hoc quod actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6106 intelligit, secundum hoc fit unum cum intellecto. Unde, cum divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6107 intelligere sit in fine perfectionis, ut supra dictum est, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6108 est quod verbum divinum sit perfecte unum cum eo a quo procedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6109 absque omni diversitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6110 <p title="I q. 27 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29577"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6111 "ref">[29577] Iª q. 27 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6112 dicendum quod procedere a principio ut extraneum et diversum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6113 repugnat rationi primi principii, sed procedere ut intimum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6114 absque diversitate, per modum intelligibilem, includitur in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6115 primi principii. Cum enim dicimus aedificatorem principium domus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6116 in ratione huius principii includitur conceptio suae artis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6117 includeretur in ratione primi principii, si aedificator esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6118 primum principium. Deus autem, qui est primum principium rerum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6119 comparatur ad res creatas ut artifex ad artificiata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6120 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6121 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6122 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29578"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6123 "ref">[29578] Iª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6124 proceditur. Videtur quod processio quae est in divinis, non possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6125 dici generatio. Generatio enim est mutatio de non esse in esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6126 corruptioni opposita; et utriusque subiectum est materia. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6127 horum competit divinis. Ergo non potest generatio esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6128 divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6129 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29579"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6130 "ref">[29579] Iª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6131 Deo est processio secundum modum intelligibilem, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6132 in nobis talis processio non dicitur generatio. Ergo neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6133 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6134 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29580"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6135 "ref">[29580] Iª q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6136 genitum accipit esse a generante. Esse ergo cuiuslibet geniti est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6137 esse receptum. Sed nullum esse receptum est per se subsistens. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6138 igitur esse divinum sit esse per se subsistens, ut supra probatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6139 est, sequitur quod nullius geniti esse sit esse divinum. Non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6140 ergo generatio in divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6141 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29581"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6142 "ref">[29581] Iª q. 27 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6143 quod dicitur in Psalmo II, <i>ego hodie genui te</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6144 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 co."><a name="29582"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6145 "ref">[29582] Iª q. 27 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6146 quod processio verbi in divinis dicitur generatio. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6147 evidentiam, sciendum est quod nomine generationis dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6148 utimur. Uno modo, communiter ad omnia generabilia et corruptibilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6149 et sic generatio nihil aliud est quam mutatio de non esse ad esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6150 Alio modo, proprie in viventibus, et sic generatio significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6151 originem alicuius viventis a principio vivente coniuncto. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6152 proprie dicitur nativitas. Non tamen omne huiusmodi dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6153 genitum, sed proprie quod procedit secundum rationem similitudinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6154 Unde pilus vel capillus non habet rationem geniti et filii, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6155 solum quod procedit secundum rationem similitudinis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6156 cuiuscumque, nam vermes qui generantur in animalibus, non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6157 rationem generationis et filiationis, licet sit similitudo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6158 genus, sed requiritur ad rationem talis generationis, quod procedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6159 secundum rationem similitudinis in natura eiusdem speciei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6160 homo procedit ab homine, et equus ab equo. In viventibus autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6161 de potentia in actum vitae procedunt, sicut sunt homines et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6162 animalia, generatio utramque generationem includit. Si autem sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6163 aliquod vivens cuius vita non exeat de potentia in actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6164 processio, si qua in tali vivente invenitur, excludit omnino primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6165 rationem generationis; sed potest habere rationem generationis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6166 est propria viventium. Sic igitur processio verbi in divinis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6167 rationem generationis. Procedit enim per modum intelligibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6168 actionis, quae est operatio vitae, et a principio coniuncto, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6169 supra iam dictum est, et secundum rationem similitudinis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6170 conceptio intellectus est similitudo rei intellectae, et in eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6171 natura existens, quia in Deo idem est intelligere et esse, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6172 ostensum est. Unde processio verbi in divinis dicitur generatio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6173 ipsum verbum procedens dicitur filius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6174 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29583"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6175 "ref">[29583] Iª q. 27 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6176 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de generatione secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6177 rationem primam, prout importat exitum de potentia in actum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6178 non invenitur in divinis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6179 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29584"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6180 "ref">[29584] Iª q. 27 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6181 dicendum quod intelligere in nobis non est ipsa substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6182 intellectus, unde verbum quod secundum intelligibilem operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6183 procedit in nobis, non est eiusdem naturae cum eo a quo procedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6184 Unde non proprie et complete competit sibi ratio generationis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6185 intelligere divinum est ipsa substantia intelligentis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6186 ostensum est, unde verbum procedens procedit ut eiusdem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6187 subsistens. Et propter hoc proprie dicitur genitum et filius. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6188 et his quae pertinent ad generationem viventium, utitur Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6189 ad significandam processionem divinae sapientiae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6190 conceptione et partu, dicitur enim ex persona divinae sapientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6191 Proverb. VIII, <i>nondum erant abyssi, et ego iam concepta eram;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6192 ante colles ego parturiebar</i>. Sed in intellectu nostro utimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6193 nomine conceptionis, secundum quod in verbo nostri intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6194 invenitur similitudo rei intellectae, licet non inveniatur naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6195 identitas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6196 <p title="I q. 27 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29585"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6197 "ref">[29585] Iª q. 27 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6198 dicendum quod non omne acceptum est receptum in aliquo subiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6199 alioquin non posset dici quod tota substantia rei creatae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6200 accepta a Deo, cum totius substantiae non sit aliquod subiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6201 receptivum. Sic igitur id quod est genitum in divinis, accipit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6202 a generante, non tanquam illud esse sit receptum in aliqua materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6203 vel subiecto (quod repugnat subsistentiae divini esse); sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6204 secundum hoc dicitur esse acceptum, inquantum procedens ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6205 habet esse divinum, non quasi aliud ab esse divino existens. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6206 ipsa enim perfectione divini esse continetur et verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6207 intelligibiliter procedens, et principium verbi; sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6208 quaecumque ad eius perfectionem pertinent, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6209 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6210 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6211 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29586"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6212 "ref">[29586] Iª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6213 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit in divinis alia processio a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6214 generatione verbi. Eadem enim ratione erit aliqua alia processio ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6215 illa alia processione, et sic procederetur in infinitum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6216 inconveniens. Standum est igitur in primo, ut sit una tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6217 processio in divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6218 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29587"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6219 "ref">[29587] Iª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6220 omni natura invenitur tantum unus modus communicationis illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6221 naturae, et hoc ideo est, quia operationes secundum terminos habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6222 unitatem et diversitatem. Sed processio in divinis non est nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6223 secundum communicationem divinae naturae. Cum igitur sit una tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6224 natura divina, ut supra ostensum est, relinquitur quod una sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6225 tantum processio in divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6226 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29588"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6227 "ref">[29588] Iª q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6228 sit in divinis alia processio ab intelligibili processione verbi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6229 non erit nisi processio amoris, quae est secundum voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6230 operationem. Sed talis processio non potest esse alia a processione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6231 intellectus intelligibili, quia voluntas in Deo non est aliud ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6232 intellectu, ut supra ostensum est. Ergo in Deo non est alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6233 processio praeter processionem verbi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6234 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29589"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6235 "ref">[29589] Iª q. 27 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6236 quod spiritus sanctus procedit a patre, ut dicitur Ioan. XV. Ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6237 autem est alius a filio, secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>rogabo patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6238 meum, et alium Paracletum dabit vobis</i>. Ergo in divinis est alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6239 processio praeter processionem verbi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6240 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 co."><a name="29590"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6241 "ref">[29590] Iª q. 27 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6242 quod in divinis sunt duae processiones, scilicet processio verbi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6243 et quaedam alia. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6244 divinis non est processio nisi secundum actionem quae non tendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6245 aliquid extrinsecum, sed manet in ipso agente. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6246 actio in intellectuali natura est actio intellectus et actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6247 voluntatis. Processio autem verbi attenditur secundum actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6248 intelligibilem. Secundum autem operationem voluntatis invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6249 nobis quaedam alia processio, scilicet processio amoris, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6250 quam amatum est in amante, sicut per conceptionem verbi res dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6251 vel intellecta, est in intelligente. Unde et praeter processionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6252 verbi, ponitur alia processio in divinis, quae est processio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6253 amoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6254 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29591"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6255 "ref">[29591] Iª q. 27 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6256 dicendum quod non est necessarium procedere in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6257 processionibus in infinitum. Processio enim quae est ad intra in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6258 intellectuali natura, terminatur in processione voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6259 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29592"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6260 "ref">[29592] Iª q. 27 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6261 dicendum quod quidquid est in Deo, est Deus, ut supra ostensum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6262 quod non contingit in aliis rebus. Et ideo per quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6263 processionem quae non est ad extra, communicatur divina natura, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6264 autem aliae naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6265 <p title="I q. 27 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29593"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6266 "ref">[29593] Iª q. 27 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6267 dicendum quod, licet in Deo non sit aliud voluntas et intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6268 tamen de ratione voluntatis et intellectus est, quod processiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6269 quae sunt secundum actionem utriusque, se habeant secundum quendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6270 ordinem. Non enim est processio amoris nisi in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6271 processionem verbi, nihil enim potest voluntate amari, nisi sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6272 intellectu conceptum. Sicut igitur attenditur quidam ordo verbi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6273 principium a quo procedit, licet in divinis sit eadem substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6274 intellectus et conceptio intellectus; ita, licet in Deo sit idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6275 voluntas et intellectus, tamen, quia de ratione amoris est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6276 procedat nisi a conceptione intellectus, habet ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6277 distinctionem processio amoris a processione verbi in divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6278 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6279 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6280 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29594"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6281 "ref">[29594] Iª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6282 proceditur. Videtur quod processio amoris in divinis sit generatio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6283 Quod enim procedit in similitudine naturae in viventibus, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6284 generatum et nascens. Sed id quod procedit in divinis per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6285 amoris, procedit in similitudine naturae, alias esset extraneum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6286 natura divina, et sic esset processio ad extra. Ergo quod procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6287 in divinis per modum amoris, procedit ut genitum et nascens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6288 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29595"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6289 "ref">[29595] Iª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6290 similitudo est de ratione verbi, ita est etiam de ratione amoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6291 unde dicitur Eccli. XIII, quod <i>omne animal diligit simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6292 sibi</i>. Si igitur ratione similitudinis verbo procedenti convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6293 generari et nasci, videtur etiam quod amori procedenti convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6294 generari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6295 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29596"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6296 "ref">[29596] Iª q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6297 est in genere quod non est in aliqua eius specie. Si igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6298 divinis sit quaedam processio amoris, oportet quod, praeter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6299 nomen commune, habeat aliquod nomen speciale. Sed non est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6300 nomen dare nisi generatio. Ergo videtur quod processio amoris in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6301 divinis sit generatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6302 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29597"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6303 "ref">[29597] Iª q. 27 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6304 quia secundum hoc sequeretur quod spiritus sanctus, qui procedit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6305 amor, procederet ut genitus. Quod est contra illud Athanasii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6306 <i>spiritus sanctus a patre et filio non factus nec creatus nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6307 genitus, sed procedens</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6308 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 co."><a name="29598"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6309 "ref">[29598] Iª q. 27 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6310 quod processio amoris in divinis non debet dici generatio. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6311 evidentiam, sciendum est quod haec est differentia inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6312 intellectum et voluntatem, quod intellectus fit in actu per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6313 quod res intellecta est in intellectu secundum suam similitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6314 voluntas autem fit in actu, non per hoc quod aliqua similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6315 voliti sit in voluntate, sed ex hoc quod voluntas habet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6316 inclinationem in rem volitam. Processio igitur quae attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6317 secundum rationem intellectus, est secundum rationem similitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6318 et intantum potest habere rationem generationis, quia omne generans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6319 generat sibi simile. Processio autem quae attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6320 rationem voluntatis, non consideratur secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6321 similitudinis, sed magis secundum rationem impellentis et moventis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6322 in aliquid. Et ideo quod procedit in divinis per modum amoris, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6323 procedit ut genitum vel ut filius, sed magis procedit ut spiritus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6324 quo nomine quaedam vitalis motio et impulsio designatur, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6325 aliquis ex amore dicitur moveri vel impelli ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6326 faciendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6327 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29599"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6328 "ref">[29599] Iª q. 27 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6329 dicendum quod quidquid est in divinis, est unum cum divina natura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6330 Unde ex parte huius unitatis non potest accipi propria ratio huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6331 processionis vel illius, secundum quam una distinguatur ab alia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6332 sed oportet quod propria ratio huius vel illius processionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6333 accipiatur secundum ordinem unius processionis ad aliam. Huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6334 autem ordo attenditur secundum rationem voluntatis et intellectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6335 Unde secundum horum propriam rationem sortitur in divinis nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6336 utraque processio, quod imponitur ad propriam rationem rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6337 significandam. Et inde est quod procedens per modum amoris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6338 divinam naturam accipit, et tamen non dicitur natum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6339 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29600"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6340 "ref">[29600] Iª q. 27 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6341 dicendum quod similitudo aliter pertinet ad verbum, et aliter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6342 amorem. Nam ad verbum pertinet inquantum ipsum est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6343 similitudo rei intellectae, sicut genitum est similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6344 generantis, sed ad amorem pertinet, non quod ipse amor sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6345 similitudo, sed inquantum similitudo est principium amandi. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6346 non sequitur quod amor sit genitus, sed quod genitum sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6347 amoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6348 <p title="I q. 27 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29601"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6349 "ref">[29601] Iª q. 27 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6350 dicendum quod Deum nominare non possumus nisi ex creaturis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6351 dictum est supra. Et quia in creaturis communicatio naturae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6352 nisi per generationem, processio in divinis non habet proprium vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6353 speciale nomen nisi generationis. Unde processio quae non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6354 generatio, remansit sine speciali nomine. Sed potest nominari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6355 spiratio, quia est processio spiritus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6356 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6357 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6358 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="29602"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6359 "ref">[29602] Iª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6360 proceditur. Videtur quod sint plures processiones in divinis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6361 duae. Sicut enim scientia et voluntas attribuitur Deo, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6362 potentia. Si igitur secundum intellectum et voluntatem accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6363 in Deo duae processiones, videtur quod tertia sit accipienda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6364 secundum potentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6365 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="29603"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6366 "ref">[29603] Iª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6367 bonitas maxime videtur esse principium processionis, cum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6368 dicatur diffusivum sui esse. Videtur igitur quod secundum bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6369 aliqua processio in divinis accipi debeat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6370 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="29604"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6371 "ref">[29604] Iª q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6372 est fecunditatis virtus in Deo quam in nobis. Sed in nobis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6373 tantum una processio verbi, sed multae, quia ex uno verbo in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6374 procedit aliud verbum; et similiter ex uno amore alius amor. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6375 et in Deo sunt plures processiones quam duae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6376 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 s. c."><a name="29605"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6377 "ref">[29605] Iª q. 27 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6378 quod in Deo non sunt nisi duo procedentes, scilicet filius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6379 spiritus sanctus. Ergo sunt ibi tantum duae processiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6380 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 co."><a name="29606"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6381 "ref">[29606] Iª q. 27 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6382 quod processiones in divinis accipi non possunt nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6383 actiones quae in agente manent. Huiusmodi autem actiones in natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6384 intellectuali et divina non sunt nisi duae, scilicet intelligere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6385 velle. Nam sentire, quod etiam videtur esse operatio in sentiente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6386 est extra naturam intellectualem, neque totaliter est remotum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6387 genere actionum quae sunt ad extra; nam sentire perficitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6388 actionem sensibilis in sensum. Relinquitur igitur quod nulla alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6389 processio possit esse in Deo, nisi verbi et amoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6390 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="29607"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6391 "ref">[29607] Iª q. 27 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6392 dicendum quod potentia est principium agendi in aliud, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6393 secundum potentiam accipitur actio ad extra. Et sic secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6394 attributum potentiae non accipitur processio divinae personae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6395 solum processio creaturarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6396 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="29608"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6397 "ref">[29608] Iª q. 27 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6398 dicendum quod bonum, sicut dicit Boetius in libro de Hebd.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6399 pertinet ad essentiam et non ad operationem, nisi forte sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6400 obiectum voluntatis. Unde, cum processiones divinas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6401 aliquas actiones necesse sit accipere, secundum bonitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6402 huiusmodi alia attributa non accipiuntur aliae processiones nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6403 verbi et amoris, secundum quod Deus suam essentiam, veritatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6404 bonitatem intelligit et amat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6405 <p title="I q. 27 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="29609"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6406 "ref">[29609] Iª q. 27 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6407 dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, Deus uno simplici actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6408 omnia intelligit, et similiter omnia vult. Unde in eo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6409 esse processio verbi ex verbo, neque amoris ex amore, sed est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6410 solum unum verbum perfectum, et unus amor perfectus. Et in hoc eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6411 perfecta fecunditas manifestatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6412 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6413 <p><a href="sth1003.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6414 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6415 <a href="sth1028.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6416 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6417 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6418 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6419 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6420 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6421 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6422 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6423 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6424 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6425 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6426 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6427 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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